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Integration of substance use disorder (SUD) treatment and HIV care can increase antiretroviral therapy coverage among people with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, implementation of integrated treatment models remains limited. Stigma towards people with OUD poses a barrier to initiation of, and adherence to, HIV treatment. We sought to understand the extent of stigma towards SUD and HIV among people with OUD in Vietnam, and the effect of stigma on integrated OUD and HIV treatment services utilization. Between 2013 and 2015, we conducted in-depth interviews with 43 patients and 43 providers at 7 methadone clinics and 8 HIV clinics across 4 provinces in Vietnam. We used thematic analysis with a mixed deductive and inductive approach at the semantic level to analyze key topics. Two main themes were identified: (1) Confidentiality concerns about HIV status make patients reluctant to receive integrated care at HIV clinics, given the requirements for daily buprenorphine dosing at HIV clinics. (2) Provider stigma existed mostly toward people with OUD and seemed to center on the belief that substance use causes a deterioration in one's morals, and was most frequently manifested in the form of providers' apprehensive approach towards patients. Concerns regarding stigmatization may cause patients to feel reluctant to receive treatment for both OUD and HIV at a single integrated clinic. Interventions to reduce stigma at the clinic and policy levels may thus serve to improve initiation of and adherence to integrated care.

In the context of the country's economic development and deep integration, the role of soft skills is more and more appreciated, especially for pedagogical students in general and students of Hanoi National University of Education in particular. Soft skills not only help pedagogical students in the learning process but also bring great value to the development of a teacher's career in the future. Therefore, the training and practice of soft skills are increasingly focused. Using the sociological survey method to survey 103 students of Hanoi National University of Education, mainly third and fourth years (courses 69 and 68), the report analyzed the current situation, training needs, and then proposed some solutions to improve the quality of soft skills training for pedagogical students.

In the two sets of language arts textbooks in Singapore (My pals are here! English 2) and in Vietnam (Chan troi sang tao, Grade 2), there is a pair of reading texts with the same topic about the behavior of the characters. In this article, we adopted the Appraisal Framework (Martin and White, 2005) to analyze the evaluative language used in the two texts. From the analysis, we compared the similarities and differences in the way evaluation is expressed through language. The research findings can not only help textbook writers consider making more suggestions about the materials included in the curriculum, but also help teachers develop teaching materials as well as preparing lesson plans. The ultimate goal is to make contributions to the teaching of the new textbooks more effectively.

Pericardial calcification (PC) typically appears following pericarditis or trauma. The aetiologies of other conditions, such as chronic idiopathic pericarditis, post-cardiac surgery, and mediastinal irradiation, can result in the development of calcified pericardium. This case reports an encounter treating constrictive pericardium which is a belt ring resulting in cardiac champer malformation.

This paper aims to present concepts of authentic assessment (AA) and AA tasks, one of the remarkable points compared with other assessment forms. Through some authors' researches, the article presents characteristics of AA tasks to distinguish other learning tasks, such as AA tasks must have problems posed in the contexts associated with real-life; AA tasks require students to use high-order thinking; AA tasks require students to respond by creating real products or quality performances; AA tasks orient the criteria to assess the students' performance results. In addition, several AA tasks in teaching Mathematics towards developing competencies for primary school students are designed and analyzed to clarify typical features of AA tasks.

Teaching competency is an important component of the professional competencies of teacher training curriculum. This article analyzes the results of final year pre-service teachers self-assessment on their teaching competence and difficulties in developing it. Participants were 316 fourth-year preservice teachers of three major pedagogical universities in Vietnam: Hanoi National University of Education, The University of Danang - University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education. The results show that final year preservice teachers selfassess their teaching competence at a good level; in which there are some components that are not good and have many difficulties to develop such as: Supporting students with special needs in learning; Differentiated teaching; Selecting and using teaching methods, facilities and forms of teaching organization. The results of this study are expected useful for developing teaching competence of preservice teachers and aiming to diversify assessment methods in education and training, including learners' self-assessment, contributing to improving the effectiveness of teacher training.

In this study, zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with Sn thin films were deposited on the glass substrate at 550 °C by dip-coating technique using the solution synthesized by sol-gel method. The structural, surface morphology, optical and photocatalytic property of thin films were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the Sn-doping greatly changed the microstructure, morphology and optical properties of ZnO films, which may contribute to the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Additionally, the photocatalytic activity was investigated using methylene blue dye under solar irradiation, with has high UV index from 7 to 8. The results indicated that Sn-doped ZnO had a higher photocatalytic activity and Sn dopant greatly increased the photocatalytic activity of ZnO thin film.

