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From the first report of the respiratory disease caused by SARS-Cov-2 towards the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, to June 8, 2020, 6,931,000 people had been affected in the world, and 113,619 in Mexico, where there is a lack of literature describing the tomographic behavior of this disease throughout its evolution and its correlation with patient clinical data.To identify, describe and classify the manifestations detected on chest computed tomography images of patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.Hospitalized patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and who underwent a plain chest tomography were included.The most common tomographic patterns were ground glass opacity, consolidation, cobblestone pattern and mixed pattern, with peripheral and subpleural distribution and bilateral involvement in up to 95 %. Subpleural bands that distorted the architecture were identified in up to 62 % of patients, with an average of seven days of evolution. The most common extrapulmonary finding was an increase in pulmonary artery transverse axis.Knowing the behavior of this type of pneumonia allows becoming familiarized with the characteristic tomographic patterns, in order to aid timely detection and treatment.Desde el primer reporte de la enfermedad respiratoria causada por SARS-Cov-2 a finales de 2019, en Wuhan, China, hasta el 8 de junio de 2020, habían sido afectadas 6 931 000 personas en el mundo y 113 619 en México, donde se carece de informes que describan el comportamiento tomográfico de esta enfermedad a lo largo de su evolución y su correlación con los datos clínicos del paciente.Identificar, describir y clasificar las manifestaciones en las imágenes de tomografía de tórax de pacientes con neumonía causada por SARS-CoV-2.Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados con infección por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada mediante PCR-TR y en quienes se realizó tomografía simple de tórax.Los patrones tomográficos más comunes fueron opacidad de vidrio despulido, consolidación, empedrado y patrón mixto, con distribución periférica, subpleural y afectación bilateral hasta en 95 %. Se identificaron bandas subpleurales que distorsionaban la arquitectura hasta en 62 % de los pacientes, con un promedio de siete días de evolución. El aumento del eje transverso de la arteria pulmonar constituyó el hallazgo extrapulmonar más frecuente.Conocer el comportamiento de este tipo de neumonía permite la familiarización con los patrones tomográficos característicos, con el fin de coadyuvar a la detección y tratamiento oportunos.

Heat transfer characteristics around three elliptical cylinders with different axis ratio in a fluidized bed are experimentally studied. Air is used to fluidise 3 batches of different sizes of silica sand, of 500, 780 and 950 μm average diameter. The cylinder axes ratio AR (longitudinal axis / transverse axis) for the experimented cylinders are 1, 2, and 4. Behaviours of local Nusselt numbers as a function of cylinder’s axis ratio around the tube surface are presented. The impact of Reynolds number, average particles size and cylinder’s axis ratio on average Nusselt number are demonstrated. The results showed that for all cases the average rate of heat transfer improves with Reynolds number. For the same average particle size of the bed, the average rate of heat transfer improves with increasing axis ratios. The results also showed that for the same axis ratio, the average rate of heat transfer decreases with increasing the mean particles size. The experimental results of a cylinder with axis ratio= 1 is compared with another work and a good agreement is noticed دراسة عملية لخصائص إنتقال الحرارة حول ثلاث إسطوانات بيضاوية ذات نسبة محاور مختلفة في سرير مميع. تم إستخدام الهواء لتسييل 3 دفعات بأحجام مختلفة من رمل السيليکا بقطر 500 و 780 و 950 ميکرومتر. تم إستخدام نسب محاور AR (المحور الرئيسي / المحور الثانوي) لثلاثة من الأسطوانات التي تم فحصها و هي AR = 1 و 2 و 4. تم دراسة تأثير نسبة محاور الأسطوانة AR على معامل إنتقال الحرارة حول سطح الأنبوب. تم توضيح تأثير رقم رينولدز ومتوسط ​​حجم الجسيمات ونسبة محاور الأسطوانة على ​​عدد نسلت المتوسط. وأظهرت النتائج أنه فى جميع الحالات, متوسط ​​معدل إنتقال الحرارة يزداد بزيادة رقم رينولدز ، Re. کذلک وجد أنه عند ثبات متوسط ​​حجم الجسيمات للسرير dp ، فإن متوسط ​​معدل إنتقال الحرارة يزداد بزيادة نسبة المحاور AR. أظهرت النتائج أيضا أنه عند نفس نسبة المحاور AR ، فإن متوسط ​​معدل إنتقال الحرارة ينخفض ​​مع زيادة متوسط ​​حجم الجزيئات ، dp. تم عمل مقارنة بين النتائج التجريبية الحالية لأسطوانة ذات نسبة محاور ، AR = 1 مع تجارب سابقة و وجد اتفاق جيد بين النتائج.

