34 results on '"Tropical semideciduous forest"'
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2. Chlorophyll fluorescence and initial growth of two liana species, Cuspidaria sceptrum (Cham.) L.G. Lohmann and Fridericia florida (DC) L.G. Lohmann, under changes of natural light conditions.
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PAULA, S. M., BOSELLI, M. A., and SANCHES, M. C.
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LIANAS , *REDUCTION potential , *SUNSHINE , *SHADES & shadows , *CHLOROPHYLL spectra , *LEAF area , *DENDRITIC cells - Abstract
The physiological alterations as well as the growth were evaluated in seedlings of two liana species, Cuspidaria sceptrum and Fridericia florida, which were transferred from shade to full sunlight conditions. We cultivated one group of seedlings under full sunlight, the second group under natural shade beneath canopy, and the third group was transferred from shade to full sunlight. Reductions on the potential quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) during predawn was detected under full sunlight, but these responses were more pronounced when the plants were transferred from shade to full sunlight. C. cuspidaria lost all leaves developed under shade a few days after transfer. However, at 60 d after transfer, new leaves were already developed and their Fv/Fm values were similar to full sunlight plants. F. florida was able to maintain its leaves after transfer and exhibited gradual recovery of Fv/Fm over time. The initial photoinhibition influenced growth responses of these liana species, in spite of their heliophyte character as adult plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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3. Ampliación de la distribución geográfica de Lampronycteris brachyotis en la península de Yucatán Extension of geographical distribution of Lampronycteris brachyotis in the Yucatán Peninsula
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Beatriz Bolívar-Cimé, Alan Cuxim-Koyoc, M. Cristina MacSwiney, and Javier Laborde
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murciélago insectívoro ,México ,selva mediana subcaducifolia ,insectivorous bat ,Mexico ,tropical semideciduous forest ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Se registró una hembra juvenil de Lampronycteris brachyotis en una selva mediana subcaducifolia del municipio de Espita, Yucatán. Este es el primer registro de la especie en el estado de Yucatán, lo cual amplía su área de distribución conocida en la península.We registered one juvenile female Lampronycteris brachyotis in a tropical semideciduous forest of Espita county, Yucatán. This is the first record of the species in the state of Yucatán, which extends its distribution in the Peninsula.
- Published
- 2013
4. Flutuações temporais nos padrões de distribuição diamétrica da comunidade arbóreo-arbustivo e de 15 populações em um fragmento florestal Temporal fluctuations in the diametric distribution patterns of the trees and shrub community and 15 populations in a forest fragment
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Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado, Anne Priscila Dias Gonzaga, Warley Augusto Caldas Carvalho, Josival Santos Souza, Pedro Higuchi, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Ana Carolina da Silva, and Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho
- Subjects
Floresta Estacional Semidecidual ,Comunidade arbóreo-arbustiva ,Dinâmica florestal ,Estrutura diamétrica ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,Community of trees and shrubs ,Forest dynamic ,Diametric structure ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Objetivando caracterizar possíveis flutuações nos padrões de distribuição diamétrica foram analisadas, num intervalo de cinco anos (2000-2005), a comunidade e as populações das 15 espécies mais abundantes do compartimento arbóreo de um remanescente de Floresta Semidecídua. A distribuição diamétrica da comunidade apresentou alta concentração nas classes menores e diminuição acentuada no sentido das maiores (J-invertido), em ambos os inventários. As populações apresentaram padrões distintos, arbitrariamente distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo 1, formado por espécies de menor porte e abundantes no sub-bosque, como Galipea jasminiflora, Allophylus edulis, Sebastiania commersoniana, Dendropanax cuneatus e Mollinedia widgrenii, e também espécies de árvores altas e pioneiras, como Acacia polyphylla e Piptadenia gonoacantha, cujas distribuições diamétricas seguiram o modelo J-invertido. Com exceção de Calycorectes acutatus, todas as demais espécies do Grupo 2 (Platycyamus regnellii, Cupania vernalis, Machaerium stipitatum, Machaerium villosum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Persea major e Cassia ferruginea) eram de maior porte, cujos adultos predominavam no dossel da floresta, elevando a área basal e apresentando densidade de indivíduos menor nas classes diamétricas inferiores. No intervalo considerado, apenas D. cuneatus alterou seu padrão de distribuição (Grupo 1-Grupo 2), enquanto as demais os acentuaram. No Grupo 1, a síndrome de dispersão preferencial era anemocórica ou autocórica, ao passo que no Grupo 2 predominava a zoocoria. Assim, o remanescente, por apresentar área pequena, forma alongada e localização semiurbana associada a um regime de intensas perturbações, pode ter ocasionado empobrecimento da fauna dispersora, prejudicando a taxa de recrutamento.Aiming to characterize possible fluctuations in the patterns of diametric distribution, the community and the populations of the 15 most abundant tree species in a fragment of semideciduous forest were analyzed in a five year interval (2000-2005). The diametric distribution of the community showed a high concentration in the smaller classes and accentuated reduction in the biggest classes (reverse-J-shape), for both surveys. The populations presented different patterns, randomly distributed in two groups. Group1, formed by species of smaller diameters and abundant in the sub-canopy, such as Galipea jasminiflora, Allophylus edulis, Sebastiania commersoniana, Dendropanax cuneatus and Mollinedia widgrenii, and also by pioneer species of high trees, Acacia polyphylla and Piptadenia gonoacantha followed the reverse-J-shape curve diametric distributions . All species of Group2 (Platycyamus regnellii, Cupania vernalis, Machaerium stipitatum, Machaerium villosum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Persea major and Cassia ferruginea) except Calycorectes acutatus, present bigger diameters, and their individual adults predominate in the forest canopy, increasing the basal area and presenting a density of smaller individuals in the lower diametric classes. In the evaluated interval, only D. cuneatus altered their distribution pattern (Group1-Group2), while the others increased. In Group1 the main dispersion syndrome is anemochory or autochory, while in Group2 the zoochory syndrome predominates. As the fragment presents a small area, elongated form and semi-urban location associated to a regime of intense disturbances, which may have caused a decrease of the fauna disperseres, compromising the recruitment rate.
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- 2010
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5. Spatial patterns of tree community dynamics are detectable in a small (4 ha) and disturbed fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic forest Padrões espaciais de dinâmicas da comunidade de arbórea num fragmento pequeno (4 ha) e perturbado podem ser detectados
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Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado and Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho
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dinâmica de comunidades arbóreas ,dinâmica florestal ,dinâmica de populações arbóreas ,floresta tropical semidecídua ,Forest disturbance ,Forest fragments ,Forest regeneration ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The dynamics of the tree community of a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest was investigated in south-eastern Brazil. Surveys were carried out in 2000 and 2005 in 29 20 × 20 m plots. The main purpose was to assess the possibility of detecting spatial patterns of dynamics that could be related to the heterogeneity of both the environment and disturbance history in a small forest area (4.0 ha). Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, four pre-defined soil habitats, diameter classes and twelve tree populations. The tree community was rather unstable in the period, once mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates and loss rates of basal area surpassed gain rates all-over the area denoting the prevalence of a degradation process, possibly triggered by a clear felling in 1985 that reduced the area of the fragment in 26%. The tree community dynamics showed no spatial autocorrelation but was not evenly distributed throughout the fragment. This spatial heterogeneity was chiefly determined by the disturbance history of each site while environmental heterogeneity played a secondary but significant role. The main causes of disturbance heterogeneity were the extension of the adjacent felled area, cattle trampling and selective logging. The environmental variables that most strongly correlated with the variations of the dynamics rates were those related to the availability of light, water and mineral nutrients. In contrast with the overall trends, three understory species expanded in the period, possibly at the expense of the steeply declining density of mid-sized trees.A dinâmica da comunidade arbórea e de doze populações foi investigada em um fragmento de Floresta Semidecídua, com base em inventários conduzidos em 2000 e 2005 em 29 parcelas de 20 × 20 m. O objetivo principal foi verificar se seria possível detectar padrões de dinâmica relacionados à heterogeneidade ambiental de um fragmento florestal de área pequena (4,0 ha). Foram obtidas taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento de árvores e taxas de ganho e perda de área basal para a amostra total, quatro habitats de solo previamente definidos, classes de diâmetro e populações. A comunidade arbórea mostrou-se instável no período, uma vez que as taxas de mortalidade superaram as de recrutamento e as taxas de perda superaram as de ganho em área basal tanto na amostra total como nos habitats de solo. Tais mudanças gerais se relacionaram, possivelmente, a uma fase de degradação do ciclo silvigenético provavelmente desencadeada por um severo episódio de distúrbio ocorrido no passado. A dinâmica da comunidade não foi homogênea em todo o fragmento, diferiu significativamente entre os habitats de solo. As variáveis ambientais que se correlacionaram mais fortemente com a variação das taxas de dinâmica foram aquelas vinculadas à disponibilidade de água, luz e nutrientes minerais. Em contraste com a tendência global, as espécies de subdossel expandiram em densidade no período, provavelmente em resposta ao mesmo evento de distúrbio.
