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Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) are often comorbid and difficult to treat. The availability of evidence-based treatment guidelines is very limited and there is significant uncertainty about what best practice looks like. Objective: This paper describes the methodology used to develop expert recommendations for the assessment and psychological treatment of PTSD and comorbid SUD and presents the final recommendations. Methodology: A small committee of experts in the field of PTSD and SUD was formed on behalf of the European Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (ESTSS) Board. The committee developed recommendations based on a two-stage process. In the first stage a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions aimed at treating PTSD-SUD comorbidity was completed, and other recent relevant reviews systematic were also considered. To complement the recommendations based on systematic review, the second stage involved the review and collation of existing guidance, good practice and consensus recommendations made in methodologically rigorous clinical practice guidelines. Results: The two-stage process resulted in 9 recommendations related to assessment and 21 recommendations related to treatment planning and delivery. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to provide expert recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature and through collation of guidance provided in other authoritative and reliable sources. These expert recommendations will provide helpful guidance to clinicians and service providers in both addiction and mental health settings about appropriate clinical care for those with PTSD SUD comorbidity. This project aimed to develop expert recommendations for the assessment and psychological treatment of PTSD and comorbid substance use disorder. Trauma-focused psychological intervention combined with treatment for SUD is the most effective treatment for PTSD symptoms and for alcohol use disorder treatment benefits appear to be strongest when combined with alcohol targeted pharmacotherapy. The presence of co-occurring SUD should not prevent or exclude individuals from receiving established evidence-based treatments for PTSD and readiness to engage in evidence-based treatment should be evaluated on an individual basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen La sintomatología de Covid persistente aparece en 1-2 de cada 10 personas infectadas por el virus SARS-CoV-2 y pueden presentar severas dificultades de adaptación a su nueva condición de salud. Por un lado, este artículo presenta nuestra propuesta de tratamiento psicológico grupal basada en la ya conocida terapia de aceptación y compromiso. Se ha descrito brevemente el contenido de la psicoterapia sesión a sesión y se han detallado los aspectos formales para su correcta implementación y posibilidad de replicación. Por otro lado, se describen las particularidades metodológicas de un ensayo controlado aleatorizado: diseño experimental pre-post con asignación aleatoria a dos modalidades de tratamiento; criterios de inclusión y exclusión de la muestra; proceso de reclutamiento y aleatorización, procedimiento, variables e instrumentos de evaluación y análisis y contraste estadístico de los resultados. El protocolo que hemos elaborado pretende evaluar, de forma metodológicamente rigurosa, la efectividad de un tratamiento específicamente dirigido a mejorar la calidad de vida y el funcionamiento psicosocial de las personas que sufren síntomas persistentes de Covid-19. Los resultados permitirán saber si dicho tratamiento es realmente eficaz.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious mental disorder, which is associated with emotional and cognitive functioning problems. Psychological interventions, such as trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (tf-CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) are effective in reducing PTSD symptoms. Despite evidence showing that PTSD is associated with neurocognitive deficits, there is no systematic overview available on neurocognitive outcomes following treatment for PTSD. The current systematic review examined whether psychological treatments for PTSD improve neurocognitive functioning outcomes related to memory, attention, information processing, and executive functioning. A literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, PTSDpubs, and Cochrane Library was performed up to March 7, 2022, in collaboration with a medical information specialist. Eligible PTSD treatment studies examining neurocognitive outcomes (memory, attention, information processing and executive function) in patients with a DSM-IV or ICD diagnosis of PTSD were included. Of the 3023 titles and abstracts identified, 9 articles met inclusion criteria, of which 5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 4 non-randomized studies. Treatments included were cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), brief eclectic