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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the impacts of thermal processing on the chemical composition of jackfruit seeds and their toxicity. The ash content of the seeds subjected to roasting was higher (3.21%) compared to the seeds in the other treatments. However, the contents of moisture (5.29%) and protein (10.49%) were lower. The protein content showed a significant difference (P≤ 0.05) among the studied groups (10.49%). The lipid content was lower in the seeds subjected to cooking (1.13%), while the carbohydrate content showed a significant difference (P≤ 0.05) among the groups studied (54.11%). Raw seeds had the highest fiber content (25.20%). Regarding toxicity, only the cooked jackfruit seed flour showed cytotoxic potential. However, none of the samples caused irritation or vascular disorders in fertilized eggs. These results suggested that heat treatment can ensure the safety of seeds against cytotoxicity; although, it reduces the content of some macronutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O impacto do desperdício de alimentos na sociedade e no meio ambiente é significativo. As perdas ocorrem em todas as etapas da cadeia produtiva. O Banco de Alimentos de Caxias do Sul-RS tem como objetivo promover a segurança alimentar, distribuindo alimentos sem valor comercial, mas adequados para o consumo, para famílias e entidades assistenciais cadastradas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da pasteurização nas características químicas, físicas e microbiológicas do pêssego. Para isso, foram avaliados o teor de compostos fenólicos totais, carotenoides totais, atividade antioxidante, cor, pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis, Escherichia. coli, Salmonella sp., bolores e leveduras e coliformes a 45°C das frutas picadas ou trituradas e pasteurizadas (90 °C por 1, 2 e 3 minutos) em comparação com o controle (sem pasteurização). Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento térmico reduziu o teor de carotenoides totais, mas não influenciou nos teores de compostos fenólicos totais e na atividade antioxidante nos três tempos de tratamento. A pasteurização influenciou nos parâmetros de cor, aumentando a tendência à cor alaranjada das amostras trituradas. Em relação aos resultados microbiológicos, as amostras atenderam a recomendação da legislação e apresentaram-se próprias para consumo. Conclui-se, portanto, que a pasteurização a 90 °C por 1 min é uma opção viável e segura para preservar as características do pêssego e aumentar a utilização desta fruta.

The impact of food waste on society and the environment is significant, with losses occurring at all stages of the production chain. The Caxias do Sul-RS Food Bank aims to promote food security by distributing non-commercial but suitable for consumption food to registered families and charitable organizations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pasteurization on the chemical, physical, and microbiological characteristics of peaches. To achieve this, the total phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, color, pH, acidity, soluble solids, E. coli, Salmonella sp., and molds and yeasts, as well as coliforms at 45°C of chopped or mashed and pasteurized fruits (90°C for 1, 2, and 3 minutes) were evaluated and compared to the control (without pasteurization). The results showed that the heat treatment reduced the total carotenoid content but did not affect the total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity at all three treatment times. Pasteurization influenced the color parameters but increased the tendency towards orange color of the mashed samples. Regarding microbiological results, the samples met the legislation recommendation and were suitable for consumption. Therefore, it can be concluded that pasteurization at 90°C for 1 minute is a viable and safe option to preserve the characteristics of peaches and increase the utilization of this fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RSBO: Revista Sul-Brasileira de Odontologia is the property of UNIVILLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Este artigo apresenta resultados de análise do ciclo de vida dos processos de digestão anaeróbia de cama de aviário (CA) precedida ou não de pré-tratamento térmico (auto-hidrólise). Para tanto, foram avaliadas as categorias de impacto ambiental, emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), eutrofização e acidificação do solo por meio do método ReCiPe Midpoint (H). Com base em dados primários fornecidos por uma empresa parceira, foram construídos inventários de ciclo de vida para três formas de manejo de dejetos de aves: i. descarte de CA in natura no solo, que é a técnica de manejo comumente utilizada; ii. digestão anaeróbia de CA in natura; e iii. pré-tratamento térmico por auto-hidrólise da CA antes da sua digestão anaeróbia. Conclui-se que a digestão anaeróbia da CA reduz as emissões de GEE em comparação ao cenário business as usual de disposição no solo. O uso do digestato (fração líquida gerada na digestão anaeróbia da CA) como fertilizante de solo resultaria em emissões de GEE evitadas de 34%, ao passo que o pré-tratamento térmico por auto-hidrólise da CA previamente à sua digestão anaeróbia resultaria em redução de emissões de GEE um pouco menor (27%). A digestão anaeróbia da CA in natura reduziria ainda o potencial de eutrofização em 98,2% (kg eq PO4-3/t cama) e o potencial de acidificação em 98,4% (kg eq SO2/t cama) em relação à sua disposição no solo. Tais resultados mostram que a digestão anaeróbia é uma forma mais sustentável de manejo da CA do que o seu lançamento no ambiente.

