1,388 results on '"Translational Research, Biomedical trends"'
Search Results
2. Innovation at the Intersection: Emerging Translational Research in Neurology and Psychiatry.
- Author
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Tanaka M, Battaglia S, Giménez-Llort L, Chen C, Hepsomali P, Avenanti A, and Vécsei L
- Subjects
- Humans, Mental Disorders therapy, Nervous System Diseases therapy, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Psychiatry methods, Neurology
- Abstract
Translational research in neurological and psychiatric diseases is a rapidly advancing field that promises to redefine our approach to these complex conditions [...].
- Published
- 2024
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3. Bridging minds and policies: supporting early career researchers in translating computational psychiatry research.
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Marzuki AA and Lim TV
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- Humans, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Research Personnel, Computational Biology trends, Psychiatry trends
- Published
- 2024
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4. What Is Hot and New in Basic and Translational Science in Liver Transplantation in 2023? Report of the Basic and Translational Research Committee of the International Liver Transplantation Society.
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Bonaccorsi-Riani E, Ghinolfi D, Czigany Z, Dondossola D, Emamaullee J, Yuksel M, Boteon YL, Al-Adra D, Ho CM, Abdelrahim M, Pang L, Barbas A, Meier R, MacParland S, Sayed BA, Pavan-Guimaraes J, Brüggenwirth IMA, Zarrinpar A, Mas VR, Selzner M, Martins PN, and Bhat M
- Subjects
- Humans, COVID-19 epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, Societies, Medical, Congresses as Topic, Liver Transplantation trends, Translational Research, Biomedical organization & administration, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
The 2023 Joint Annual Congress of the International Liver Transplantation Society, European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association, and Liver Intensive Care Group of Europe were held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, from May 3 to 6, 2023. This year, all speakers were invited to attend the Congress in person for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. The congress was attended by 1159 registered delegates from 54 countries representing 5 continents, with the 10 countries comprising the bulk of the delegates. Of the 647 abstracts initially submitted, 542 were eventually presented at the meeting, coming from 38 countries (mainly North America, Europe, and Asia) and 85% of them (462 abstracts) came from only 10 countries. Fifty-three (9.8%) abstracts, originated from 17 countries, were submitted under the Basic/Translational Scientific Research category, a similar percentage as in 2022. Abstracts presented at the meeting were classified as (1) ischemia and reperfusion injury, (2) machine perfusion, (3) bioengineering and liver regeneration, (4) transplant oncology, (5) novel biomarkers in liver transplantation, (6) liver immunology (rejection and tolerance), and (7) artificial intelligence and machine learning. Finally, we evaluated the number of abstracts commented in the Basic and Translational Research Committee-International Liver Transplantation Society annual reports over the past 5 y that resulted in publications in peer-reviewed journals to measure their scientific impact in the field of liver transplantation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no funding or conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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5. The past, present, and future of liver cancer research in China.
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Sun L, Yang Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang B, and Shi R
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- Humans, China epidemiology, Liver Neoplasms epidemiology, Liver Neoplasms therapy, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Liver cancer is among the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide and China accounts for nearly half of the global burden of liver cancer. Effective interventions such as hepatitis vaccinations, new blood tests and imaging tests significantly decreased the incidence worldwide, especially in China. Unraveling the systemic and molecular mechanisms of liver cancer would contribute to develop more effective therapies to prolong the 5 year survival of the patients. The Chinese funding agencies have been paying high attention to the basic and translational research of liver cancer. Over the last decade, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) initiated a panel of research programs which supported liver cancer research in multiple directions. Besides, great progress has been made in basic and clinical research, platform construction and drug development in the field of liver cancer. In this article, we summarized the funding landscape, research progress, cooperation among countries and institutions, and drug discovery in China, with an attempt to compare the status and outcome with our peers globally., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2023
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6. A call to action for translational sciences in COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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Wan KK, Davis D, Lee TN, Ford-Scheimer SL, Andreu AL, Bietrix F, Bryans J, Castro MT, Chiba N, Faupel-Badger JM, Haynes B, Hirasawa R, Morel CM, Souza TML, Morrow D, Munro T, Newman S, Ussi AE, Zorzal PB, Hall MD, Lo DC, and Cutillo CM
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- Communication Barriers, Drug Development, Forecasting, Global Health standards, Global Health trends, Humans, International Cooperation, Public Health, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Civil Defense organization & administration, Civil Defense trends, Communicable Disease Control methods, Communicable Disease Control organization & administration, Communicable Disease Control trends, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Translational Research, Biomedical standards, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
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- 2022
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7. Universities' Scientific and Technological Transformation in China: Its Efficiency and Influencing Factors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
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Zou L and Zhu YW
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- China, Economic Development trends, Efficiency, Humans, Inventions economics, Investments, Knowledge, Rivers, Sustainable Development trends, Technology economics, Technology trends, Universities economics, Translational Research, Biomedical economics, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Universities trends
- Abstract
Universities are important sources of knowledge and key members of the regional innovation system. The key problem in Chinese universities is the low efficiency of the scientific and technological (S&T) transformation, which limits the promotion of regional innovation and economic development. This article proposes the three-stage efficiency analytical framework, which regards it as a complex and interactive process. Avoiding the problem of considering the input and output of university S&T transformation as a "black box" and neglecting the links among different transformation stages. The super efficiency network SBM model is applied to the heterogeneous region of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Empirical research proves that university S&T transformation has not been effectively improved and the scientific resources invested in universities have not been efficiently utilized in recent years. Generally, Despite the correlation between regional economy and transformation efficiency, the exclusive increase in resources is not enough. Regional openness and the quality of research talents are key factors for the application of technological innovation and technology marketization. Universities should not only pursue the number of research outputs but pay more attention to high-quality knowledge production to overcome difficulties in research achievements transformation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2021
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8. Cancer stem cells: advances in biology and clinical translation-a Keystone Symposia report.
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Cable J, Pei D, Reid LM, Wang XW, Bhatia S, Karras P, Melenhorst JJ, Grompe M, Lathia JD, Song E, Kuo CJ, Zhang N, White RM, Ma SK, Ma L, Chin YR, Shen MM, Ng IOL, Kaestner KH, Zhou L, Sikandar S, Schmitt CA, Guo W, Wong CC, Ji J, Tang DG, Dubrovska A, Yang C, Wiedemeyer WR, and Weissman IL
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- Animals, Biomarkers, Tumor genetics, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Humans, Neoplasms metabolism, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Congresses as Topic trends, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplastic Stem Cells physiology, Research Report, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Tumor Microenvironment physiology
- Abstract
The test for the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis is to find a target expressed on all, and only CSCs in a patient tumor, then eliminate all cells with that target that eliminates the cancer. That test has not yet been achieved, but CSC diagnostics and targets found on CSCs and some other cells have resulted in a few clinically relevant therapies. However, it has become apparent that eliminating the subset of tumor cells characterized by self-renewal properties is essential for long-term tumor control. CSCs are able to regenerate and initiate tumor growth, recapitulating the heterogeneity present in the tumor before treatment. As great progress has been made in identifying and elucidating the biology of CSCs as well as their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, the time seems ripe for novel therapeutic strategies that target CSCs to find clinical applicability. On May 19-21, 2021, researchers in cancer stem cells met virtually for the Keystone eSymposium "Cancer Stem Cells: Advances in Biology and Clinical Translation" to discuss recent advances in the understanding of CSCs as well as clinical efforts to target these populations., (© 2021 New York Academy of Sciences.)
