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5. Contributor contact details

Author

Houck, M.M., primary, Tridico, Silvana R., additional, Kajiwara, K., additional, Ohta, Y., additional, Hatch, Kathryn L., additional, Wilding, M., additional, Walbridge-Jones, S., additional, Greaves, P.H., additional, Lewis, S.W., additional, Hamlyn, P., additional, Gordon, S., additional, Schindler, Wolfgang D., additional, and Garside, P., additional

Published
2009
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6. An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia

Author

Rasmussen, Morten, Guo, Xiaosen, Wang, Yong, Lohmueller, Kirk E., Rasmussen, Simon, Albrechtsen, Anders, Skotte, Line, Lindgreen, Stinus, Metspalu, Mait, Jombart, Thibaut, Kivisild, Toomas, Zhai, Weiwei, Eriksson, Anders, Manica, Andrea, Orlando, Ludovic, De La Vega, Francisco M., Tridico, Silvana, Metspalu, Ene, Nielsen, Kasper, Ávila-Arcos, Maria C., Moreno-Mayar, Victor J., Muller, Craig, Dortch, Joe, Gilbert, Thomas M. P., Lund, Ole, Wesolowska, Agata, Karmin, Monika, Weinert, Lucy A., Wang, Bo, Li, Jun, Tai, Shuaishuai, Xiao, Fei, Hanihara, Tsunehiko, Driem, George van, Jha, Aashish R., Ricaut, François-Xavier, de Knijff, Peter, Migliano, Andrea B, Romero, Irene Gallego, Kristiansen, Karsten, Lambert, David M., Brunak, Søren, Forster, Peter, Brinkmann, Bernd, Nehlich, Olaf, Bunce, Michael, Richards, Michael, Gupta, Ramneek, Bustamante, Carlos D., Krogh, Anders, Foley, Robert A., Lahr, Marta M., Balloux, Francois, Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas, Villems, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Wang, Jun, and Willerslev, Eske

Published
2011
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7. Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo

Author

Rasmussen, Morten, Li, Yingrui, Lindgreen, Stinus, Pedersen, Jakob Skou, Albrechtsen, Anders, Moltke, Ida, Metspalu, Mait, Metspalu, Ene, Kivisild, Toomas, Gupta, Ramneek, Bertalan, Marcelo, Nielsen, Kasper, Gilbert, Thomas M. P., Wang, Yong, Raghavan, Maanasa, Campos, Paula F., Kamp, Hanne Munkholm, Wilson, Andrew S., Gledhill, Andrew, Tridico, Silvana, Bunce, Michael, Lorenzen, Eline D., Binladen, Jonas, Guo, Xiaosen, Zhao, Jing, Zhang, Xiuqing, Zhang, Hao, Li, Zhuo, Chen, Minfeng, Orlando, Ludovic, Kristiansen, Karsten, Bak, Mads, Tommerup, Niels, Bendixen, Christian, Pierre, Tracey L., Grønnow, Bjarne, Meldgaard, Morten, Andreasen, Claus, Fedorova, Sardana A., Osipova, Ludmila P., Higham, Thomas F. G., Ramsey, Christopher Bronk, Hansen, Thomas v. O., Nielsen, Finn C., Crawford, Michael H., Brunak, Søren, Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas, Villems, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Krogh, Anders, Wang, Jun, and Willerslev, Eske

Published
2010
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10. The biology of human hair: A multidisciplinary review.

Author

Koch, Sandra L., Tridico, Silvana R., Bernard, Bruno A., Shriver, Mark D., and Jablonski, Nina G.

Subjects
*HUMAN biology, *HAIR analysis, *FORENSIC scientists, *HAIR, *ANALYTICAL chemistry, *ROOT growth
Abstract

In the last century, human scalp hair morphology has been studied from multiple, and sometimes mutually exclusive, perspectives by anthropologists, biologists, geneticists, forensic scientists, and cosmetic scientists. Here, we review and synthesize historical and current research on hair to better understand the scientific basis and biological implications of hair microstructure and morphology. We revisit the origins of existing nomenclature regarding hair morphology and classifications, discuss the currently recognized limitations to hair analysis within the varied scientific disciplines studying hair, point out aspects of hair biology that remain unknown, and the great potential for integrating these diverse perspectives and expertise in future scientific investigations, while highlighting the benefits of combining nondestructive microscopical analysis with chemical and genomic analyses for explicating hair biology. Further, we propose consensus terminology for root growth stages through descriptions and images that will aid in the morphological and microscopical analysis of human scalp hair, thereby reducing confusion and the promulgation of inaccurate information that is presently in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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12. Morphological and molecular approaches to characterise modifications relating to mammalian hairs in archaeological, paleontological and forensic contexts