A demanda de produtos oriundos da madeira vem se expandindo, por conta disso, há a necessidade de estudos relacionados à qualidade e aplicação desses materiais. Com isso, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o teor de extrativos e de celulose da madeira de Ipê submetida ao processo de modificação térmica. Para realização do estudo foram abatidos quatro indivíduos de Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, com 11 anos de idade. Posteriormente, confeccionaram-se amostras de 2,5 x 2,5 x 41 cm, as quais foram acondicionadas em estufa com circulação de ar forçada, nas temperaturas de 120, 150, 180 e 210 ºC, por um período de 4 h. Em seguida, porções aleatórias dos corpos de prova foram seccionadas e trituradas em moinho de facas, e então, peneiradas na fração de 40/60 mesh, para a realização dos ensaios químicos de teor de extrativos totais e teor de celulose. Os dados foram processados e submetidos ao teste de médias de Tukey, utilizando o software R. Os resultados das propriedades químicas estudadas indicaram variações de acordo com as temperaturas, não apresentando uma tendência de estabilização entre os tratamentos aplicados. Uma relação entre o comportamento dessas propriedades com as demais características tecnológicas dos trabalhos disponíveis na literatura foi observada. De modo geral, são recomendados mais estudos acerca das propriedades químicas da madeira dessa espécie associados a aplicação de altas temperaturas.

The demand for products from wood has been expanding, because of this, there is a need for studies related to the quality and application of these materials. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate the extractive and cellulose content of Ipê wood submitted to the thermal modification process. To carry out the study, four individuals of Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos, 11 years old, were slaughtered. Subsequently, samples measuring 2.5 x 2.5 x 41 cm were prepared and placed in an oven with forced air circulation, at temperatures of 120, 150, 180 and 210 °C, for a period of 4 h. Then, random portions of the specimens were sectioned and ground in a knife mill, and then, sieved in the 40/60 mesh fraction, to carry out the chemical tests of total extractives and cellulose content. The data were processed and submitted to the Tukey average test, using the R software. The results of the chemical properties studied indicated variations according to the temperatures, not showing a stabilization trend between the treatments applied. A relationship between the behavior of these properties and the other technological characteristics of the works available in the literature was observed. In general, further studies are recommended on the chemical properties of wood of this species associated with the application of high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Introdução É importante saber se o hipoclorito de sódio (NaOCl) influencia a resistência à fadiga cíclica das limas de níquel-titânio (NiTi). Objetivo Avaliar a influência de NaOCl 2,5% na resistência à fadiga cíclica de dois sistemas de NiTi. Material e método: 40 instrumentos rotatórios – 20 TruNatomy® (TRU, Dentsply Sirona, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Suíça) e 20 Prodesing Logic2® (PDL2, Bassi, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil) – foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em 4 grupos experimentais (n = 10) imersos em água destilada (H2O) e NaOCl 2,5% em temperatura a 37°C. Foram submetidos a testes de fadiga cíclica mensurando o número de ciclos para fratura (NCF) e análise dessas superfícies pós-teste em microscópio eletrônico por varredura. Para a análise estatística entre os grupos, foi aplicada a análise de variância (ANOVA), complementada com o pós-teste de Tukey. Resultado Houve diferença estatística em todos os grupos (P < 0,05). Os instrumentos PDL2 obtiveram maior resistência à fratura nas condições em H2O e em NaOCl 2,5% comparados aos instrumentos TRU. Na análise de grupos de instrumentos nas soluções de NaOCl e H2O, foi observado que o NaOCl 2,5% diminuiu o NCF. Conclusão A resistência à fadiga cíclica dos instrumentos TRU e PDL2 diminuiu com NaOCl 2,5%. Os instrumentos PDL2 foram mais resistentes à fratura em relação aos instrumentos TRU.

