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It is our real pain to write this article, remembering years of friendship and scientific collaboration with Stefan Sokołowski, who passed away on the 24th of June 2024. He was a strong man in his faith and convictions, a kind and helpful friend, attentive and open-minded in discussions, creative, profound and sophisticated in understanding the flow of life and science. He left an unforgettable mark on our hearts and personal memories. His way of thinking left an imprint on students, young scientists and co-workers. We accompany all that with warm farewell applause as an appreciation of Stefan’s way and effects throughout his life.

The main purpose of the article is to develop a multifactorial model for rapid assessment of the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment reactors. A mathematical model of the process of biological wastewater treatment has been developed based on: changes in the concentration of organic contaminants in the bioreactor over time, taking into account the uneven flow of wastewater to the treatment plant, the process of substrate entering the bioreactor (different amounts may enter at different times). The software implementation of the proposed algorithm for solving the corresponding model problem in Python is carried out. The results of computer experiments on the study of the efficiency of wastewater treatment in biological treatment reactors for different operating conditions of facilities are presented. In particular, such processes were considered with taking into account the unevenness of the load, because the maximum cleaning loads are in the morning and in the evening. The task was solved to simulate a real situation and show how cleaning takes place at the maximum load at a certain time of the day. The results obtained will be useful for calculations in the design of biological treatment facilities or in the reconstruction of existing bioreactors for their prospective operation under new operating conditions.

Background. Viral infections trigger transcription factors, including Nrf2, which regulate the expression of genes related to cytokines, chemokines, and more. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) participates in complex regulatory networks controlling the expression of cytoprotective genes and immune responses. Recently, new roles have been attributed to Nrf2, including the regulation of antiviral responses. Objective. The aim of the study was to analyze Nrf2 activation in influenza virus infection in vivo and in transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TGEV) infection in vitro, as well as the effects of the flavonoid compositions Proteflazidum® and Protoil on the Nrf2 expression in these two experimental models of viral infection. Methods. Outbred white mice were infected with influenza A virus (A/FM/1/47/H1N1 strain). Jurkat cells were infected with TGEV, previously adapted to these cells. Flavonoid compositions Proteflazidum® and Protoil (Ecopharm, Ukraine), containing the mixture of tricin, luteolin, apigenin, quercetin, and rhamnosin, were used in corresponding dilutions. Real-Time PCR was employed to analyze Nrf2 RNA expression in the lungs of mice and in both uninfected and virus-infected cells. Additionally, ELISA was used to assess the expression of Nrf2 peptide. Results. The Nrf2 expression in the lungs of influenza virus-infected mice showed a tendency to increase within a 100-fold range. In virus-infected mice treated with Proteflazidum® or Protoil, the level of Nrf2 expression in the lungs decreased about 10-fold compared to infected untreated mice. TGEV infection resulted in 100-fold increase in Nrf2 expression in Jurkat cells. Both Proteflazidum® and Protoil decreased Nrf2 expression in TGEV-infected cells, while their effects on Nrf2 expression in the intact cells on Day 1 were not detected. Conclusions. Flavonoid compositions have only a slight effect on Nrf2 expression in intact cells. However, in case of virus infection, both in vivo and in vitro, they counteract the extensive up-regulation of Nrf2 expression due to viral infection.