Author

Tridico, Silvana and Tridico, Silvana

Abstract

Mammalian hair is readily shed and transferred to persons or objects during contact; this property renders hair as one of the most ubiquitous and prevalent evidence type encountered in forensic investigations and at ancient burial sites. The durability and stability of hair ensures their survival for millennia; their status as a privileged repository of viable genetic material consolidates their value as a biological substrate. The aims of this thesis are to showcase the wealth, and breadth, of information that may be gleaned from these unique structures and address the current problem regarding the mis-identification of animal hairs. Despite the similar appearance of human and animal hairs, the expertise required to accurately interpret their respective structures requires significantly different skill sets. Chapter Two in this thesis discusses the consequences of mis-identification of hair structures due to lack of competency or adequate training in regards to hair examiners and discusses some of the myths and misconceptions associated with microscopy of hairs. Hairs are resilient structures capable of surviving for millennia as exemplified by extinct megafauna hairs; however, they are not totally immune to deleterious effects of environmental insults or biodegradation. There is a paucity of morphological data available illustrating the deleterious effects of biological agents on hairs. This void is filled through the comprehensive review of biodegradation of hair in Chapter 3 which showcases, for the first time, a collective visual catalogue of the destructive effects caused by an elite group of biological agents. These effects were evident in hairs from prehistoric, ancient and modern human and animal hairs. During the course of this study hair morphologies were observed which challenged current paradigms in relation to their genesis. The results of the present study unequivocally demonstrate that hair structures, previously characterised as genetic in nature, a

Published
2015

13. Tracing the dynamic life story of a Bronze Age Female

Author

Frei, Karin Margarita, Mannering, Ulla, Kristiansen, Kristian, Allentoft, Morten Erik, Wilson, Andrew S., Skals, Irene, Tridico, Silvana, Nosch, Marie Louise Bech, Willerslev, Eske, Clarke, Leon, Frei, Robert, Frei, Karin Margarita, Mannering, Ulla, Kristiansen, Kristian, Allentoft, Morten Erik, Wilson, Andrew S., Skals, Irene, Tridico, Silvana, Nosch, Marie Louise Bech, Willerslev, Eske, Clarke, Leon, and Frei, Robert

