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Copyright of Nursing in Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care is the property of Evereth Publishing Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Infusion therapy is a form of treatment used in clinical practice. Procedures associated with their implementation are associated with high risk as a result of personnel actions. This risk is also influenced by patient factors including the clinical condition. The selection of equipment and infused medicinal products also has a significant impact on the level of risk. The aim of our research was to determine the level of knowledge of medical personnel regarding the risk of infusion therapy and the correct use of closed infusion systems. Material and methods The study was conducted in 2016-2018 among nurses, midwives and paramedics working in medical entities in the following provinces: swietokrzyskie, kujawsko-pomorskie, pomorskie, podlaskie, lubuskie, zachodniopomorskie and wielkopolskie. The self-help questionnaire was used. The test group consisted of 1553 respondents. Results The subjective assessment of the risk of infusion procedures does not translate into the correctness of responses regarding a closed infusion system and depends on the place of employment, seniority, level of education and job position. Respondents showed that infusion procedures are at high risk - 1023 respondents (65.8%), the smallest number of respondents indicated that they can not refer to the assessment and chose the answer T don't know' - 115 respondents (7.4%). There were statistically significant differences between the groups regarding place of work, education and the position held (p<0.05). The study showed that medical personnel are aware of the risk of infusion therapy, although the state of knowledge regarding its safety is insufficient. Conclusions Appropriate equipment allowing closed infusion therapy accompanied by training is crucial for this issue and if properly managed, it will limit the risk of infection and provide safety of infusion therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) systems for bacterial identification has rapidly become a front line tool for diagnostic laboratories, superseding classical microbiological methods that previously triggered the identification of higher risk pathogens. Unknown Risk Group 3 isolates have been misidentified as less pathogenic species due to spectral library availability, content and quality. Consequently, exposure to higher risk pathogens has been reported within Canadian laboratory staff following the implementation of MALDI-TOF MS. This overview aims to communicate the potential risk to laboratory staff of inaccurate identification of security-sensitive biological agents (SSBA) bacteria and to provide suggestions to mitigate., Methods: Cultures were manipulated in a Biosafety Level 3 laboratory, prepared for MALDI-TOF MS analysis via full chemical extraction and analysed on a Bruker Microflex LT instrument. Data were analyzed with Biotyper software; comparing raw spectra against MS profiles in three libraries: Bruker Taxonomy; Bruker Security-Restricted; and National Microbiology Laboratory (NML) SSBA libraries. Four years of Bruker MALDI-TOF MS data acquired in-house were reviewed., Results: In general, the Bruker MS spectral libraries were less successful in identifying the SSBA bacteria. More successful was the NML library. For example, using a high score cut-off (greater than 2.0), the Bruker SR library was unable to identify 52.8% of our Risk Group 3 agents and near neighbours to the species-level with confidence, whereas the custom NML library was unable to identify only 20.3% of the samples., Conclusion: The last four years of data demonstrated both the importance of library selection and the limitations of the various spectral libraries. Enhanced standard operating procedures are advised to reduce laboratory exposure to SSBAs when using MALDI-TOF MS as a front line identification tool., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None.

Improvements in the synthesis, deprotection and purification of oligoribonucleotides are described. These advances allow for reduced synthesis and deprotection times, while improving product yield. Coupling times are reduced by half using 5-ethylthio-1H-tetrazole (S-ethyltetrazole) as the activator. Base and 2'-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl deprotection with methylamine (MA) and anhydrous triethylamine/hydrogen fluoride in N-methylpyrrolidinone (TEA.HF/NMP), respectively, requires a fraction of the time necessitated by current standard methods. In addition, the ease of oligoribonucleotide purification and analysis have been significantly enhanced using anion exchange chromatography. These new methods improve the yield and quality of the oligoribonucleotides synthesized. Hammerhead ribozymes synthesized utilizing the described methods exhibited no diminution in catalytic activity.