To date, the treatment of patients with COVID-19, which caused an unprecedented pandemic in 2019–2023, remains difficult. Military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during conscription, when returning from business trips and vacations (especially those who are in the incubation period or are asymptomatic) can bring COVID-19 into the unit and cause an outbreak of the disease. The purpose of the work was to conduct an analysis of the existing models of the functioning of insurance medicine in some countries in the world and in Ukraine for their further possible application in the system of medical support of the Armed Forces; factors and conditions affecting the course of the disease on COVID-19 were additionally studied. The main preventive measures against the spread of COVID-19 among military personnel are compliance with sanitary standards, control of disease symptoms and timely vaccination or revaccination. In the treatment of patients with COVID-19, depending on the conditions of stay and the severity of the disease, the following groups of drugs are used: analgesics and antipyretics, rehydration, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal, low molecular weight heparins, systemic corticosteroids and vitamins, which military personnel receive free of charge. The creation of an effective system of insurance medicine in Ukraine should provide for the possibility for servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to receive medical care in any health care facility, regardless of departmental subordination, by creating an electronic medical card of a serviceman, which will be included in the electronic health care system of Ukraine. The conducted studies make it possible to draw a conclusion about the need for improvement and further development of the scientific and practical foundations of systematic research in the military medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, improving the quality and efficiency of medical support for servicemen, introducing modern approaches and methods of making sound management decisions on issues of protection and prevention of proliferation COVID-19.

The formation of waviness on the working surfaces of bearing parts is associated with fluctuations in the size of the cut layer of metal and changes in the components of the cutting force. Laplace operators were used to model the centerless grinding system based on the construction of the transfer function and the characteristic equation. It was found that the formation of waviness depends on the position of the hodograph of the movement of the vector of the center of the part in the complex plane, which in turn depends on the geometric parameters of the rigid supports of the centerless grinder machine. This makes it possible, based on hodographs and the angular orientation of their asymptotes, to determine the geometric stability of the process depending on the angles of adjustment of the rigid supports of the grinder machine. Two methodological approaches were used to confirm the correctness of the hypotheses. The first one is a multiplication of wave’s hodographs. The second one is regeneration displacement and the coincidence of the combined hodograph of regeneration and waviness displacement mechanisms with the hodograph of infinitely rigid machine displacement. The diagrams which allow choosing geometry of adjustment of rigid support that allows to increase or decrease parameters of certain harmonics are developed. The 3D diagram allows setting the local minima, characterized by acceptable geometric adjustment conditions, providing regulated waviness of the working surfaces of bearing parts.

Despite the fact that specific prophylaxis agents have already been widely introduced into medical practice in all countries of the world, and antiviral drugs are being developed and are undergoing the first stages of clinical trials, SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread in the human population. In this regard, an urgent medical problem today is the expansion of the arsenal of effective disinfectants and antiseptics, the action of which would be aimed at the rapid and complete inactivation of extracellular coronavirus, which is a very important element in controlling the spread of COVID-19. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of decamethoxin to have a virucidal effect against SARS-COV-2 and other human coronaviruses on the model of respiratory coronavirus IBV (infectious bronchitis virus) with an exposure time of 30, 60 and 120 seconds. Classical and modern virological research methods were used in the work: determination of the cytotoxic effect of decamethoxin in cell culture by the effect on their viability, cultivation, accumulation and determination of the infectious titer of IBV by cytopathic action in cell culture; assessment of the virucidal effect of decamethoxin by the suspension method to determine the residual infectious titer of the virus in cell culture by the method of limiting dilutions. The effectiveness of the antiseptic decamethoxin from the group of quaternary ammonium compounds was studied in relation to the prototype strain of the IBV (infection bronchitis virus) coronavirus family in vitro. It has been established that an isotonic solution of decamethoxin at a concentration of 100 μg/ml completely inactivates 3.0 lg(TCD50/0.1 ml) of the prototype respiratory coronavirus strain with a clinically significant contact time of 30–120 seconds at room temperature(18–24 оС). Decamethoxine has been shown to be an effective, fast-acting antiseptic capable of completely inactivating a prototype coronavirus strain. The revealed virucidal properties of decamethoxine in pharmacopoeially significant concentrations in relation to coronavirus allow to recommend it as an antiseptic in the development of methods for non-specific prevention of coronavirus infection in humans.

This brief essay commemorates Karl Heinzinger, one of the pioneers in the field of computer modelling of fluid systems, particularly of water and aqueous electrolyte solutions in the bulk phase and near interfaces. Karl Heinzinger died peacefully on January 14, 2023, after a short illness. We express our deepest condolences to his family, colleagues, and friends.