Sulfur in SBB has been found to occur in three different forms: (1) chemically bonded, (2) dissolved in bitum, and (3) crystalline sulfur which generally exists in the form of discrete tiny particles dispersed in asphalt depending on sulfur content was added to bitumen, mixing temperature and time of a given mixture. At extraction temperatures (20 and 50oC), sulfur crystallizes and acts as a filling agent. It organizes the structure of the asphalt concrete and increases the thermal stability, hardness, and resistance of asphalt concrete to rutting. Due to the progressive restructuring of the modified sulfur in the mixture, the paving mixture made with modified sulfur takes several days to develop its final strength. This paper investigates the effect of time on the properties of SBB and HMAS. Experimental results show that by the time, the crystallization of sulfur in SBB has effects on SBB properties (penetration, softening temperature) and HMAS properties (Marshall stability, Marshall flow)

Social work students are coping with challenges in the community development field instruction (CDFI) program. Therefore, this study aims to find out problems in CDFI program among social work students in Hanoi, Vietnam. The total number of quantitative study participants was 30, and eight (8) social work students participated in in-depth interviews. Our results showed that problems in the CDFI program include personal, community, and supervision problems. These problems posed a challenge to social work students. We had suggestions to stakeholders to improve CDFI program.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polymers produced by microbes as reserve material when they were cultured in a limitation of nutrients and excess C source mediums. PHAs can be synthesized by various bacteria including gram positive and gram-negative bacteria. Among the PHA-producing gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus sp. produce and accumulate various monomer compositions of PHAs. In this study, about 83,3% of strains (05/06 strains) can accumulate PHAs production. Bacillus sp. DV01 accumulated a amount of PHA 23,9% of CWD after 96h when cultured in modified basal medium containing 1% (w/v) glucose. Bacillus sp. DV01 was identified by sequecing the gene coding for 16S rRNA. BLAST results showed the obtained 16S rRNA sequence of this strain revealed 100% with the Bacillus megaterium and so-called Bacillus megaterium DV01.

BackgroundOne hundred days after SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in Vietnam on January 23rd, 270 cases have been confirmed, with no deaths. We describe the control measures used by the Government and their relationship with imported and domestically-acquired case numbers, with the aim of identifying the measures associated with successful SARS-CoV-2 control.MethodsClinical and demographic data on the first 270 SARS-CoV-2 infected cases and the timing and nature of Government control measures, including numbers of tests and quarantined individuals, were captured by Vietnam’s National Steering Committee for COVID-19 response. Apple and Google mobility data provided proxies for population movement. Serial intervals were calculated from 33 infector-infectee pairs and used to estimate the proportion of pre-symptomatic transmission events and time-varying reproduction numbers.FindingsAfter the first confirmed case on January 23rd, the Vietnamese Government initiated mass communications measures, case-contact tracing, mandatory 14-day quarantine, school and university closures, and progressive flight restrictions. A national lockdown was implemented between April 1st and 22nd. Around 200 000 people were quarantined and 266 122 RT-PCR tests conducted. Population mobility decreased progressively before lockdown. 60% (163/270) of cases were imported; 43% (89/208) of resolved infections remained asymptomatic for the duration of infection. 21 developed severe disease, with no deaths. The serial interval was 3.24 days, and 27.5% (95% confidence interval, 15.7%-40.0%) of transmissions occurred pre-symptomatically. Limited transmission amounted to a maximum reproduction number of 1.15 (95% confidence interval, 0.37-2.36). No community transmission has been detected since April 15th.InterpretationVietnam has controlled SARS-CoV-2 spread through the early introduction of mass communication, meticulous contact-tracing with strict quarantine, and international travel restrictions. The value of these interventions is supported by the high proportion of asymptomatic and imported cases, and evidence for substantial pre-symptomatic transmission.FundingThe Vietnam Ministry of Health and Wellcome Trust, UK.Research in contextEvidence before this studyVietnam was one of the first countries outside of China to detect imported and human-to-human transmitted SARS-CoV-2 within its borders. Yet, as of May 1st, a total of only 270 cases have been confirmed, no deaths have occurred, and no community transmission has been detected since April 15th despite intensive screening, tracing and testing. We did a PubMed database search to identify studies investigating COVID-19 response in Vietnam using the terms “Vietnam”, “COVID-19”, and “SARS-CoV-2”. All relevant articles were evaluated. Studies describe cases of COVID-19 and their management, aspects of the government response from newspapers and online government sources, but there are no previous reports using national data to describe and investigate the national epidemic and the impact of control measures cases over time.Added value of this studyWe used data from the National Steering Committee for COVID-19 response to give a comprehensive account of the first 100 days of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Vietnam, including case numbers and their symptomatology, the estimated reproductive number by week, and their relation to the multiple control measures instituted by the Vietnam Government over time. We show two distinctive features of Vietnam’s response. First, the Government took rapid actions to restrict international flights, closed schools and universities, and instituted meticulous case-contact tracing and quarantining from late January, well before these measures were advised by WHO. Second, they placed mass communication, education, and the identification, serial testing, and 14-day quarantine of all direct contacts of cases, regardless of symptom development, at the heart of the response. The value of strict contact-tracing and quarantine is supported by the high proportion of asymptomatic cases (43%) and imported cases (60%), and evidence for substantial pre-symptomatic transmission.Implications of all the available evidenceVietnam has had remarkable success in controlling the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Our report provides a complete picture of the control of SARS-CoV-2 in Vietnam, with lessons for other Governments seeking to extend national SARS-CoV-2 control or prevent future epidemics. Our findings shows the importance of acting early, before the virus becomes established in the community, and before the case numbers overwhelm systems of case-contact tracing and mass quarantine. They also demonstrate the value of effective mass communication in rapidly educating the public in infection prevention measures and providing real-time information on the state of the epidemic.