Decades of neuroscience research in rodents have established an essential role of the hippocampus in the processing of episodic memories. Based on accumulating evidence of functional segregation in the hippocampus along the longitudinal axis, this role has been primarily ascribed to the dorsal hippocampus. More recent findings, however, demonstrate that functional segregation also occurs along transverse axis of the hippocampus, within the hippocampal subfields CA1, CA2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus (DG). Because the functional heterogeneity within CA1 has been addressed in several recent articles, here we discuss behavioral findings and putative mechanisms supporting generation of asymmetrical activity patterns along the transverse axis of DG and CA3. While transverse subnetworks appear to discretely contribute to the processing of spatial, non-spatial, temporal, and social components of episodic memories, integration of these components also occurs, especially in the CA3 subfield and possibly downstream, in the cortical targets of the hippocampus.

OBJECTIVE: To present the results of an ultrasound vascular cannulation (UGVC) training program for inexperienced operators using a training model. METHOD: This was a descriptive observational study developed in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a third-level hospital. Operators received basic theoretical training in the USVC technique, followed by practical training with a model designed for USVC-inexperienced healthcare professionals. RESULTS: The study included 25 healthcare professionals, who carried out a total of 300 ultrasound-guided cannulation procedures (12 per participant) at equidistant sites on the longitudinal axis/in-plane (LA/IP) and the transverse axis/out-of-plane (TA/OP). The mean depth of cannulated vessels was 0.90 (0.34) cm and their mean diameter was 0.41 (0.1) cm. In 41.7% of cases, complete view of the needle (CVN) was accomplished; in 49% of cases, repositioning of the needle/guidewire (RNG) was necessary for successful UGVC. The rate of successful UGVC in the training model was 79.7%. The mean time required for the procedure was 74.70 (73.72) seconds. The time to successful cannulation was 58.72 (56.87) seconds. The mean number of attempts needed until successful UGVC was 1.31 (0.72). Complications were: (a) 26.3% vessel perforation/wrong guidewire positioning (VP/WGP) and (b) 4.3% successful vessel puncture followed by failure to accomplish subsequent cannulation. CONCLUSIONS: Through the present theoretical–practical training program for inexperienced operators using a training model: (a) high success rates and short procedural times were attained; (b) complete view of needle and need for repositioning the needle/guidewire occurred in half of the procedures; and (c) complications occurred in a third of the procedures.

Data on the anatomical variability of the phalanges and fingers of the hand are needed to expand biometric databases in robotics, prosthetics, and forensic medicine. The aim of the study was to study the X-ray morphometric variability of the length of individual phalanges of the fingers of the hand, their relationship with the length of the fingers. By the method of morphometry, the lengths of individual phalanges and fingers of the hands were determined on 100 certified radiographs of the hands of persons of the second mature age (50 men and 50 women), and a correlation was established between the length of the phalanges and fingers. To identify the statistical relationship between quantitative characteristics, the parametric Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The relationship between quantitative indicators was assessed using multiple regression analysis. Classification and grouping were carried out using cluster analysis by the complete connection method, the Euclidean distance served as a measure of the relationship. The variability in the length of the phalanges and fingers increases towards the ulnar edge. The X-ray morphometric length of individual phalanges and fingers is characterized, regardless of gender, by regular formulas of variability: the length of the proximal phalanges is III>IV>II>V>I, the length of the middle phalanges is III>IV>II>V, the length of the distal phalanges is I>IV> III>II>V, finger length - III>IV>II>V>I. The degree of dependence of the length of the fingers on the length of the phalanges in both men and women decreases in the distal direction in the longitudinal axis and the ulnar edge in the transverse axis of the hand. As a result of cluster analysis, the organization of the objects of study was established depending on the degree of correlations of their length: groups of proximal phalanges of II-IV and I, V fingers, groups of middle phalanges of III-IV and II-V fingers, distal phalanges and fingers are organized somewhat more complexly - groups III -IV, II, V fingers and group I fingers. The data obtained can be used in the development of innovative anatomically grounded anthropomorphic robotic manipulators, in anthropological reconstructions, and in identification in forensic practice.