In the early 21st century, pneumonia remains an important medical and social problem. In Ukraine, within the structure of acute and chronic bronchopulmonary pathologies, community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is at the forefront. According to contemporary views, the main and most common cause of CAP is bacterial pathogens. Meanwhile, the outcomes of numerous microbiological studies carried out in recent years strongly suggest that viruses definitely rank second in the etiology of CAP. Today, as the complex therapy of respiratory tract diseases proved to be successful, antiviral therapy is used, allowing to reduce the severity of the disease and to minimize the risk of complications. Goal – pharmacoeconomic analysis of additional antiviral pharmacotherapy of CAP with the use of vitaglutam based on mathematical modeling. The efficacy analysis of pharmacotherapy with the inclusion of vitaglutam was based on the retrospective data of 114 patients with viral-bacterial moderate-flow CAP. Patients were randomly assigned to two subgroups depending on the technology of empirical antimicrobial chemotherapy. In the 1st main subgroup (48 patients), antibiotic therapy was combined with the vitaglutam antiviral drug, whereas in the 2nd control group (66 patients) only antibacterial therapy was used. For each homogeneous group of patients, the application of a pharmacoeconomic model based on a «cost of disease» analysis was proposed, which is a basic method of pharmacoeconomic assessment and takes into account the efficiency of the conducted pharmacotherapy, expressed in the achievement of recovery using various technologies of pharmacotherapy in the presence and absence of a viral infection. Analysis of the results of clinical, and laboratory, and radiological studies showed that pharmacotherapy contributed to the positive results for both options. Meanwhile, time to achieve positive results in both groups of patients was significantly different. Pharmacoeconomic modeling, conducted for a group of 1000 simulated patients with CAP, revealed that in 27% of cases the strategy of non-inclusion of vitaglutam in pharmacotherapy scheme for patients with CAP will be dominant. However, for 73% of the simulated results, a maximum cost ratio of 16.97 was established, with an average value being 3.55. Thus, on average, the use of vitaglutam as additional antiviral pharmacotherapy is reasonable if the cost of additional antiviral pharmacotherapy is less than 3.5 times the cost per day of baseline therapy. Studies conducted in recent years have convincingly demonstrated the rationality of antiviral drugs inclusion in the pharmacotherapy scheme for patients with CAP.

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In Ukraine, cervical cancer (CC) is the second most frequent cancer among women of reproductive age and causes more than two thousand deaths per year. The results of clinical and laboratory studies indicate the high prevalence of human papillomaviruses (HPV) of high carcinogenic risk in Ukraine, being the cause of the development of CC. The concept of pharmaceutical prevention is becoming more and more relevant today as it includes a set of measures aimed at preserving and promoting health, improving the quality of life, preventing the occurrence of pathological conditions and diseases; and if they occur - the progression and worsening of a patient's condition, relapse and transition to chronic form, as well as prevention of possible negative or undesirable consequences. The aim of the work – рharmacoeconomic research using mathematical modeling of prevention technologies of HPV-associated cervical pathologies based on vaccination and diagnostic screening among women of different ages. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of prevention technologies for women aged 18 years and more proposed a developed mathematical model, the overall idea of which reflected the current scientific understanding of the causes and development of CC. The detection of severe dysplasia is the primary purpose of diagnostic screening, and the establishment of diagnostic status in the presence of HPV infection is additional information that allows refining the diagnostic screening scheme. Minimization of total costs implies the simultaneous achievement of the maximum possible socio-economic effect from the introduction of complex technology for the prevention of HPV-associated pathologies of the cervix. It may be seen in the reduction of the total number of undiagnosed persons with severe dysplasia, which will be affected by both HPV vaccination and diagnostic screening. This justification is the basis for formalizing the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of complex technology for the prevention of HPV-associated cervical pathologies in the form of a cost-effectiveness factor. The proposed method of pharmacoeconomic assessment was put into practice using retrospective data of 145 women with a prevalence of young ones aged 22 to 36 years. On the basis of the received frequency, clinical and epidemiological data, it was possible to determine the coefficient of influence of the persistence of HPV on the development of severe forms of dysplasia, as an additional criterion for pharmacoeconomic evaluation. Analytical studies have shown that at constant costs for the diagnosis or vaccination of one person, the cost-effectiveness ratio of complex prevention technology is significantly dependent on the impact of HPV persistence. A case study was examined, in which the cost of diagnostic screening was 10 times lower than the cost of vaccination per person, the HPV vaccination efficiency was 90%, the vaccination coverage rate was 10%, and the non-vaccinated diagnostic screening rate was 80%. In this example, it was shown that the use of HPV persistence as additional weight in the calculation of diagnostic screening coverage allows for more pharmacologically sound prevention regimens due to the lower cost-effectiveness ratio, all else being equal. A method of pharmacoeconomic evaluation based on determining the utility of the costs of diagnostic screening and vaccination for HPV infection as a complex technology for the prevention of HPV-associated cervical pathologies is proposed. An additional criterion for pharmacoeconomic evaluation is the coefficient of the impact of HPV persistence on the development of severe dysplasia, which is equal to the ratio of the proportion of women with severe dysplasia to the proportion of women with HPV at the previous time. Analytical studies have shown that the use of HPV persistence as additional weight in the calculation of diagnostic screening coverage allows for more pharmacologically sound prevention regimens due to the lower cost-effectiveness ratio, all things being equal.