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- 2010
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6. Diversidad de aves de hábitats naturales y modificados en un paisaje de la Depresión Central de Chiapas, México
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Jorge E Ramírez-Albores
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riqueza ,aves ,bosque tropical caducifolio ,bosque tropical mediano ,encinar tropical ,vegetación secundaria ,bosque de galería ,cercos vivos ,cultivos ,pastizales y/o potreros ,Chiapas ,richness ,birds ,tropical deciduous forest ,tropical semideciduous forest ,secondary forest ,tropical oak forest ,gallery forest ,live fences ,agricultural fields ,cattle pastures ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Se presenta un análisis de la diversidad y riqueza de aves en un paisaje fragmentado en la Depresión Central de Chiapas. El trabajo de campo se realizó de febrero de 2003 a enero de 2004. Se utilizó el método de conteo por puntos, registrando un total 35 familias y 225 especies de aves. Del total de especies registradas 164 son residentes y 61migratorias. El 3% de las especies son abundantes y el 30% son raras. Se presentaron diferencias significativas en la diversidad, riqueza de especies y número de individuos entre los hábitats de estudio (ANOVA pBird biodiversity in natural and modified habitats in a landscape of the Central Depression of Chiapas, Mexico. In many parts of the neotropics, the original habitats are rapidly changing because of excessive logging, agriculture and livestock activity, with an often negative impact on bird communities. I present an analysis of the diversity and richness of birds in a fragmented landscape of the Central Chiapas Depression. Fieldwork was conducted from February 2003 to January 2004. Using point counts, a total of 35 families and 225 bird species were registered (164 residents and 61 migratory); 3% are abundant and 30% rare. Diversity, species richness and number of individuals were significantly higher in tropical deciduous forest (H´=3.41, 178 species ANOVA p
- Published
- 2010
7. Produção de serapilheira em dois estádios sucessionais de floresta estacional semidecidual na Reserva Mata do Paraíso, em Viçosa, MG Litter production in two successional stages of a tropical semideciduous forest in the Mata do Paraíso Forest Reserve in Viçosa, MG
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Sheila Isabel do Carmo Pinto, Sebastião Venâncio Martins, Nairam Félix de Barros, and Herly Carlos Teixeira Dias
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Serapilheira ,deposição de serapilheira ,floresta estacional semidecidual ,estádios sucessionais ,Litter ,litterfall ,tropical semideciduous forest ,successional stages ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Dois trechos de floresta em distintos estádios sucessionais (floresta inicial e floresta madura) foram avaliados quanto à produção de serapilheira durante o período compreendido entre novembro/2003 e outubro/2004. Os objetivos foram estimar a produção anual de serapilheira, verificar a variação temporal de deposição da serapilheira e investigar a existência de correlações entre a estrutura da vegetação e a produção de serapilheira. O estudo foi realizado na Reserva Mata do Paraíso, em Viçosa, MG, onde foram instalados 20 coletores de 1 mº, colocados a 20 cm acima da superfície do solo. Os coletores foram distribuídos no centro de parcelas de formato retangular, medindo 10 x 30 m cada um, e cada trecho de floresta recebeu 10 coletores. A serapilheira coletada mensalmente foi separada nas frações folhas, ramos, flores e frutos/sementes. A produção anual de serapilheira foi estimada em 6.310 kg.ha-1 na floresta inicial e 8.819 kg.ha-1 na floresta madura. A fração predominante foi a foliar (64,6% e 55,9%), seguida das frações ramos (31,2% e 36,4%), frutos e sementes (3,2% e 6,2%) e flores (1,0% e 1,5%), nas florestas inicial e madura, respectivamente. A produção de serapilheira total foi contínua ao longo do período analisado, apresentando modelo sazonal, com os maiores valores no período da primavera. Na fração foliar, o pico de produção foi verificado em setembro, no final da estação seca. A produção de serapilheira esteve mais relacionada à densidade de indivíduos nas parcelas e à sua biomassa do que à presença de espécies pioneiras nos ambientes estudados.Litter production in two sites of forest (initial forest and mature forest) was evaluated during twelve months, between November/2003 and October/2004, for the estimation of annual litter production, evaluating the time variation of litter deposition and investigating the existence of correlations between vegetation structure and litter production. The study was carried out in the Mata do Paraíso Forest Reserve, nearby Viçosa, MG. Twenty 1 m2 litter traps were placed 20 cm above the soil surface. The litter traps were distributed in the center of the 10 x 30 m plots, ten litter traps in each forest site. Sampling was carried out on monthly basis. The material deposited in the traps was separated into leaves, branches, flowers and seeds. The annual litter production was estimated at 6,310 kg.ha-1 for the young forest and 8,819 kg.ha-1 for the mature forest. Leaves were the predominant fraction (64.6% and 55.9%), followed by branches (31.2% and 36.4%), fruits and seeds (3.2% and 6.2%) and flowers (1.0% and 1.5%) for the young forest and mature forest, respectively. Litter production was uniform throughout the period analyzed showing a seasonal pattern with the largest values in the spring. Maximum production for the leaf fraction was found in September, at the end of the dry season. Litter production was more correlated with density of individuals in the plots and biomass than with pioneer species dominance.
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- 2008
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8. Análise comparativa da estrutura e flora do compartimento arbóreo-arbustivo de um remanescente florestal na Fazenda Beira Lago, Lavras, MG A comparative analysis of the structure and flora of the tree-shrub compartment from a remnant forest at Fazenda Beira Lago, Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado, Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho, Warley Augusto Caldas Carvalho, Josival Santos Souza, Rosângela Alves Tristão Borém, and Luciana Botezelli
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Floresta Estacional Semidecidual ,comunidade arbóreo-arbustiva ,estrutura comunitária ,estrutura fisionômica ,comparações florísticas e estruturais ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,community of trees and shrubs ,community structure ,physiognomic structure ,floristic and structural comparisons ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
Realizou-se o levantamento do compartimento arbóreo-arbustivo de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual montana situado em Lavras, Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de caracterizar sua composição florística e a estrutura comunitária no contexto de outros sete fragmentos próximos. Conhecido como Mata da Lagoa, o fragmento possui uma área de aproximadamente 4,0 ha e está situado nas coordenadas 21º13'11"S e 44º58'15"W e a uma altitude média de 884 m. Foram alocadas 29 parcelas de 20 ´ 20 m, para amostrar os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) ³ 5 cm; registraram-se 1.294 indivíduos de 144 espécies, 94 gêneros e 45 famílias. As distribuições diamétricas das 10 espécies mais abundantes apresentaram dois padrões distintos, aparentemente relacionados com os efeitos da fragmentação e distúrbios sobre os mecanismos de dispersão. Análises de correspondência retificada (DCA) dos dados florísticos e quantitativos de oito fragmentos florestais indicaram forte dissimilaridade entre estes, principalmente quanto à composição florística, o que é, por certo, influenciado pela alta heterogeneidade ambiental da região do Alto Rio Grande. Os padrões de dissimilaridade florística evidenciaram influência mais forte da altitude e proximidade geográfica, ao passo que os padrões de dissimilaridade estrutural apontaram influência mais forte do "status" nutricional e regime de água no solo.The tree-shrub compartment from a fragment of tropical montane semideciduous forest was surveyed in Lavras, MG Brazil, to characterize the floristic composition and community structure within the frame of other seven nearby fragments. Locally known as Mata da Lagoa, the fragment measures 4,0 ha and is situated at the coordinates 21º13'11"S e 44º58'15"W, at an average altitude of 884 m. Individual trees and shrubs with diameter at breast height (dbh) > 5cm were sampled within 29 (20 ´ 20 m) plots. 1294 individuals distributed into 144 species, 94 genera and 45 families were recorded. The diameter distributions of the ten most abundant species showed two distinct patterns, which are apparently related to the effects of fragmentation and disturbance on the dispersion mechanisms. Detrended correspondence analyses (DCA) of floristic and quantitative data of eight forest fragments indicated strong dissimilarity among them, particularly with respect to floristic composition, and it is probably influenced by the high environmental heterogeneity of the region Alto Rio Grande. The floristic dissimilarity patterns suggested a stronger influence of the altitude and geographical proximity, whereas the patterns of structural dissimilarity suggested a stronger influence of the soil nutritional status and ground water regime.
