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Piebaldism is a genetic pigmentation disorder, which is caused by absence of melanocytes in parts of the skin and/or hair follicles, with eyes and claws normally pigmented. The occurrence of piebaldism in natural populations is rare and the effects on fitness are still unknown. This article reports the first case of pigmentation disorders in the Fringe-lipped BatTrachops cirrhosus(Spix, 1823) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) caught in Barra do Triunfo, city of João Neiva, northeastern state of Espírito Santo, southeast Brazil.

25. Fringe-lipped Bat Trachops cirrhosus French: Trachope verruqueux / German: Fransenlippenfledermaus / Spanish: Tracops de labios verrugosos Other common names: Frog-eating Bat Taxonomy. Vampyrus cirrhosus Spix, 1823, type locality not given. Restricted by A. M. Husson in 1962 to Para, Brazil. Three subspecies are recognized. Subspecies and Distribution. T.c.cirrhosusSpix,1823—fromCostaRicaStoSouthAmerica,includingColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,Ecuador,Peru,N&CBrazil,andBolivia;alsoonTrinidadI. T.c.coffiniGoldman,1925—fromSMexico(SVeracruz,OaxacaandmostofYucatanPeninsula)StoNicaragua. T. c. ehrhardti Felten, 1956 — SE Brazil. Descriptive notes. Head-body 72-95 mm, tail 10-20 mm, ear 30-40 mm, hindfoot 16— 22 mm, forearm 56-65 mm; weight 28-45 g. Compared with other phyllostomids, the Fringe-lipped Bat is large, powerful, and robust. Fur is long, woolly, and rich brown to grayish brown and cinnamon; venteris slightly paler than dorsum. Forearm is furry on its dorsal surface to at least 50% ofits length. Ears are very large and round, with narrow, pointed tragus. Inner edges of ears are hairy. Noseleaf has very distinct and well-developed lancet that, as in other phyllostomines,is not extremely long. Mouth area, especially chin and lowerlip, are copiously studded with elongated projections that resemble warts and are sensitive. Uropatagium is well developed, and tail is short, projecting close to center of tail membrane on dorsal side. There is limited sexual dimorphism, but during mating season, males have gular gland on upper chest that exudes white odorous paste. Dental formula is 12/2, C1/1,P 2/3, M 3/3 (x2) = 34. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 30 and FN = 56. X-chromosome and Y-chromosome are acrocentric. Habitat. Usually lowland tropical rainforests, most frequently associated with water bodies, from sea level to elevations of ¢. 500 m. In Central and South America, Fringelipped Bats have been found in drier ecosystems, including tropical dry forests, caatinga, cerrado, and other habitats. They tend to avoid disturbed areas and are vulnerable to habitat and roost destruction. Food and Feeding. Fringe-lipped Bats are considered foliage-gleaning carnivores, with very diverse diets. They eat beetles, orthopterans, several species of frogs, lizards such as geckos and anoles, bats, and even prey as large as mouse opossums weighing onethird of their body weight. They sometimes eat fruit. They eavesdrop on unsuspecting, calling prey such as tungara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus) or katydids. They conduct shortflights to their hunting grounds, but if hunting frogs, they can fly longer. They are also sit-and-wait predators, seeking acoustic cues from their prey while perched in a tree or other surface, from which the attack is then launched. Fringe-lipped Bats are rapid learners that can incorporate cues and information from the environment into their foraging habits—e.g. they can learn that a sound represents new prey and identify new prey by listening to other species of gleaning bats. Breeding. Female Fringe-lipped Bats carry one embryo, and depending on location, they are bimodally polyestrous or monoestrous. Parturition is timed with onset of rainy season, likely to maximize food availability for mother and offspring. Harems seem to contain a few females and one male. Activity patterns. Fringe-lipped Bats become active less than 30 minutes after sunset. They leave their roosts and conduct relatively short flights (average 220 m from roost) and then perch in a sit-and-wait strategy listening for acoustic cues emitted by prey. After they detect prey, an attack is launched with a brief flight from the perch. They fly in short bouts, with longest flights averaging c.12 minutes. When all flights were accumulated over the entire night,six bats flew an average of 68 minutes in one night, indicating that only c.11% of their time budget was spent in flight; remainder of time was spent perching, supposedly eavesdropping for calling prey. They roost in caves, culverts, archaeological remains, hollow trees, mines, and abandoned buildings. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Fringe-lipped Bats have been radiotracked repeatedly on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. As many as four females and two males that occupied a tree hollow in Anacardium excelsum (Anacardiaceae) were radio-tracked. They tended to carry out relatively short flights to and from the roost. The average home range of the Fringe-lipped Bat is ¢.60 ha (range 15-110 ha). Home range of an individual can overlap with 1-4 other individuals. On average, less than 10% of their home ranges (c.12 ha) are used as foraging areas. Any individual might have more than one foraging area that it uses repeatedly but not in a consistent, predictable fashion. Fringe-lipped Bats show low roost fidelity, with individuals switching roosts every 1-18 days. This suggests that group social dynamics approaches the fissionfusion model, and some individuals tended to move from one roost to the next in the company of one other individual. Social organization seems to be that of harems with one male associated with two or more females, but more studies are needed to confirm this. Colonies can number up to 50 individuals of both sexes. Fringe-lipped Bats can share roosts with a wide variety of other bat species, including the Common Vampire Bat (Desmodus rotundus), the Hairy-legged Vampire Bat (Diphylla ecaudata), the Pygmy Round-eared Bat (Lophostoma brasiliense), the Little Big-eared Bat (Micronycteris megalotis), the Orange-throated Bat (Lampronycteris brachyotis), the Long-legged Bat (Macrophyllum macrophyllum), the Common Sword-nosed Bat (Lonchorhina aurita), the Cozumelan Golden Bat (Mimon cozumelae), Pallas’s Long-tongued Bat (Glossophaga soricina), the Tailed Tailless Bat (Anoura caudifer), Geoffroy’s Tailless Bat (A. geoffroyi), the Brazilian Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla mordax), Seba’s Short-tailed Bat (Carollia perspicillata), sac-winged bats (Saccopteryx spp.), the Greater Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx kappleri), and the Common Black Myotis (Myotis nigricans). Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Fringelipped Bats seem to be affected negatively by human disturbance of forests and roosts, which led Mexico to list it as federally threatened. Bibliography. Cramer et al. (2001), Giannini & Kalko (2005), Gray (1847), Husson (1962), Jones et al. (2017), Kalko et al. (1999), Page & Jones (2016), Page & Ryan (2006), Patriquin et al. (2018), Williams & Genoways (2008)., Published as part of Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Phyllostomidae, pp. 444-583 in Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona :Lynx Edicions on pages 501-502, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6458594