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- 2021
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9. Editorial: Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Aldosteronism: from Clinical Origin to Translational Research.
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Wu WC, Wei Q, and Wu VC
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- Adrenergic beta-Antagonists therapeutic use, Humans, Hyperaldosteronism genetics, Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists therapeutic use, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Treatment Outcome, Hyperaldosteronism diagnosis, Hyperaldosteronism therapy, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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- 2021
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10. Basic and Translational Research in Cardiac Repair and Regeneration: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.
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Zhang J, Bolli R, Garry DJ, Marbán E, Menasché P, Zimmermann WH, Kamp TJ, Wu JC, and Dzau VJ
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- Animals, Blood Vessel Prosthesis trends, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy methods, Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy trends, Heart Failure physiopathology, Humans, Myocardial Infarction physiopathology, Myocytes, Cardiac physiology, Myocytes, Cardiac transplantation, Regenerative Medicine trends, Review Literature as Topic, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Heart Failure therapy, Myocardial Infarction therapy, Regeneration physiology, Regenerative Medicine methods, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Ventricular Remodeling physiology
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This paper aims to provide an important update on the recent preclinical and clinical trials using cell therapy strategies and engineered heart tissues for the treatment of postinfarction left ventricular remodeling and heart failure. In addition to the authors' own works and opinions on the roadblocks of the field, they discuss novel approaches for cardiac remuscularization via the activation of proliferative mechanisms in resident cardiomyocytes or direct reprogramming of somatic cells into cardiomyocytes. This paper's main mindset is to present current and future strategies in light of their implications for the design of future patient trials with the ultimate objective of facilitating the translation of discoveries in regenerative myocardial therapies to the clinic., Competing Interests: Funding Support and Author Disclosures This work was supported in part by the NIH UO1 HL134764. Dr Garry is the cofounder of NorthStar Genomics with no compensation. Dr Marbán has significant equity in Capricor Inc. Dr Zimmermann is founder and advisor of Repairon GmbH with no compensation. Dr Kamp has received modest compensation as a consultant for FujifilmCDI. Dr Wu is cofounder and advisor of Khloris Biosciences. Dr Dzau served on the Medtronic board until 2014, and received deferred compensation until 2018. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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11. Emerging technologies and infection models in cellular microbiology.
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López-Jiménez AT and Mostowy S
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- Animals, Anti-Infective Agents therapeutic use, Artificial Intelligence, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical methods, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical trends, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Infections microbiology, Microscopy trends, Organoids, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Cytological Techniques, Infections drug therapy, Microbiological Techniques, Microscopy methods
- Abstract
The field of cellular microbiology, rooted in the co-evolution of microbes and their hosts, studies intracellular pathogens and their manipulation of host cell machinery. In this review, we highlight emerging technologies and infection models that recently promoted opportunities in cellular microbiology. We overview the explosion of microscopy techniques and how they reveal unprecedented detail at the host-pathogen interface. We discuss the incorporation of robotics and artificial intelligence to image-based screening modalities, biochemical mapping approaches, as well as dual RNA-sequencing techniques. Finally, we describe chips, organoids and animal models used to dissect biophysical and in vivo aspects of the infection process. As our knowledge of the infected cell improves, cellular microbiology holds great promise for development of anti-infective strategies with translational applications in human health., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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12. Special Issue "Microglia Heterogeneity and Its Relevance for Translational Research".
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Michelucci A, Miron VE, and Priller J
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- Alzheimer Disease genetics, Alzheimer Disease pathology, Animals, Cell Communication, Central Nervous System metabolism, Central Nervous System pathology, Humans, Intracranial Aneurysm genetics, Intracranial Aneurysm pathology, Microglia pathology, Neurons pathology, Parkinson Disease genetics, Parkinson Disease pathology, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Alzheimer Disease metabolism, Intracranial Aneurysm metabolism, Microglia metabolism, Neurons metabolism, Parkinson Disease metabolism
- Abstract
Microglia are necessary for the development and function of the central nervous system (CNS) [...].
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- 2021
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13. A decade retrospective of medical robotics research from 2010 to 2020.
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Dupont PE, Nelson BJ, Goldfarb M, Hannaford B, Menciassi A, O'Malley MK, Simaan N, Valdastri P, and Yang GZ
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- History, 21st Century, Humans, Laparoscopy, Prosthesis Design, Publications, Research Personnel, Robotics history, Translational Research, Biomedical history, Robotic Surgical Procedures, Robotics trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Robotics is a forward-looking discipline. Attention is focused on identifying the next grand challenges. In an applied field such as medical robotics, however, it is important to plan the future based on a clear understanding of what the research community has recently accomplished and where this work stands with respect to clinical needs and commercialization. This Review article identifies and analyzes the eight key research themes in medical robotics over the past decade. These thematic areas were identified using search criteria that identified the most highly cited papers of the decade. Our goal for this Review article is to provide an accessible way for readers to quickly appreciate some of the most exciting accomplishments in medical robotics over the past decade; for this reason, we have focused only on a small number of seminal papers in each thematic area. We hope that this article serves to foster an entrepreneurial spirit in researchers to reduce the widening gap between research and translation.
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- 2021
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14. CRISPR-derived genome editing therapies: Progress from bench to bedside.
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Rees HA, Minella AC, Burnett CA, Komor AC, and Gaudelli NM
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- Animals, CRISPR-Associated Protein 9, Clinical Trials as Topic, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, Gene Transfer Techniques, Genetic Engineering, Humans, Models, Animal, RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Recombinational DNA Repair, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Gene Editing methods, Genetic Therapy methods, Genetic Therapy trends
- Abstract
The development of CRISPR-derived genome editing technologies has enabled the precise manipulation of DNA sequences within the human genome. In this review, we discuss the initial development and cellular mechanism of action of CRISPR nucleases and DNA base editors. We then describe factors that must be taken into consideration when developing these tools into therapeutic agents, including the potential for unintended and off-target edits when using these genome editing tools, and methods to characterize these types of edits. We finish by considering specific challenges associated with bringing a CRISPR-based therapy to the clinic, including manufacturing, regulatory oversight, and considerations for clinical trials that involve genome editing agents., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests H.A.R., A.C.M., and N.M.G. are employees of Beam Therapeutics and are shareholders in the company. C.A.B. declares no competing interests. A.C.K. is a member of the SAB of Pairwise Plants, is an equity holder for Pairwise Plants and Beam Therapeutics, and receives royalties from Pairwise Plants, Beam Therapeutics, and Editas Medicine via patents licensed from Harvard University. A.C.K.’s interests have been reviewed and approved by the University of California San Diego in accordance with its conflict of interest policies., (Copyright © 2021 The American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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15. Clinical Design and Analysis Strategies for the Development of Gene Therapies: Considerations for Quantitative Drug Development in the Age of Genetic Medicine.