psychotherapy (BEP), eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), virtual reality graded exposure therapy (VR-GET), and resilience-oriented treatment (ROT). This systematic review showed that psychological treatments for PTSD do not affect most neurocognitive functions, with exception of the memory outcomes. Future research, high-quality studies are needed to provide evidence of the effect of psychological treatment in improving neurocognitive functioning in PTSD. This systematic review investigated the effects of psychological treatments on neurocognitive functioning in adults with PTSD. This review showed that most studies were very heterogeneous in design, method, and analysis. This review supports the evidence for psychological treatments for PTSD on improving memory outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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RESUMEN Introducción. El manejo de los trastornos emocionales (trastornos depresivos y de ansiedad) se ha convertido en uno de los principales retos para nuestros sistemas de salud en España y a nivel mundial. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar de forma crítica la situación actual del tratamiento psicológico de los trastornos emocionales, así como el papel de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la mejora de la accesibilidad y la coste-efectividad de la psicoterapia para esta patología. Métodos. Se ha revisado de forma crítica la literatura revisando literatura recientemente publicada en las principales bases de datos (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Cochrane Library). Resultados. La explosión de las nuevas tecnologías en el campo de la salud ha permitido numerosos avances en el manejo de los trastornos emocionales que van desde el uso de evaluaciones e intervenciones ecológicas momentáneas apoyadas en aplicaciones web y móviles que permiten la monitorización y el tratamiento en tiempo real de forma remota, hasta el uso de avatares que permiten mejorar la alianza terapéutica con los tratamientos autoaplicados mediante tecnología. El auge de los tratamientos transdiagnósticos y de la terapia centrada en procesos, así como el surgimiento de diferentes aplicaciones de inteligencia artificial, también ofrecen soluciones prometedoras para que los tratamientos psicológicos para los trastornos emocionales sean más personalizados, escalables y coste-efectivos. Discusión. Disponemos ya de ejemplos de éxito de tratamientos autoaplicados mediante nuevas tecnologías en los modelos de atención por pasos, siendo éstos un primer escalón en la atención a esta población. Sin embargo, estamos frente a un campo de conocimiento relativamente nuevo con poca evidencia de aplicación en contextos clínicos reales y donde las innovaciones suelen probarse de forma poco integrada. En ese trabajo se proponen algunas líneas de trabajo para facilitar este cambio de paradigma hacia un modelo más sostenible, escalable, accesible y coste-efectivo para el tratamiento de los trastornos emocionales. Para ello, se propone integrar diversas innovaciones tanto en la metodología de monitorización como en el tratamiento, siempre con el apoyo de las nuevas tecnologías.

Improving the efficacy of depression treatment is a clinical necessity. «Synergy» is the systematic process in which different treatments of and approaches to mood disorders are evaluated and made to work coherently to optimize their results. Depression treatment has shown to benefit from the synergy of pharmacological and psychological processes. Our aim was to evaluate present evidence as to synergizing psychological therapy and pharmacotherapy in mood disorders, reflecting the related brain systems and circulating biological substances. Multiple brain regions are involved in mood disorders, resulting in multiple-target effects of substances, each influencing neurobiological balance, and depending on individual aspects. Large studies showed that psychological treatment may, overall, be more effective than medication. However, the synergy of both provided significantly increased effects that were largely independent of each other, and each added about 50% to the overall effects of combined treatment. Identified neuropsychobiological pathways were found, as well as appreciable evidence that, in depression, the synergy of both treatments can be expected to produce better results through reciprocal effects in cortical, subcortical and visceral systems. In compromised situations such as pregnancy and adolescence, psychological treatments for mood disorders may have preference over drug treatment, but synergy remains essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substance use disorder (SUD) affects the relationship and care of children, promoting abusive behaviors. The parental-filial relationship can improve with the development of parental competences (PC) in users of treatment programs for SUD. However, few programs prioritize intervention over these skills. The objective of this study is to verify