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- 2004
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9. Allometry of a neotropical palm, Euterpe edulis Mart. Alometria de uma palmeira Neotropical, Euterpe edulis Mart
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Luciana F. Alves, Fernando R. Martins, and Flavio A.M. Santos
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fator de segurança ,risco de quebra ,instabilidade mecânica ,floresta tropical semidecídua ,Brasil ,stability safety factor ,risk of buckling ,mechanical instability ,tropical semideciduous forest ,Brazil ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
The stem allometry (stem diameter vs. tree height) of a Neotropical palm (Euterpe edulis) found in rain and seasonal forest of Southeastern Brazil was examined. Observed height-diameter relationships along the stem (diameter at ground level, (dgl), and diameter at breast height (dbh) were compared to three theoretical stability mechanical models: elastic similarity, stress similarity and geometric similarity. Slopes of log-transformed height-diameter relationships did not lie near those predicted by any stability mechanical models. Significant differences in stem allometry were found when comparing dgl to dbh, suggesting greater increase in dbh with height. The relationship between stability safety factor (SSF) and palm height showed that both dgl and dbh were found to be above McMahon's theoretical buckling limit for dicotyledonous trees, but some individuals approached this limit in relation to dbh. Despite displaying a similar decreasing pattern of SSF with height, differences found in SSF along the stem - greater SSF for dgl when compared to dbh - indicate that the risk of mechanism failure in palms depends upon the size and varies along the stem. Distinct allometric relationships along the stem obtained for Euterpe edulis may be reflecting possible differences in stem design and growth strategies.Neste trabalho foram analisadas as relações entre o diâmetro e a altura de uma palmeira Neotropical (Euterpe edulis) comum na Floresta Atlântica do SE do Brasil. As relações observadas entre a altura e o diâmetro ao longo do estipe (diâmetro ao nível do solo (DAS), e diâmetro ao nível do peito (DAP) foram comparadas a três modelos teóricos de estabilidade mecânica: similaridade elástica, similaridade de estresse e similaridade geométrica. As inclinações das regressões altura-diâmetro não se ajustaram a nenhum dos modelos de estabilidade mecânica. Diferenças significativas na alometria do estipe foram encontradas comparando-se as relações altura-DAS com altura-DAP, sugerindo maior incremento em DAP com a altura. A relação entre o fator de segurança do diâmetro contra quebra e a altura mostrou que tanto o DAS como o DAP encontram-se acima do limite teórico de quebra de McMahon para árvores, mas alguns indivíduos aproximam-se deste limite em relação ao DAP. Apesar de apresentarem padrão similar de decréscimo do fator de segurança com a altura, as diferenças encontradas para o fator de segurança ao longo do estipe - maior fator de segurança para o DAS quando comparado com o DAP - indicam que o risco de quebra em palmeiras depende do tamanho e varia ao longo do estipe. As relações alométricas distintas ao longo do estipe obtidas para Euterpe edulis podem estar refletindo possíveis diferenças na forma do estipe e nas estratégias de crescimento.
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- 2004
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10. Composição florística de dois trechos em diferentes etapas serais de uma floresta estacional semidecidual em Viçosa, Minas Gerais Floristic composition of two sites different seral stages of semideciduous seasonal montane forest in Viçosa, Minas Gerais
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Rogério Ferreira Ribas, João Augusto Alves Meira Neto, Alexandre Francisco da Silva, and Agostinho Lopes de Souza
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Floresta estacional semidecidual ,grupos funcionais ,composição florística ,sucessão secundária ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,functional groups ,floristic composition ,secondary succession ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em dois trechos de floresta semidecídua, com diferentes estádios de sucessão secundária, localizada no município de Viçosa-MG, objetivando verificar variações qualitativas na composição florística. Foram demarcadas, em cada trecho, dez parcelas de 10 x 20 m, nas quais foram inventariados todos os indivíduos lenhosos com circunferência à altura de 130 cm do solo maior ou igual a 5 cm. A similaridade florística entre as parcelas foi avaliada por meio de análise de agrupamentos, utilizando o índice de Sørensen. Foram amostradas 67 espécies no trecho com 15 anos e 69 no trecho com 30 anos. Dentre as espécies exclusivas, 38 foram para o trecho com 15 anos e 40 para o trecho com 30 anos. As famílias Annonaceae, Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae e Sapindaceae, com cinco, quatro e quatro espécies cada, respectivamente, e o gênero Nectandra, com duas espécies, foram os taxa mais bem representados no trecho com 15 anos. Por outro lado, as famílias Flacourtiaceae, Meliaceae e Myrtaceae, com quatro, três e quatro espécies, respectivamente, e o gênero Ocotea, com três espécies, foram mais bem representados no trecho com 30 anos. A similaridade florística entre parcelas de um mesmo trecho foi considerada alta, tendo sido relacionada à proximidade espacial, o que implica históricos de perturbação e regeneração semelhantes, resultando, conseqüentemente, em composições florísticas mais similares e mesmo estádio de sucessão secundária.This study was carried out in two sites of a semideciduous forest, under different stages of secondary succession in Viçosa, MG to verify qualitative variations in floristic composition. In each site, ten plots of 10 m x 20 m were delimited, with all woody individuals with circumference at 130 cm height from the soil larger than or equal to 5 cm being listed. Floristic similarity among parcels was evaluated through clustering analysis, using the Sørensen index. Sixty-seven species were sampled in the 15-year-old area, and 69 species in the 30-year-old area. Among the exclusive species, 38 were placed in the younger site and 40 in the older. The families Annonaceae, Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae and Sapindaceae, with five, four and four species, respectively, and the genus Nectandra, with two species, were better represented in the 15-year-old site. On the other hand, the families Flacourtiaceae, Meliaceae and Myrtaceae, with four, three and four species, respectively, and the genus Ocotea, with three species, were better represented in the 30-year-old site. Floristic similarity among plots from the same area was considered high, being related to spatial proximity, which reflects similar bakgrounds of disturbance and regeneration, consequently resulting in similar floristic compositions and secondary succession stage.
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- 2003
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11. Ampliación de la distribución geográfica de Lampronycteris brachyotis en la península de Yucatán.
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Bolívar-Cimé, Beatriz, Cuxim-Koyoc, Alan, MacSwiney, M. Cristina, and Laborde, Javier
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BATS ,HABITATS ,ZOOGEOGRAPHY ,ANIMAL migration ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
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12. Diversidad de aves de hábitats naturales y modificados en un paisaje de la Depresión Central de Chiapas, México.
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Ramírez-Albores, Jorge E.
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HABITATS , *BIRD behavior , *BIRD breeding , *ANIMAL diversity , *EFFECT of logging on animals - Abstract
In many parts of the neotropics, the original habitats are rapidly changing because of excessive logging, agriculture and livestock activity, with an often negative impact on bird communities. I present an analysis of the diversity and richness of birds in a fragmented landscape of the Central Chiapas Depression. Fieldwork was conducted from February 2003 to January 2004. Using point counts, a total of 35 families and 225 bird species were registered (164 residents and 61 migratory); 3% are abundant and 30% rare. Diversity, species richness and number of individuals were significantly higher in tropical deciduous forest (H'=3.41, 178 species ANOVA p<0.0001), which also had the greatest number of species restricted to a single vegetation type (39 species). The incorporation and maintenance of natural and modified habitats are necessary for the survival and reproduction of many birds species in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
13. Dry Season Den Use by Pygmy Spotted Skunk ( Spilogale pygmaea) in a Tropical Deciduous Forest of Mexico.
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Cantú-Salazar, Lisette, Hidalgo-Mihart, Mircea G., López-González, Carlos A., and González-Romero, Alberto
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RAIN forests ,SPOTTED skunks ,ECOLOGICAL risk assessment ,HABITAT selection ,HABITATS ,DEFORESTATION - Abstract
Copyright of Biotropica is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
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14. Variations in tree community composition and structure in a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest in southeastern Brazil related to different human disturbance histories.
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Toniato, Maria Teresa Zugliani and de Oliveira-Filho, Ary T.
