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To evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of Efcovida powder, we induced immunosuppression in Swiss mice by cyclophosphamide (CP). Efcovida powder at two doses of 60 mg/kg b.w and 120 mg/kg b.w were administered orally for seven consecutive days to animals. CP (200 mg/kg i.p.) was injected on the 4th day. The result showed that Efcovida powder at the dose of 60 mg/kg b.w only posed an immunostimulating potency in the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression model while Efcovida powder at the dose of 120 mg/kg b.w significantly ameliorated the effects of CP on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, leukocyte quantity, relative thymus weight, serum IL-4, IL-6 concentration, and micro-histological images of spleen and thymus. This suggested the potential of Efcovida powder to treat immunosuppression diseases in clinical practice.

It has recently become obvious that the prevalence of adults with diagnosed liver diseases has been rapidly increasing in Vietnam, as well as other countries, over the past two decades. There has been a current trend for researchers to discover new natural ingredients which were safe and still effective in the treatment of liver diseases. Silymax Complex was a herbal-derived product (Carduus marianus, Extractum Herba Phyllanthi urinariae, Extractum Fructus Schisandrae, Extractum Herba Adenosmatis caerulei and Curcuma longa L.) used as an oral medication. So far, the safety of this product has not been reported in Vietnam. Thus, this study was designed to assess the subchronic toxicity of Silymax Complex capsules in Wistar rats. The method used in this study followed the guidance of World Health Organization and Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in rats with 2 oral doses of 316.8 mg/kg b.w/day and 950.4 mg/kg b.w/day for 12 consecutive weeks. As a result, Silymax Complex capsules caused no significant changes in general condition, hematological indexes, hepato-renal functions and microscopic images of livers and kidneys. In light of our findings, Silymax Complex capsules did not cause subchronic toxicity in experimental rats. Moreover, this also revealed partly the safety of Silymax Complex capsules in clinical practice.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the latest in a long wave of disruptive technology, offering significant benefits but also creating risks if deployed in an uncontrolled manner. Recognizing this, many countries around the world, including Vietnam, are making efforts to research and build a legal framework to regulate and manage the development of AI to ensure that this technology supports their socio-economic development. In this context, the legislative experience of the European Union, one of world’s leaders in digital technology, is of high significance. The European GDPR, adopted in 2016, has become the international standard in terms of data protection. The EU AI Act, which is currently in a draft stage and will come into force not before end of 2024, sets out horizontal rules for the development, commodification and use of AI-driven products, services and systems, including the AI system and data protection. This article particularly scrutinizes the interplay between both the AI Act/AI systems and the GDPR and considers the regulatory state of play as at October 2022.

In the era of information booming with the robust development of the Internet and social networks, the mass media plays an important role, especially in the election. In this article, the author mentions the role of the mass media with the election in Vietnam and gives out some recommendations for the use of the mass media in the election in Vietnam. Keywords: mass media, election, Vietnam. Title: MASS MEDIA AND SOME RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ELECTION IN VIETNAM Author: Nguyen Thi Tham, Tran Viet Dung International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Vol. 11, Issue 2, April 2023 - June 2023 Page No: 252-255 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 23-May-2023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7961034 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/mass-media-and-some-recommendations-for-election-in-vietnam, International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online), Research Publish Journals, Website: www.researchpublish.com

In recent decades, e-commerce has gradually become a thriving industry that generated a huge profit and enhanced the life quality of nations around the world, including Vietnam. Nevertheless, the development of the Vietnamese e-commerce industry has also engendered a handful of consumer disputes that could not be easily resolved through traditional, face-to-face dispute resolution methods. A consumer redress system that addresses e-commerce transactions is essential to the continued success and growth of e-commerce. In this paper, we argue that traditional domestic judicial mechanisms for legal recourse do not adequately satisfy the needs of consumers or vendors and propose an online dispute resolution (ODR) system as a more reasonable, efficient and fair alternative. The ODR system will provide a forum in the same virtual marketplace environment in which consumers purchase their goods or services, allowing broad accessibility, as well as swift and affordable recourse for the parties involved. This paper will more specifically discuss the EU experience in promoting the ODR system for consumer e-commerce disputes, which can serve as a reference for the policy makers in establishing the legal framework for ODR in Vietnam. In addition, this paper also suggests a specific set of guidelines for the essential attributes that must be present in the Vietnamese consumer ODR platform.