Age-related memory deficits are correlated with neural hyperactivity in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Abnormal CA3 hyperactivity in aged rats has been proposed to contribute to an imbalance between pattern separation and pattern completion, resulting in overly rigid representations. Recent evidence of functional heterogeneity along the CA3 transverse axis suggests that proximal CA3 supports pattern separation while distal CA3 supports pattern completion. It is not known whether age-related CA3 hyperactivity is uniformly represented along the CA3 transverse axis. We examined the firing rates of CA3 neurons from young and aged, male, Long–Evans rats along the CA3 transverse axis. Consistent with prior studies, young CA3 cells showed an increasing gradient in mean firing rate from proximal to distal CA3. However, aged CA3 cells showed an opposite, decreasing trend, in that CA3 cells in aged rats were hyperactive in proximal CA3, but possibly hypoactive in distal CA3, compared with young (Y) rats. We suggest that, in combination with altered inputs from the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus (DG), the proximal CA3 region of aged rats may switch from its normal function that reflects the pattern separation output of the DG and instead performs a computation that reflects an abnormal bias toward pattern completion. In parallel, distal CA3 of aged rats may create weaker attractor basins that promote abnormal, bistable representations under certain conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrior work suggested that age-related CA3 hyperactivity enhances pattern completion, resulting in rigid representations. Implicit in prior studies is the notion that hyperactivity is present throughout a functionally homogeneous CA3 network. However, more recent work has demonstrated functional heterogeneity along the CA3 transverse axis, in that proximal CA3 is involved in pattern separation and distal CA3 is involved in pattern completion. Here, we show that age-related hyperactivity is present only in proximal CA3, with potential hypoactivity in distal CA3. This result provides new insight in the role of CA3 in age-related memory impairments, suggesting that the rigid representations in aging result primarily from dysfunction of computational circuits involving the dentate gyrus (DG) and proximal CA3.

The main objective of inducted research was to test mechanical properties of two myrobalan fruits Terminalia bellerica and Terminalia chebula based on variation in the moisture content and the loading position of the fruit and its seed along the longitudinal, intermediate and transverse axes. The mechanical properties were tested in terms of deformation, rupture force, toughness and energy absorbed. The results revealed that the forces required to deform the Terminalia chebula whole fruit (163.09 N) and seed (890.53 N) were minimum along the transverse axis, while for the Terminalia bellerica it was found to be minimum along longitudinal axis for both whole fruit (725.25 N) and seed (554.84 N) at 4% (wet basis) moisture content. The increase in the moisture content of the fruit and seed showed an increase in the deformation as elasticity increased, while the toughness of the fruit decreased from 0.90 to 0.13 mJ/cm3. The obtained results find its application in the designing of various unit operation equipments such as decorticator and graders.

Is to study the morphological and morphometric variations of the hyoid bone in the population of the Tver region. One hundred adult hyoid bone samples were taken from 63 males and 37 females. Morphological and morphometric variations of the hyoid bone were determined. Six types of hyoid bone were identified: U-shaped - 25 bones (25%); H-shaped - 3 bones (3%); B-shaped - 48 bones (48%); D-shaped - 14 bones (14%); V-shaped - 2 bones (2%); HK-shaped - 8 bones (8%). The width, length, and the largest transverse axis were 42.44; 36.49, and 35.6 mm, respectively. Morphological differences of the hyoid bones of the Tver region population compared to other populations were found. Anatomical variations and dimensions of the hyoid bone are important for practical forensic medicine.Исследование морфологических и морфометрических вариаций подъязычной кости у населения Тверского региона. Отобрали 100 образцов подъязычной кости взрослых 63 мужчин и 37 женщин. Определяли морфологические и морфометрические вариации подъязычной кости. Выявили 6 типов подъязычной кости: U-образная — 25 костей (25%); H-тип — 3 кости (3%); B-тип — 48 костей (48%); D-тип — 14 костей (14%); V-тип — 2 кости (2%); HK-тип — 8 костей (8%). Ширина, длина и большая поперечная ось составили 42,44; 36,49 и 35,6 мм соответственно. Обнаружили морфологические различия подъязычных костей у населения Тверского региона по сравнению с другими популяциями. Анатомические вариации и измерения подъязычной кости имеют важное значение для практической судебной медицины.

