1. The risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is geographically determined but modifiable
- Author
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Sharmin, Sifat, Roos, Izanne, Simpson-Yap, Steve, Malpas, Charles, Sánchez, Marina M., Ozakbas, Serkan, Horakova, Dana, Havrdova, Eva K., Patti, Francesco, Alroughani, Raed, Izquierdo, Guillermo, Eichau, Sara, Boz, Cavit, Zakaria, Magd, Onofrj, Marco, Lugaresi, Alessandra, Weinstock-Guttman, Bianca, Prat, Alexandre, Girard, Marc, Duquette, Pierre, Terzi, Murat, Amato, Maria Pia, Karabudak, Rana, Grand'Maison, Francois, Khoury, Samia J., Grammond, Pierre, Lechner-Scott, Jeannette, Buzzard, Katherine, Skibina, Olga, van der Walt, Anneke, Butzkueven, Helmut, Turkoglu, Recai, Altintas, Ayse, Maimone, Davide, Kermode, Allan, Shalaby, Nevin, Pesch, Vincent V., Butler, Ernest, Sidhom, Youssef, Gouider, Riadh, Mrabet, Saloua, Gerlach, Oliver, Soysal, Aysun, Barnett, Michael, Kuhle, Jens, Hughes, Stella, Sa, Maria J., Hodgkinson, Suzanne, Oreja-Guevara, Celia, Ampapa, Radek, Petersen, Thor, Ramo-Tello, Cristina, Spitaleri, Daniele, McCombe, Pamela, Taylor, Bruce, Prevost, Julie, Foschi, Matteo, Slee, Mark, McGuigan, Chris, Laureys, Guy, Hijfte, Liesbeth V., de Gans, Koen, Solaro, Claudio, Oh, Jiwon, Macdonell, Richard, Aguera-Morales, Eduardo, Singhal, Bhim, Gray, Orla, Garber, Justin, Wijmeersch, Bart V., Simu, Mihaela, Triviño, Tamara C., Sanchez-Menoyo, Jose L., Khurana, Dheeraj, Al-Asmi, Abdullah, Al-Harbi, Talal, Deri, Norma, Lalive, Patrice H., Sinnige, L.G.F., Shaw, Cameron, Shuey, Neil, Csepany, Tunde, Sempere, Angel P., Moore, Fraser, Decoo, Danny, Willekens, Barbara, Gobbi, Claudio, Massey, Jennifer, Hardy, Todd, Parratt, John, Kalincik, Tomas, and MSBase investigators
- Subjects
Human medicine - Abstract
Geographical variations in the incidence and prevalence of multiple sclerosis have been reported globally. Latitude as a surrogate for exposure to ultraviolet radiation but also other lifestyle and environmental factors are regarded as drivers of this variation. No previous studies evaluated geographical variation in the risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, an advanced form of multiple sclerosis which is characterised by steady accrual of irreversible disability.
- Published
- 2023