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TROPICAL plants ,REGENERATION (Biology) ,FOREST regeneration ,PLANT dispersal - Abstract
In an area of tropical seasonal semideciduous forest, the soil characteristics, floristic composition, physiognomic structure, and the distribution of three regeneration and three dispersal guilds were studied for four stands within the forest that had documented histories of varying degrees of human disturbance. The aim was to study forest regeneration in areas of preserved forest and secondary forest, with parts of both types of forest experiencing either ‘intensive’ or ‘occasional’ cattle trampling. The study was carried out in the Sebastião Aleixo da Silva Ecological Station, Bauru, São Paulo State, Brazil. Two stands were called ‘secondary’ because they corresponded to forest tracts that were felled and occupied by crops and pastures in the past and then abandoned to forest regeneration ca. 40 years before this study. The other two stands, called ‘preserved’, corresponded to areas of the fragment where the forest has been maintained with only minor human impacts. The arboreal component of the tree community (diameter at breast height or
dbh≥5 cm) was sampled in 20 plots of40 m×40 m, and the subarboreal component (diameter at the base of the stem ordbs<5 cm andheight≥0.5 m) in subplots of40 m×2 m. Physiognomic features, such as canopy height and density of climbing plants, were registered all over a5 m×5 m gridline laid on the sample plots. Soil bulk samples were collected for chemical and textural analyses. Most detected differences contrasted the secondary to the preserved forest stands. The soils of the secondary stands showed higher proportions of sand and lower levels of mineral nutrients and organic matter than those of the preserved stands, probably due to higher losses by leaching and erosion. Compared to the secondary stands, the preserved ones had higher proportions of tall trees, higher mean canopy height, lower species diversity, higher abundance of autochorous and shade-tolerant climax species, and lower abundance of pioneer and light-demanding climax species. Despite the high proportion of species shared by the preserved and secondary stands (108 out of 139), they differed consistently in terms of density of the most abundant species. On the other hand, the secondary and preserved stands held similar values for tree density and basal area, suggesting that 40 years were enough to restore these features. Effects of cattle trampling on the vegetation were detected for the frequency of trees of anemochorous and zoochorous species, which were higher in the stands under occasional and intensive cattle trampling, respectively. The density of thin climbers was lower in the stands with intensive trampling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]- Published
- 2004
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15. GROWTH OF NATIVE TREES IN TWO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
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Vanderley Porfírio-da-Silva, Waldomiro Barioni Júnior, Maria Luiza Franceschi Nicodemo, Antonio Aparecido Carpanezzi, Marcelo Dias Müller, and José Ricardo Macedo Pezzopane
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0106 biological sciences ,biology ,Zeyheria tuberculosa ,Agroforestry ,Native trees ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Cariniana estrellensis ,biology.organism_classification ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,01 natural sciences ,Eucalyptus ,Production systems ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,lcsh:SD1-669.5 ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,lcsh:Forestry ,Anadenanthera colubrina ,Peltophorum dubium ,Tree species ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Guazuma ulmifolia - Abstract
Agroforestry systems with eucalyptus prevail in Central and Southeast Brazil, and little information is available about systems using native trees. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of seven native tree species grown under two agroforestry systems. The experiment was conducted starting in 2007 in 12-hectare area in the municipality of São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The tree species planted in the two systems (a silvopastoral system and an agrisilvicultural system) were: 'capixingui' (Croton floribundus) and 'mutambo' (Guazuma ulmifolia) (tutors), 'jequitibá-branco' (Cariniana estrellensis), 'canafistula' (Peltophorum dubium) and 'ipê felpudo' (Zeyheria tuberculosa) (timber trees), and 'angico-branco' (Anadenanthera colubrina) and 'pau-jacaré' (Piptadenia gonoacantha) (N-fixing trees). Data were collected for 48 months. The results show differences among tree development, which was evaluated as growth in height and diameter, as well as sensitivity to insect and disease damage. The overall results show that the agrisilvicultural system allowed better tree development. The species with best performance in the two systems were capixingui, mutambo and canafístula. Ipê-felpudo and jequitibá-branco showed the worst results. The high variability among individuals of the same species indicates the possibility of high production advances with selective breeding of these species.
- Published
- 2016
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16. Ampliación de la distribución geográfica de Lampronycteris brachyotis en la península de Yucatán
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Javier Laborde, M. Cristina MacSwiney, Beatriz Bolívar-Cimé, and Alan Cuxim-Koyoc
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Murciélago insectívoro ,Biología ,México ,tropical semideciduous forest ,murciélago insectívoro ,insectivorous bat ,Mexico ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,selva mediana subcaducifolia - Abstract
ResumenSe registró una hembra juvenil de Lampronycteris brachyotis en una selva mediana subcaducifolia del municipio de Espita, Yucatán. Este es el primer registro de la especie en el estado de Yucatán, lo cual amplía su área de distribución conocida en la península.AbstractWe registered one juvenile female Lampronycteris brachyotis in a tropical semideciduous forest of Espita county, Yucatán. This is the first record of the species in the state of Yucatán, which extends its distribution in the Peninsula.
- Published
- 2013
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17. GROWTH OF NATIVE TREES IN TWO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
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Nicodemo, Maria Luiza Franceschi, Muller, Marcelo Dias, Porfírio-da-Silva, Vanderley, Carpanezzi, Antônio Aparecido, Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo, and Barioni Júnior, Waldomiro
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Production systems ,Floresta Estacional Semidecídua ,Agroforestry ,Sistemas de produção ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,Sistemas agroflorestais - Abstract
Agroforestry systems with eucalyptus prevail in Central and Southeast Brazil, and little information is available about systems using native trees. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of seven native tree species grown under two agroforestry systems. The experiment was conducted starting in 2007 in 12-hectare area in the municipality of São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The tree species planted in the two systems (a silvopastoral system and an agrisilvicultural system) were: 'capixingui' (Croton floribundus) and 'mutambo' (Guazuma ulmifolia) (tutors), 'jequitibá-branco' (Cariniana estrellensis), 'canafistula' (Peltophorum dubium) and 'ipê felpudo' (Zeyheria tuberculosa) (timber trees), and 'angico-branco' (Anadenanthera colubrina) and 'pau-jacaré' (Piptadenia gonoacantha) (N-fixing trees). Data were collected for 48 months. The results show differences among tree development, which was evaluated as growth in height and diameter, as well as sensitivity to insect and disease damage. The overall results show that the agrisilvicultural system allowed better tree development. The species with best performance in the two systems were capixingui, mutambo and canafístula. Ipê-felpudo and jequitibá-branco showed the worst results. The high variability among individuals of the same species indicates the possibility of high production advances with selective breeding of these species. RESUMO Sistemas de produção arborizados com eucalipto predominam no Centro e Sudeste do Brasil, com poucos dados sobre o desempenho de espécies florestais nativas nesses sistemas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento de sete espécies florestais nativas em dois tipos de sistemas de consórcio agroflorestal. O experimento foi implantado em 2007 em uma área de 12 ha, no município de São Carlos - SP. Foram plantados: capixingui (Croton floribundus) e mutambo (Guazuma ulmifolia) (tutoras); jequitibá-branco (Cariniana estrellensis), canafistula (Peltophorum dubium) e ipê-felpudo (Zeyheria tuberculosa) (madeireiras); e angico-branco (Anadenanthera colubrina) e pau-jacaré (Piptadenia gonoacantha) (fixadoras de nitrogênio) em dois tipos de sistemas de consórcio, representados por um sistema silvipastoril e um sistema silviagrícola. Os dados foram coletados durante o período de 48 meses. Houve diferença no desenvolvimento das árvores, avaliados por altura, diâmetro de coleto, danos por insetos e por doenças. O sistema silviagrícola propiciou maior desenvolvimento das árvores. As espécies que se destacaram, nos dois sistemas, foram capixingui, mutambo e canafístula. O ipê-felpudo e o jequitibá-branco apresentaram os piores desempenhos. A grande variabilidade apresentada entre os indivíduos indica a possibilidade de ganhos produtivos significativos com trabalhos de melhoramento e seleção dessas espécies.
- Published
- 2016
18. Produção de serapilheira em dois estádios sucessionais de floresta estacional semidecidual na Reserva Mata do Paraíso, em Viçosa, MG
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Sebastião Venâncio Martins, Nairam Félix de Barros, Sheila Isabel do Carmo Pinto, and Herly Carlos Teixeira Dias
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estádios sucessionais ,Litter ,tropical semideciduous forest ,successional stages ,Forestry ,deposição de serapilheira ,Floresta estacional semidecidual e estádios sucessionais ,Serapilheira ,floresta estacional semidecidual ,litterfall - Abstract
Dois trechos de floresta em distintos estádios sucessionais (floresta inicial e floresta madura) foram avaliados quanto à produção de serapilheira durante o período compreendido entre novembro/2003 e outubro/2004. Os objetivos foram estimar a produção anual de serapilheira, verificar a variação temporal de deposição da serapilheira e investigar a existência de correlações entre a estrutura da vegetação e a produção de serapilheira. O estudo foi realizado na Reserva Mata do Paraíso, em Viçosa, MG, onde foram instalados 20 coletores de 1 mº, colocados a 20 cm acima da superfície do solo. Os coletores foram distribuídos no centro de parcelas de formato retangular, medindo 10 x 30 m cada um, e cada trecho de floresta recebeu 10 coletores. A serapilheira coletada mensalmente foi separada nas frações folhas, ramos, flores e frutos/sementes. A produção anual de serapilheira foi estimada em 6.310 kg.ha-1 na floresta inicial e 8.819 kg.ha-1 na floresta madura. A fração predominante foi a foliar (64,6% e 55,9%), seguida das frações ramos (31,2% e 36,4%), frutos e sementes (3,2% e 6,2%) e flores (1,0% e 1,5%), nas florestas inicial e madura, respectivamente. A produção de serapilheira total foi contínua ao longo do período analisado, apresentando modelo sazonal, com os maiores valores no período da primavera. Na fração foliar, o pico de produção foi verificado em setembro, no final da estação seca. A produção de serapilheira esteve mais relacionada à densidade de indivíduos nas parcelas e à sua biomassa do que à presença de espécies pioneiras nos ambientes estudados. Litter production in two sites of forest (initial forest and mature forest) was evaluated during twelve months, between November/2003 and October/2004, for the estimation of annual litter production, evaluating the time variation of litter deposition and investigating the existence of correlations between vegetation structure and litter production. The study was carried out in the Mata do Paraíso Forest Reserve, nearby Viçosa, MG. Twenty 1 m2 litter traps were placed 20 cm above the soil surface. The litter traps were distributed in the center of the 10 x 30 m plots, ten litter traps in each forest site. Sampling was carried out on monthly basis. The material deposited in the traps was separated into leaves, branches, flowers and seeds. The annual litter production was estimated at 6,310 kg.ha-1 for the young forest and 8,819 kg.ha-1 for the mature forest. Leaves were the predominant fraction (64.6% and 55.9%), followed by branches (31.2% and 36.4%), fruits and seeds (3.2% and 6.2%) and flowers (1.0% and 1.5%) for the young forest and mature forest, respectively. Litter production was uniform throughout the period analyzed showing a seasonal pattern with the largest values in the spring. Maximum production for the leaf fraction was found in September, at the end of the dry season. Litter production was more correlated with density of individuals in the plots and biomass than with pioneer species dominance.