A residual mass (RM) is an abnormal image with a transverse axis of more than 1cm trans that remains visible on the CT scan performed after chemotherapy for metastatic germ cell tumors. Their management depends on the histology of the initial tumor. In the case of a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, all residual lesions must be resected if the tumor markers are negative. The surgery usually begins with a retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. This lymphadenectomy is a programed regional surgery and not the only resection of visible masses. All RM must be resected, regardless of their location, and may require successive actions. In order to limit its morbidity, modifications on the extent of the lymphadenectomy and the use of minimally invasive approaches are proposed by some center. When the initial tumor is a pure seminoma the attitude is different: the decay of the masses in post chemotherapy is often postponed. If lesions less than 3cm can be monitored, the others benefit from 18FDG PET at the end of chemotherapy: a positive attachment to PET is suspected of the presence of residual active tissue. The surgery of these RM is curative. If its extent is precise in the case of non-seminomatous tumor, it is more controversial in the case of seminoma. In the case of residual markers, surgery has a place in very specific situations.

Summary:. First described by Gaudet and Morestin, abdominoplasty with umbilical preservation dates as far back as 1905. Navel position was described on the transverse axis by Rohrich, and on the median longitudinal axis, by Vernon, Baroudi and Pitanguy. The aim of this article is to validate the 15/10 rule of umbilical positioning in abdominoplasty with the “flap flipping” technique, as an intraoperative aid to simplify umbilical repositioning. Between October 2019 and March 2020, 18 consecutive patients underwent full abdominoplasty, using the 15/10 rule for umbilical positioning. Patients’ average age was 47.9, with body mass index 27.5 kg/m2 and height 1.63 m. An “expected zone” of umbilical position was delineated by 2 horizontal lines, 15 cm from the bra line and 10 cm from the pubic level. The umbilicus was accurately positioned by using the flap flipping technique before closure of the inferior abdominal incision line. It was then examined to determine whether the umbilicus was situated in the expected zone. In 14 of 18 patients, intraoperative and postoperative measurements of umbilical position were in the expected zone. An average 15.19 cm was measured between the bra line and the new umbilical positioning, and 12.02 cm from the new umbilicus to the pubic inferior suture line. We find that the 15/10 rule of umbilical positioning with the flap flipping technique is an important, intuitive, and easy-to-use guide for precise umbilical positioning in abdominoplasty.

Background The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of manual determination of the three key points defining the anatomical plane of the scapula, which conditions the reliability of planning software programs based on manual method. Method We included 82 scapula computed tomography scans (56 pathologic and 26 normal glenoid), excluding truncation and major three-dimensional artifact. Four observers independently picked the three key points for each case. Inter- and intra-observer agreement was calculated for each point, using the intraclass correlation method. The mean error (mm) between the observers was calculated as the diameter of the smallest sphere including the four chosen positions. Results Lower inter-observer agreement was found for the trigonum superoinferior position and for the glenoid center anteroposterior position. The mean positioning error between the four observers was 6.9 mm for the trigonum point, and error greater than 10 mm was recorded in 25% of the cases. The mean positioning error was 3.5 mm for the glenoid center in altered glenoid, compared to 1.8 mm for normal glenoid. Discussion Manual determination of an anatomical plane of the scapula suffers from inaccuracy especially due to the variability in trigonum picking, and in a lesser extent, to the variability of glenoid center picking in altered glenoid.