Copyright of Revista do Instituto de Laticínios Cândido Tostes is the property of Revista do Instituto de Laticinios Candido Tostes and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of titanium dental implants for the total or partial rehabilitation of masticatory function is a common clinical practice in dentistry. These implants have osseointegration and are produced by machining titanium bars. The possibility of using additive manufacturing (MA) to make complex parts opens up the possibility of manufacturing custom implants. A disadvantage of the Ti alloy MA is that the products require heat treatment to relieve residual stresses arising from rapid cooling during manufacture. The present work aimed to produce dental implants of Ti-6Al-4V ELI by MA and to analyze the influence of sub-βtrans heat treatment on hardness and microstructure. The implants were subjected to heat treatments at temperatures of 400, 450, and 500 oC, which are inferior to the transformation of the α-β phase (sub-βtrans) of the alloy. Before and after the heat treatments, microstructure analyzes of the implants were performed by optical and scanning electron microscopy, the phase transformation temperatures were quantified by differential scanning calorimetry, the phases were identified by X-ray diffraction and the Vickers microhardness was determined. The microhardness and grain size data were subjected to statistical analysis. The results showed that all heat treatments changed the microstructure and microhardness of the implants. The most relevant changes in the microstructure were in the samples treated at 500 oC, indicating that this heat treatment induces greater stress relief without reducing the hardness of the implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Poder Aéreo is the property of Escuela de Postgrados de la Fuerza Aerea Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

O presente estudo objetivou avaliar possíveis alterações nas propriedades das madeiras de Eucalyptus cloeziana e E. grandis modificadas termicamente sob condições hidrotérmicas e de congelamento. Foram amostradas cinco árvores de cada espécie com 20 anos de idade, sendo retirada de cada árvore a primeira tora de 3 m. Foram confeccionados 12 corpos de prova próximos à casca e 12 próximos à medula para cada espécie, com dimensões de 2,0 x 2,0 x 30,0 cm, totalizando 48 corpos de prova. Foram realizados os ensaios de flexão dinâmica, colorimetria e espectroscopia no infravermelho por reflectância total atenuada. Os métodos de tratamento térmico empregados não prejudicaram as propriedades mecânicas da madeira e não afetaram as suas massas específicas aparentes. O tratamento de aquecimento em água implicou em maiores variações das propriedades químicas da madeira. Essas variações, possivelmente, contribuíram para as mudanças de cor na madeira.

O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor estratégias para otimizar o aproveitamento energético de biogás e lodo nas plantas de tratamento anaeróbio de esgoto (ETEs) da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Método aplicado: a) caracterizar as ETEs (ano 2017 e 2043); b) estimar a produção de biogás e lodo; c) analisar a viabilidade de diferentes cenários; d) calcular o índice de desempenho dos cenários. Resultados: ano 2017) 6 ETEs viáveis (840 MWh.mês-1); ano 2043) 11 ETEs viáveis (2.335 MWh.mês-1). Conclusão: pelo menos 26% das ETEs apresentaram viabilidade para aproveitamento do biogás e lodo em 2017 e 38% em 2043. O índice de desempenho construído a partir de indicadores de produtividade e financeiro mostrou-se promissor na gestão de alternativas de recuperação energética.

Os metabolitos secundários também conhecidos como fatores anti-nutricionais, nada mais são do que componentes naturais responsáveis por exercerem funções fisiológicas nos vegetais. São substâncias que, mesmo em estado vestigial, reduzem ou impedem a utilização de um elemento nutritivo, seja no nível digestivo, ou no nível metabólico. Entretanto devido a relevante importância na nutrição animal que alguns ingredientes exercem, estes precisam passar por um processo químico ou físico para viabilizar seu uso na nutrição animal, sem, entretanto, ter que “sofrer” com efeitos adversos do consumo excessivo de determinados compostos secundários. Deste modo, a presente revisão tem como objetivo elucidar sobre as estratégias para diminuição dos efeitos inerentes aos fatores antinutricionais na dieta dos animais. O tratamento térmico, extrusão, peletização e moagem são métodos muito utilizados para redução e/ ou inativação de substâncias indesejáveis em alimentos. Além disso, alguns animais naturalmente e evolutivamente desenvolveram estratégias para conviver com estes fatores.