A couple of studies have shown that viruses cause from 25 to 60% of acute intestinal infections (AII) cases, among which rotaviruses play a leading role in the structure of children's AII of viral etiology. According to the WHO recommendations, vaccination against rotavirus infection should be included into national immunization programs. Due to a wide diversity of circulating rotavirus genotypes, the issue of RVI vaccine efficiency, taking into account the dynamics of the molecular-genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens over time, remains relevant. The aim of the work – мodeling the dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens and bioinformation analysis of f rotavirus vaccine efficiency. The object of the analysis was the results of molecular and epidemiological studies of RVI in Kyiv, conducted from 2007 to 2015. The dynamics of the genotypic spectrum was modeled using a Markov model, which involved replacing shares of the molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses with others ones according to homology with the vaccine strain: homology in both G and P genotypes, homology in G genotype or P genotype, no homology in both G and P genotypes. The method of rotavirus vaccine efficiency evaluation is based on data from clinical observations of vaccine efficiency, where different degrees of its efficiency against severe gastroenteritis caused by rotaviruses with different genotypes were shown. The shares of each genotype group in the general circulation of genotypes were taken as weights of the degree of homology relative to the vaccine strain, and the effectiveness of the vaccine against the strains of a specific homology group was obtained from clinical observations. The results of the analysis based on the constructed distribution curves of the molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses due to rotavirus vaccine strain homology in Kiev showed that, despite the observed dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens, the expected genotype-specific efficiency of rotavirus vaccine would be constant with a value of 0.835 or 83.5% against rotavirus gastroenteritis with a Vesikari severity of > 11 points. It was proposed mathematical model for prediction of molecular genetic spectrum of rotaviruses dynamics, taking into account the homology of the genotypes of RVI pathogens with respect to the vaccine strain. According to the literature data of molecular and epidemiological studies of rotaviruses in Kyiv, the parameters of the proposed mathematical model and the dynamics of the molecular genetic spectrum of RVI pathogens were determined. Using mathematical modeling, the expected genotype-specific efficiency of the rotavirus vaccine was determined based on Kyiv regional retrospective molecular and epidemiological data.