This study investigated whether and how different types of temporal metaphors in the lexicon and individual reading habits influence native Chinese speakers’ conceptualizations of time. The results indicate that the Cantonese- and Mandarin-speaking participants constructed time expressions differently to some extent. Both groups responded faster on the transverse axis than on the vertical one, which was in accordance with the reading habits produced by the major writing/printing directions in both Mandarin and Cantonese. However, the Cantonese participants made judgments significantly faster than the Mandarin participants did in non-canonical conditions on the vertical axis. This finding, though surprising, is in line with a finding of our linguistic survey that Cantonese speakers use linguistic terms on the vertical axis to express time concepts much more often than Mandarin speakers do. This suggests that, even in the case of Chinese languages, speakers’ space and time associations can to some extend be influenced by the use of different temporal metaphors in their lexicon.

Entorhinal cortical projections show segregation along the transverse axis of CA1, with the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) sending denser projections to proximal CA1 (pCA1) and the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) sending denser projections to distal CA1 (dCA1). Previous studies have reported functional segregation along the transverse axis of CA1 correlated with the functional differences in MEC and LEC. pCA1 shows higher spatial selectivity than dCA1 in these studies. We employ a double rotation protocol, which creates an explicit conflict between the local and the global cues, to understand the differential contributions of these reference frames to the spatial code in pCA1 and dCA1 in male Long–Evans rats. We show that pCA1 and dCA1 respond differently to this local-global cue conflict. pCA1 representation splits as predicted from the strong conflicting inputs it receives from MEC and dCA3. In contrast, dCA1 rotates more in concert with the global cues. In addition, pCA1 and dCA1 display comparable levels of spatial selectivity in this study. This finding differs from the previous studies, perhaps because of richer sensory information available in our behavior arena. Together, these observations indicate that the functional segregation along proximodistal axis of CA1 is not of the amount of spatial selectivity but that of the nature of the different inputs used to create and anchor spatial representations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSubregions of the hippocampus are thought to play different roles in spatial navigation and episodic memory. It was previously thought that the distal part of area CA1 of the hippocampus carries lesser information about space than proximal CA1 (pCA1). We report that distal CA1 (dCA1) spatial representation moves more in concert with the global cues than pCA1 when the local and the global cues conflict. We also show that spatial selectivity is comparable along the proximodistal axis in this experimental protocol. Thus, different parts of the brain receiving differential outputs from pCA1 and dCA1 receive spatial information in different spatial reference frames encoded using different sets of inputs, rather than different amounts of spatial information as thought earlier.

espanolIntroduccion: Desde el primer reporte de la enfermedad respiratoria causada por SARS-Cov-2 a finales de 2019, en Wuhan, China, hasta el 8 de junio de 2020, habian sido afectadas 6 931 000 personas en el mundo y 113 619 en Mexico, donde se carece de informes que describan el comportamiento tomografico de esta enfermedad a lo largo de su evolucion y su correlacion con los datos clinicos del paciente. Objetivo: Identificar, describir y clasificar las manifestaciones en las imagenes de tomografia de torax de pacientes con neumonia causada por SARS-CoV-2. Metodo: Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados con infeccion por SARS-CoV-2 confirmada mediante PCR-TR y en quienes se realizo tomografia simple de torax. Resultados: Los patrones tomograficos mas comunes fueron opacidad de vidrio despulido, consolidacion, empedrado y patron mixto, con distribucion periferica, subpleural y afectacion bilateral hasta en 95 %. Se identificaron bandas subpleurales que distorsionaban la arquitectura hasta en 62 % de los pacientes, con un promedio de siete dias de evolucion. El aumento del eje transverso de la arteria pulmonar constituyo el hallazgo extrapulmonar mas frecuente. Conclusion: Conocer el comportamiento de este tipo de neumonia permite la familiarizacion con los patrones tomograficos caracteristicos, con el fin de coadyuvar a la deteccion y tratamiento oportunos. EnglishBackground: From the first report of the respiratory disease caused by SARS-Cov-2 towards the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, to June 8, 2020, 6,931,000 people had been affected in the world, and 113,619 in Mexico, where there is a lack of literature describing the tomographic behavior of this disease throughout its evolution and its correlation with patient clinical data. Objective: To identify, describe and classify the manifestations detected on chest computed tomography images of patients with pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2. Method: Hospitalized patients with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and who underwent a plain chest tomography were included. Results: The most common tomographic patterns were ground glass opacity, consolidation, cobblestone pattern and mixed pattern, with peripheral and subpleural distribution and bilateral involvement in up to 95 %. Subpleural bands that distorted the architecture were identified in up to 62 % of patients, with an average of seven days of evolution. The most common extrapulmonary finding was an increase in pulmonary artery transverse axis. Conclusion: Knowing the behavior of this type of pneumonia allows becoming familiarized with the characteristic tomographic patterns, in order to aid timely detection and treatment.