the influence of SUD on the development of negligent behaviors and to analyze the influence of SUD treatment on PC, considering the previous trajectory of consumption and treatment (TCT), the legal situation (LS), and socio-family background (SFB). The sample is made up of 67 users of a SUD treatment program in Chile, with at least one child under the age of 12. One hundred percent of users engage in negligent behavior. After nine months of treatment, PCs improved significantly. TCT and SFBs influence the development and improvement of PCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavioral economics is a discipline that can be useful for studying the aspects involved in the genesis and maintenance of addictive behaviors through the application of the principles of economics and psychology. In the addictions field, this discipline has been beneficial not only in accounting for the severity of addictions, but also in designing universal and selective prevention strategies, as well as treatments. However, the described model remains largely unknown among psychologists. The aim of this work is to present the principles of behavioral economics and bring the reader closer to the methodology used in this field. Evidence is presented of its application in the understanding of addictive behaviors. Clinical implications for assessment, prevention, and psychological treatment are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the evaluation, follow-up, and psychological support of morbidly obese patients who have undergone bariatric surgery. We have carried out a bibliographic review of the current situation on this subject and we present our monitoring model, defining the variables that it is necessary to evaluate and the areas in which these patients need support. The number of publications on these aspects is increasing, and there is growing evidence of the emergence of an eating pathology after bariatric surgery, which hinders the expected weight loss. Finally, this work attempts to justify the importance of the follow-up of these patients after surgery, beyond limiting ourselves to presurgical selection and preparation, as well as the need to adapt diagnostic criteria and evaluation instruments to this specific population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of therapeutic interventions for victims and perpetrators of dating violence among adolescents and young people published between 1997 to 2019 in Spanish, English, French and Portuguese. The search was conducted by two independent researchers in SCOPUS, EBSCO, psyINFO, ScienceDirect, Redalyc, Web of Science, Pubmed, Proquest and manual searching. Ten therapeutic interventions were selected for victims and perpetrators of dating violence. Most of the programs were developed in the United States and three in Ibero-America. In general, these investigations report significant effects in reduction of dating violence. However, it is considered necessary for the next interventions to evaluate the behavioral change on short and long term and their effects in revictimization based on experimental designs in different contexts or communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Few controlled trials have assessed the impact of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on symptoms and functioning in bipolar disorder (BD). This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of MBCT adjunctive group treatment., Material and Methods: Randomized, prospective, multicenter, single-blinded trial that included BP-outpatients with subthreshold depressive symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned to three arms: treatment as usual (TAU); TAU plus psychoeducation; and TAU plus MBCT. Primary outcome was change in Hamilton-D score; secondary endpoints were change in anxiety, hypo/mania symptoms and functional improvement. Patients were assessed at baseline (V1), 8 weeks (V2) and 6 months (V3). Main hypothesis was that adjunctive MBCT would improve depressive symptoms more than psychoeducation., Results: Eighty-four participants were recruited (MBCT=40, Psychoeducation=34, TAU=10). Depressive symptoms improved in the three arms between V1 and V2 (p<0.0001), and between V1 and V3 (p<0.0001), and did not change between V2 and V3. At V3 no significant differences between groups were found. There were no significant differences in other measures either., Conclusions: In our BD population we did not find superiority of adjunctive MBCT over adjunctive Psychoeducation or TAU on subsyndromal depressive symptoms; neither on anxiety, hypo/mania, relapses, or functioning., (Copyright © 2021 SEP y SEPB. Published by Elsevier España S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Copyright of Revista de Psicoterapia is the property of Revista de Psiquiatria y Psicologia Humanista, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Psicoterapia is the property of Revista de Psiquiatria y Psicologia Humanista, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background. Current literature shows that posttraumatic stress disorder and complex posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms differ. Although the psychological treatments available for posttraumatic disorder are well established, little is known about the effectiveness of those aimed at the treatment of complex posttraumatic stress. Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of psychological treatments for complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Method. A systematic qualitative search was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, searching four psychological and health electronic databases: Medline, Pilots, PsycINFO, and Pubmed. Three reviewers independently selected the studies in two phases: preselection (criteria for complex posttraumatic stress disorder, replicable psychological treatment, and treatment effect) and selection (additional criteria: type of study, participants, and treatment). Results. Of the 615 studies reviewed, 25 were preselected, eight of which met the inclusion and methodological quality criteria. Five studies explored adult populations (with one exception, all were randomized clinical trials) and three child populations (clinical studies with pre- post-treatment design, with and without control group). Most studies with adult populations included psychoeducation, cognitive restructuration, and exposure therapy. The studies with child samples included EMDR and mindfulness as the most frequent treatment components. Discussion and conclusion. The evidence was insufficient to determine the most effective treatment. More research on this issue is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article makes a descriptive analysis of the personality profiles, other possible psychopathological disorders as well as socio-demographic factors and the characteristics of the substances used in the population of drug addicts in “Proyecto Hombre Valladolid”. The EuropASI and MCMI-III tests were applied. The results show that the profile of the user is mostly a male (84.91%), single (68.87%), with an average age of 33.08; who has primary education studies (65.09%), whose habitual or last occupation has been a work without previous training (82.1%) and its main source of income has come from his primary support network (52.38%); he is a consumer of various substances, mainly alcohol along with other drugs (27.36%), cocaine (19.81%) and cannabis (16.04%). The most prevalent clinical patterns of personality types are antisocial (25.5%) paranoid (13.2%) and narcissistic (11.3%). The more common clinical syndromes of moderate severity in addition to dependence on substances (81.1%), are anxiety disorder (63.2%) and alcohol dependence (33.9%), while among serious clinical syndromes the disorder of thought (24.5%) and delusional disorder (22.6%) are on top. These results agree with other studies analysed. In conclusion, the article points out the importance of conducting a prior assessment of all users that demand treatment to plan the objectives for that treatment in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A substantial percentage of primary care (PC) visits are motivated by some type of emotional disorder, especially depression, anxiety and somatization. These common mental disorders represent a significant burden for the people affected and for the society. Despite the availability of effective psychological therapies for these disorders, psychological interventions are rarely used in PC. The aim of the Psychology in Primary Care (PsicAP) project is to demonstrate the efficacy of a transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural group therapy to treat the most prevalent emotional disorders in PC. This therapy, which involves only 7 sessions, is especially appropriate for PC settings. In the present article, we present the treatment manual, session by session, with extracts that illustrate key contents of the sessions. Finally, we discuss the implications of a protocol of this type at a time when clinical psychologists and clinical psychology interns are starting to be integrated into the PC setting in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fumar es la primera causa de morbi-mortalidad de los países desarrollados. Más de 58.000 personas mueren prematuramente en España por fumar. La psicología dispone de tratamientos psicológicos eficaces para el tratamiento de la dependencia del tabaco, pero no siempre se usan ni se conocen lo suficiente. En este artículo se analiza la eficacia del tratamiento psicológico junto a distintas barreras que impiden una mayor utilización del mismo, sobre todo por la competencia de los fármacos y la infravaloración que se viene haciendo en distintos sectores del tratamiento psicológico, de modo semejante a lo que ocurre con otros trastornos (ej., depresión). Se proponen distintas estrategias para mejorar el impacto de nuestros tratamientos y cómo hacerlo más visible, sobre todo porque estamos ante un tratamiento de primera elección para las personas que fuman.