The introduction of various technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections into practice requires well-founded evidence of their effectiveness, which can be obtained using pharmacoeconomic methods and models that determine not only the effectiveness and feasibility of introducing preventive technologies, but also the socio-economic associated consequences. In this context, the development of a unified model for the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of medical technologies at all stages of the prevention of chronic viral infections is key to implementing optimal strategies for combating them for both individual groups and the entire population, developing recommendations for the rational use of diagnostic tests and viral vaccines, and determining the optimal level of pharmaceutical care for patients. The aim of the work – development of a conceptual model of pharmacoeconomic analysis of technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections is possible on the basis of an analytical platform that determines the relationship between the target population to be prevented, and the effectiveness of intermediate and final results. The pharmacoeconomic analysis of technologies for the prevention of socially significant chronic viral infections was proposed to be carried out according to the developed algorithm. Implementation of the proposed algorithm for pharmacoeconomic analysis of various technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections was based on developed unified model of the spread of viral infection in the population, where individuals can be assigned to different clinical and epidemiological classes. This model was a combination of epidemiological and clinical prognostic approaches and can be used to predict and conduct pharmacoeconomic assessment of viral infection prevention technologies with a general decrease in the number of people in a particular epidemiological class when applying medical technology for a certain period of time. The presented concept allows to formulate the principles of pharmacoeconomic evaluation of technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections. It was advisable to use the concept of quality of life in assessing the usefulness of the technologies under study, which allows to formalize the cost-utility coefficient, minimization of which determines pharmacoeconomic reasonable strategies for the prevention of chronic viral infections. The developed concept is promising, and information technologies based on it can become a reliable source of information to support decision-making by health experts in the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of technologies for the prevention of chronic viral infections.

Excursions are an important form of organization of teaching biology in secondary schools. However, in the universities, the methodical training of future biology teachers is more aimed at conducting lessons. In the article the necessity of goal-directed training of future teachers of Biology to organize excursions to nature (hikes) is substantiated, the real status of using excursions at the school practice is analyzed.

One of the most promising ways to increase the efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises in the field of quality assurance of medicines is the introduction of integrated quality systems (IQS). The aim of the work is to study of the state of readiness of pharmaceutical institutions (pharmaceutical warehouses, pharmacies) and hospital pharmaceutical services of Ukraine for the implementation of integrated quality systems. The materials of the research are: scientific publications; regulatory legal acts of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine; public reporting information of the State Service of Ukraine on Medicines and Drug Control; information posted on professional specialized websites and official websites of pharmaceutical enterprises, hospitals, health departments of local government; information obtained in the process of direct observation and questionnaire survey. Research methods are: systematic review, generalization, observation, questionnaire survey, mathematical-statistical, graphical modeling. The paper analyzes the availability of certificates of conformity to the requirements of good distribution practice (GDP) in wholesale pharmaceutical enterprises of Ukraine. The geography of the location of certified pharmaceutical warehouses in different regions of Ukraine is considered. In the context of the prospect of formation of IQS, the experience of a wholesale pharmaceutical company with respect to environmental, hygiene and safety and social responsibility is demonstrated. Based on the study of public information, the state of implementation of certified quality management systems (QMS) based on the standard ISO 9001 in pharmacies and hospitals of Ukraine is considered. The expediency of the development of the pharmaceutical IQS as an integral part of the overall QMS of the hospital is shown. Through the questionnaire survey of pharmacists, the state of readiness of Ukrainian pharmacies for the implementation of IQS based on the requirements of good practices and international standards in the field of quality, ecology, health and safety and social responsibility was explored. The state of implementation of good pharmaceutical practice (GPP), the requirements of the ISO 9001 standard, the risk management process for medicines quality, corrective and preventive actions has been studied in pharmacies. Positive tendencies and problems in the context of the readiness of pharmacies of Ukraine for the implementation of IQS have been established. Priority steps for improving the state of readiness of Ukrainian pharmacies for the implementation of IQS are identified. The research results confirm that over the last years the pharmaceutical sector of Ukraine has made significant progress towards increasing the readiness of pharmaceutical institutions for the implementation of integrated quality systems.

