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Forage crops options are required by dry-stock farmers to fill summer feed gaps. This trial compared a brassica monoculture with simple and hyper-diverse mixtures containing up to 21 forage species sown in October on a Waikato dry-stock farm. Two of the twelve treatments were established at paddock scale. Species included rape, oats, plantain and red clover. Seedling emergence was assessed four weeks after sowing and herbage production, metabolisable energy and botanical composition in mid-January. Rape was common in all mixtures for the provision of high-quality forage. Oats suppressed rape production, even at low sowing rates (

Canadian Literature, No. 241 (2020): Reading, Writing, Listening

Canadian Literature, No 237 (2019): House, Home, Hospitality

I argue that Rahat Kurd’s witness poetry examines the poet’s mark and proposes that this mark differs from the more easily recognizable signature. The poet’s mark is essential to witness as that aspect of the poem (a different aspect in every poem) that demonstrates the relationships among poem, poet, reader, and tradition. In Cosmophilia, Kurd writes about the traditions she inherits through her familial connections to Kashmir and Pakistan and through her Muslim identity. Her poems witness political conflict and violence alongside the beauty of cultural creations, including Persian script and Kashmiri embroidery. Cosmophilia means “love of ornament,” and Kurd’s collection suggests such loving looking is implicated in witness. I pursue this argument with Carolyn Forché’s defining comments on the genre of poetry of witness, Paul E. Losensky’s study of the ghazal, and Jonathan Culler’s and Peggy Kamuf’s engagements with the concept of the signature., Canadian Literature, No 232 (2017): Meanwhile, Home

Canadian Literature, No 230-1 (2016): Indigenous Literature and the Arts of Community

This chapter describes the transformation of Pinus radiata using organogenic cotyledon explants rather than the more common somatic embryogenesis methods for conifers. The advantages of our method are the year round availability of seed and that over 80% of genotypes can be easily regenerated from the mature cotyledon explants. The transformation efficiency (i.e., the number of transformed shoots regenerated from excised cotyledons) is 1.7% and, as with other Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation methods, the majority of transgene integrations are single copy. Critical factors for success are survival of the cotyledons, Agrobacterium strain, and selection pressure after cocultivation.

This chapter describes the transformation of Pinus radiata using organogenic cotyledon explants rather than the more common somatic embryogenesis methods for conifers. The advantages of our method are the year round availability of seed and that over 80% of genotypes can be easily regenerated from the mature cotyledon explants. The transformation efficiency (i.e., the number of transformed shoots regenerated from excised cotyledons) is 1.7% and, as with other Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation methods, the majority of transgene integrations are single copy. Critical factors for success are survival of the cotyledons, Agrobacterium strain, and selection pressure after cocultivation.