This article proposes strategies to optimize the energy use of biogas and sludge in anaerobic sewage treatment plants (WWTPs). The research is applied and descriptive, in a case study in the metropolitan region of Curitiba. The procedures used were: survey of qualitative (documentary) and quantitative (secondary) data from the WWTPs; computational simulation of the biogas and sludge production of the WWTPs; financial and performance analysis of strategies. The energy recovery strategies obtained were (in 2043): thermal drying and motor generator in 6 WWTPs (1,680 MWh.month-1 avoided); biogas engine in 5 WWTPs (655 MWh.month-1 avoided); sludge for integrated WWTP and the burning of biogas in 18 WWTPs. Conclusion: at least 26% of the WWTPs showed performance and financial viability for the use of biogas and sludge in 2017 and 38% in 2043. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of thermal modifications, at different temperatures and exposure times, on the technological properties of mixed particleboard / OSB panels made out of Eucalyptus badjensis. Using the wood of Eucalyptus badjensis, Particleboard, OSB and mixed Particleboard/OSB panels (control and thermally modified) were manufactured. The mixed panels’ thermal modification was carried out under three temperatures (180ºC, 200ºC and 220ºC) and two exposure times (10 minutes and 12 minutes). For the panels’ manufacturing, 6% of phenol-formaldehyde adhesive and 1% of paraffin were employed, which was calculated based on the particles’ dry mass. The water absorption and thickness swelling properties were evaluated after 2 and 24 hours of immersion, in addition to the panels’ modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture and internal bond. Based on the results, we were able to conclude that the thermal modification affected most of the physical properties positively. From the different exposure times studied, the most effective one was the period of 12 minutes, especially for water absorption after 2 hours, which caused a reduction of 11.27%. In turn, the most effective temperature was of 220ºC, highlighting the thickness swelling after 24 hours, which caused a swelling decrease of 23.76% in comparison with the control panels. Regarding the mechanical properties, the thermal modification, in terms of the studied exposure times and temperatures, did not affect the results of the mixed particleboard /OSB panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Producao Online is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia de Producao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Citrus paradisi Macfad are an excellent source of nutrients and important phytochemicals for a healthy diet. In this context, the knowledge of the chemical composition of foods is fundamental to evaluate the nutrient contents and their health benefits. However, one of the problems related to the consumption of pomelo is the bitter taste that comes from the naringin present in the peel, making it important to develop a flour with a reduced content of bitter taste. The determinations were made in the peel, flavedo, and albedo, in the flour obtained by thermal processing of 48 hours, flour by thermal processing of 72 hours, flour processed and washed in cold water and crushed flour, washed in cold water and processed. To determine ascorbic acid, the titration method was used, and the other bioactives were determined by spectrophotometry. Aqueous, hydroacetonic, and ethanolic extracts were used to determine the total phenolic compounds, total tannins. Antioxidant activity was determined by the photocolorimetric method of the stable free radical DPPH. The flour with 72-hour thermal processing had decreased its concentration of bioactive, and the flour that has been obtained by the peel and albedo before being processed had the highest concentrations; thereof, highlighting discrepant increase of ascorbic acid relative to the other. The carotenoid content showed no significant differences between the samples. Among all treatments, the flour obtained by cold water processing, not being crushed before being processed, had reduced the bitterness of naringin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The companies in the forestry sector seek highly durable wood, prioritizing the use of planted forests, and the thermal treatment is a viable alternative to provide quality to these woods. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the resistance of the heat-treated Pinus taeda L wood by the attack of white rot fungus Trametes versicolor (L.) CG Lloyd. The P. taeda L. wood was deployed in joinery to obtain samples with dimensions of 30 x 15 x 2.5 cm (length x width x thickness), being treated at temperatures of 140, 160 and 180°C. From these, 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 cm specimens were obtained and subjected to the fungus for six weeks. The accelerated rot test was carried out in accordance with the ASTM D2017 standard. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (T1 = 0; T2 = 140°C; T3 = 160°C and T4 = 180°C) and nine replications. The loss of mass caused by the fungus was less in heat treated wood. On the other hand, the increase in temperature did not provide greater resistance to the material. In conclusion, heat treatment has reduced the degradation caused by the white rot fungus Trametes versicolor. Heat treatment at 140°C is indicated to avoid loss of mass in P. taeda L. woods submitted to the fungus T. versicolor. All treated woods were classified as highly resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RGO: Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia is the property of RGO: Revista Gaucha de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study an industrial kaolin was subjected to high temperatures for one and two hours in order to eliminate plasticity and swelling properties. This heat-treated kaolin (HTK) was then evaluated for use as a substitute for natural mineral filler (passing No. 200 sieve; 6% by total mass of aggregate) in a Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). The Marshall stability and flow test and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) test were performed to evaluate responses of HMA mixtures. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tests were carried out on kaolin (with and without thermal treatment). Effects of temperature and time of exposure on the penetration index (PI) and free swell index (FSI) of the HTK are also presented. Increased resistance under monotonic load and moisture damage was found when the natural mineral filler was completely replaced by the HTK. In contrast, when kaolin (K) that has not been heat-treated is used resistance and damage noticeably decrease especially in the presence of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ingeniería - UPTC is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Eletrônica de Materiais e Processos is the property of Revista Eletronica de Materiaia e Processos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to evaluate the natural durability of wood submitted to heat treatments and exposed in a field environment. Were used Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus taeda species, being selected five trees selected for each species studied, which were unfolded, dried in a conventional drying kiln, and later submitted to the heat treatments using temperatures of 140 and 160 °C. Subsequently 75 specimens of each species were prepared, which were tested in the field during six months of exposure, and the evaluations of the samples occurring every 40 days. The evaluation included the analysis of climatic variables, potential of fungal attack and the mass loss (%) of the woods, being the statistical analysis of the data by ANOVA for mass loss (%), in a completely randomized design with triple factorial arrangement, for the factor specie in two levels, factor thermal treatment in tree levels (control, 140 and 160 °C) and time of exposure in five levels (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 days of exposure). Eucalyptus and pine treated at 160 °C presented respectively the highest and lowest resistance to mass loss. All woods are classified by the average values as very resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Clinical Dentistry & Research is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Wood Science / Revista Ciência da Madeira is the property of Brazilian Journal of Wood Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Um conjunto de painéis de fibras de alta densidade, colados com uma resina de melamina/ureia-formaldeído, foi submetido a operações de prensagem a quente, de modo a estudar a influência desta operação nas propriedades do substrato. Usou-se uma prensa de pratos, a uma pressão que permitisse um contacto firme entre os painéis e os pratos da prensa. Foi desenvolvido um plano experimental para três temperaturas diferentes de 95, 180 e 210 º C e dois tempos de prensagem, de 22 e 35 segundos, para cada uma delas. Os painéis foram fabricados com fibras de pinho (Pinus pinaster) a uma densidade média de 930 kg/m3 e espessura média de 6,7 mm. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, as operações de pós-fabrico dos painéis de alta densidade resultaram numa ligeira melhoria do módulo de elasticidade, da tensão de rotura à flexão estática e da resistência interna dos painéis usados como substrato. Observou-se também uma ligeira diminuição da humidade de equilíbrio e espessura dos painéis, bem como um aumento da densidade e do inchamento, com o aumento da temperatura e tempo de prensagem.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment and ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) in the prevention of chilling injury in mangoes cv. Tommy Atkins previously stored or not under injury condition after their transference to ambient condition. Fruits were divided into groups: two were hydrothermally treated (46.1 ºC/90 min; 55 ºC/5 min) and two were exposed to UV-C radiation (1.14 kJ m-2; 2.28 kJ m-2). These groups were stored under chilling injury conditions (5 ºC for 14 days), as established in preliminary tests. Other untreated groups were stored at 12 ºC or 5 ºC. After the storage period, they were transferred to ambient conditions (21.9 ºC; 55% RH) and the quality was evaluated. All the data were submitted to multivariate analysis as the tool to verify the simultaneous effect of the treatments under the quality parameters. The multivariate analysis indicated that the hydrothermal treatments at 46.1 °C/90 min and 55 °C/5 min and the UV-C radiation at doses of 1.14 kJ m-2 and 2.28 kJ m-2 were effective in minimized the symptoms of chilling injury in mangoes ‘Tommy Atkins’ stored at 5 °C for 14 days. However, after their transference to environmental condition at 21.9 °C, only the UV-C kept this control, especially at a dose of 2.28 kJ m-2. This treatment did not prevent the development of the characteristic color or affected the normal ripening and allowed the conservation of fruit for a period of 14 days at 5 °C, plus seven days of storage at environmental condition, which corresponds to the shipping transportation plus the time for sale.