One of the main directions of logistic support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is medical support which is aimed at life safeguard and health of military personnel, well-timed and efficient provision of medical care in the event of injuries, injuries and diseases, fast renewal of combat power and ability to work in different conditions of its handling and at different period of time. The readiness of medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to the medical support of the troops depends on the well-timed organization of medical supplies and the refilling of medical supplies full and complete. The qualitative and efficient allocation of medical equipment and medical supplies is a determining factor in this process. The aim of the work – reasoning of the irregularity of distribution logistics in the unified logistic system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the study of the main aspects of management of the distribution of medical supplies from the position of military pharmaceutical logistics. To get the purpose of the research, the analysis of domestic scientific sources and the current normative and legal base of Ukraine have been carried out. Research methods are: information search, comparison, systemization, semantic analysis, synthesis and modeling. In the conditions of logistic support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other components of the security and defense forces of Ukraine, the logistic function of the distribution of logistical equipment, inventory, military equipment and services (food, bath and laundry services, etc.) should ensure the activity of troops (forces) in peacetime and war time. It is the guarantee of the ability to ensure the defense of the state and appropriate response to military threats to the national security of Ukraine, efficiently using available potential and resources. Distribution logistics from the position of military pharmaceutical logistics is the management of all functional subsystems of the medical supplies and health services of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine in order to optimize the distribution of the material flow (purchased medical supplies) from the supplier to the final consumer (according to the applications of the Military Medical Clinical Centers of the Regions). Same, distributive logistics in the structure of a unified logistic support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine does not carry a commercial component, and its functions consist in planning, organization of distribution, control and regulation of the logistic process of distribution of material and technical means (including medical equipment and supplies), inventory, military equipment, services (catering, bath and laundry service, etc.). According to the authors, the term «marketing logistics» is not possible to use as a single system of logistic support of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, and in its subsystems. To sum it up, it was suggested to use the term «distributive logistics». On the basis of theoretical generalization of the data of scientific literature and normative legal acts, the main aspects of management of the distribution of medical equipment and supplies from the standpoint of military pharmaceutical logistics are studied. The functions of distributive logistics are defined, the model of the current logistic chain of distribution of medical equipment and supplies in the medical service of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is constructed. It is noted that in order to ensure the qualitative and efficient distribution of medical equipment and supplies, a regulatory and legal framework which regulates the division of powers between institutions and units of medical supplies and defines the responsibility for their implementation in the current conditions of the reformation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

According to modern view, bacterial pathogens are the leading and most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), but at the same time the results of numerous microbiological studies conducted in recent years showed that viruses confidently play the next leading role of CAP causes. Today, antiviral therapy is successfully used within the complex therapy of respiratory diseases, which allows reduction of the disease severity and minimizes the risk of complications. The main requirements for the antiviral drug are fully responsive to the new antiviral drug vitaglutam, the active component of which is pentanedioic acid imidazolyl ethanamide, is a low molecular weight compound, an analogue of the natural peptidoamine. The aim of the work. Mathematical modeling and analysis of clinical and laboratory indicators dynamics of CAP with additional antiviral pharmacotherapy based on pentanedioic acid imidazolyl ethanamide. In the study, it was used retrospective data of 106 patients with mild form of CAP of viral and bacterial etiology. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the 1st main group (50 patients), antibacterial therapy was combined with the antiviral drug vitaglutam. Analysis of antiviral therapy efficiency was provided by grouping of patients and determination of their distribution by gradations of clinical and laboratory indicators, as well as the construction of a mathematical model of their dynamics. According to modeling results, the rate of body temperature normalization, which was higher in patients taking vitaglutam, was a clear criterion for the efficiency of antiviral therapy. With additional antiviral therapy, the dynamics of sputum in the lungs was less intense. Positive clinical changes were accompanied by an improvement in the clinical blood analysis indicators, namely, more significant was the dynamics of ESR decrease. At the same time, dynamics of leukocytes number in patients’ blood was approximately the same in both groups. Analysis of dynamics of clinical and laboratory indicators using the proposed mathematical model suggests that additional prescription of vitaglutam to empirical stepwise antibiotic therapy can significantly reduce the time to achieve clinical and laboratory results of treatment of patients with CAP of viral and bacterial etiology.