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McIntosh A, Sverdlov O, Yu L, and Kaufmann P
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- Drug Development trends, Genetic Therapy trends, Humans, Pharmacogenetics trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Clinical Trials as Topic methods, Drug Development methods, Genetic Therapy methods, Pharmacogenetics methods, Translational Research, Biomedical methods
- Abstract
Cell and gene therapies have shown enormous promise across a range of diseases in recent years. Numerous adoptive cell therapy modalities as well as systemic and direct-to-target tissue gene transfer administrations are currently in clinical development. The clinical trial design, development, reporting, and analysis of novel cell and gene therapies can differ significantly from established practices for small molecule drugs and biologics. Here, we discuss important quantitative considerations and key competencies for drug developers in preclinical requirements, trial design, and lifecycle planning for gene therapies. We argue that the unique development path of gene therapies requires practicing quantitative drug developers-statisticians, pharmacometricians, pharmacokineticists, epidemiologists, and medical and translational science leads-to exercise active collaboration and cross-functional learning across development stages., (© 2021 The Authors. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics © 2021 American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)
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- 2021
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16. Microbiota in Health and Disease-Potential Clinical Applications.
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Laudes M, Geisler C, Rohmann N, Bouwman J, Pischon T, and Schlicht K
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- Animals, Energy Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Humans, Immune System microbiology, Inflammation microbiology, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Chronic Disease, Microbiota, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Within the last two decades tremendous efforts in biomedicine have been undertaken to understand the interplay of commensal bacteria living in and on our human body with our own human physiology. It became clear that (1) a high diversity especially of the microbial communities in the gut are important to preserve health and that (2) certain bacteria via nutrition-microbe-host metabolic axes are beneficially affecting various functions of the host, including metabolic control, energy balance and immune function. While a large set of evidence indicate a special role for small chain fatty acids (SCFA) in that context, recently also metabolites of amino acids (e.g., tryptophan and arginine) moved into scientific attention. Of interest, microbiome alterations are not only important in nutrition associated diseases like obesity and diabetes, but also in many chronic inflammatory, oncological and neurological abnormalities. From a clinician's point of view, it should be mentioned, that the microbiome is not only interesting to develop novel therapies, but also as a modifiable factor to improve efficiency of modern pharmaceutics, e.g., immune-therapeutics in oncology. However, so far, most data rely on animal experiments or human association studies, whereas controlled clinical intervention studies are spare. Hence, the translation of the knowledge of the last decades into clinical routine will be the challenge of microbiome based biomedical research for the next years. This review aims to provide examples for future clinical applications in various entities and to suggest bacterial species and/or microbial effector molecules as potential targets for intervention studies.
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- 2021
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17. Translational psychopharmacology.
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Young AH
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- Animals, Humans, Mental Disorders therapy, Psychopharmacology methods, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
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- 2021
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18. The application of molecular imaging to advance translational research in chronic inflammation.
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Zhou W, Dey A, Manyak G, Teklu M, Patel N, Teague H, and Mehta NN
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- Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 administration & dosage, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 therapeutic use, Humans, Inflammation physiopathology, Molecular Imaging trends, Radiopharmaceuticals administration & dosage, Radiopharmaceuticals therapeutic use, Stress, Psychological complications, Stress, Psychological diagnostic imaging, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Inflammation diagnosis, Molecular Imaging methods, Translational Research, Biomedical instrumentation
- Abstract
Over the past several decades, molecular imaging techniques to assess cellular processes in vivo have been integral in advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis.
18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in particular has shaped the field of atherosclerosis research by highlighting the importance of underlying inflammatory processes that are responsible for driving disease progression. The ability to assess physiology using molecular imaging, combining it with anatomic delineation using cardiac coronary angiography (CCTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and lab-based techniques, provides a powerful combination to advance both research and ultimately clinical care. In this review, we demonstrate how molecular imaging studies, specifically using 18-FDG PET, have revealed that early vascular disease is a systemic process with multiple, concurrent biological mechanisms using inflammatory diseases as a basis to understand early atherosclerotic mechanisms in humans., (© 2020. This is a U.S. government work and its text is not subject to copyright protection in the United States; however, its text may be subject to foreign copyright protection.)- Published
- 2021
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19. New insights into the microbiota of wild mice.
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Kwon HK and Seong JK
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- Animals, Animals, Wild genetics, Humans, Mice, Models, Animal, Animals, Wild microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Laboratory mice have long been an invaluable tool in biomedical science and have made significant contributions in research into life-threatening diseases. However, the translation of research results from mice to humans often proves difficult due to the incomplete nature of laboratory animal-based research. Hence, there is increasing demand for complementary methods or alternatives to laboratory mice that can better mimic human physiological traits and potentially bridge the translational research gap. Under these circumstances, the natural/naturalized mice including "wild", "dirty", "wildling", and "wilded" systems have been found to better reflect some aspects of human pathophysiology. Here, we discuss the pros and cons of the laboratory mouse system and contemplate how wild mice and wild microbiota are able to help in refining such systems to better mimic the real-world situation and contribute to more productive translational research., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
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- 2021
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20. Clinical approval of nanotechnology-based SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines: impact on translational nanomedicine.
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Milane L and Amiji M
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- COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 genetics, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 Vaccines genetics, Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic methods, Humans, Nanomedicine trends, Nanotechnology trends, RNA, Messenger administration & dosage, RNA, Messenger genetics, SARS-CoV-2 genetics, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Vaccines, Synthetic genetics, mRNA Vaccines, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, Drug Approval methods, Nanomedicine methods, Nanotechnology methods, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Vaccines, Synthetic administration & dosage
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One year after the first human case of SARS-CoV-2, two nanomedicine-based mRNA vaccines have been fast-tracked, developed, and have received emergency use authorization throughout the globe with more vaccine approvals on the heels of these first two. Several SARS-CoV-2 vaccine compositions use nanotechnology-enabled formulations. A silver lining of the COVID-19 pandemic is that the fast-tracked vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 has advanced the clinical translation pathway for nanomedicine drug delivery systems. The laboratory science of lipid-based nanoparticles was ready and rose to the clinical challenge of rapid vaccine development. The successful development and fast tracking of SARS-CoV-2 nanomedicine vaccines has exciting implications for the future of nanotechnology-enabled drug and gene delivery; it demonstrates that nanomedicine is necessary and critical to the successful delivery of advanced molecular therapeutics such as nucleic acids, it is establishing the precedent of safety and the population effect of phase four clinical trials, and it is laying the foundation for the clinical translation of more complex, non-lipid nanomedicines. The development, fast-tracking, and approval of SARS-CoV-2 nanotechnology-based vaccines has transformed the seemingly daunting challenges for clinically translating nanomedicines into measurable hurdles that can be overcome. Due to the tremendous scientific achievements that have occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, years, perhaps even decades, have been streamlined for certain translational nanomedicines.