- Published
- 2008
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19. Dinâmica da comunidade e populações arbóreas da borda e interior de um remanescente florestal na Serra da Mantiqueira, Minas Gerais, em um intervalo de cinco anos (1999-2004)
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Gislene de Carvalho Castro, Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado, Vivette Appolinário, Jaqueline M. Alves, Ary Teixeira de Oliveira Filho, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Pedro Higuchi, Ana Carolina da Silva, Warley Augusto Caldas Carvalho, Bruno S. Corrêa, and Luís F. Borges
- Subjects
forest dynamics ,forest fragmentation ,tree population dynamics ,Fragmentation (computing) ,tropical semideciduous forest ,Forestry ,Biology ,dinâmica de comunidades arbóreas ,fragmentação florestal ,Basal area ,tree community dynamics ,dinâmica florestal ,dinâmica de populações arbóreas ,floresta tropical semidecídua - Abstract
A dinâmica da comunidade arbórea e de 26 populações componentes foi investigada em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecídua em Piedade do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais, com base em inventários conduzidos em 1999 e 2004 em 30 parcelas de 400 m², 12 das quais foram locadas na borda do fragmento e 18 em seu interior. O objetivo foi verificar se a comunidade e populações arbóreas (a) estavam estáveis no período, e (b) mostraram uma dinâmica mais acelerada na borda do fragmento que em seu interior. Foram obtidas taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento de árvores e taxas de ganho e perda de área basal para a amostra total, seus dois setores, classes de diâmetro e populações. A hipótese da estabilidade foi rejeitada porque, tanto na borda como no interior, as taxas de mortalidade superaram as de recrutamento, as taxas de ganho superaram as de perda de área basal e as distribuições de tamanho mudaram devido ao declínio na densidade de árvores menores. Tais mudanças gerais se relacionaram, possivelmente, (a) a efeitos de longa duração da fragmentação ainda em curso, (b) a uma fase particular de um ciclo florestal rítmico e/ou (c) à suposta aceleração global das taxas de rotatividade florestal devido ao aumento do CO2 atmosférico. Os dois setores de fato diferiram nas taxas de rotatividade mais elevadas na borda que no interior da floresta, provavelmente devido à maior abundância de luz na borda, mas também porque populações de espécies pioneiras e exigentes de luz, de rápido crescimento, são mais abundantes na borda. The dynamics of the tree community and 26 component populations was investigated in a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest in Piedade do Rio Grande, SE Brazil, based on surveys done in 1999 and 2004 in 30 400 m² plots, 12 of which were located on the edge of the fragment and 18 in its interior. The purpose was to assess whether the tree community and populations (a) were stable in the period, and (b) showed a more accelerated dynamics on the fragment edge than in its interior. Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, its two sectors, diameter classes and tree populations. The stability hypotheses was rejected because, in both the edge and interior, mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates, gain rates of basal area surpassed loss rates, and size distributions changed, with declining density of smaller trees. These overall changes were possibly related to (a) ongoing long-lasting fragmentation effects, (b) a particular phase of a rhythmic forest cycle and, or (c) the alleged recent global acceleration of forest turnover due to increased CO2 in the atmosphere. The two sectors did differ in their turnover rates higher on the edge than in the forest interior, probably because of more abundant light at the edge, but also because tree populations of fast-growing pioneer and light-demanding species are more abundant at the edge.
- Published
- 2007
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20. Composição florística de dois trechos em diferentes etapas serais de uma floresta estacional semidecidual em Viçosa, Minas Gerais
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João Augusto Alves Meira Neto, Alexandre Francisco da Silva, Agostinho Lopes de Souza, and Rogério Ferreira Ribas
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sucessão secundária ,Grupos funcionais ,functional groups ,Floresta estacional semidecidual ,Composição florística e sucessão secundária ,floristic composition ,Forestry ,secondary succession ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,composição florística - Abstract
O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em dois trechos de floresta semidecídua, com diferentes estádios de sucessão secundária, localizada no município de Viçosa-MG, objetivando verificar variações qualitativas na composição florística. Foram demarcadas, em cada trecho, dez parcelas de 10 x 20 m, nas quais foram inventariados todos os indivíduos lenhosos com circunferência à altura de 130 cm do solo maior ou igual a 5 cm. A similaridade florística entre as parcelas foi avaliada por meio de análise de agrupamentos, utilizando o índice de Sørensen. Foram amostradas 67 espécies no trecho com 15 anos e 69 no trecho com 30 anos. Dentre as espécies exclusivas, 38 foram para o trecho com 15 anos e 40 para o trecho com 30 anos. As famílias Annonaceae, Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae e Sapindaceae, com cinco, quatro e quatro espécies cada, respectivamente, e o gênero Nectandra, com duas espécies, foram os taxa mais bem representados no trecho com 15 anos. Por outro lado, as famílias Flacourtiaceae, Meliaceae e Myrtaceae, com quatro, três e quatro espécies, respectivamente, e o gênero Ocotea, com três espécies, foram mais bem representados no trecho com 30 anos. A similaridade florística entre parcelas de um mesmo trecho foi considerada alta, tendo sido relacionada à proximidade espacial, o que implica históricos de perturbação e regeneração semelhantes, resultando, conseqüentemente, em composições florísticas mais similares e mesmo estádio de sucessão secundária. This study was carried out in two sites of a semideciduous forest, under different stages of secondary succession in Viçosa, MG to verify qualitative variations in floristic composition. In each site, ten plots of 10 m x 20 m were delimited, with all woody individuals with circumference at 130 cm height from the soil larger than or equal to 5 cm being listed. Floristic similarity among parcels was evaluated through clustering analysis, using the Sørensen index. Sixty-seven species were sampled in the 15-year-old area, and 69 species in the 30-year-old area. Among the exclusive species, 38 were placed in the younger site and 40 in the older. The families Annonaceae, Leguminosae Caesalpinioideae and Sapindaceae, with five, four and four species, respectively, and the genus Nectandra, with two species, were better represented in the 15-year-old site. On the other hand, the families Flacourtiaceae, Meliaceae and Myrtaceae, with four, three and four species, respectively, and the genus Ocotea, with three species, were better represented in the 30-year-old site. Floristic similarity among plots from the same area was considered high, being related to spatial proximity, which reflects similar bakgrounds of disturbance and regeneration, consequently resulting in similar floristic compositions and secondary succession stage.
- Published
- 2003
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21. Influence of soils and topography on the variations of species composition and structure of the community of trees and shrubs of a tropical semideciduous forest in Ingaí, southeastern Brazil
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N. Curi, Ary Teixeira de Oliveira Filho, Luciene Alves Rodrigues, and Rejane Tavares Botrel
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soil-vegetation relationship ,Ecology ,Species distribution ,Diameter at breast height ,tropical semideciduous forest ,Soil classification ,Forestry ,multivariate analysis ,Nutrient ,Geography ,community of trees and shrubs ,Canonical correspondence analysis ,riverine forest ,Soil water ,Drainage - Abstract
Foi realizado um levantamento da comunidade arbóreo-arbustiva, da topografia e dos solos de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual com o objetivo de verificar as possíveis correlações entre variações da estrutura fisionômica e composição de espécies e variações do regime de água e fertilidade química dos solos. O fragmento florestal, com área de 17 ha, localiza-se às margens do rio Ingaí (21º24' S e 44º55' W), no município de Ingaí, MG. Foram realizados um levantamento plani-altimétrico da área e uma classificação detalhada dos solos da floresta. Foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 20 × 20 m para amostrar os indivíduos arbóreo-arbustivos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) > ou = 5 cm. Amostras do solo superficial (0-20 cm de profundidade) foram coletadas nas parcelas para análises das propriedades químicas e texturais. Foram registrados nas parcelas 2.683 indivíduos distribuídos em 140 espécies, 90 gêneros e 41 famílias, bem como quatro subgrupos de solos e seis classes de drenagem. Uma análise de correspondência canônica (CCA) dos padrões emergentes das variáveis ambientais e da abundância das espécies indicou que estas se distribuem no fragmento sob forte influência do regime de água e da fertilidade química dos solos. Além disso, várias espécies produziram correlações significativas entre sua abundância nas parcelas e as classes de drenagem e saturação por bases dos solos, sugerindo que água e nutrientes minerais são as principais variáveis ambientais determinando a distribuição das espécies na floresta. A survey of the community of trees and shrubs, topography and soils of a fragment of tropical semidecidous forest was carried out with the objective of assessing alleged correlations between the variations in physiognomic structure and species composition and variations in soil water regime and chemical fertility. The forest fragment, with an area of 17 ha is situated on the margin of the river Ingaí (21°24' S and 44°55' W), Ingaí municipality, Minas Gerais state, south-eastern Brazil. A topographic survey and a detailed soil classification were accomplished in the forest area. Individual trees and shrubs with diameter at breast height (dbh) > or = 5 cm were sampled in 25 plots with 20 × 20 m of dimensions. Samples of surface soil (0-20 cm of depth) were collected from each plot for analyses of chemical and textural properties. The survey registered 2,683 individuals belonging to 140 species, 90 genera, and 41 families, as well as four soil subgroups and six drainage classes. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of the patterns emerging from the environmental variables and species' abundances indicated that these are distributed in the fragment under a strong influence of the water regime and chemical fertility of the soils. Besides, many species produced significant correlations among their abundance in the plots, soil drainage classes and saturation of bases, suggesting that water and mineral nutrients are key environmental variables determining species distribution in the forest.