The aim of the work was to define the diagnostic ability of the enzyme immunoassay test system DIAHBsAg (PJSC “SPC “Diaprof-Med””), in which the principle of analysis is based on biotin-streptavidin amplification of a specific signal. The assay performance was studied on WHO Second International Standard for HBsAg, subtype adw2, genotype A (NIBSC code: 00/588) in concentration 0.006 IU/ml; on Capricorn HBsAg standard subtypes ad and ay in concentration 0.006 ng/ml and 0.004 ng/ml respectively. All 14 members of the HBsAg Low Titer Performance Panel PHA 106 (BBI, USA) were detected in DIA-HBsAg with high OD/CO ratio 11.9–40.7. The DIA-HBsAg sensitivity is similar to the sensitivity of Roche COBAS and Murex HBsAg 3.0 when tested on the HBsAg Mixed Titer Performance Panel PHA 206 (BBI, USA) which consists of sera with various HBsAg concentrations. The DIA-HBsAg has correctly detected low reactive members of the HBsAg Verification Panel VHA 601 (BBI, USA) with OD/CO ratio 21.0–40.7 whereas the negative member OD/CO was 0.4. In the evaluation of 174 cross-reactive serum specimens one false positive result was obtained out of 8 sera reactive for IgM to HSV-1/2. The DIA-HBsAg specificity on 1 177 blood donors` specimens was 99.9%.

The analysis of scientific researches concerning professional training and qualification certification of engineers-land surveyors in Ukraine and abroad is carried out. The need to study, borrow the experience of one of the countries of the European Union and further adapt this certification in Ukraine is substantiated. Qualification requirements for certification of land surveying engineers in Ukraine and Poland are considered. A comparison of the qualification exam for a certified land surveyor is given. An analysis of the comparison of similar and different indicators for obtaining a certificate of land surveying engineer in Ukraine and Poland. Emphasis is placed on the quality of qualification selection of certified land surveyors. The proposals in the revision of the requirements for obtaining a qualification certificate of a land surveyor in Ukraine are given. In the future, the revision of the qualification certification requirements will help create objective equal opportunities for land relations specialists, improve the quality of land management documentation, as well as facilitate the adaptation of certification with our western neighbors - the European Union. Key words: certificate of land surveyor, certification, land management, surveying engineers, foreign experience, professional practice.

We present the results of molecular dynamic studies of collective dynamics in a system of hard disks confined to a narrow quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) channel. The computer simulations have been performed for the specific channel width of 3/2 of disk diameter in which the disk arrangement at close packing resembles zigzag ordering characteristic of a vertically oriented two-dimensional (2D) triangular lattice. In such a quasi-1D system, which is intermediate between 1D and 2D arrays of hard disks, the transverse excitations obey very specific dispersion law typical of the usual optical transverse modes. This is in a sharp contrast both to the 1D case, where transverse excitations are not possible, and to the 2D case, where the regular shear waves with a propagation gap were observed. Other peculiarities of the dispersion of collective excitations as well as some results of disk structuring and thermodynamics of the quasi-1D hard disk system are presented and discussed for a range of hard disk densities typical for fluid and distorted crystal states.

Gastrotricha is poor known phylum of small metazoans. Information about Ukrainian gastrotrichs’ fauna is old. In total 9 species are reported in this paper. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) hystrix, Chaetonotus (Primochaetus) heideri,Chaetonotus (Zonochaeta) bisacer, Lepidodermella minor minor, Lepidodermella squamata, Ichthydium maximum and Haltidytes festinans are new to the Ukraine fauna. This investigation is giving also additional information for Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) maximus, Chaetonotus(Hystricochaetonotus) macrochaetus, which have been previously reported to the Ukraine fauna but are new for Kharkiv oblast. We provide short description of all species and some ecology aspects.