Trachops cirrhosus, una de las 33 especies de la subfamilia PhyIlostominae (Wilson & Reeder 1993), se distribuye desde el sur de México hasta Bolivia y el sureste de Brasil (Emmons 1990). Trachops cirrhosus, una de las 33 especies de la subfamilia PhyIlostominae (Wilson & Reeder 1993), se distribuye desde el sur de México hasta Bolivia y el sureste de Brasil (Emmons 1990).

Trachops cirrhosus (Spix) VOUCHER MATERIAL: 8 females (AMNH *266080, *266081, *266082, *267928, *267936; MNHN *1995.1067, *1995.1068, *1995.1069) and 16 males (AMNH *266079, *266084, *266089, *267129, *267442, *267929, *267930, *267932, *267933, *267934, *267935; MNHN *1995.1070, *1995.1071, *1995.1072, *1995.1073, *1995.1074); see table 31 for measurements. IDENTIFICATION: Descriptions and measurements of Trachops cirrhosus from the Guianas and elsewhere may be found in Goodwin and Greenhall (1961), Husson (1962, 1978), Swanepoel and Genoways (1979), Hall (1981), and Brosset and Charles��Dominique (1990). Three subspecies are currently recognized: T. c. cirrhosus (Costa Rica to Amazonian Brazil and Bolivia, east of the Andes to Ecuador), T. c. coffini (southern Mexico to Nicaragua), and T. c. ehrhardti (Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, and possibly parts of Bolivia) (Koopman, 1994). Our Paracou specimens agree well with previous descriptions of Trachops cirrhosus cirrhosus. Like other material with published measurements from the Guianas, our vouchers are among the largest known for the species. In particular, a few forearm measurements from our series slightly exceed the largest values previously reported for T. cirrhosus. FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We recorded 58 captures (possibly including some recaptures) of Trachops cirrhosus at Paracou, of which 53 were in ground��level mistnets and 5 were at roosts. Of the 53 mistnet captures, 16 were in well��drained primary forest, 25 were in swampy primary forest, 11 were in creekside primary forest (many over streams), and 1 was over a roadside puddle adjacent to welldrained primary forest. Both of the roosts we found were over water in large (2.5 m in diameter) culverts; one roosting group captured in its entirety consisted of four adult males. Most mistnet captures were of solitary individuals, but we once saw a flock of five bats collide with a net set across a small stream; two individuals, both adult females, were captured but the other three escaped. A mistnet enclosure built around a hollow tree occupied by Mimon bennettii and Carollia perspicillata (described in the account for the former species, above) caught a single adult female Trachops that flew directly toward the roost opening from the outside, possibly attempting to ambush the emerging C. perspicillata., Published as part of Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S., 1998, The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats, pp. 1-219 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237 on page 91, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4545052, {"references":["Goodwin, G. G., and A. M. Greenhall 1961. A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 122: 191 - 301.","Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls.","Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335.","Hall, E. R. 1981. Mammals of North America, 2 nd ed. New York: Wiley and Sons.","Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559."]}

Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823). Sim. Vespert. Brasil., p. 64. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guianas, SE Brazil, Bolivia and Ecuador; Trinidad. SYNONYMS: coffini, ehrhardti, fuliginosus., Published as part of Karl F. Koopman, 1993, Order Chiroptera, pp. 137-241 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 181, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353060

Trachops cirrhosus (Spix, 1823). Sim. Vespert. Brasil., p. 64. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Pernambuco. DISTRIBUTION: Oaxaca (Mexico) to Guianas, Brazil, Bolivia and Peru; Trinidad. ISIS NUMBER: 5301405008013001001., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Chiroptera, pp. 111-215 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 166, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352990

Trachops Gray, 1847. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1847:14. REVIEWED BY: R. Barquez (RB); B. Villa-Ramirez (BVR). ISIS NUMBER: 5301405008013000000., Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Chiroptera, pp. 111-215 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 166, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352990