Vietnam has experienced an economic growth accompanied by increasing energy demand and inadequate supplies. Like most developing countries, the increased inefficient use of energy in Vietnam leads to increased greenhouse gas emissions and high energy costs for consumers. Also, the traditional sources of energy are not sufficient to satisfy the demand of the economic sectors. With the negative impact of climate change on water resources and the depletion of coal, oil and gas reserves, Vietnam must diversify and integrate other forms of renewable energies into its energy mix. The efficient use of renewable energy resources can boost economic development. Thus, the policies for endorsing renewable energies and energy efficiency are playing a vital role in ensuring the sustainable development for Vietnam’s future. This paper examines the legal and policy framework influencing the deployment of renewable energies and energy efficiency in Vietnam. The paper also attempts to identify major barriers to a large scale deployment of renewable energies and energy efficiency technologies and offers some possible solutions.

As Vietnam integrated deeply into the world economy, higher institutions are on a rise and faced with strong competition, university brand management has played an increasingly important role. Following brand equity theories and customer based brand equity models, the paper proposes an analytical framework which adopts Aeker’s four components (1991) including brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality and brand loyalty in order to enhance the value of brand equity for higher institutions in Vietnam.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in the economic growth of Vietnam, contributing to nearly 22 per cent of the GDP. To attract FDI the government has committed to promoting investment climate and ensuring FDI protection under various international arrangements. FDI inflows into the manufacturing and processing sectors have seen a strong increase after Vietnam’s successful accession to the WTO. However, FDI also contributes to various environmental problems and challenges in Vietnam. From 2008 to 2017, most serious environmental disputes related to manufacturing activities were caused by FDI enterprises. The sanctions against FDI enterprises, however, may jeopardise the state’s responsibilities under investment protection treaties. One of the few realistic approaches to strengthening the environmental management of FDI is to promote the participation of the public in the environmental risk assessment and amend the investment treaties to regulate the issue of environment management. This study will adopt an integrative approach by integrating the rules and principles of environmental management into the FDI regime of Vietnam.

This thesis researches on the status of expenditure statement budget managements in Nam Dinh province in previous years. In detail, this thesis focus on analysis about development investment expenditure and regular expenditure to find out achievements, limitations, reasons and solutions to improve statement expenditure managements in Nam Dinh province in the coming time. This thesis used some kind of qualitative methods, like: data collection and statistic; synthetic and analysis documents; comparison between collected documents about relevant problems. Beside achievements, key finding of this research showed that the management of investment capital from statement budget is not really effective; distribution norm and using budget for regular expenditure are not suitable with the reality; estimation listing and distribution are not integration and still be emotional; estimation has been built in short term; staff resource is deficient and limit the qualification… Since, suggest the solutions to improve statement expenditure management in Nam Dinh province, including four key solutions and other solutions. Solutions have been arranged by important level which relevant to key limitations by period in statement expenditure management in Nam Dinh province.