The scarcity of state resources, the social economic and demographic situation, the deterioration of health status of population require new state approaches of organizing medical and pharmaceutical provision for the population. The aim of the study is the drug supply for patients with type ІІ diabetes. Relevance of theme is determined by the prevalence of the disease, the development of complex concomitant diseases, complications, early disability and high mortality due to low-quality and untimely medical and pharmaceutical care for this category of patients. The object of marketing research was the drugs registered in Ukraine, which cost is the subject to reimbursement for outpatient treatment of patients with type ІІ diabetes by the conditions of March 2017. The search for the proposals of drugs under study on the website of Morion Company was also conducted to assess the real state of the pharmaceutical market on this issue. The main used methods are bibliographic, statistical, marketing, graphic and systematization. The Ukrainian pharmaceutical market of drugs with the cost, which is the subject to reimbursement for outpatient treatment of patients with type II diabetes, has been investigated, and found that Gliclazide and Metformin are registered on the territory of Ukraine in the form of 22 and 91 medicines, respectively. The part of domestic producers of Gliclazide and Metformin is 36% and 33%, respectively. It was revealed, that the assortment of drugs Gliclazide and Metformin, which are available in the pharmacy network, is 2 and 1.4 times less than registered in Ukraine, respectively. Gliclazide and Metformin tablets are offered by domestic and foreign manufacturers in a dosage of 30 mg, 60 mg, 80 mg and 500 mg, 800 mg, 1 000 mg, respectively.

18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose has optimal characteristics for use in nuclear medicine and is a priority among radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis of cancer by positron emission tomography (PET). 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose has the longest half-life with the lowest energy of radiation, it allows to obtain PET images of high contrast at low dose loading on the patient. Low energy positron radiation provides high spatial resolution of PET images. However, the half-life of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose is large enough to allow the transportation of radiopharmaceuticals from the centralized production site to diagnostic centers with PET scanners (the so-called PET satellite concept), and to extend the time limits of PET research and synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals [1]. The study is the development of technology and quality control methods to ensure quality at all stages of the production of radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection. There was justified 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose production technology and quality control at all stages of production, based on complex research in the department producing radiopharmaceuticals Ukrainian Center of radiosurgery consisting Clinical Hospital «Feofaniya». Object of study – 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection, injection is used in nuclear medicine for PET diagnosis of cancer. We used the biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical methods. For the first time based pharmaceutical research was the rational technology of diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection for use in PET diagnosis of cancer patients. Methods of controlling drug 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection according monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. On the basis of the analysis developed by established methods of control performance specifications and shelf life of radiopharmaceuticals 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose, injection.

An urgent task is to carry out regular quality control and rational prescribing of drugs, changes to the drug formulary lists for the purpose of positive influence on the processes of pharmaceutical provision, especially children affected with gastritis and duodenitis. The aim of the work was to create a list of the recommended groups of drugs for further development of the local insurance and formulary drug lists used for treatment of children with gastritis and duodenitis using modern information technologies. Methods of peer reviews, questionnaires, direct observation, modeling, and information analysis were used in the process. The objects of study were regulatory and legislative documents, medication treatments sheets, price lists of wholesale pharmaceutical companies, forms of expert assessments. Science-based guidelines for the assessment of the economic costs for the inclusion of medicines in local formulary drug lists of health care institutions to help children with gastritis and duodenitis in the acute stage, in specialized hospitals, taking into account peculiarities of the disease under study at the regional level were formed. According to the results of a comprehensive study of pharmaceutical provision for treatment of children with gastritis and duodenitis, in addition to an expert evaluation of medicines, recommendations for the creation of a local formulary drug list were made and recommended list of drug groups was determined by 15 INN drugs to be used in the development of a local drug formulary list for pharmacotherapy of the pathology under study.