Background. Although the presence of a gambling disorder (GD) together with another mental disorder poses special treatment challenges, such as relapses, severe outcomes for patients and families, and increased number of hospitalizations, there are only a few critical reviews in the literature. Objective. To review empirical evidence of psychological approaches to cope specifically with these dual disorders. Method. A narrative review of the relevant bibliography on this topic was carried out. A systematic search of original articles (2010-October 2017) was conducted in MEDLINE and PsycInfo. Key terms were: 1. gambling/gamblers, 2. treatment/intervention/therapy/therapeutics, and 3. dual diagnosis/comorbidity. Results. Current treatment for GD involves a number of different options, including inpatient treatments, intensive outpatient therapy, individual and group cognitive-behavioral options (CBT), self-help groups, and pharmacotherapy. Inpatient care is generally limited to patients with severe acute crises, treatment failures, and severe comorbid disorders, particularly depression and attempted suicide. Treatment for GD with other mental disorder needs more research. CBT, motivational enhancement therapy and self-help groups have some empirical support when GD is comorbid with other addiction, mood disorder, or schizophrenia. Programs that combine pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments for GD into a single comprehensive package are most likely to have good treatment outcomes, at least with regard to treatment retention. Discussion and conclusion. Interventions should be tailored to the needs of the patients. Future research should be concerned about the statistical power of the studies, implement motivational strategies for patients with poor medication adherence, and design measures to study treatment fidelity in the CBT groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen La pericia y la excelencia en Psicología Clínica están siendo objeto de renovado interés en el panorama internacional. Cómo hacen su trabajo los psicólogos clínicos, respecto a qué tratamientos psicológicos aplican, explica gran parte de la variabilidad de los resultados al finalizar el tratamiento. La evidencia relativa a los efectos de la pericia es contradictoria; en gran parte, debido a la ausencia de una definición operativa de consenso. La presente revisión narrativa opinática analiza el estado de la cuestión, presenta una propuesta de definición y busca estimular el debate para que académicos y clínicos contemplen la pericia como una variable clave de la efectividad de los tratamientos. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre el modelo formativo en Psicología Clínica de nuestro entorno y la forma de sistematizar el entrenamiento y la supervisión promoviendo la excelencia en el desempeño clínico a lo largo de todo el ciclo profesional. Abstract Expertise and excellence in Clinical Psychology are receiving renewed interest in the international scene. How clinical psychologists do their work, depending on which psychological treatments they apply, explains a large amount of the variability in treatment outcomes. Evidence concerning the expertise effects is largely contradictory owing to the absence of an operational consensus definition. The present opinative narrative review attempts to analyze the literature on the topic, proposes a definition and pursues to stimulate the debate among academics and clinicians to consider the expertise as a key variable in treatment effectiveness. The Spanish training model in Clinical Psychology is discussed, aiming to systematize the training and supervision in order to promote excellence in clinical performance throughout the professional cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Katharsis is the property of Institucion Universitaria de Envigado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Psicoterapia is the property of Revista de Psiquiatria y Psicologia Humanista, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Cannabis is the most consumed worldwide illegal psychoactive substance, but the demand of treatment is low in comparison with other substances. In recent years, these have been increasing, and with them, so have systematic research on psychosocial treatments for problems with cannabis use. Objectives. The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on psychological treatments for addiction to cannabis, clarifying their effectiveness. Methodology. We have conducted a search in PsycINFO and PubMed database using as keywords "psychological treatment" and "cannabis" and limiting the time period between 2005 and 2015. Finally, we have selected a total of 24 articles. Results. The results of each of the selected articles are presented, divided in two sections: general population and specific for adolescents. Conclusions. First, the effectiveness of psychological treatments in treating problems with cannabis use is highlighted. Second, the combination of contingency management with motivational interviewing and/or cognitive-behavioral therapy seems to be the best tool address the problem. Likewise, the multidimensional family therapy also appears to be outstanding to design treatment programs for adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most Spanish prisons provide specialised treatment for incarcerated sex offenders, both rapists and child molesters. This treatment is a cognitive-behavioural intervention that has shown relative effectiveness in previous research. With regard to offenders' rehabilitation, recidivism assessments are necessary as a final measure of treatment effectiveness. However, the evaluation of recidivism by itself does not provide sufficient information on the treatment process and the specific effects that treated subjects could undergo. This paper aims to analyse the therapeutic effectiveness of psychological treatment provided to rapists (in general, males sentenced for committing a sexual offence against women). To this aim, a group of treated rapists (N = 153) serving a sentence in prison was analysed. Using a specially designed scale (PASSO), the global therapeutic change and ten specific variables (including assertiveness, readiness to change, cognitive distortions, impulsivity, etc.) were assessed. The within-subjects comparison showed that treated sex offenders improved, in therapeutic terms, globally as well as in most of the specific variables assessed (improvements not experimented by the control group). Also, different therapeutic subscales showed relevant associations between them. The findings regarding treatment effectiveness are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between smoking and lung cancer is well established. The leading known cause of lung cancer is the consumption of tobacco, which is responsible for 90% of lung cancer cases. In this article we present the case of a smoker who has had lung cancer in the past (survivor of lung adenocarcinoma a total of twelve years), who requires treatment to stop smoking, motivated by the fear of suffering from lung cancer again and dying from diseases related to the consumption of tobacco. He was given the cognitive-behavioral psychological treatment “Smoking Cessation Program.” It describes the assessment, treatment and subsequent follow-ups over twelve months. The result of this treatment shows that it is possible to quit smoking and remain abstinent from it during a year. This case highlights the physical and psychological benefits of quitting smoking, as well as the increase of health-related quality of life.