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- 2021
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21. Precision oncology in metastatic colorectal cancer - from biology to medicine.
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Di Nicolantonio F, Vitiello PP, Marsoni S, Siena S, Tabernero J, Trusolino L, Bernards R, and Bardelli A
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- Animals, Colorectal Neoplasms pathology, Evidence-Based Medicine methods, Evidence-Based Medicine trends, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Colorectal Neoplasms therapy, Precision Medicine methods, Precision Medicine trends
- Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in the development of biomarker-driven targeted therapies for patients with multiple cancer types, including melanoma, breast and lung tumours, although precision oncology for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to lag behind. Nonetheless, the availability of patient-derived CRC models coupled with in vitro and in vivo pharmacological and functional analyses over the past decade has finally led to advances in the field. Gene-specific alterations are not the only determinants that can successfully direct the use of targeted therapy. Indeed, successful inhibition of BRAF or KRAS in metastatic CRCs driven by activating mutations in these genes requires combinations of drugs that inhibit the mutant protein while at the same time restraining adaptive resistance via CRC-specific EGFR-mediated feedback loops. The emerging paradigm is, therefore, that the intrinsic biology of CRC cells must be considered alongside the molecular profiles of individual tumours in order to successfully personalize treatment. In this Review, we outline how preclinical studies based on patient-derived models have informed the design of practice-changing clinical trials. The integration of these experiences into a common framework will reshape the future design of biology-informed clinical trials in this field., (© 2021. Springer Nature Limited.)
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- 2021
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22. Implementation Science in Evidence-based Nutrition Practice: Considerations for the Registered Dietitian Nutritionist.
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Murofushi K, Badaracco C, County C, Gonzales-Pacheco D, Silzle C, Watowicz R, and Moloney L
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- Humans, Dietetics trends, Evidence-Based Practice trends, Implementation Science, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Nutrition and dietetics practice should be based on the highest-quality and most recent available evidence. Unfortunately, translating research to day-to-day practice often involves long lag times. Implementation science is an emerging field that evaluates methods that promote uptake of research findings into daily practice. Numerous theories and frameworks have been developed to provide guidance for implementation research and operationalization of recommendations. This paper provides a broad overview of implementation science and highlights frameworks such as the Normalization Process Theory that can be used by registered dietitian nutritionist (RDNs) to encourage systematic uptake of evidence into practice., (Copyright © 2021 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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23. Reimagining the peer-review system for translational health science journals.
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Smith EM
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- Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Interdisciplinary Research, Peer Group, Peer Review, Research, Periodicals as Topic, Research Design, SARS-CoV-2, Scientific Misconduct, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, COVID-19 epidemiology, Hydroxychloroquine therapeutic use, Peer Review, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
- Abstract
Retractions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) papers in high impact journals, such as The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine, have been panned as major scientific fraud in public media. The initial reaction to this news was to seek out scapegoats and blame individual authors, peer-reviewers, editors, and journals for wrong doing. This paper suggests that scapegoating a few individuals for faulty science is a myopic approach to the more profound problem with peer-review. Peer-review in its current limited form cannot be expected to adequately address the scope and complexity of large interdisciplinary science research collaboration, which is central in translational research. In addition, empirical studies on the effectiveness of traditional peer-review reveal its very real potential for bias and groupthink; as such, expectations regarding the capacity and effectiveness of the current peer review process are unrealistic. This paper proposes a new vision of peer-review in translational science that, on the one hand, would allow for early release of a manuscript to ensure expediency, whereas also creating a forum or a collective of various experts to actively comment, scrutinize, and even build on the research under review. The aim would be to not only generate open discussion and oversight respecting the quality and limitations of the research, but also to assess the extent and the means for that knowledge to translate into social benefit., (© 2021 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)
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- 2021
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24. Stimulating Research to Advance Evidence-Based Applications of Telehealth in Occupational Therapy.
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Proffitt R, Cason J, Little L, and Pickett KA
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- Evidence-Based Practice methods, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Occupational Therapy methods, Occupational Therapy psychology, SARS-CoV-2, Telemedicine methods, COVID-19, Evidence-Based Practice trends, Occupational Therapy trends, Telemedicine trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Occupational therapy focuses on therapeutic means to address participation in meaningful everyday tasks across the lifespan. No single setting is more conducive to this pursuit than individuals' authentic contexts. Occupational therapists are therefore uniquely suited to lead the charge toward stimulating research and advancing evidence-based application of telehealth. To this end, the American Occupational Therapy Foundation digitally convened their 2020 Planning Grant Collective to focus on the topic of Telehealth. Participants of the interdisciplinary collective collaboratively identified four themes: (1) Using technology to assess and intervene in the everyday context, (2) Partnerships with caregivers, (3) Telehealth delivery, and (4) Uniform data collection. Subgroups explored potential research and funding opportunities in their specialty area while also addressing the centralizing concepts of equity and diversity of telehealth delivery and COVID-19. Here, we provide a summary of the key concepts and recommendations from the 3 days of collaboration.
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- 2021
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25. The evolving landscape of untargeted metabolomics.
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Di Minno A, Gelzo M, Stornaiuolo M, Ruoppolo M, and Castaldo G
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- Animals, Diffusion of Innovation, Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Reproducibility of Results, Biomarkers metabolism, Computational Biology trends, Metabolome, Metabolomics trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Aims: Untargeted Metabolomics is a "hypothesis-generating discovery strategy" that compares groups of samples (e.g., cases vs controls); identifies the metabolome and establishes (early signs of) perturbations. Targeted Metabolomics helped gather key information in life sciences and disclosed novel strategies for the treatment of major clinical entities (e.g., malignancy, cardiovascular diabetes mellitus, drug toxicity). Because of its relevance in biomarker discovery, attention is now devoted to improving the translational potential of untargeted Metabolomics., Data Synthesis: Expertise in laboratory medicine and in bioinformatics helps solve challenges/pitfalls that may bias metabolite profiling in untargeted Metabolomics. Clinical validation (availability/reliability of analytical instruments) and profitability (how many people will use the test) are mandatory steps for potential biomarkers. Biomarkers to predict individual patient response, patient populations that will best respond to specific strategies and/or approaches for an optimal response to treatment are now being developed. Additional help is expected from professional, and regulatory Agencies as to guidelines for study design and data acquisition and analysis, to be applied from the very beginning of a project. Evidence from food, plant, human, environmental, and animal research argues for the need of miniaturized approaches that employ low-cost, easy to use, mobile devices. ELISA kits with such characteristics that employ targeted metabolites are already available., Conclusions: Improving knowledge of the mechanisms behind the disease status (pathophysiology) will help untargeted Metabolomics gather a direct positive impact on welfare and industrial advancements, and fade uncertainties perceived by regulators/payers and patients concerning variables related to miniaturised instruments and user-friendly software and databases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2021
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26. Some Thoughts From the New Editor-In-Chief.
