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Our world is making its way toward complete digitization, with more and more data going to the Internet. Thus, the security of the data has become one of our utmost responsibilities. Strong and sec...

Network security is one of prime importance with the advent of cyber-attacks, phishing and hacking occurring on a regular basis in the 21st Century. Though a lot of popular algorithms already exist for encrypting data such as AES, DES or Triple DES, there is a necessity for strengthening the existing algorithms to prevent a possible brute force attack on encrypted data. This paper explores a few papers aiming to achieve the same. It elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of the existing algorithms and finally concludes with a proposal for a future implementation which can overcome the disadvantages.

The evolving cloud technology is capable of accommodating volumes of business processes. This feature attracts many individuals and organizations to store their data over cloud. But there are many security issues that require a deep insight. In this research, articles and surveys on cloud security have been reviewed to identify the issues. Efforts have been made to increase cloud data security by devising a hybrid cryptographic algorithm namely Hybrid Elliptic Curve Cryptography -Triple Data Encryption Standard (ECC-TDES). The hybridized algorithms make data more secure and immune to malicious attacks. The proposed algorithm was applied to database of a cloud-based web application and tested with audio, video, image and text files ranging between 10-100 kb file sizes to record performance metrics such as: encryption time, decryption time and accuracy. The recorded parameter values were compared with individual ECC and TDES algorithms. The findings indicated that ECC-TDES takes more time to encrypt/decrypt files but gives highest accuracy with 0.01% error rate.

This paper reviews some of the encryption models through the block cipher technique used for the data encryption process. As an introduction, we explained Classical Substitution Ciphers by two example models (Caesar Cipher and Vigenere Cipher). They are followed by a block cipher which is presented by multiple encryption triple DES and block cipher modes of operation. Multiple encryption DES algorithms are using two or three keys to make the encryption process more complex. But still using a 64-bit fixed blocks message and also wasted a lot of time during the encryption and decryption process. So we need some ways to encrypt and decrypt arbitrary quantities of data. This paper presents five block cipher modes of operation to cover a wide variety of applications and can be used with any block cipher. يستعرض هذا البحث بعض نماذج التشفير من خلال تقنية تشفير الکتل المستخدمة لعملية تشفير البيانات. کمقدمة، أوضحنا شفرات الاستبدال الکلاسيکي من خلال نموذجين من الأمثلة (سيزر، فيجنر). ينتقل البحث ليوضح تشفير کتلةمن البيانات عن طريق التشفير المتعدد الثلاثي وأنماط تشغيل تشفير الکتلة. تستخدم الخوارزميات متعددة التشفير ذات مفتاحين أو ثلاثة لجعل عملية التشفير أکثر تعقيدا. ولکن لا تزال هذه الخوارزمية تستخدم کتلة بيانات بحجم ثابت 64 بت ، کما أنه أهدر الکثير من الوقت أثناء عملية التشفير وفک التشفير. لذلک نحن بحاجة إلى بعض الطرق لتشفير وفک تشفير کميات البيانات العشوائية والمتغيرة الإحجام. يقدم هذا البحث خمسة أنماط تشفير کتلة لتغطية مجموعة واسعة من التطبيقات ويمکن استخدامها مع أي تشفير لکتلة البيانات. NETWORK SECURITY BY BLOCK CIPHERS

With the increasing interconnection of computer networks and sophistication of cyber-attacks, Cryptography is one way to make sure that confidentiality, authentication, integrity, availability, and identification of data user can be maintained as well as security and privacy of data provided to the user. Symmetric key cryptography is a part of the cryptographic technique which ensures high security and confidentiality of data transmitted through the communication channel using a common key for both encryption and decryption. In this paper I have analyzed comparative encryption algorithms in performance, three most useful algorithms: Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES (3DES) also known as Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA), and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). They have been analyzed on their ability to secure data, time taken to encrypt data and throughput the algorithm requires. The performance of different algorithms differs according to the inputs.

This Electronic Health (E-Health) is a broad expression that enables the communication between healthcare professionals in handling patient information through the cloud. Exchanging medical data over the public cloud requires securing transferring for the data that's direct many researchers in proposing different secure schemes to enable users to handle data safely without hacking or alternating. In this study, one of the most common encryption algorithms called Triple Data Encryption Standard (Triple-DES) has been implemented with the aid of the hash function and DNA cryptography base to encrypt different biosignals into DNA format to add a security layer for the proposed system.