Published
2015

15. An Aboriginal Australian Genome Reveals Separate Human Dispersals into Asia

Author

Xiao, Xiaosen, Wang, Yong, Lohmueller, Kirk, Rasmussen, Rasmus, Albrechtsen, Anders, Li, Line, Li, Stinus, Metspalu, Mait, Jombart, Thibaut, Kivisild, Toomas, Zhai, Weiwei, Eriksson, Anders, Manica, Andrea, Orlando, Ludovic, De La Vega, Francisco, Tridico, Silvana, Metspalu, Ene, Nielsen, Kasper, Ávila-Arcos, María, Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor, Muller, Craig, Dortch, Joe, Gilbert, Thomas, Lund, Ole, Wesolowska, Agata, Karmin, Monika, Weinert, Lucy, Wang, B., Li, Jun, Tai, Shuaishuai, Xiao, Fei, Hanihara, Tsunehiko, Van Driem, George, Jha, Aashish, Ricaut, François-Xavier, De Knijff, Peter, Migliano, Andrea, Gallego Romero, Irene, Kristiansen, Karsten, Lambert, David, Brunak, Søren, Forster, Peter, Brinkmann, Bernd, Nehlich, Olaf, Bunce, Michael, Richards, Richard, Gupta, Ramneek, Bustamante, Carlos, Krogh, Anders, Foley, Robert, Lahr, Marta, Balloux, François, Villems, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Wang, Jun, Willerslev, Eske, Rasmussen, M., Guo, X., Rasmussen, S., Skotte, L., Lindgreen, S., De La Vega, M., Avila-Arcos, M., Gilbert, M., Weinert, A., Ricaut, X., Lambert, M., Richards, M., Foley, A., Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, PLA University of Science and Technology, Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Section of Biostatistics [Copenhagen], Department of Public Health [Copenhagen], Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Tartu, Medical Research Council, Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling (MRC), Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK, Centre d'économie industrielle i3 (CERNA i3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Interaction virus-hôte et maladies du foie, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), University of Edinburgh, UMR 6578 : Adaptabilité Biologique et Culturelle (UAABC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Dept Integrat Biol, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences (CCCME), Laboratoire sols, solides, structures - risques [Grenoble] (3SR), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Service de Médecine interne A et polyclinique médicale [CHU Limoges], CHU Limoges, Department of Pathology [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Medical Research Council Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Imperial College London-Faculty of Medicine-Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (NJU), Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Interactions Virus-Hôte et Maladies Hépatiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Virologie, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Department of Physics, University of Sussex, UMR 6578 : Anthropologie Bio-Culturelle (UAABC), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution (SKL), Institute of Geology and Geophysics [Beijing] (IGG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Stanford University [Stanford], Nanjing University of Science and Technology (NJUST), Cornell University [New York], Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, MESH: Emigration and Immigration, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Ethnic group, 01 natural sciences, Linkage Disequilibrium, Gene flow, Gene Frequency, MESH: Hominidae, Ethnicity, MESH: Animals, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Asian Continental Ancestry Group, biology, Asia, Eastern, MESH: Asia, MESH: Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, New guinea, Hominidae, MESH: European Continental Ancestry Group, Emigration and Immigration, Human evolution, MESH: Linkage Disequilibrium, Ethnology, MESH: Ethnic Groups, MESH: Genome, Mitochondrial, MESH: Oceanic Ancestry Group, Gene Flow, Asia, Population, Black People, MESH: Genetics, Population, 010603 evolutionary biology, DNA, Mitochondrial, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Asian People, MESH: Computer Simulation, MESH: Gene Frequency, MESH: Western Australia, Animals, Humans, East Asia, Computer Simulation, education, MESH: Gene Flow, MESH: Genome, Human, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Genome, Human, MESH: DNA, Mitochondrial, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Western Australia, MESH: Haplotypes, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Far East, MESH: Male, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Genome, Mitochondrial, Biological dispersal, MESH: African Continental Ancestry Group
Abstract

International audience; We present an Aboriginal Australian genomic sequence obtained from a 100-year-old lock of hair donated by an Aboriginal man from southern Western Australia in the early 20th century. We detect no evidence of European admixture and estimate contamination levels to be below 0.5%. We show that Aboriginal Australians are descendants of an early human dispersal into eastern Asia, possibly 62,000 to 75,000 years ago. This dispersal is separate from the one that gave rise to modern Asians 25,000 to 38,000 years ago. We also find evidence of gene flow between populations of the two dispersal waves prior to the divergence of Native Americans from modern Asian ancestors. Our findings support the hypothesis that present-day Aboriginal Australians descend from the earliest humans to occupy Australia, likely representing one of the oldest continuous populations outside Africa.

Published
2011

16. Tracing the dynamic life story of a Bronze Age Female

Author

Frei, Karin Margarita, primary, Mannering, Ulla, additional, Kristiansen, Kristian, additional, Allentoft, Morten E., additional, Wilson, Andrew S., additional, Skals, Irene, additional, Tridico, Silvana, additional, Louise Nosch, Marie, additional, Willerslev, Eske, additional, Clarke, Leon, additional, and Frei, Robert, additional

Published
2015
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17. Megafaunal split ends: microscopical characterisation of hair structure and function in extinct woolly mammoth and woolly rhino

Author

Tridico, Silvana, Rigby, P., Kirkbride, K., Haile, James, Bunce, Michael, Tridico, Silvana, Rigby, P., Kirkbride, K., Haile, James, and Bunce, Michael

Abstract

The large extinct megafaunal species of the Late Pleistocene, Mammuthus primigenius (woolly mammoth) and Coelodonta antiquitatis (woolly rhino) are renowned for their pelage. Despite this, very little research has been conducted on the form and function of hair from these iconic species. Using permafrost preserved hair samples from seven extinct megafaunal remains, this study presents an in-depth microscopical characterisation of preservation, taphonomy, microbial damage, pigmentation and morphological features of more than 420 hairs. The presence of unique structural features in hairs, from two extinct megafauna species, such as multiple medullae and unparallelled stiffness suggests evolution of traits that may have been critical for their survival in the harsh arctic environment. Lastly, despite popular depictions of red-haired and/or uniformly coloured mammoths, a closer examination of pigmentation reveals that mammoth coats may have exhibited a mottled/variegated appearance and that their ‘true’ colours were not the vivid red/orange colour often depicted in reconstructions. Insights gained from microscopical examination of hundreds of extinct megafauna hairs demonstrate the value of extracting as much morphological data as possible from ancient hairs prior to destructive sampling for molecular analyses.