The Provincial Competitiveness Index (PCI) is used to assess the local attractiveness to investors in Vietnam. However, studies on how the assessment of investors including private enterprises on the components of PCI relates to their satisfaction with local business environment are still sparse. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of private enterprise satisfaction with PCI components on their satisfaction with the local business environment. Through the survey carried out in Phu Tho, the results showed: (1) the level of private firm satisfaction with PCI components; (2) the effect of satisfaction with each PCI component variable on the overall satisfaction with that factor; (3) the effect of satisfaction with PCI components on private firm satisfaction with local business environment. Following the quantitative research, qualitative research by in-depth interviews with individual investors was conducted to find out the causes and suggestion for some solutions to improve the level of business satisfaction and PCI of a province. Keywords Provincial competitive advantage, PCI, Phu Tho, satisfaction. References [1] Michael E.Porter, “The Competitive Advantage of Nationss, New York Press, 1990.[2] Bộ GTVT, Dự án VIE 01/025-2004 Nâng cao Năng lực cạnh tranh Quốc gia, NXB Giao thông Vận tải, 2004.[3] Edmund Malesky, Desky, Đậu Anh Tuấn, Phạm Ngọc Thạch, Lê Thanh Lan, Nguyễn Ngọc Hà, Nguyễn Lê Hằng, Nguyễn Thị Thu, “Chỉ số Năng lực cạnh tranh cấp tỉnh của Việt Nam năm 2015: Đánh giá chất lượng điều hành kinh tế để thúc đẩy phát triển doanh nghiệp”, PCI Vietnam, 2015.[4] Nhóm nghiên cứu PCI, “Báo cáo PCI năm 2013”, PCIvietnam. URL: http://pcivietnam.org/an-pham/bao-cao-pci-2013/ [5] Đậu Anh Tuấn, “Môi trường đầu tư kinh doanh qua góc nhìn của doanh nghiệp có vốn đầu tư nước ngoài trong các cuộc điều tra chỉ số năng lực cạnh tranh cấp tỉnh”, Kỷ yếu Diễn đàn Kinh tế mùa Xuân 2015, 2015.[6] Nguyễn Tiến Lâm, “Giải pháp nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh cấp tỉnh, nghiên cứu trường hợp tỉnh Phú Thọ”, Luận án Tiến sĩ, Đại học Kinh tế và Quản trị Kinh doanh, 2013. [7] Khổng Văn Thắng, “Phân tích các chỉ số năng lực cạnh tranh thành phần năm 2013 nhằm đề xuất các giải pháp nâng cao chỉ số năng lực cạnh tranh chung: Nghiên cứu trường hợp tỉnh Bắc Ninh”, Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Đại học Quảng Bình, 3(1), 2014.[8] Nguyễn Hồng Sơn, Phạm Sỹ An, “Thu hút các nguồn vốn để phát triển tỉnh Hà Giang”, Tạp chí Khoa học: Kinh tế và Kinh doanh - ĐHQGHN, 27(3), (2016).[9] Nguyễn Quốc Huy, “Giải pháp cải thiện chỉ số Chi phí không chính thức nhằm nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của tỉnh Quảng Trị”, Luận án Tiến sĩ, Trường Đại học Kinh tế Huế, 2018.[10] Đinh Hồ Ngọc Hạnh, “Phân tích năng lực cạnh tranh: Nghiên cứu so sánh tỉnh Kiên Giang và các tỉnh lân cận nhằm nâng cao năng lực thu hút đầu tư”, Luận văn thạc sĩ, Trường Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2017.[11] Đỗ Viầu tư”, Luận văn thạc sĩ, Trường Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2017.ng và các tỉnh lân cận nhằm nâng cao năng lực thu hút đầuỉnha mức độ hài lòng của đối với từng yế Đại học Kinh tế Đà Nẵng, 2017. [12] Fulbright, “Marketing đthạc sĩ, Trường Đại học Kinh tế Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2017.ng và các tỉnh lân cận nhằm nâng cao năng lực [13] Hoàng Thanh Vân, “Chỉ số năng lực cạnh tranh cấp tỉnh (PCI) nhìn từ góc độ marketing địa phương”, Hội thảo quốc tế Việt Nam học năm 2015 (lần thứ 4), Tiểu ban Kinh tế, 2015.

In the past three decades, the world has witnessed the fast economic growth of Vietnam, which has become one of the most attractive destinations for foreign direct investment in the region. Vietnam has also actively participated in the world trading system since its successful accession to the WTO. With increasing cross-border transactions between Vietnam and the rest of the world, so too has the need for resolution of business disputes. Of the various ways to settle disputes in Vietnam between Vietnamese business entities and foreign parties, arbitration is the most popular. This is so in part because Vietnam has promoted arbitration as the preferred method for dealing with international commercial disputes. A legal framework on commercial arbitration compatible with internationally recognized principles and norms of arbitration has also been developed in Vietnam since 2003. The country has also joined the New York Convention 1958 on recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards (“New York Convention”). However, to date Vietnam’s record with respect to the enforcement arbitral awards leaves much to be desired as there are still some doctrinal obstacles to enforcement of arbitral awards and procedural issues in regard to the matters.This paper will briefly overview the regulatory framework on recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in Vietnam, particularly the foreign arbitral awards and analyse the shortcomings in its application to propose some solutions for regulatory and doctrinal reforms. The author main argument is that development of liberal arbitration environment is critical to Vietnam’s trade and investment interests.