To reduce the risk of injury, waterski bindings should secure the foot to the ski when the likelihood of lower leg injury is low (retention) and free the foot when the likelihood of injury is high (release). Unlike snow skiing, there are no standards dictating the release of waterski bindings. Testing was completed to determine release torques in forward lean of three commercially available waterski boot-binding systems. Each binding was mounted to a 66-inch waterski and the boot was fitted on a lower leg surrogate with a torque transducer. A forward-lean bending moment was applied quasi-statically about the transverse axis of the ski until the binding released the boot. For the three boot-binding systems, the range of release torques were 126 to 219, 50 Nm to 141, and 63 to 127 Nm.

Based on a single well-preserved specimen from Eocene Baltic amber, a new tenebrionid beetle Neomida groehni Nabozhenko et Bukejs sp. nov. (Diaperinae: Diaperini) is described and illustrated using phase-contrast X-ray microtomography. This oldest representative of the genus differs from all known extant and extinct congeners by the dorsally very weakly convex pronotum with undulate lateral margins (while other Neomida have a pronotum that is strongly convex along its transverse axis, with evenly rounded lateral margins); distinct, right posterior angles of pronotum; and elevated sutural area of the elytra.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the effect of training on dimensions of spleen, kidney and liver in licensedfootball players.Methods: The study group consisted of 53 licensed male football players and 52 male non-athlete controls. The visceral organmeasurements were evaluated by ultrasonography. Independent samples t test and linear regression analysis were used for statisticalanalysis.Results: The mean age was 22.11±3.36 years in footballers and 22.71±3.92 years in controls. The spleen’s transverse axis length(4.89±0.52 cm) and liver’s anteroposterior length (11.9±2.35 cm) were significantly higher in the footballers compared to thecontrols (4.42±0.65 cm and 10.39±1.9 cm; p

[Resumen] Este artículo analiza la coeducación como modelo pedagógico que incorpora la igualdad como eje transversal, y que de manera implícita y explícita, previene las violencias que tienen como raíz el machismo, nos referimos en concreto a las violencias de género y la LGBTIfobia. Un sistema educativo que en vez de fomentar un análisis crítico, reproduzca la socialización diferencial y desigual de género, no actúa activamente contra estas desigualdades. Frente al modelo androcéntrico y heteronormativo existente, la coeducación como pedagogía del aula, debe contemplar la igualdad entre los géneros pero atendiendo a la diversidad sexual y de género existente en los centros. Coeducar es construir un mundo mejor basado en la igualdad, la diversidad y el respeto, construir un mundo donde las violencias machistas no tengan cabida [Abstract] This paper analyze Co-education as a pedagogic model which incorporate Equality as a transverse axis. In an explicit and implicit way, Co-education prevent chauvinist violences, such as gender-based violence and LGBTI-phobia. An education system that, instead of encourage to critical analyses, it reproduces a differential and inequality socialization of genders and it does not act against said inequalities. Opposite to the androcentric and hegemonic existing model, Co-education as a pedagogy regards equality between genders as well as affective-sexual and gender diversity in educational institutions. Coeducating is to create a better world based in equality, diversity and respect, to construct a world in which chauvinist violence do not exist

A fracture mechanics (FM) based investigation on the effects of curved surfaces on fatigue lives of mooring chain links tensioned over curved surfaces is conducted in this paper. Three typical curved surfaces including ungrooved surface, shallow grooved surface, and deep grooved surface are investigated. The mooring chain links tensioned over an ungrooved surface are considered under the combined action of in-plane bending (IPB), out-of-plane bending (OPB), torque, and tension. The chain links supported by the bottom of a shallow groove surface are assumed to be influenced by extra IPB. The chain links laying on the upper surface of a deep grooved surface are considered to be subjected to OPB. The results show that fatigue lives of mooring chain links tensioned over the three curved surfaces are significantly shorter than those of mooring chain links subjected to pure tension. Fatigue lives of mooring chain links tensioned over the three curved surfaces would decrease with the decrease of the diameter of the curved surface. For mooring chain links tensioned over an ungrooved surface, the fatigue lives of mooring chain links would decrease with the increase of the angle between the transverse axis of mooring chain link and the surface.