- Published
- 2002
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22. GROWTH OF NATIVE TREES IN TWO AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS
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Maria Luiza Franceschi Nicodemo, Marcelo Dias Muller, Vanderley Porfírio-da-Silva, Antônio Aparecido Carpanezzi, José Ricardo Macedo Pezzopane, and Waldomiro Barioni Júnior
- Subjects
Agroforestry ,Production systems ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
ABSTRACT Agroforestry systems with eucalyptus prevail in Central and Southeast Brazil, and little information is available about systems using native trees. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the development of seven native tree species grown under two agroforestry systems. The experiment was conducted starting in 2007 in 12-hectare area in the municipality of São Carlos, São Paulo state, Brazil. The tree species planted in the two systems (a silvopastoral system and an agrisilvicultural system) were: 'capixingui' (Croton floribundus) and 'mutambo' (Guazuma ulmifolia) (tutors), 'jequitibá-branco' (Cariniana estrellensis), 'canafistula' (Peltophorum dubium) and 'ipê felpudo' (Zeyheria tuberculosa) (timber trees), and 'angico-branco' (Anadenanthera colubrina) and 'pau-jacaré' (Piptadenia gonoacantha) (N-fixing trees). Data were collected for 48 months. The results show differences among tree development, which was evaluated as growth in height and diameter, as well as sensitivity to insect and disease damage. The overall results show that the agrisilvicultural system allowed better tree development. The species with best performance in the two systems were capixingui, mutambo and canafístula. Ipê-felpudo and jequitibá-branco showed the worst results. The high variability among individuals of the same species indicates the possibility of high production advances with selective breeding of these species.
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23. Temporal fluctuations in the diametric distribution patterns of the trees and shrub community and 15 populations in a forest fragment
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Ana Carolina da Silva, Pedro Higuchi, Anne Priscila Dias Gonzaga, Rubens Manoel dos Santos, Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho, Josival Santos Souza, Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado, and Warley Augusto Caldas Carvalho
- Subjects
Platycyamus regnellii ,Pioneer species ,biology ,Estrutura diamétrica ,Diametric structure ,Dinâmica florestal ,Acacia ,Forestry ,Plant community ,biology.organism_classification ,Floresta Estacional Semidecidual ,Polyphylla ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,Forest dynamic ,Community of trees and shrubs ,Allophylus edulis ,Botany ,Machaerium villosum ,Comunidade arbóreo-arbustiva ,Sebastiania - Abstract
Objetivando caracterizar possíveis flutuações nos padrões de distribuição diamétrica foram analisadas, num intervalo de cinco anos (2000-2005), a comunidade e as populações das 15 espécies mais abundantes do compartimento arbóreo de um remanescente de Floresta Semidecídua. A distribuição diamétrica da comunidade apresentou alta concentração nas classes menores e diminuição acentuada no sentido das maiores (J-invertido), em ambos os inventários. As populações apresentaram padrões distintos, arbitrariamente distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo 1, formado por espécies de menor porte e abundantes no sub-bosque, como Galipea jasminiflora, Allophylus edulis, Sebastiania commersoniana, Dendropanax cuneatus e Mollinedia widgrenii, e também espécies de árvores altas e pioneiras, como Acacia polyphylla e Piptadenia gonoacantha, cujas distribuições diamétricas seguiram o modelo J-invertido. Com exceção de Calycorectes acutatus, todas as demais espécies do Grupo 2 (Platycyamus regnellii, Cupania vernalis, Machaerium stipitatum, Machaerium villosum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Persea major e Cassia ferruginea) eram de maior porte, cujos adultos predominavam no dossel da floresta, elevando a área basal e apresentando densidade de indivíduos menor nas classes diamétricas inferiores. No intervalo considerado, apenas D. cuneatus alterou seu padrão de distribuição (Grupo 1-Grupo 2), enquanto as demais os acentuaram. No Grupo 1, a síndrome de dispersão preferencial era anemocórica ou autocórica, ao passo que no Grupo 2 predominava a zoocoria. Assim, o remanescente, por apresentar área pequena, forma alongada e localização semiurbana associada a um regime de intensas perturbações, pode ter ocasionado empobrecimento da fauna dispersora, prejudicando a taxa de recrutamento. Aiming to characterize possible fluctuations in the patterns of diametric distribution, the community and the populations of the 15 most abundant tree species in a fragment of semideciduous forest were analyzed in a five year interval (2000-2005). The diametric distribution of the community showed a high concentration in the smaller classes and accentuated reduction in the biggest classes (reverse-J-shape), for both surveys. The populations presented different patterns, randomly distributed in two groups. Group1, formed by species of smaller diameters and abundant in the sub-canopy, such as Galipea jasminiflora, Allophylus edulis, Sebastiania commersoniana, Dendropanax cuneatus and Mollinedia widgrenii, and also by pioneer species of high trees, Acacia polyphylla and Piptadenia gonoacantha followed the reverse-J-shape curve diametric distributions . All species of Group2 (Platycyamus regnellii, Cupania vernalis, Machaerium stipitatum, Machaerium villosum, Copaifera langsdorffii, Persea major and Cassia ferruginea) except Calycorectes acutatus, present bigger diameters, and their individual adults predominate in the forest canopy, increasing the basal area and presenting a density of smaller individuals in the lower diametric classes. In the evaluated interval, only D. cuneatus altered their distribution pattern (Group1-Group2), while the others increased. In Group1 the main dispersion syndrome is anemochory or autochory, while in Group2 the zoochory syndrome predominates. As the fragment presents a small area, elongated form and semi-urban location associated to a regime of intense disturbances, which may have caused a decrease of the fauna disperseres, compromising the recruitment rate.
- Published
- 2010
24. Spatial patterns of tree community dynamics are detectable in a small (4 ha) and disturbed fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic forest
- Author
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Machado, Evandro Luiz Mendonça and Oliveira-Filho, Ary Teixeira de
- Subjects
Forest disturbance ,dinâmica florestal ,dinâmica de populações arbóreas ,floresta tropical semidecídua ,Forest regeneration ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,dinâmica de comunidades arbóreas ,Forest fragments - Abstract
The dynamics of the tree community of a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest was investigated in south-eastern Brazil. Surveys were carried out in 2000 and 2005 in 29 20 × 20 m plots. The main purpose was to assess the possibility of detecting spatial patterns of dynamics that could be related to the heterogeneity of both the environment and disturbance history in a small forest area (4.0 ha). Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, four pre-defined soil habitats, diameter classes and twelve tree populations. The tree community was rather unstable in the period, once mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates and loss rates of basal area surpassed gain rates all-over the area denoting the prevalence of a degradation process, possibly triggered by a clear felling in 1985 that reduced the area of the fragment in 26%. The tree community dynamics showed no spatial autocorrelation but was not evenly distributed throughout the fragment. This spatial heterogeneity was chiefly determined by the disturbance history of each site while environmental heterogeneity played a secondary but significant role. The main causes of disturbance heterogeneity were the extension of the adjacent felled area, cattle trampling and selective logging. The environmental variables that most strongly correlated with the variations of the dynamics rates were those related to the availability of light, water and mineral nutrients. In contrast with the overall trends, three understory species expanded in the period, possibly at the expense of the steeply declining density of mid-sized trees. A dinâmica da comunidade arbórea e de doze populações foi investigada em um fragmento de Floresta Semidecídua, com base em inventários conduzidos em 2000 e 2005 em 29 parcelas de 20 × 20 m. O objetivo principal foi verificar se seria possível detectar padrões de dinâmica relacionados à heterogeneidade ambiental de um fragmento florestal de área pequena (4,0 ha). Foram obtidas taxas de mortalidade e recrutamento de árvores e taxas de ganho e perda de área basal para a amostra total, quatro habitats de solo previamente definidos, classes de diâmetro e populações. A comunidade arbórea mostrou-se instável no período, uma vez que as taxas de mortalidade superaram as de recrutamento e as taxas de perda superaram as de ganho em área basal tanto na amostra total como nos habitats de solo. Tais mudanças gerais se relacionaram, possivelmente, a uma fase de degradação do ciclo silvigenético provavelmente desencadeada por um severo episódio de distúrbio ocorrido no passado. A dinâmica da comunidade não foi homogênea em todo o fragmento, diferiu significativamente entre os habitats de solo. As variáveis ambientais que se correlacionaram mais fortemente com a variação das taxas de dinâmica foram aquelas vinculadas à disponibilidade de água, luz e nutrientes minerais. Em contraste com a tendência global, as espécies de subdossel expandiram em densidade no período, provavelmente em resposta ao mesmo evento de distúrbio.