Published
2014

21. CHAPTER 1: HAIR OF THE DOG: A CASE STUDY.

Author

Tridico, Silvana R.

Abstract

Chapter 1 of the book "Trace Evidence Analysis: More Cases in Mute Witnesses" is presented. It examines in detail the investigation and trial of a murder case in which the hairs of a dog were the circumstantial evidence that implicated the suspect. The author stresses the value of the crime scene examiners' training and education in the collection of forensic evidence, based on the principle of "Get It First Time" (GIFT). He discusses the different types of animal hair and the results of a study he conducted on the shape and length of animal hair roots.

Published
2003

23. Tracing the dynamic life story of a Bronze Age Female.

Author

Margarita Frei, Karin, Mannering, Ulla, Kristiansen, Kristian, Allentoft, Morten E., Wilson, Andrew S., Skals, Irene, Tridico, Silvana, Louise Nosch, Marie, Willerslev, Eske, Clarke, Leon, and Frei, Robert

Subjects
BRONZE Age, STRONTIUM isotopes, RADIOGENETICS, BIOCHEMISTRY, GEOCHEMISTRY
Abstract

Ancient human mobility at the individual level is conventionally studied by the diverse application of suitable techniques (e.g. aDNA, radiogenic strontium isotopes, as well as oxygen and lead isotopes) to either hard and/or soft tissues. However, the limited preservation of coexisting hard and soft human tissues hampers the possibilities of investigating high-resolution diachronic mobility periods in the life of a single individual. Here, we present the results of a multidisciplinary study of an exceptionally well preserved circa 3.400-year old Danish Bronze Age female find, known as the Egtved Girl. We applied biomolecular, biochemical and geochemical analyses to reconstruct her mobility and diet. We demonstrate that she originated from a place outside present day Denmark (the island of Bornholm excluded), and that she travelled back and forth over large distances during the final months of her life, while consuming a terrestrial diet with intervals of reduced protein intake. We also provide evidence that all her garments were made of non-locally produced wool. Our study advocates the huge potential of combining biomolecular and biogeochemical provenance tracer analyses to hard and soft tissues of a single ancient individual for the reconstruction of high-resolution human mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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24. Interpreting biological degradative processes acting on mammalian hair in the living and the dead: which ones are taphonomic?

Author

Tridico SR, Koch S, Michaud A, Thomson G, Kirkbride KP, and Bunce M

Subjects
Animals, Bacteria metabolism, Color, Fungi metabolism, Fungi physiology, Fungi ultrastructure, Hair anatomy & histology, Hair ultrastructure, Humans, Keratins chemistry, Keratins metabolism, Mammals anatomy & histology, Hair metabolism, Mammals metabolism
Abstract

Although the taphonomic (post-mortem) degradation processes relevant to teeth and bones have been well described, those taking place with regards to mammalian hairs have not been characterized to the same extent. This present article describes, in detail, microscopic changes resulting from the actions of biological agents that digest and degrade hairs. The most noteworthy and prevalent agents responsible for the destruction of hair structure are fungi, which use a range of strategies to invade and digest hairs. One of the most important finds to emerge from this study is that taphonomic structures and processes can easily be interpreted by the unwary as 'real', or as class characteristics for a particular animal taxon. Moreover, under certain conditions, 'taphonomic' processes normally associated with the dead are also present on the hairs of the living. This work will improve the reliability of hair examinations in forensic, archaeological and palaeontological applications-in addition, the finding has relevance in the protection of mammalian collections susceptible to infestation. This article also addresses the popular myth that ancient peoples were often red-haired and discusses phenomena responsible for this observation. Insights gained from detailed characterization of taphonomic processes in 95 hairs from a variety of species demonstrate the range and breadth of degradative effects on hair structure and colour. Lastly, the study demonstrates that hairs often tell a story and that there is value of extracting as much morphological data as possible from hairs, prior to destructive sampling for biomolecules., (© 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.)

Published
2014
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