RESUMEN El presente ensayo busca realizar un análisis sobre las herramientas pedagógicas y didácticas que sean las más adecuadas para la enseñanza de la oralidad para afrontar el nuevo proceso civil colombiano que se enmarca en la celebración de audiencias y en dejar a un lado el sistema procesal escritural para hace más expeditos y efectivos los procesos. Es importante que la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Libre Seccional Cúcuta, tome cartas en el asunto y prepare los microcurrículos en torno a un eje trasversal que propendan por la oralidad en el proceso civil. ABSTRACT This essay seeks to make an analysis of the pedagogical and didactic tools that are most appropriate for teaching orality to face the new Colombian civil procedure which is part of the hearings and put aside the scriptural procedural system for makes it more expeditious and effective processes. It is important that the Faculty of Law at the Universidad Libre of Colombia, Cucuta, take action on the matter and prepare microcurriculos around a transverse axis involving the civil orality.

Young neurons in the adult brain are key to some types of learning and memory. They integrate in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus contributing to such cognitive processes following timely developmental events. While experimentally impairing GABAergic transmission through the blockade or elimination of the ionic cotransporter NKCC1 leads to alterations in the proper maturation of young neurons, it is still unknown if the in vivo administration of common use diuretic drugs that block the cotransporter, alters the development of young hippocampal neurons and affects DG-related functions. In this study, we delivered chronically and intracerebroventricularly the NKCC1 blocker bumetanide to young-adult rats. We analyzed doublecortin density and development parameters (apical dendrite length and angle and dendritic arbor length) in doublecortin positive neurons from different subregions in the DG and evaluated the performance of animals in contextual fear learning and memory. Our results show that in bumetanide-treated subjects, doublecortin density is diminished in the infra and suprapyramidal blades of the DG; the length of primary dendrites is shortened in the infrapyramidal blade and; the growth angle of primary dendrites in the infrapyramidal blade is different from control animals. Behaviorally, treated animals showed the typical learning curve in a contextual fear task, and freezing-time displayed during contextual fear memory was not different from controls. Thus, in vivo icv delivery of bumetanide negatively alters DCX density associated to young neurons and its proper development but not to the extent of affecting a DG dependent task as aversive context learning and memory.

The Peruvian society, faced situations in which people express humiliation for life without any remorse; It is possible to discover the vast majority of times, the authors of these harmful acts come from dysfunctional homes, an atmosphere of family violence, and even many of them did not finish the basic regular education, we are referring to the process that requires commitment and delivery, not only on the part of teachers, but also of parents or guardians, who will reinforce at home what you teach your children or wards in educational institutions. The important role played by education, it is not only in the aspect of scientific and technological discoveries and advances, but human quality of people, to its ethical principles, ethical and moral values that are learned during the school. The scope of bioethics has amplified, today, includes not only the medical ethics, environmental ethics, debates about the rights of future generations, sustainable development, etc. To include the transverse axis of the bioethics education, they will have to take into account the part that makes up the essence of bioethics, its principles and the humanisation of education. La sociedad peruana, enfrenta situaciones en que las personas manifiestan humillación por la vida humana sin ningún tipo de remordimiento; es posible descubrir que la gran mayoría de veces, los autores de estos actos lesivos provienen de hogares disfuncionales, de un ambiente de violencia familiar, e incluso, muchos de ellos no terminaron la educación básica regular, nos refiriendo al proceso que requiere compromiso y entrega, no solo de parte de los docentes, sino también de los padres o tutores, quienes reforzarán en casa lo que a sus hijos o pupilos se les enseñe en las instituciones educativas. El importante papel que juega la educación, no lo es sólo en el aspecto de avances o descubrimientos científicos y tecnológicos, sino de calidad humana de las personas, a sus principios éticos, bioéticos y sus valores morales que se aprenden durante la etapa escolar. El ámbito de acción de la bioética se ha amplificado, hoy en día, abarca no solo la ética médica, la ética ambiental, los debates sobre los derechos de las futuras generaciones, el desarrollo sostenible, etc. Para incluir el eje transversal de la bioética en la educación, se tendrán que tomar en cuenta la parte que conforma la esencia de la bioética, sus principios y la humanización de la educación.

