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The objective is to carry out an analysis of the results of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on Mexico's agricultural and livestock sector. Two periods are identified, the first one from 1994-2014 with negative effects of the agricultural sector on the economy. The second one from 2015-2020 with a surplus in the Agricultural Trade Balance and a positive effect on the rest of the economy. Based on the Kaldor-Verdoorn (KV) effect, an econometric model is estimated. The results show that agricultural exports and public spending for the agricultural sector as independent variables are significantly and positively correlated with the production of the agricultural and livestock sector as dependent variable during the implementation of NAFTA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La actividad forestal desempeña un papel menor en el sector agropecuario y forestal de México. Por otro lado, la industria forestal y, en especial, la producción de madera, no son consideradas competitivas a nivel internacional; de acuerdo con el Banco Mundial, los costos de producción son altos, el manejo de los bosques es ineficiente y la falta de infraestructura hacen que gran parte de la madera permanezca sin aprovecharse. Solo 30 % de los bosques son accesibles para cosecharse. En el presente trabajo se muestra un estudio comparativo de las condiciones que han prevalecido en la producción forestal maderable de México y como ha sido afectada, a partir de la apertura comercial en 1994, y la firma del Tratado Trilateral de Libre Comercio con Estados Unidos de América y Canadá. El objetivo central es analizar el comportamiento de la producción forestal maderable durante el periodo 1994-2012. Si bien, a nivel nacional se ha incrementado más del doble, aunque las importaciones han tenido un dinamismo mayor, en cuanto a su crecimiento. Sin embargo, el aumento de la producción forestal no se refleja en el Producto Interno Bruto. Aun cuando el tipo de cambio puede ser un factor de explicación coyuntural del déficit de la balanza comercial forestal. El hecho es que en México, la falta de competitividad del subsector obedece también a otros factores.

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Se examina la evolución de la variedad de las exportaciones de bienes de México con datos desagregados de comercio. Tanto los resultados de las estimaciones basadas en los datos sin procesar, como aquellos obtenidos con base en datos procesados de acuerdo con la versión mejorada de la metodología de Feenstra y Kee (2004, 2007), que se propone en este artículo, indican que el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) no ha provocado un aumento de la variedad de los productos exportados por México. Este resultado contrasta con la asociación positiva entre el TLCAN y la variedad exportadora encontrada en trabajos previos.

This paper analyzes the trade in goods between Mexico and the United States in the period from 1990 to 2016. The purpose is to emphasize that Mexico has not been the main beneficiary of the deepening of Mexico-US economic relations resulting from the NAFTA implementation in 1994. It is highlighted that due to the great interdependence of some branches of the manufacturing sector, tightening access conditions to the US market would have an impact on the competitiveness loss of these branches of the United States manufacturing sector. Therefore, the objectives to be achieved should be those directly related to trade and investment and should not be the correction of macroeconomic imbalances that are outside the trade sphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Económicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales is the property of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La presente ponencia realizará un análisis comparativo de las raíces históricas, propósitos y objetivos de la Unión Europea y el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (

Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Relaciones Internacionales is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article shows how arbitration works in the context of globalization and illustrates some cases in which investment arbitration collides with public interest, environmental issues and human rights. Special reference is made to the international treaties that regulate arbitration and their characteristics. Some solutions to legitimate arbitration in this context are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article deals with a comparative analysis of the historical roots, purposes and objectives of the European Union and NAFTA and their evolution in order to determine whether or not is it feasible for NAFTA to adopt the European mechanisms that have helped solve the problems that NAFTA members face. This article will conclude that it is not possible in the short and medium term and will offer different solutions that NAFTA may be able to adopt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the problem of unionism in three nations: Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The considerations of some of the unionist organizations in the three countries that are participants in NAFTA in relation to the possible effects of the trade agreement on the contexts of labor and salary are analyzed. It is said that the Canadian unions have had a negative experience in their agreement with the United States. The Mexican labor force is said to have caused a threat to the United States because of the lower cost of labor, while the agreement has caused some Mexican unions to seize the opportunity to promote negotiations to equalize salaries with those that are typical in the other countries.