RESUMO Os objetivos deste estudo foram os seguintes: a) observar o efeito de termorretificação sobre a durabilidade natural da madeira de Eucalyptus tereticornis e Corymbia citriodora após ataque de fungos causadores de podridão-branca (Trametes versicolor eGanoderma applanatum); b) avaliar parâmetros colorimétricos após a submissão das madeiras a tratamentos térmicos e aos fungos T. versicolor e G. applanatum. Para realização do estudo, corpos de prova de ambas as espécies foram submetidos aos tratamentos: T1 - testemunha; T2 - autoclave (120 °C) a 1,5 kgf/cm2 durante 1 h; T3 - estufa laboratorial (180 °C) por 4 h; e T4 - térmico combinado [120 °C (1 h) + 180 °C (4 h)]. Posteriormente, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao apodrecimento acelerado, sendo expostos às duas espécies de fungos por 16 semanas. Após esse período, foram avaliadas a perda de massa e as variáveis colorimétricas, através dos parâmetros L*, a*, b*, C* e hº antes e depois do ataque pelos fungos. De acordo com os resultados, E. tereticornis e C. citriodora foram classificados como altamente resistentes a fungos apodrecedores, exceto no tratamento testemunha de C. citriodora submetido ao ataque de G. applanatum, o qual foi classificado como resistente. Com os tratamentos T3 e T4, a perda de massa foi reduzida em ambas as espécies de madeira. As maiores mudanças nos parâmetros colorimétricos ocorreram devido ao tratamento térmico e à pouca variação observada com o ataque dos fungos apodrecedores. Houve redução da variável claridade (L*) e queda das matrizes vermelho (a*) e amarelo (b*), razão por que o tratamento térmico mostrou-se como alternativa para proteção e escurecimento da madeira de eucalipto, tornando-a mais próxima de padrões de coloração de madeiras nobres.

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the deflection-force behavior of nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic wires adjacent to the portion submitted to heat treatment. Material and Methods: A total of 106 segments of NiTi wires (0.019 x 0.025-in) and heat-activated NiTi wires (0.016 x 0.022-in) from four commercial brands were tested. The segments were obtained from 80 archwires. For the experimental group, the distal portion of each segmented archwire was subjected to heat treatment (n = 40), while the other distal portion of the same archwire was used as a heating-free control group (n = 40). Deflection tests were performed in a temperature-controlled universal testing machine. Unpaired Student's t-tests were applied to determine if there were differences between the experimental and control groups for each commercial brand and size of wire. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the tested groups with the same size and brand of wire. Conclusions: Heat treatment applied to the distal ends of rectangular NiTi archwires does not permanently change the elastic properties of the adjacent portions.