The presubiculum plays a key role in processing and integrating spatial and head-directional information. Layer III neurons of the presubiculum provide strong projections to the superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) in the rat. Our previous study revealed that the terminal distribution of efferents from layer III cells of the presubiculum was organized in a band-like fashion within the MEC, and the transverse axis of these zones ran parallel to the rhinal fissure. Identifying axonal branching patterns of layer III neurons of the presubiculum is important to further elucidate the functional roles of the presubiculum. In the present study, we visualized all axonal processes and terminal distributions of single presubicular layer III neurons in the rat, using in vivo injection of a viral vector expressing membrane-targeted palmitoylation site-attached green fluorescent protein (GFP). We found that layer III of the rat presubiculum comprised multiple types of neurons (n = 12) with characteristic patterns of axonal collateralization, including cortical projection neurons (n = 6) and several types of intrinsic connectional neurons (n = 6). Two of six cortical projection neurons provided two or three major axonal branches to the MEC and formed elaborate terminal arbors within the superficial layers of the MEC. The width and axis of the area of their terminal distribution resembled that of the band-like terminal field seen in our massive-scale observation. Two of the other four cortical projection neurons gave off axonal branches to the MEC and also to the subiculum, and each of the other two neurons sent axons to the subiculum or parasubiculum. Patterns of axonal arborization of six intrinsic connectional neurons were distinct from each other, with four neurons sending many axonal branches to both superficial and deep layers of the presubiculum and the other two neurons showing sparse axonal branches with terminations confined to layers III–V of the presubiculum. These data demonstrate that layer III of the rat presubiculum consists of multiple types of cortical projection neurons and interneurons, and also suggest that inputs from a single presubicular layer III neuron can directly affect a band-like zone of the MEC.

As a result of the research of pedagogical practices of the Master of Educational Development Social Research entitled good educational practices in Virtual Learning Environments (AVA, in Spanish)) of higher education was developed. In this process found a number of aspects that reveal what must possess any educational practice in an AVA, where Cyber culture constituted from their particular discursive practices, a transverse axis in contemporary digital society. The methodology of this research was based on the Cyberetnography or Virtual Ethnography through immersion, description and interpretation of the interactions of teachers (tutors) and students in the AVA. The findings allow envision that virtual environments are designed as educational settings in which educational practices anchored in socio-cultural meanings are possible.

Coronary aneurysms are defined as a localized dilatation that exceeds 1.5 times the diameter of the adjacent segment of artery. Aneurysms can be saccular (transverse larger than the longitudinal axis) or fusiform (longitudinal at least twice the transverse axis). These should be distinguished from coronary artery ectasia in which there is diffuse dilatation involving greater than 50% of the coronary arteryJ MEDICINE July 2016; 17 (2) : 111-114

Ground penetration radar was used at the historic building of the “Colegio del Arte Mayor de la Seda de Valencia”, to assess the structural state of the building, by focusing on identifying and locating major internal cracks or interfaces that could pose structural problems to the building, and on providing general information about the construction technology of the masonry. Through the analysis of the various scans at characteristic areas of the historic building, GPR identified and allowed correlation of crack clusters and revealed hidden features, such as potential hidden arches, within the masonry that were not observed macroscopically. It was revealed that the deformation thrust of the eastern facade of the building was responsible for a cluster of cracks along its longitudinal axis at the interior of the building. A similar behaviour was correlated with a major crack behind the main maiolica tile mosaic, along the transverse axis of the building.

Reel syndrome occurs due to the rotation of the implantable device on its transverse axis with subsequent coiling of the leads around the pulse generator. Device interrogation and chest X‐ray should be performed in any case of device malfunction.