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Jacobson BC
- Subjects
- Editorial Policies, Humans, Gastroenterology trends, Societies, Medical, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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27. Clinical Pharmacology Regulatory Sciences in Drug Development and Precision Medicine: Current Status and Emerging Trends.
- Author
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Liu Q, Ahadpour M, Rocca M, and Huang SM
- Subjects
- Drug Approval legislation & jurisprudence, Drug Development methods, Drug Development standards, Models, Biological, Pharmacology, Clinical methods, Pharmacology, Clinical standards, Translational Research, Biomedical standards, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration legislation & jurisprudence, United States Food and Drug Administration standards, Drug Development trends, Pharmacology, Clinical trends, Precision Medicine trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
In the regulatory setting, clinical pharmacology focuses on the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on inter-patient and intra-subject variability in drug exposure and response. This translational science contributes to the understanding of the benefit-risk profile in individual patients and the development of relevant therapeutic monitoring and management strategies. Clinical pharmacology also plays a major role in the development and qualification of drug development tools. This article presented some recent examples to illustrate the important roles of clinical pharmacology in drug development and evaluation. In addition, emerging trends in clinical pharmacology regulatory sciences were also discussed, including the Model-Informed Drug Development (MIDD) pilot program, the use of real-world data to generate real-world evidence, and leveraging advances in basic, biomedical, and clinical science into useful tools for drug development and evaluation. Continued advances in clinical pharmacology can be the basis of more rational and efficient drug development and improved access to new drug treatments that are tailored to the patient to achieve better efficacy and safety.
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- 2021
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28. Evidence-Based Practice Requires Evidence-Based Implementation.
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McNett M, Tucker S, and Melnyk BM
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- Humans, Evidence-Based Practice methods, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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29. 3D kidney organoids for bench-to-bedside translation.
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Gupta N, Dilmen E, and Morizane R
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Differentiation, Cell Lineage, Cellular Reprogramming Techniques, Forecasting, Humans, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells cytology, Kidney embryology, Kidney Tubules, Collecting embryology, Kidney Tubules, Collecting ultrastructure, Mice, Models, Animal, Neovascularization, Physiologic, Organogenesis, Organoids blood supply, Organoids transplantation, Regenerative Medicine methods, Regenerative Medicine trends, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Ureter embryology, Ureter ultrastructure, Kidney cytology, Organoids cytology, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
The kidneys are essential organs that filter the blood, removing urinary waste while maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Current conventional research models such as static cell cultures and animal models are insufficient to grasp the complex human in vivo situation or lack translational value. To accelerate kidney research, novel research tools are required. Recent developments have allowed the directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to generate kidney organoids. Kidney organoids resemble the human kidney in vitro and can be applied in regenerative medicine and as developmental, toxicity, and disease models. Although current studies have shown great promise, challenges remain including the immaturity, limited reproducibility, and lack of perfusable vascular and collecting duct systems. This review gives an overview of our current understanding of nephrogenesis that enabled the generation of kidney organoids. Next, the potential applications of kidney organoids are discussed followed by future perspectives. This review proposes that advancement in kidney organoid research will be facilitated through our increasing knowledge on nephrogenesis and combining promising techniques such as organ-on-a-chip models.
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- 2021
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30. Cancer research using organoid technology.
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Kretzschmar K
- Subjects
- Biological Specimen Banks, Carcinogenesis, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic genetics, DNA Mutational Analysis, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor methods, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor trends, Epithelial Cells cytology, Forecasting, Genes, Neoplasm, Humans, Medical Oncology methods, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms genetics, Neoplasms immunology, Neoplasms pathology, Neoplastic Stem Cells cytology, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Tumor Microenvironment, Medical Oncology trends, Organoids cytology, Organoids drug effects, Stem Cell Research, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Organoid technology has rapidly transformed basic biomedical research and contributed to significant discoveries in the last decade. With the application of protocols to generate organoids from cancer tissue, organoid technology has opened up new opportunities for cancer research and therapy. Using organoid cultures derived from healthy tissues, different aspects of tumour initiation and progression are widely studied including the role of pathogens or specific cancer genes. Cancer organoid cultures, on the other hand, are applied to generate biobanks, perform drug screens, and study mutational signatures. With the incorporation of cellular components of the tumour microenvironment such as immune cells into the organoid cultures, the technology is now also exploited in the rapidly advancing field of immuno-oncology. In this review, I discuss how organoid technology is currently being utilised in cancer research and what obstacles are still to be overcome for its broader use in anti-cancer therapy.
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- 2021
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31. Biobanking in radiotherapy trials - a challenge to the clinical research community.
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Gilbert DC and Speirs V
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research methods, Biomedical Research organization & administration, Biomedical Research trends, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Prognosis, Radiation Injuries diagnosis, Radiation Injuries epidemiology, Radiation Injuries genetics, Radiation Injuries pathology, Radiation Oncology methods, Radiation Oncology statistics & numerical data, Radiation Oncology trends, Signal Transduction genetics, Signal Transduction radiation effects, Specimen Handling standards, Specimen Handling statistics & numerical data, Specimen Handling trends, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Translational Research, Biomedical organization & administration, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, United Kingdom epidemiology, Biological Specimen Banks statistics & numerical data, Biological Specimen Banks trends, Clinical Trials as Topic methods, Clinical Trials as Topic statistics & numerical data, Radiation Genomics methods, Radiation Genomics organization & administration, Radiation Genomics trends, Radiotherapy adverse effects, Radiotherapy methods, Radiotherapy statistics & numerical data
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- 2021
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32. Building a System to Engage and Sustain Research Careers for Physicians.