El diagnóstico de cáncer y su progresión, genera altos niveles de estrés que se acompañan en algunos casos con alteraciones psicológicas. Objetivos: Analizar la incidencia de alteraciones psicológicas en pacientes con cáncer de mama y su posible modificación mediante un tratamiento cognitivo-conductual, que aplica relajación, imaginación guiada y otras técnicas de control del estrés. Método: Se evaluó la presencia de depresión, ansiedad y alexitimia mediante el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado/Rasgo de Spielberger y la Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto, en 26 pacientes con cáncer de mama y 18 controles sin cáncer, con edad promedio de 48±11 años. Ocho pacientes participaron durante 5 días en un programa de intervención psicosocial, y se midió depresión, ansiedad, alexitimia y bienestar físico percibido, antes y una semana después de participar en el programa. Resultados: Las pacientes presentaron mayor frecuencia de depresión, ansiedad estado y rasgo; las mujeres del grupo control presentaron mayor frecuencia de alexitimia. Se observó mayor severidad de depresión y alexitimia en las pacientes. Un mayor porcentaje de pacientes presentó simultáneamente depresión y ansiedad estado/rasgo. La participación en el programa de apoyo psicosocial determinó disminución en los niveles de ansiedad estado (p

Burnout is associated with a poor perception of health status, psychosomatic disorders and physical illness. The aim of this study is to construct a comprehensive theoretical proposal for a therapeutic intervention that is sensitive to the different clinical manifestations of this state. In order to do this, the frenetic, under-challenged and worn-out subtypes of burnout are presented in a systematic manner, together with the interventions that may provide suitable management for each subtype. Said clinical profiles may represent different stages in the progression of burnout, and have specific dysfunctional mechanisms that require a choice of adjusted intervention strategies according to the characteristics of each particular case. Finally, the degree of dedication to work and its clinical repercussions are put forward as a hypothesis to explain the progressive impairment caused by burnout, and as a target on which primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies could be founded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Empirically supported psychological treatments (ESTs) have demonstrated their effectiveness and clinical utility for the treatment of anxiety disorders (AD) but few studies have assessed the factors associated with premature termination in ESTs for AD. Method: The goals of this study, which involved 291 patients with a diagnosis of anxiety who had received outpatient psychological care, consisted of examining premature termination of treatment (PTT), comparing the individual characteristics of the patients who successfully completed treatment with those who terminate it prematurely, and analyzing the predictors of PTT. Results: Of the sample, 8.2% refused to start treatment, 28.5% dropped out before completing it, and 63.2% successfully completed treatment. In 50% of the cases, PTT occurred during the first 7 sessions, and in 80%, before the 15th session. Alternatively, 76.4% of the patients who complete treatment successfully do so before session 20. We found that patients with PTT attended a significantly lower number of treatment sessions and attended the sessions more irregularly and unpunctual ly. Presenting a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), problems with punctuality and with task performance were predictors of failure to complete treatment. Conclusions: These findings suggest the need to reinforce early adherence to treatments to help patients remain in treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although we have effective treatments for tobacco dependence, relapse is a frequent phenomenon in those who quit. The aim of this study was to analyze whether there were differences by gender in the relapse curve in men and women