- Published
- 2010
25. Spatial patterns of tree community dynamics are detectable in a small (4 ha) and disturbed fragment of the Brazilian Atlantic forest
- Author
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Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado and Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho
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Ecology ,Forest disturbance ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Felling ,Forest regeneration ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,Forest fragments ,Basal area ,Spatial heterogeneity ,Disturbance (ecology) ,Habitat ,Spatial ecology ,Spatial variability ,Trampling - Abstract
The dynamics of the tree community of a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest was investigated in south-eastern Brazil. Surveys were carried out in 2000 and 2005 in 29 20 × 20 m plots. The main purpose was to assess the possibility of detecting spatial patterns of dynamics that could be related to the heterogeneity of both the environment and disturbance history in a small forest area (4.0 ha). Rates of mortality and recruitment of trees and gain and loss of basal area were obtained for the whole sample, four pre-defined soil habitats, diameter classes and twelve tree populations. The tree community was rather unstable in the period, once mortality rates surpassed recruitment rates and loss rates of basal area surpassed gain rates all-over the area denoting the prevalence of a degradation process, possibly triggered by a clear felling in 1985 that reduced the area of the fragment in 26%. The tree community dynamics showed no spatial autocorrelation but was not evenly distributed throughout the fragment. This spatial heterogeneity was chiefly determined by the disturbance history of each site while environmental heterogeneity played a secondary but significant role. The main causes of disturbance heterogeneity were the extension of the adjacent felled area, cattle trampling and selective logging. The environmental variables that most strongly correlated with the variations of the dynamics rates were those related to the availability of light, water and mineral nutrients. In contrast with the overall trends, three understory species expanded in the period, possibly at the expense of the steeply declining density of mid-sized trees.
- Published
- 2010
26. Effects of spatial proximity, substrate and edges on the tree community structure of a tropical forest fragment in Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Machado,Evandro L.M., Oliveira-Filho,Ary T., Berg,Eduardo Van Den, Carvalho,Warley A.C., Souza,Josival S., Marques,João J.G.S.M., and Calegário,Natalino
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análise multivariada ,multivariate analysis ,topography ,topografia ,geoestatística ,geostatistics ,tropical semideciduous forest ,floresta tropical semidecídua ,solos ,soils - Abstract
Este trabalho procurou detectar a influência de efeitos de borda, espaciais e variáveis do substrato sobre as variações estruturais da comunidade arbórea de um pequeno (4,0 ha) fragmento florestal situado em Lavras, MG. Árvores com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) > 5 cm foram identificadas e medidas em 29 parcelas de 20 ×20 m, distribuídas sistematicamente por todo o fragmento. Variáveis relacionadas ao substrato foram obtidas para cada parcela a partir da topografia, análises laboratoriais de amostras do solo e medidas da compactação do solo. Um 'fator borda' foi calculado por parcela a partir da morfometria do fragmento. Variáveis espaciais foram derivadas das coordenadas cartesianas do centro das parcelas. Uma análise de correspondência canônica da distribuição da abundância das espécies indicou correlações significativas com algumas variáveis das matrizes ambiental e espacial. As primeiras foram classe de drenagem, cota média e saturação por bases, que explicaram 22,4% da variância total. As espaciais, x e x2*y, explicaram 12,7%, mas os dois conjuntos compartilharam, indistintamente, 4,6% da variância total. Portanto, descontadas as variações estocásticas e não explicadas (69,5%), a distribuição das espécies arbóreas no fragmento é primariamente influenciada pela distribuição espacial, status nutricional e regime de água dos solos. The present study aimed at detecting the influence of both edge effects and space substrate-related variables on the structural variations of the tree community in a small (4.0 ha) forest fragment in Lavras, Minas Gerais state, SE Brazil. Trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) > 5 cm were identified and measured in 29 (20 ×20 m), systematically distributed plots over the fragment. Substrate-related variables were obtained for each plot from the topography, laboratory analyses of soil samples and soil compaction measures. An 'edge factor' was calculated per plot from the fragment morphometry. Spatial variables were derived from the Cartesian coordinates of plot center. A canonical correspondence analysis of the species distribution abundance indicated significant correlations with some variables of the environmental and spatial matrices. The first ones were drainage classes, mean elevation, and saturation of bases, which explained 22.4% of the total variance. The spatial variables, x and x2*y, explained 12.7%, but the two sets shared, indistinctly, 4.6% of the total variance. Therefore, apart from the unexplained and stochastic variations (69.5%), the species distribution on the fragment is primarily influenced by spatial proximity, soil nutritional status and ground water regime.
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- 2008
27. Spatial variation of tree community structure in a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest in Piedade do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
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Carvalho,Warley A. C., Oliveira Filho,Ary Teixeira de, Fontes,Marco A. L., and Curi,Nilton
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forest fragmentation ,análise multivariada ,multivariate analysis ,estrutura da comunidade arbórea ,edge effect ,florística ,efeito borda ,environment-vegetation relationship ,correlação ambiente-vegetação ,tropical semideciduous forest ,floresta tropical semidecídua ,tree community structure ,fragmentação florestal - Abstract
Foi realizado um levantamento da comunidade arbórea, do relevo e solos de um fragmento de floresta semidecídua com objetivo de verificar as possíveis correlações entre variações da estrutura comunitária e composição de espécies e variações do efeito borda e do regime de água e fertilidade dos solos. O fragmento possui 30 ha, com coordenadas 21º29'03" S e 44º06'05" W, em Piedade do Rio Grande, MG. Foram realizados um levantamento plani-altimétrico e uma classificação detalhada dos solos da floresta. Indivíduos arbóreos com diâmetro à altura do peito > 5 cm foram amostrados em 30 parcelas de 400 m² , sendo 12 parcelas situadas na borda do fragmento e 18 no interior do fragmento. Amostras do solo superficial (0 a 20 cm de profundidade) foram coletadas nas parcelas para análises das propriedades químicas e texturais. Foram registrados 1.778 indivíduos pertencentes a 174 espécies e três subgrupos de solos. A densidade de árvores e a diversidade de espécies foram mais elevadas nas parcelas de borda que nas de interior, mas nenhuma diferença foi detectada para área basal. Uma análise de correspondência canônica interativa dos padrões emergentes das variáveis ambientais, variáveis espaciais e abundância das espécies indicou que estas se distribuem no fragmento sob forte influência da proximidade espacial, do efeito borda, do regime de água do solo expresso pela cota topográfica e da fertilidade química dos solos expressa pela saturação por bases. A survey of the tree community, topography and soils of a fragment of tropical semideciduous forest was carried out with the objective of assessing alleged correlations between the variations in community structure and species composition and variations in edge effect and soil water regime and chemical fertility. The fragment (30 ha of area) is situated at 21º29'03" S and 44º06'05" W, in Piedade do Rio Grande, Minas Gerais State, SE Brazil. A topographic survey and a detailed soil classification were accomplished in the forest area. Individual trees with diameter at breast height (dbh) > 5 cm were sampled in 30 plots with 400 m², 12 of which were placed at the forest edges and 18 in the forest interior. Samples of surface soil (0-20 cm of depth) were collected from each plot for analyses of chemical and textural properties. The survey registered 1,778 individuals belonging to 174 species, and three soil subgroups. Tree density and species diversity was higher in edge than in interior plots, but no difference was found for basal area. An interactive canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of the patterns emerging from the environmental variables, spatial variables and species abundances indicated that these are distributed in the fragment under a strong influence of spatial proximity, edge effects, soil water regime expressed by topographical elevation and soil chemical fertility expressed by the bases saturation.