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Huang X, Dovat S, Mailman RB, Thiboutot DM, Berini D, and Parent LJ
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- Adult, Biomedical Research statistics & numerical data, Education, Medical statistics & numerical data, Female, Forecasting, Humans, Male, Mentoring statistics & numerical data, Middle Aged, Translational Research, Biomedical statistics & numerical data, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, United States, Biomedical Research trends, Career Choice, Education, Medical trends, Interdisciplinary Studies trends, Mentoring trends, Research Personnel education, Translational Research, Biomedical education
- Abstract
There are increasing needs for physician-investigators to translate the rapid expansion of knowledge, technology/interventions, and big data into the clinical realm at a time of increasing age-related disabilities and communicable diseases. Yet, the number of physician-investigators has continued to decline, and only a small number of medical school graduates in the United States are actively engaged in research. This problem may be particularly pronounced in small- and medium-sized academic institutions due to more limited educational and mentoring infrastructure. Neither efforts by the federal government nor isolated institutional programs alone have been effective yet in solving this problem. This article describes an integrated institutional strategy undertaken at Penn State College of Medicine that is focused on developing and sustaining a physician-investigator workforce. Key elements of this strategy are new programs to close gaps in the professional life cycle of physician-investigators, dedicated senior leaders collaborating with an experienced and diverse advisory committee, and a data-driven approach to programmatic evaluation. In this article, the implementation of integrated institutional programs including Institutional Mock Review for evaluation of grant proposals before submission, physician-scientist faculty mentoring, and effort matching programs are described. Detailed tactics are offered for tailoring these programs to a particular institution's background to maximize both efficiency and sustainability. The overarching strategy includes engaging multidisciplinary faculty as mentors and mentees, partnering with both clinical and basic science departments, integrating new programs with established approaches, and cultivating an emerging generation of physician-investigators as near-peer mentors and future leaders. This approach may serve as a useful paradigm for building an environment to nurture junior physician-investigators at other mid-sized academic institutions and may also have value for larger institutions in which there is fragmentation of the efforts to sustain the research careers of physicians., (Copyright © 2020 by the Association of American Medical Colleges.)
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- 2021
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33. Health disparities: Intracellular consequences of social determinants of health.
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Emeny RT, Carpenter DO, and Lawrence DA
- Subjects
- Environmental Pollutants adverse effects, Environmental Pollutants immunology, Environmental Pollutants metabolism, Humans, Inflammation Mediators immunology, Intracellular Fluid immunology, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Health Status Disparities, Inflammation Mediators metabolism, Intracellular Fluid metabolism, Oxidative Stress physiology, Social Determinants of Health trends
- Abstract
Health disparities exist dependent on socioeconomic status, living conditions, race/ethnicity, diet, and exposures to environmental pollutants. Herein, the various exposures contributing to a person's exposome are collectively considered social determinants of health (SDOH), and the SDOH-exposome impacts health more than health care. This review discusses the extent of evidence of the physiologic consequences of these exposures at the intracellular level. We consider how the SDOH-exposome, which captures how individuals live, work and age, induces cell processes that modulate a conceptual "redox rheostat." Like an electrical resistor, the SDOH-exposome, along with genetic predisposition and age, regulate reductive and oxidative (redox) stress circuits and thereby stimulate inflammation. Regardless of the source of the SDOH-exposome that induces chronic inflammation and immunosenescence, the outcome influences cardiometabolic diseases, cancers, infections, sepsis, neurodegeneration and autoimmune diseases. The endogenous redox rheostat is connected with regulatory molecules such as NAD
+ /NADH and SIRT1 that drive redox pathways. In addition to these intracellular and mitochondrial processes, we discuss how the SDOH-exposome can influence the balance between metabolism and regulation of immune responsiveness involving the two main molecular drivers of inflammation, the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB induction. Mitochondrial and inflammasome activities play key roles in mediating defenses against pathogens and controlling inflammation before diverse cell death pathways are induced. Specifically, pyroptosis, cell death by inflammation, is intimately associated with common disease outcomes that are influenced by the SDOH-exposome. Redox influences on immunometabolism including protein cysteines and ion fluxes are discussed regarding health outcomes. In summary, this review presents a translational research perspective, with evidence from in vitro and in vivo models as well as clinical and epidemiological studies, to outline the intracellular consequences of the SDOH-exposome that drive health disparities in patients and populations. The relevance of this conceptual and theoretical model considering the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are highlighted. Finally, the case of asthma is presented as a chronic condition that is modified by adverse SDOH exposures and is manifested through the dysregulation of immune cell redox regulatory processes we highlight in this review., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2021
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34. How can we weather a virus storm? Health prediction inspired by meteorology could be the answer.
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Buizza R, Capobianco E, Moretti PF, and Vineis P
- Subjects
- Forecasting, Humans, COVID-19 epidemiology, Computer Simulation, Meteorology, Public Health trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Weather
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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35. Knowledge syntheses in medical education: A bibliometric analysis.
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Maggio LA, Costello JA, Norton C, Driessen EW, and Artino AR Jr
- Subjects
- Humans, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Bibliometrics, Education, Medical methods, Publications trends, Translational Research, Biomedical methods
- Abstract
Purpose: This bibliometric analysis maps the landscape of knowledge syntheses in medical education. It provides scholars with a roadmap for understanding where the field has been and where it might go in the future, thereby informing research and educational practice. In particular, this analysis details the venues in which knowledge syntheses are published, the types of syntheses conducted, citation rates they produce, and altmetric attention they garner., Method: In 2020, the authors conducted a bibliometric analysis of knowledge syntheses published in 14 core medical education journals from 1999 to 2019. To characterize the studies, metadata were extracted from PubMed, Web of Science, Altmetrics Explorer, and Unpaywall., Results: The authors analyzed 963 knowledge syntheses representing 3.1% of the total articles published (n = 30,597). On average, 45.9 knowledge syntheses were published annually (SD = 35.85, median = 33), and there was an overall 2620% increase in the number of knowledge syntheses published from 1999 to 2019. The journals each published, on average, a total of 68.8 knowledge syntheses (SD = 67.2, median = 41) with Medical Education publishing the most (n = 189; 19%). Twenty-one types of knowledge synthesis were identified, the most prevalent being systematic reviews (n = 341; 35.4%) and scoping reviews (n = 88; 9.1%). Knowledge syntheses were cited an average of 53.80 times (SD = 107.12, median = 19) and received a mean Altmetric Attention Score of 14.12 (SD = 37.59, median = 6)., Conclusions: There has been considerable growth in knowledge syntheses in medical education over the past 20 years, contributing to medical education's evidence base. Beyond this increase in volume, researchers have introduced methodological diversity in these publications, and the community has taken to social media to share knowledge syntheses. Implications for the field, including the impact of synthesis types and their relationship to knowledge translation, are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
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36. Thirty Years of Translational Research Behind MED-EL.
- Author
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Dhanasingh A and Hochmair I
- Subjects
- History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Cochlear Implants trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Three Decades of Clinical Gene Therapy: From Experimental Technologies to Viable Treatments.
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Tremblay JP, Annoni A, and Suzuki M
- Subjects
- Clinical Studies as Topic, Gene Transfer Techniques, History, 20th Century, History, 21st Century, Humans, Translational Research, Biomedical history, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Genetic Therapy history, Genetic Therapy methods, Genetic Therapy trends
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Lost in Translation: Progress and Challenges in Advanced Therapies to Treat CVDs.
