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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of an aseptic elastic repellent tourniquet in the surgical treatment of lower limb injuries in athletes, resembling those commonly seen in military training. Methods: This prospective study involved 72 athletes experiencing lower limb injuries, divided equally into an observation group and a control group. The observation group underwent surgery with the application of a blood expelling tourniquet, while the control group received a traditional pneumatic tourniquet. Metrics compared included operation preparation time, average operation duration, hemostatic effectiveness, hemoglobin levels, and incidence of postoperative complications. Results: The use of the blood expelling tourniquet significantly reduced the operation preparation time in the observation group (P < 0.05). Hemoglobin levels on the first and third days' post-operation were higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the observation group exhibited a lower incidence of skin-related complications such as skin blisters and lower extremity venous thrombosis (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of an aseptic elastic repellent tourniquet in surgeries for athletic lower limb injuries offers significant advantages. It not only shortens preparation and surgery times but also minimizes intraoperative bleeding and reduces the risk of postoperative complications, enhancing recovery outcomes. This study supports the use of this tourniquet type in sports medicine, particularly for injuries analogous to those encountered in rigorous training scenarios like military exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the occurrence of foot and ankle injuries in military training of Ⅲ personnel (professional technicians) during long-distance march so as to provide basis for scientific training. Methods During a certain military training activity in May 2021, a self-made questionnaire was used to investigate all the Ⅲ personnel in a certain unit. The personnel were divided into groups according to sex, age, intensity of walking exercise, and types of combat boots and socks, respectively, and the data were analyzed by the staff of the research group. Results Finally, 285 valid questionnaires were obtained among the 325 participants, with a validity rate of 88%, including 163 cases of pain (57.2%) and 104 cases of blisters (36.5%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of blisters among the groups. Totally 80.1% of the blisters and 77.3% of the pain occurred in the forefoot area. Based on visual analogue scale (VAS) score, the pain score of participants over 50 years old was decreased significantly (P=0.032), and wearing uniform socks could significantly reduce the pain score (P=0.033). During the period, there were no cases of fracture, operation or other cases, and no one withdrew from training activities due to injuries. Conclusion Ⅲ personnel in the army are prone to pain and blisters in the forefoot area when they carry out long-distance training. Age and the type of socks are important factors affecting pain.

Objective To investigate the status of fatigue in the army special operations forces (SOF) and its relationship with occupational specialties. Methods A total of 203 operators at special positions were recruited from SOF divisions. Their fast venous blood and urine samples were collected in the next morning after regular military training. Hemoglobin (HB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urea acid (UA), creatine (CRE), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and microscale albuminuria (MAU) were measured and evaluated according to medical reference ranges and suitable restored limits recommended by National Bureau of Sports, so as to reflect the status of fatigue. The levels in the SOF group were compared to our data of HB, CRE, CPK and LDH levels in 162 non-SOF soldiers collected 7 years ago. The differences of the 7 biomarkers among the different SOF positions, and the correlation of these biomarkers with the occurrence of training-related injuries (strain and laceration) were analyzed. Results In the SOF operators, 17.2%, 2.5%, 34.0%, 0%, 78.3%, 14.3% and 21.1% of them had abnormalities when compared with the medical reference ranges for HB, BUN, UA, CRE, CPK and LDH, respectively, and even 32.5%, 0.0%, 57.1% and 11.3% of them separately had their HB, BUN, CPK and LDH values beyond the restored values in professional athletes after exercise. There were more SOF operators having abnormal HB and UA values than the soldiers from non-SOF force (proportions beyond medical reference ranges for HB: 1.3% and UA: 6.8%, and 12.3% of them beyond the restored value)(P < 0.001). Significant differences were seen in the CPK, LDH and MAU values among the operators of different SOF positions, and scouts had higher levels in multiple biomarkers. The CPK level was positively correlated with UA (P=0.013), LDH (P < 0.001) and MAU (P=0.015), and that of CRE was with BUN (P < 0.001) and UA (P < 0.001). Among the SOF operators with repetitive strain or laceration injuries, they had higher proportions of CPK and LDH abnormalities (both P < 0.05). Conclusion There are large proportion of the SOF operators having abnormal multiple biomarkers for fatigue status when compared with the medical references and the returned values in professional athletes after exercise. The fatigue status of scouts is at a high level in all specialties, and CPK and LDH may have potential to monitor the fatigue status in them.

Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a martial art that focuses on groundwork, joint locks, and chokeholds. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of injuries sustained during BJJ training. A 27-question research survey was e-mailed to 166 BJJ gyms in the United States. Demographic information, belt level, weight class, training hours, competition experience, and injury prevalence data were collected. The majority of respondents were Caucasian (n = 96) males (n = 121) with an average age of 30.3 years. Overall, the most common injury locations were to the hand and fingers (n = 70), foot and toes (n = 52), and arm and elbow (n = 51). The most common medically diagnosed conditions were skin infections (n = 38), injuries to the knee (n =26), and foot and toes (n = 19). The most common non-medically diagnosed injuries occurred to the hand and fingers (n = 56), arm and elbow (n = 40), and foot and toes (n = 33). In general, athletes were more likely to sustain distal rather than proximal injuries. Athletes reported more frequent medically diagnosed injuries to the lower extremity and more frequent self-diagnosed injuries to the upper extremity. Upper extremity injuries appear to be more frequent but less severe than lower extremity injuries with the opposite being true for lower extremity injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Mixed martial arts (MMA) is rapidly growing in popularity in the United States and abroad. This combat sport joins athletes from a wide variety of martial art disciplines, each with characteristic and distinguishing injury profiles, together in competition. Because of increasing participation by professionals and amateurs alike, injuries sustained by MMA athletes have been on the rise.Evidence Acquisition: A review of relevant publications using the search term mixed martial arts and each of its component combat sports (eg, Muay Thai, Brazilian jiu-jitsu) from 1980 through 2015 was completed using PubMed and Google Scholar.Study Design: Clinical review.Level Of Evidence: Level 5.Results: The majority of studies on MMA injuries evaluate those sustained during competition, which range in incidence from 22.9 to 28.6 per 100 fight-participations. Striking-predominant disciplines such as boxing, karate, and Muay Thai have high rates of head and facial injuries, whereas submission-predominant disciplines such as Brazilian jiu-jitsu, judo, and wrestling have high rates of joint injuries.Conclusion: Numerous studies have evaluated injuries in athletes who participate in MMA and its component disciplines during competition but much remains to be discovered about injuries sustained during training and in specific patient populations such as adolescents and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) is a martial art that focuses on groundwork, joint locks, and chokeholds. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of injuries sustained during BJJ training. A 27-question research survey was e-mailed to 166 BJJ gyms in the United States. Demographic information, belt level, weight class, training hours, competition experience, and injury prevalence data were collected. The majority of respondents were Caucasian (n = 96) males (n = 121) with an average age of 30.3 years. Overall, the most common injury locations were to the hand and fingers (n = 70), foot and toes (n = 52), and arm and elbow (n = 51). The most common medically diagnosed conditions were skin infections (n = 38), injuries to the knee (n =26), and foot and toes (n = 19). The most common non-medically diagnosed injuries occurred to the hand and fingers (n = 56), arm and elbow (n = 40), and foot and toes (n = 33). In general, athletes were more likely to sustain distal rather than proximal injuries. Athletes reported more frequent medically diagnosed injuries to the lower extremity and more frequent self-diagnosed injuries to the upper extremity. Upper extremity injuries appear to be more frequent but less severe than lower extremity injuries with the opposite being true for lower extremity injuries.

Background: Musculoskeletal Injury (MSKI), a common problem in both military and physically active civilian populations, has been suggested to result from both extrinsic and intrinsic factors., Objective: To investigate prospectively whether gait biomechanics, aerobic fitness levels and smoking status as well as entry military selection test variables can be used to predict MSKI development during recruit training., Methods: British infantry male recruits (n = 562) were selected for the study. Plantar pressure variables, smoking habit, aerobic fitness as measured by a 1.5 mile run time and initial military selection test (combination of fitness, Trainability score) were collected prior to commencement of infantry recruit training. Injury data were collected during the 26 week training period., Results: Incidence rate of MSKI over a 26 week training period was 41.28% (95 % CI: 37.28 - 45.40%). The injured group had a higher medial plantar pressure (p < 0.03), shorter time to peak heel rotation (p < 0.02), current smoking status (p < 0.001) and a slower 1.5 mile run time (p < 0.03). In contrast, there were no significant differences (p > 0.23) in lateral heel pressure, age, weight, height, BMI and military selection test. A logistic regression model predicted MSKI significantly (p= 0.03) with an accuracy of 34.50% of all MSK injury and 76.70% of the non-injured group with an overall accuracy of 69.50%., Conclusion: The logistic regression model combining the three risk factors was capable of predicting 34.5% of all MSKI. A specific biomechanical profile, slow 1.5 mile run time and current smoking status were identified as predictors of subsequent MSKI development. The proposed model could include evaluation of other potential risk factors and if validated then further enhance the specificity, sensitivity and applicability., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.)