Salmonella enterica é um dos mais importantes patógenos associados a fórmulas lácteas infantis (FLI). Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a sobrevivência e crescimento de uma estirpe padrão de Salmonella enterica sorotipo Typhi em duas FLI reconstituídas (F1 e F2) sob diferentes condições de preparo e armazenamento similares às utilizadas em lactários hospitalares. Para ambas as FLI inoculadas e incubadas à temperatura ambiente, observou-se um aumento de 3,3 log na população de S. enterica logo nas primeiras 24 horas de incubação e um aumento superior a 4,5 log ao término de 72 horas. A 4ºC, nas primeiras 48 h de incubação, houve leve aumento populacional (< 1,0 log) e, após 72 horas, o crescimento foi similar ao observado sob temperatura ambiente. Em relação ao aquecimento em banho-maria, verificou-se que a 60ºC/ 5 min houve uma redução de um pouco mais de 1 log UFC/ml, entretanto, a 60ºC/ 10 min, a queda observada foi de 2,8 log em F1 e de 2,3 log em F2. Já a 70ºC/ 5 min, ocorreu redução de cerca de 3 log UFC/ml para F1 e F2, enquanto que por 10 min, essa redução foi cerca de 1 log maior. O aquecimento em forno de micro-ondas mostrou ser a forma mais rápida e eficiente de redução da população de Salmonella nas FLI, uma vez que não foi detectada contagem celular após nenhum dos tratamentos utilizados. Os resultados sugerem que FLI contaminadas durante a etapa de preparo podem apresentar um crescimento bacteriano mesmo sob temperatura de refrigeração se mantidos por tempo prolongado e que determinados métodos de tratamento térmico não são suficientes para inibição completa de S. enterica. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Salmonella enterica is one of the most important pathogens associated with infant milk formulas (IMFs). In this study, the survival and growth of an S. enterica serovar Typhi strain in two reconstituted IMFs (F1 and F2) under different conditions of preparation and storage, similar to those used in hospital lactaries, was evaluated. For both IMFs inoculated at room temperature, there was 3.3 log increase in the population of S. enterica by the first 24 h of incubation and > 4.5 log increase at the end of 72 h. At 4ºC, in the first 48 h of incubation, there was a slight increase in population (< 1.0 log) and after 72 h, growth was similar to that observed at room temperature. A heated water bath was used to test the effect of thermal treatment methods on bacterial viability. At 60ºC for 5 min, there was a reduction of slightly more than 1 log CFU/mL; however, at 60ºC for 10 min, the observed decrease was 2.8 log for F1 and 2.3 log for F2. At 70ºC for 5 min, there was a reduction of approximately 3 log CFU/ml for both IMFs and for 10 min, this reduction was approximately 1 log higher. Heating in a microwave oven was the most efficient way of reducing populations of Salmonella in the IMFs, as bacterial cell counts were not detected after any of the treatments used. Our results suggest that IMF contamination during the preparation step may support bacterial growth even under refrigeration if kept for a prolonged time and that some thermal treatment methods are not sufficient for the complete inhibition of S. enterica.

In this work the influence of different isothermal heat treatments on phase fraction (ferrite, austenite and sigma) and its effects on mechanical properties of duplex stainless steel UNS S31803 were investigated. It has been performed heat treatments varying temperature and aging time. The quantification of phases were analyzed through light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and the mechanical properties were evaluated using uniaxial tensile and Charpy-V impact tests. The results of primary phases have indicated that the austenite fraction was higher than ferrite in all conditions studied. On the other hand, high amounts of sigma phase were observed on the isothermal long time annealing conditions. Furthermore, the results of impact test of samples with low soaking time and, smaller fraction of sigma phase, were the ones that reached the highest values of impact energy absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selection of metallic materials between different options available in the international market is a challenge for the engineer's work. Choosing materials that combine mechanical resistance and physicochemical properties allied to low cost becomes a great effort to metallurgical industries. Thus, this work aims to perform an analysis of variance (ANOVA) on thermally treated tool steels for the wear resistance response variable. For this, five tool steels were selected: four materials produced by powder metallurgy and a conventional steel, which were heat treated and vacuum tempered. Wear resistance was determined by the "Pin and disc" method according to ASTM G99-05 standard. The materials were tested with two types of finish: rectified and polished, conditions commonly used by the metallurgical industry. Based on the tribological results, the ANOVA and multiple comparison test (MCT) methods were used, which allowed to evaluate the significance and interactions of the wear results among the tested materials. The results presented the best