Security of the information is additionally significant challenge in cloud. Information encryption in cloud computing is the response to conquer the challenges. Efficient security of gigantic measure of IoT delivered information is a key for wide scale information scientific administrations. Information hub works at the edge side and upgrades information security, exactness, consistency and decreases the dormancy rate which is a significant factor for application like IOT sensor data. In this paper, we present an IoT personality insurance plot for symmetric IoT information encryption. We give fundamental security definitions for this issue setting present another development and give security verifications of safety level accomplished with the development. Execution figures for a proof of idea execution are likewise given. The new plan gives a reasonable compromise between personality security and complexity. The information distinguished will be put away in the information hub. The information gathered from it is being scrambled utilizing Advance Encryption Standard (AES) and Triple DES calculation and it is transferred to the cloud. Hence, the security of the sensor information is improved utilizing cloud computing. In this paper, an efficient hybrid data aggregation scheme changing in accordance with the architecture of IoT is proposed. The proposed hybrid approach is set in the cluster and tree-based data aggregation plans on keeping an eye on the limitations.

Security is one of the main sources of information protection, especially sensitive information that is transmitted over the Internet. Encryption is one of the most important elements used, which is an effective and necessary element to provide high-level security communication between different entities by transmitting unclear and encrypted information that does not allow unauthorized person to access, the method of choosing the appropriate and correct encryption algorithm is important to provide a secure connection that provides a more efficient and accurate encryption system. In this paper, we will review the algorithms (Triple DES, AES & HiSea) for secret key encryption that are most commonly used for this type of encryption.

This work presents an approach for the applying Triple DES (TRIPLE DES) based on using genetic algorithm by adding intelligent feature for TRIPLE DES with N round for genetic algorithm. Encapsulated cipher file with special program which send an acknowledgment to a sender to know who decipher or broken to crash it , Thus it is considered as the initial step to improve privacy. The outcome for proposed system gives a good indication that it is a promising system compared with other type of cipher system.

Cloud computing may be defined as management and provision of resources, software, application and information as services over the cloud which are dynamically scalable. Fault tolerance includes all the techniques necessary for robustness and dependability. The main advantages of using fault tolerance in cloud computing include failure recovery, lower costs and improved standards in performance. Even though the benefits are immeasurable, the element of risk on user applications due to failure remains a major drawback. So our suggested technique utilizes the effective fault tolerance method with the encryption algorithm. To improve the security of the recommended technique, triple-DES encryption algorithm is employed before the data transmission. For the transmission of encrypted data, the implemented method selects the minimum fault tolerance node. So the recommended technique utilizes the effective classification technique. Here, improved support vector machine (ISVM) classifier is used to classify the nodes based on its feature value and the content similarity each node. The proposed ISVM helps in predicting the faults if available, earlier before it occurs. The various parameters considered in our proposed system are accuracy, service reliability and availability. In the proposed method, the accuracy value of the fault tolerance is 79% which is better than in the existing method. The proposed method will be implemented in JAVA with CloudSim.

This paper aims to implement the concept of preserving the Confidentiality and Integrity of DICOM Images Using Cryptographic Algorithms. This work uses two types of cryptographic algorithms namely AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and Blake Hash Function. Using these algorithms, we implement and check the confidentiality and integrity of DICOM images. Our proposed system also ensures that the images are transferred from one hospital database to another in a secure manner and the system will be able to tackle any changes while the image is being transferred. The initial concern of the system lies in providing confidentiality in the communication of the images which can be done using AES algorithm. The integrity can be provided using Blake Hash Function. The comparative analysis of AES with other algorithms such as Triple DES, IDEA, Blowfish and SEED with respect to their execution time is also done. In this work, DICOM files are taken as input and then kept in the encrypted format for storage purpose and also they can be sent over the network in the encrypted format.

To ensure the safe operation of power system, this paper studies two technologies of data encryption and digital signature, and designs a real-time data encryption system based on DES algorithm, which improves the security of data network communication. The real-time data encryption system of power system is optimized by the hybrid encryption system based on DES algorithm. The real-time data encryption of power system adopts triple DES algorithm, and double DES encryption algorithm of RSA algorithm to ensure the security of triple DES encryption key, which solves the problem of real-time data encryption management of power system. Java security packages are used to implement digital signatures that guarantee data integrity and non-repudiation. Experimental results show that the data encryption system is safe and effective.

