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We studied the association between oxidized low-density lipoproteins (OxLDLs) and early atherosclerosis, assessed by carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), as well as with other known atherosclerosis risk factors in a sample of the general middle- and old-age population of Burgos (Spain). Circulating OxLDL showed a significant and independent association with the average cIMT of both carotid arteries but not with the absence or presence of ≥1 carotid atheroma plaques. Plasma OxLDL concentrations were associated with age, smoking, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides, independently of other variables. Our findings in an asymptomatic sample representative of the Spanish middle- and old-age population underscore the role of OxLDL in early atherosclerosis represented by the cIMT especially in older asymptomatic individuals, but this cannot be extended to more advanced atherosclerosis, represented by carotid plaques. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Several studies focus on flavonoid protection mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases and neuronal cell death. It is known, that many of these compounds can reduce neuronal degeneration induced by ischemia and neurological deficit. In the present work, we review the role of the phenolic compound 3 Caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid) in cerebral infarction. This phenolic compound found widely in foods of vegetable origin is one of the principal compounds contributing to the antioxidant capacity of coffee. Chlorogenic acid may produce beneficial effects via multiple mechanisms of action, such as increasing nitric oxide levels in plasma, thereby in the regulation of the hypertension, which is one of the major risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]