who participated in a cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation treatment. The sample was composed of 266 individuals (59.8 % women) who were abstinent at the end of treatment. The results indicate that as time after the intervention increases, the percentage of abstinent participant's decreases. However, no significant differences between men and women in the relapse curve were found, which could be explained by the inclusion of effective psychological tools to cope with some of the main causes of relapse (e.g., negative affect) in the treatment. Given the importance of relapse in the smoking cessation process, it is necessary to deepen in its triggers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El sufrimiento que se deriva verbalmente del hecho de padecer una enfermedad de cáncer es una circunstancia a la que se enfrentan todos los pacientes en esa situación. Sin embargo, y a pesar del impacto psicológico que engendra tal circunstancia, el curso de la vida de los pacientes se ve afectado por el afrontamiento ante los miedos, preocupaciones, recuerdos negativos y pensamientos sobre lo que ocurrirá. El afrontamiento con gran credibilidad en tales eventos privados conduce a una limitación y empobrecimiento vital que incrementa el sufrimiento personal. El Trastorno de Evitación Experiencial (TEE) sería un componente central en tales casos que se define por la rigidez conductual frente a los eventos privados. La Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) se está mostrando efectiva para alterar los contextos verbales que tienen atrapado al paciente en el TEE y, por tanto, promueve la flexibilidad conductual. El presente artículo sólo tiene como objetivo una exposición breve de la intervención de ACT con pacientes de cáncer de mama.

El trastorno adaptativo es en la actualidad la psicopatología de diagnóstico más frecuente en pacientes oncológicos. En este artículo se presenta el estudio de un caso de trastorno adaptativo mixto, con ansiedad y estado de ánimo depresivo, en una mujer con recidiva por cáncer de mama. Se ofrece una propuesta de intervención psicológica breve en el marco de la intervención en crisis y de orientación cognitivo - conductual. Se analizan los problemas expresados a nivel fisiológico, motor y cognitivo, y la relación funcional entre éstos y la manifestación del trastorno. Se exponen asimismo los determinantes, antecedentes y consecuentes de la conducta problema. Como métodos de evaluación se empleó una entrevista semiestructurada de elaboración propia y los cuestionarios HAD, STAI y BDI, que indicaron una alta presencia de sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva. La intervención se estructuró en ocho sesiones de hora y media de duración, de periodicidad semanal. Los resultados a nivel cuantitativo y cualitativo evidencian la eficacia de la intervención en el caso de la paciente, y el seguimiento llevado a cabo muestra que los resultados se mantienen. A la vista de los resultados se sugiere que la adecuación de la intervención al modo de funcionamiento del paciente, la selección de objetivos a cumplir por la terapia, el grado de motivación del paciente y el apoyo familiar y social, son factores importantes a tomar en consideración al diseñar intervenciones psicológicas breves en Psicooncología.

El propósito del presente trabajo fue probar un modelo estructural para analizar la relación entre justicia procedimental y la aceptación del tratamiento psicológico de los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. La muestra estuvo conformada por 92 jóvenes, que se encontraban estaban recibiendo tratamiento en internamiento o en externamiento por haber sido sentenciados por el juez de menores. Los participantes contestaron un cuestionario con reactivos acerca de la percepción del procedimiento judicial, el trato de la policía, la aceptación de la sentencia y el tratamiento psicológico que recibían. Los resultados revelaron que la percepción del adolescente en relación al trato del juez predijo de manera positiva la aceptación al tratamiento psicológico y judicial.