response of the variable W (wear parameter), the importance of the variable "steel", as well as the non-influence of the finish between the tested materials. Finally, the materials could be grouped according to similarity in statistical behavior, allowing the selection of steel with the lowest cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction. Spinels are metal oxides generally used for their chemical, electrical and magnetic properties. The occupation of transition metals in tetrahedral and octahedral positions generates characteristics of technological interest and the study of the interaction of the material with external fields is motivating and justifiable. The synthesis of spinels has commonly been using the traditional method (ceramic), but to obtain better control in the particle size alternative methods have been chosen, among them the method of combustion in solution. Objective. Synthesize the spinel by the combustion method in solution and study the phase transitions as a function of temperature. Materials and methods. The compound was synthesized (for x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) by combustion in solution, using metallic nitrates and glycine as fuel, generating an ignition around 1500 ° C approximately. Results The samples were characterized morphologically (SEM), compositionally (EDS), structurally (XRD), thermogravimetrically (TGA) and calorimetrically (DSC). The characterization was carried out for precalcined samples (without thermal treatment), heated to 750 and 850 ° C, this in order to compare the results obtained in the characterizations of the compounds and thereby identify the physical changes generated by the formation of secondary phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to develop heat treatment parameters of an austempered cast iron alloy ASTM 897 / A 897M - 1400/1100/1, aiming at the production of a truck spring support. The austempered nodular cast iron, known by the acronym ADI - Austempered Ductile Iron - is a class of nodular cast iron that, after austempered thermal treatment, increases significantly its mechanical properties and tenacity (Machado, 2007). Mechanical and metallographic tests demonstrated the great influence that the level of microshrinkage has on the elongation and mechanical resistance of the material. Generally, tensile tests demonstrate high elongation due to minimal presence of microshrinkage and segregations in the metallic matrix of the material, as well as to the presence of austenite with high carbon retained in the ADI matrix. Analyzes were performed to determine if the mechanical properties required by ASTM 897 / A897M were achieved. Within this standard, four degrees can be obtained. The degree of interest in this study was 1400/1100/1, which is the grade requested by the company, so that the truck spring support can be put into service. Tensile, Charpy and optical microscopy tests were carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a source of nutrients and contains phenolic compounds that act as antioxidants. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic compounds and tannins in two bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): the biofortified carioca bean (Pontal) and the common bean (commercial). The antioxidant activity of the phenolic compounds and their fractions was also measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) methods. The thermal processing decreased the phenolic compounds, tannins and the antioxidant activity of beans. The Pontal cultivar exhibited higher levels of phenolic compounds even after cooking. For cooked beans, higher antioxidant activity was observed in the commercial beans by the DPPH method. Regarding to the fractions, in general, lower values of antioxidant activity by DPPH were observed for beans after cooking, except for fraction 6 of the Pontal bean and fraction 3 of the commercial bean. For fraction 4 no significant differences were observed by the ABTS method for both cultivars after thermal processing.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento térmico em algumas propriedades de painéis de partículas, produzidos com resíduos de embalagens de Pinus sp. Foi utilizado o adesivo à base de ureia-formaldeído, na quantidade de 8%. O experimento foi desenvolvido em um fatorial 4 x 3 x 3, sendo quatro proporções de partículas (25, 50, 75 e 100%), termorretificadas, três temperaturas de tratamento térmico (180, 200 e 220 ºC) e três repetições, totalizando 36 painéis. Foram produzidos mais três painéis com partículas sem tratamento térmico (testemunhas), totalizando 39 painéis. A absorção de água, inchamento em espessura e resistência à tração perpendicular foram determinadas de acordo com a Norma ABNT/NBR 14810-3 (2002). Os resultados desses testes foram comparados com os valores estabelecidos nas Normas ABNT/NBR 14810-3 (2002) e DIN 68 761 (1) (1961). A estabilidade dimensional dos painéis aumentou com a adição de partículas termorretificadas, enquanto as propriedades mecânicas foram reduzidas. O efeito da adição de partículas termorretificadas nas propriedades dos painéis é maior à medida que se utilizam maiores temperaturas de tratamento térmico.