- Author
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Baker AH and Brittan M
- Subjects
- Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Disease Management, Humans, Cardiovascular Diseases therapy, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The future is now? Clinical and translational aspects of "Omics" technologies.
- Author
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D'Adamo GL, Widdop JT, and Giles EM
- Subjects
- Artificial Intelligence trends, COVID-19 epidemiology, Genomics methods, Humans, Medical Oncology methods, Medical Oncology trends, Metabolomics methods, Pandemics, Precision Medicine methods, Proteomics methods, Proteomics trends, Time Factors, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Genomics trends, Metabolomics trends, Precision Medicine trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Big data has become a central part of medical research, as well as modern life generally. "Omics" technologies include genomics, proteomics, microbiomics and increasingly other omics. These have been driven by rapid advances in laboratory techniques and equipment. Crucially, improved information handling capabilities have allowed concepts such as artificial intelligence and machine learning to enter the research world. The COVID-19 pandemic has shown how quickly information can be generated and analyzed using such approaches, but also showed its limitations. This review will look at how "omics" has begun to be translated into clinical practice. While there appears almost limitless potential in using big data for "precision" or "personalized" medicine, the reality is that this remains largely aspirational. Oncology is the only field of medicine that is widely adopting such technologies, and even in this field uptake is irregular. There are practical and ethical reasons for this lack of translation of increasingly affordable techniques into the clinic. Undoubtedly, there will be increasing use of large data sets from traditional (e.g. tumor samples, patient genomics) and nontraditional (e.g. smartphone) sources. It is perhaps the greatest challenge of the health-care sector over the coming decade to integrate these resources in an effective, practical and ethical way., (© 2020 Australian and New Zealand Society for Immunology Inc.)
- Published
- 2021
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40. Implementing best available evidence into practice for incontinence-associated dermatitis in Australia: A multisite multimethod study protocol.
- Author
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Barakat-Johnson M, Basjarahil S, Campbell J, Cunich M, Disher G, Geering S, Ko N, Lai M, Leahy C, Leong T, McClure E, O'Grady M, Walsh J, White K, and Coyer F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Australia, Fecal Incontinence complications, Female, Focus Groups methods, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Qualitative Research, Quality of Life psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Translational Research, Biomedical standards, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Urinary Incontinence complications, Clinical Protocols, Dermatitis, Contact etiology, Translational Research, Biomedical methods
- Abstract
Aims: Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is an insidious and under-reported hospital-acquired complication which substantially impacts on patients' quality of life. A published international guideline and the Ghent Global IAD Categorisation Tool (GLOBIAD) outline the best available evidence for the optimal management of IAD. This study aims to implement theguideline and the GLOBIAD tool and evaluate the effect on IAD occurrences and sacral pressure injuries as well as patient, clinician and cost-effectiveness outcomes., Materials and Methods: The study will employ a multi-method design across six hospitals in five health districts in Australia, and will be conducted in three phases (pre-implementation, implementation and post-implementation) over 19 months. Data collection will involve IAD and pressure injury prevalence audits for patient hospital admissions, focus groups with, and surveys of, clinicians, patient interviews, and collection of the cost of IAD hospital care and patient-related outcomes including quality of life. Eligible participants will be hospitalised adults over 18 years of age experiencing incontinence, and clinicians working in the study wards will be invited to participate in focus groups and surveys., Conclusion: The implementation of health district-wide evidence-based practices for IAD using a translational research approach that engages key stakeholders will allow the standardisation of IAD care that can potentially be applicable to a range of settings. Knowledge gained will inform future practice change in patient care and health service delivery and improve the quality of care for patients with IAD. Support at the hospital, state and national levels, coupled with a refined stakeholder-inclusive strategy, will enhance this project's success, sustainability and scalability beyond this existing project., (Crown Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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41. DGK and DZHK position paper on genome editing: basic science applications and future perspective.
- Author
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Brandes RP, Dueck A, Engelhardt S, Kaulich M, Kupatt C, De Angelis MT, Leisegang MS, le Noble F, Moretti A, Müller OJ, Skryabin BV, Thum T, and Wurst W
- Subjects
- Animals, Congresses as Topic, Diffusion of Innovation, Disease Models, Animal, Forecasting, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Phenotype, CRISPR-Cas Systems, Gene Editing trends, Genetic Therapy trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
For a long time, gene editing had been a scientific concept, which was limited to a few applications. With recent developments, following the discovery of TALEN zinc-finger endonucleases and in particular the CRISPR/Cas system, gene editing has become a technique applicable in most laboratories. The current gain- and loss-of function models in basic science are revolutionary as they allow unbiased screens of unprecedented depth and complexity and rapid development of transgenic animals. Modifications of CRISPR/Cas have been developed to precisely interrogate epigenetic regulation or to visualize DNA complexes. Moreover, gene editing as a clinical treatment option is rapidly developing with first trials on the way. This article reviews the most recent progress in the field, covering expert opinions gathered during joint conferences on genome editing of the German Cardiac Society (DGK) and the German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK). Particularly focusing on the translational aspect and the combination of cellular and animal applications, the authors aim to provide direction for the development of the field and the most frequent applications with their problems.
- Published
- 2021
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42. Emergency science: Epistemological insights on the response to COVID-19 pandemics.
- Author
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Fortaleza CMCB
- Subjects
- Humans, Knowledge, Philosophy, Medical, Politics, SARS-CoV-2, Biomedical Research ethics, Biomedical Research methods, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 prevention & control, COVID-19 psychology, Evidence-Based Medicine ethics, Evidence-Based Medicine methods, Translational Research, Biomedical ethics, Translational Research, Biomedical standards, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Precision Medicine, AI, and the Future of Personalized Health Care.
- Author
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Johnson KB, Wei WQ, Weeraratne D, Frisse ME, Misulis K, Rhee K, Zhao J, and Snowdon JL
- Subjects
- Delivery of Health Care trends, Forecasting, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Patient-Specific Modeling trends, Precision Medicine trends, Risk Assessment methods, Risk Assessment trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Artificial Intelligence, Delivery of Health Care methods, Precision Medicine methods, Translational Research, Biomedical methods
- Abstract
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and precision medicine promises to revolutionize health care. Precision medicine methods identify phenotypes of patients with less-common responses to treatment or unique healthcare needs. AI leverages sophisticated computation and inference to generate insights, enables the system to reason and learn, and empowers clinician decision making through augmented intelligence. Recent literature suggests that translational research exploring this convergence will help solve the most difficult challenges facing precision medicine, especially those in which nongenomic and genomic determinants, combined with information from patient symptoms, clinical history, and lifestyles, will facilitate personalized diagnosis and prognostication., (© 2020 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Insights into Peptide Mediated Antibiofilm Treatment in Chronic Wound: A Bench to Bedside Approach.