Data security and transmission are always be the concern with its importance in wireless sensor network. Today, most of the research works are going on the improvement of security and transmission as well. Transmission of secured data is very essential to maintain data integrity between the sender and the receiver. As data flows in a wireless traffic, it is to be protected from the unauthenticated users by some means. We have proposed a new algorithm for transmitting the encrypted data. Hybridization of existing RSA and Triple DES is executed to obtain the encrypted version of the data to be sent. For decryption too we have used both the algorithms. We have achieved data integrity, confidentiality, and security by means of encryption. NS3 simulator is used to execute the proposed approach. The results obtained is compared with other standard algorithms. Our approach outperforms over existing algorithms.

An introduction to AES algorithm, the algorithm design and features of AES. AES stands forAdvanced Encryption Standard.The more popular and widely adopted symmetric encryption algorithm likely to be encountered nowadays is the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). It is found at least six time faster than triple DES. A replacement for DES was needed as its key size was too small. With increasing computing power, it was considered vulnerable against exhaustive key search attack.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology is an integral part of Internet of Things (IoT) and the security of IoT will play a pivotal role in its deployment and commercialization. To secure communication in WSN, selecting appropriate encryption algorithm is essentially important because IoT devices are inherently low-powered and have limited resources. In this regard, in this paper, we compare diverse symmetric block-based cryptographic algorithms to comment on their capabilities that will aid in selecting the right algorithm for a specific application. We select widely used algorithms such as AES, CLEFIA, DES, Triple DES, IDEA, PRESENT, SEA, SPECK, TEA, XTEA and TWOFISH with different block and key lengths. The algorithms are compared from the perspective of energy, power and memory consumption, and throughput. The comparison is performed in Cooja simulator using z1 motes and the source code is published in the GitHub repository.

Cryptographic Algorithms persuade a significant contribution in data security. But they require notable portion of resources like processor time, system memory, power consumption, latency time etc. So, it is needed to find out best cryptographic algorithm by evaluating performance of each of them. This paper evaluates the performance of cryptographic algorithms namely AES, triple DES, Blowfish, RSA, MD5 as well as SHA based on parameters like time required to encipher, time required to decipher and memory used by them. The literature surveys of these algorithms are made and then the system for the measurement of performance is proposed and implemented.

In this era, technology is increasingly advanced and rapid, where data confidentiality is one of the things that is very important for a company. Employee data is data that is very important for the company. So it needs a system that can secure a database of employees from various types of hecker attacks or eavesdroppers who can steal and damage data. Cryptography is a science based on mathematical techniques that deal with information security such as data confidentiality. Triple DES algorithm is a development of DES algorithm, the algorithm used is the same, only in Triple DES algorithm, the encryption and decryption process is done 3 times. Triple DES also has three different keys. The three keys used can be mutually independent (K1 ? K2 ? K3) or only two keys are mutually independent and one other key is the same as the first key (K1 ? K2 and K3 = K1). This algorithm can generate encryption that cannot be read or understood by humans and results in the exact decryption of the initial plaintext input.

In today’s scenario, Security is the most vital form of features in the network and internet applications. Network and Internet applications are increasing quickly, so the importance of the data swapped over the internet are also growing. Hence to provide the required protection against the data attacks is one of the significant solutions in the security related applications. Block cipher symmetric key cryptography plays a significant part in data security systems. This paper offers a comparison among the commonly used symmetric key cryptography algorithms: DES (Data Encryption standard), Blowfish, TDES (Triple Data Encryption Standard), PRESENT, KLEIN. The comparison of algorithm is performed based on Attacks, key size and block size and providing state-of-the-art results in their field.

Cryptographic techniques have been widely employed to protect sensitive data from unauthorized access and manipulation. Among these cryptographic techniques, Data Encryption Standard (DES) has been widely employed, however, it suffers from key and differential attacks. To overcome these attacks, several DES modifications have been proposed in literatures. Most modifications have focused on enhancing DES encryption key; however, the strength of a cryptographic technique is determined by the encryption key used and the number of encryption rounds. It is a known fact that Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptographic technique with 14 encryption rounds is stronger than AES with 12 rounds while AES with 12 rounds is stronger than AES with 10 rounds. Therefore, this study proposed a DES cryptographic technique whose number of rounds is dynamic. Users are expected to specify the number of encryption and decryption rounds to be employed at run time. Moreover, a predefined number of shifting operations which is left circular shift 2 was chosen for each encryption round. As, a trade-off in complexity, the number of Substitution box (S-box) was also reduced to 4, so that the input to the S-boxes would be arranged in four 12-bit blocks for the X-OR operation and not six 8-bit blocks as in the traditional DES. Finally, three keys were used to encrypt, decrypt and encrypt the plaintext ciphertext as in triple DES. The modified DES yielded a better avalanche effect for rounds greater than 16 though its encryption and decryption time were greater than that of the traditional DES.

Big data stand as a technique to retrieve, collect, manage and also analyze a vast quantity of structured and also unstructured data which are tough to process utilizing the traditional database that involves new technologies to examine them. With the expanding success of the big data usage, loads of challenges emerged. Timeless, scalability and privacy are the chief problems that researchers endeavor to work out. Privacy-preserving is at present a highly active domain of research. To guarantee a safe and trustworthy big data atmosphere, it is imperative to pinpoint the drawbacks of the existing solutions furthermore conceive directions for future study. In the given paper, the security and also the privacy-preserving on big data is proposed concerning the healthcare industry and to beat security issues in existing approach. Mainly anonymizations along with Triple DES techniques aimed at security purpose are incorporated. Triple DES offers a fairly simple technique of increasing the key size of DES to shield against such attacks, devoid of necessitates to design an entirely new block cipher algorithm. Data anonymization work as an information sanitizer whose target is to defend the data privacy. It encrypts or takes away the personally recognizable data as of the data sets in order that the persons about whom the data designate remain anonymous. In this work, a combination of anonymization and Triple DES are utilized that are shortly called as the A3DES algorithm. Experimental outcome reveals that the approach performed well when contrasted with all other related approaches.

Unlike prior efforts in cybersecurity research, a dynamic defense theory, called moving target defense, increases the complexity and costs for attacks by effectively restricting the vulnerability exposure and the attack opportunities through various continually-changing evaluation, development mechanisms and strategy. Data encryption standard (DES) was the classical scheme of the traditional symmetric-key encryption schemes. Now it has been gradually replaced by the triple DES or advanced encryption standard (AES) so that the encoder has a larger key space. However, both the triple DES and AES cannot meet the dynamic security requirements of dynamic defense due to their static extension to the key space. In this paper, we propose a dynamic three-layer encryption scheme based on DES and network coding, with a low-complexity partial key update mechanism. Based on the theoretical analysis, the new scheme is shown to have the benefit to achieve a dynamic transition between efficiency and security, which increases its adaptability to various cyber conditions. The simulation results also show that the running ratio of the new scheme is relatively lower than or comparable to the triple DES.

With the future full shift to cashless and contactless toll fee collection in the Philippines, installation of radio frequency identification (RFID) readers at toll plazas and tags on all vehicles is the most practicable solution. The Department of Transportation recently implemented this initiative to help minimize the transmission of COVID-19. RFID tags in the forms of stickers contains the motorist’s account number which if hacked can be used to access other important details about the owner. With the weak security of these tags, possible instances that information from RFID tags could be accessed. Information derived from these can be easily retrieved if the attacker has access to the tags' data. The worst thing is that public access to the database that contains essential information concerning the holder's account. In this paper, the authors aim to provide more information about tag ID’s encryption that is limited to RFID usage in the Philippine expressways. An algorithm devised by the authors well secures the information contained in the RFID tags.

In this paper, we present and evaluate a hardware implementation of the PRESENT block cipher secured against both side-channel analysis and fault attacks (FAs). The side-channel security is provided by the first-order threshold implementation masking scheme of the serialized PRESENT proposed by Poschmann et al. For the FA resistance, we employ the Private Circuits II countermeasure presented by Ishai et al. at Eurocrypt 2006, which we tailor to resist arbitrary 1-bit faults. We perform a side-channel evaluation using the state-of-the-art leakage detection tests, quantify the resource overhead of the Private Circuits II countermeasure, subdue the implementation to established differential FAs against the PRESENT block cipher, and contemplate on the structural resistance of the countermeasure. This paper provides the detailed instructions on how to successfully achieve a secure Private Circuits II implementation for the data path as well as the control logic.