- Author
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Radhakrishnan MP, Suryaletha K, Shankar A, Savithri AV, George S, and Thomas S
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Biofilms growth & development, Cytokines genetics, Cytokines immunology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial drug effects, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Endothelial Cells drug effects, Endothelial Cells immunology, Endothelial Cells microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Negative Bacteria growth & development, Gram-Negative Bacteria pathogenicity, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections immunology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections pathology, Gram-Positive Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Positive Bacteria growth & development, Gram-Positive Bacteria pathogenicity, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections immunology, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections pathology, Host-Pathogen Interactions drug effects, Host-Pathogen Interactions genetics, Host-Pathogen Interactions immunology, Humans, Keratinocytes drug effects, Keratinocytes immunology, Keratinocytes microbiology, Macrophages drug effects, Macrophages immunology, Macrophages microbiology, Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins chemical synthesis, Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins isolation & purification, Surgical Wound immunology, Surgical Wound microbiology, Surgical Wound pathology, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Biofilms drug effects, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins pharmacology, Surgical Wound drug therapy
- Abstract
Chronic wound biofilm infections are a threat to the population with respect to morbidity and mortality. The presence of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens in chronic wound renders the action of antibiotics and antibiofilm agents difficult. Therefore an alternative therapy is essential for reducing bacterial biofilm burden. In this scenario, the peptide-based antibiofilm therapy for chronic wound biofilm management seeks more attention. A synthetic peptide with a broad range of antibiofilm activity against preformed and established biofilms, having the ability to kill multispecies bacteria within biofilms and possessing combinatorial activity with other antimicrobial agents, provides significant insights. In this review, we portray the possibilities and difficulties of peptide-mediated treatment in chronic wounds biofilm management and how it can be clinically translated into a product., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)
- Published
- 2021
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45. Translational Research and Drug Discovery for Neurodegeneration: Challenges for Latin America.
- Author
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Rao KSJ, Britton GB, Rocha Arrieta LL, Garcia-Cairasco N, Lazarowski A, Palacios A, Camins Espuny A, and Maccioni RB
- Subjects
- Drug Discovery methods, Humans, Latin America epidemiology, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Drug Discovery trends, Neurodegenerative Diseases drug therapy, Neurodegenerative Diseases epidemiology, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Spatiotemporal molecular medicine: A new era of clinical and translational medicine.
- Author
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Wang X and Fan J
- Subjects
- Humans, Molecular Medicine trends, Precision Medicine trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Molecular Medicine methods, Precision Medicine methods, Translational Research, Biomedical methods
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Pharmacogenomics Biomarker Discovery and Validation for Translation in Clinical Practice.
- Author
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Arbitrio M, Scionti F, Di Martino MT, Caracciolo D, Pensabene L, Tassone P, and Tagliaferri P
- Subjects
- Computational Biology methods, Computational Biology trends, Drug Interactions genetics, Feasibility Studies, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genotyping Techniques instrumentation, Genotyping Techniques methods, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Humans, Pharmacogenetics instrumentation, Pharmacogenetics trends, Pharmacogenomic Testing instrumentation, Pharmacogenomic Testing methods, Pharmacogenomic Testing trends, Pharmacogenomic Variants, Translational Research, Biomedical instrumentation, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Validation Studies as Topic, Biomarkers, Pharmacological analysis, Pharmacogenetics methods, Translational Research, Biomedical methods
- Abstract
Interindividual variability in drug efficacy and toxicity is a major challenge in clinical practice. Variations in drug pharmacokinetics (PKs) and pharmacodynamics (PDs) can be, in part, explained by polymorphic variants in genes encoding drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) or in genes encoding drug receptors. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) has allowed the identification of predictive biomarkers of drug PKs and PDs and the current knowledge of genome-disease and genome-drug interactions offers the opportunity to optimize tailored drug therapy. High-throughput PGx genotyping, from targeted to more comprehensive strategies, allows the identification of PK/PD genotypes to be developed as clinical predictive biomarkers. However, a biomarker needs a robust process of validation followed by clinical-grade assay development and must comply to stringent regulatory guidelines. We here discuss the methodological challenges and the emerging technological tools in PGx biomarker discovery and validation, at the crossroad among molecular genetics, bioinformatics, and clinical medicine., (© 2020 The Authors. Clinical and Translational Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of the American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A Cytometrist's Guide to Coordinating and Performing Effective COVID-19 Research.
- Author
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Chattopadhyay PK, Filby A, Jellison ER, Ferrari G, Green C, Cherian S, Irish J, and Litwin V
- Subjects
- Biomedical Research methods, Biomedical Research trends, COVID-19 epidemiology, Containment of Biohazards methods, Flow Cytometry methods, Humans, Information Dissemination methods, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, COVID-19 prevention & control, Containment of Biohazards trends, Flow Cytometry trends, SARS-CoV-2 isolation & purification, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Abstract
Cytometry is playing a crucial role in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. In this commentary-written by a variety of stakeholders in the cytometry, immunology, and infectious disease communities-we review cytometry's role in the COVID-19 response and discuss workflow issues critical to planning and executing effective research in this emerging field. We discuss sample procurement and processing, biosafety, technology options, data sharing, and the translation of research findings into clinical environments. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry., (© 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Advances in translational orthopaedic research with species-specific multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells derived from the umbilical cord.
- Author
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Ramallo M, Carreras-Sánchez I, López-Fernández A, Vélez R, Aguirre M, Feldman S, and Vives J
- Subjects
- Animals, Bone and Bones metabolism, Cattle, Cell Culture Techniques methods, Cell Differentiation, Cell Membrane metabolism, Cell Proliferation, Goats, Horses, Humans, Models, Animal, Species Specificity, Swine, Tissue Engineering methods, Wharton Jelly metabolism, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation methods, Mesenchymal Stem Cells cytology, Orthopedics trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends, Umbilical Cord pathology
- Abstract
Compliance with current regulations for the development of innovative medicines require the testing of candidate therapies in relevant translational animal models prior to human use. This poses a great challenge when the drug is composed of cells, not only because of the living nature of the active ingredient but also due to its human origin, which can subsequently lead to a xenogeneic response in the animals. Although immunosuppression is a plausible solution, this is not suitable for large animals and may also influence the results of the study by altering mechanisms of action that are, in fact, poorly understood. For this reason, a number of procedures have been developed to isolate homologous species-specific cell types to address preclinical pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology. In this work, we present and discuss advances in the methodologies for derivation of multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells derived from the umbilical cord, in general, and Wharton's jelly, in particular, from medium to large animals of interest in orthopaedics research, as well as current and potential applications in studies addressing proof of concept and preclinical regulatory aspects.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Functional studies of GWAS variants are gaining momentum.
- Author
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Lichou F and Trynka G
- Subjects
- Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Translational Research, Biomedical methods, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study trends, Translational Research, Biomedical trends
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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Catalog
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