- Published
- 2007
28. Seed Priming Effects on Germination and Seedling Establishment of Useful Tropical Trees for Ecological Restoration.
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Peraza-Villarreal, Humberto, . Sánchez-Coronado, María E., Lindig-Cisneros, Roberto, Tinoco-Ojanguren, Clara, Velázquez-Rosas, Noé, Cámara-Cabrales, Luisa, and Orozco-Segovia, Alma
- Abstract
We assessed the effects of seed priming and soil retainers on seed germination and early seedling performance of useful species in a tropical semideciduous forest in Veracruz, México. We determined mass and water and lipid content in the seeds of Albizia saman, Cedrela odorata, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, and Swietenia macrophylla. The seeds were exposed to hydropriming and natural priming (seed burial inside the soil) and germinated at 25°C and 25/35°C. The produced seedlings were grown in a shade house and planted in a plain terrain and a hillside (slope 75%). Seedling growth and survival were evaluated. S. macrophylla and E. cyclocarpum seeds had the lowest and highest water content, respectively. S. macrophylla and C. odorata had oil seeds. A. saman and E. cyclocarpum seeds had physical dormancy. Natural priming improved germination in A. saman, C. odorata, and S. macrophylla while hydropriming and 25/35°C enhanced germination in E. cyclocarpum. In the shade house, natural priming promoted seedling growth in all studied species and in the field survival of A. saman and S. macrophylla. In E. cyclocarpum, this effect was obtained with hydropriming in the plain terrain. In the hillside, hydropriming and natural priming and 25/35°C improved survival of S. macrophylla and E. cyclocarpum, respectively. Seed burial for 8 days improved germination, seedling performance, and survival. To bury seeds inside a pot placed in a shade house induced natural priming in C. odorata. We suggest natural priming for A. saman, C. odorata, and S. macrophylla, and hydropriming for E. cyclocarpum seeds. Germination pretreatments were inexpensive and easy tools potentially applicable in restoration and conservation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Comunidade arbórea de um continuum entre floresta paludosa e de encosta em Coqueiral, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- Author
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Cinthia Tamara Rocha, Eduardo van den Berg, João José Marques, Marco Aurélio Leite Fontes, Ary Teixeira de Oliveira Filho, and Douglas Antônio de Carvalho
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geography.geographical_feature_category ,Ecology ,ecótono ,Species distribution ,Community structure ,tropical semideciduous forest ,ecotone zone ,Circumference ,Floristics ,Geography ,Habitat ,correlação espécie-ambiente ,Canonical correspondence analysis ,floresta ripária ,riverine forest ,environment-vegetation relationship ,Riparian forest ,swampy forest ,Water content ,floresta estacional semidecídua ,floresta paludosa - Abstract
Neste trabalho objetivou-se descrever a comunidade arbórea de um continuum entre floresta paludosa e de encosta em Coqueiral, Minas Gerais, verificando correlações entre variações na estrutura da comunidade e ambiente. Distribuíram-se 25 parcelas de 20 X 20 m pelo fragmento florestal, onde se levantaram altura, circunferência (mínima de 15,5 cm) e identidade botânica de todos indivíduos e coletaram-se variáveis topográficas e edáficas. As correlações espécie-ambiente foram analisadas por análise de correspondência canônica (CCA) e teste de Spearman. Os hábitats paludoso e de encosta diferiram em estrutura e espécies. Encontrou-se perfil florístico comum às matas ciliares do Alto e Médio Rio Grande, enquanto a porção paludosa diferenciou-se do encontrado no sudeste. A distribuição das espécies correlacionou-se principalmente com a drenagem do solo e proximidade da lagoa. A grande diversidade edáfica e o forte gradiente de umidade sobre uma área pequena resultaram em diferentes hábitats e em uma comunidade arbórea diversa, combinando fitofisionomias de florestas semidecídua e paludosa, além de resquícios de cerrado. The purpose of the present contribution was to describe the community of trees of a continuum extending from swampy to upland forest in Coqueiral, SE Brazil, assessing the correlations between the variations of community structure and those of the environment. Sampling was carried out in 25 plots of 20 X 20 m laid on the forest fragment to survey trees with a minimum circumference of 15.5 cm (registering their circumference, height and species) as well as topographic and soil variables. Species-environment correlations were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and Spearman's test. The swampy and upland habitats differed substantially in both community structure and floristic composition. The general floristic profile was similar to that of other riparian forests of the Mid and Upper Rio Grande region, whilst the swampy portion of the forest differed from what is commonly found in SE Brazil. The species distribution was correlated mainly to soil drainage and proximity to the lake. The high soil diversity and the strong soil moisture gradient found over a small area resulted in different habitats and a diverse community of trees and shrubs that combined phyto-physiognomies of semideciduous and swampy forests, along with cerrado patches.
- Published
- 2005
30. Dinâmica da comunidade arbustivo-arbórea em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual localizada no município de Rio Claro, SP, durante o período de 1989-2003
- Author
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Manzatto, Angelo Gilberto [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Assis, Marco Antonio de [UNESP]
- Subjects
Florística ,Florestas ,Forest dynamic ,Tropical semideciduous forest - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:01:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 manzatto_ag_dr_rcla.pdf: 670572 bytes, checksum: 214e3956624d3fad7ce979a8133dfb58 (MD5) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) As alterações na estrutura e na composição florística de um fragmento de floresta estacional Semidecidual foram descritos para o período de 14 anos (1989 - 2003). Esse fragmento, denominado Mata da Fazenda São José (MFSJ), apresentou para o período de estudo um aumento na densidade arbustivo-arbórea, entretanto houve uma diminuição da área basal total para a comunidade. A composição florística apresentou grande dinamismo, registrando a perda de 42 espécies e o ingresso de 38. As espécies dominantes apresentaram variações nos seus valores de densidade relativa, demonstrando que a estrutura fitossociológica é dinâmica, alterando-se ao longo do tempo. As análises multivariadas da vegetação indicaram a presença de quatro grupos vegetacionais relacionados aos quatro subgrupos edáficos identificados na área de estudo. As análises quantitativas e qualitativas da estrutura da comunidade demonstraram diferenças em cada um destes subgrupos, os quais apresentaram, ao longo do período de estudo, diferenças referentes às suas alterações na estrutura e na substituição das espécies. Essa característica tem modulado ao longo do tempo e projetado uma comunidade altamente diversificada, apresentando peculiaridades quanto às áreas que constituem o mosaico sucessional. Changes in the structure and composition in the tropical semideciduous forest were described in 14-year-period. The studied fragment called Mata da Fazenda São José (MFSJ) presents under the studied period an increasing scrubs and trees density rate, however there was a decreasing rate on its total community basal area. The floristic composition showed great dynamism, indicating 42 species loss and 38 species gain. The main species presented variability on its relative density, demonstrating that the phytosociological structures is dynamic and changes as time passes by. The multivariate analysis of vegetation indicated four vegetation groups, related to the four different soil subgroups found on the study area. The quantitative and qualitative analysis over the community structures, presented differences on each of these groups which presented, along the studies period, differences related to its structure changing and species substitution. This characteristic has modulated and projected a highly diversified community showing different characteristics on the fields compounding the succession patch.
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- 2005
31. Análise comparativa da estrutura e flora do compartimento arbóreo-arbustivo de um remanescente florestal na Fazenda Beira Lago, Lavras, MG
- Author
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Rosângela Alves Tristão Borém, Josival Santos Souza, Ary Teixeira de Oliveira-Filho, Warley Augusto Caldas Carvalho, Luciana Botezelli, and Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado
- Subjects
estrutura comunitária ,Diameter at breast height ,Forestry ,Biology ,Floresta Estacional Semidecidual ,Tropical semideciduous forest ,Floristics ,floristic and structural comparisons ,Altitude ,comparações florísticas e estruturais ,community of trees and shrubs ,physiognomic structure ,Montane ecology ,estrutura fisionômica ,comunidade arbóreo-arbustiva ,community structure - Abstract
Realizou-se o levantamento do compartimento arbóreo-arbustivo de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual montana situado em Lavras, Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de caracterizar sua composição florística e a estrutura comunitária no contexto de outros sete fragmentos próximos. Conhecido como Mata da Lagoa, o fragmento possui uma área de aproximadamente 4,0 ha e está situado nas coordenadas 21º13'11"S e 44º58'15"W e a uma altitude média de 884 m. Foram alocadas 29 parcelas de 20 ´ 20 m, para amostrar os indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) ³ 5 cm; registraram-se 1.294 indivíduos de 144 espécies, 94 gêneros e 45 famílias. As distribuições diamétricas das 10 espécies mais abundantes apresentaram dois padrões distintos, aparentemente relacionados com os efeitos da fragmentação e distúrbios sobre os mecanismos de dispersão. Análises de correspondência retificada (DCA) dos dados florísticos e quantitativos de oito fragmentos florestais indicaram forte dissimilaridade entre estes, principalmente quanto à composição florística, o que é, por certo, influenciado pela alta heterogeneidade ambiental da região do Alto Rio Grande. Os padrões de dissimilaridade florística evidenciaram influência mais forte da altitude e proximidade geográfica, ao passo que os padrões de dissimilaridade estrutural apontaram influência mais forte do "status" nutricional e regime de água no solo. The tree-shrub compartment from a fragment of tropical montane semideciduous forest was surveyed in Lavras, MG Brazil, to characterize the floristic composition and community structure within the frame of other seven nearby fragments. Locally known as Mata da Lagoa, the fragment measures 4,0 ha and is situated at the coordinates 21º13'11"S e 44º58'15"W, at an average altitude of 884 m. Individual trees and shrubs with diameter at breast height (dbh) > 5cm were sampled within 29 (20 ´ 20 m) plots. 1294 individuals distributed into 144 species, 94 genera and 45 families were recorded. The diameter distributions of the ten most abundant species showed two distinct patterns, which are apparently related to the effects of fragmentation and disturbance on the dispersion mechanisms. Detrended correspondence analyses (DCA) of floristic and quantitative data of eight forest fragments indicated strong dissimilarity among them, particularly with respect to floristic composition, and it is probably influenced by the high environmental heterogeneity of the region Alto Rio Grande. The floristic dissimilarity patterns suggested a stronger influence of the altitude and geographical proximity, whereas the patterns of structural dissimilarity suggested a stronger influence of the soil nutritional status and ground water regime.
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- 2004
32. Allometry of a neotropical palm, Euterpe edulis Mart
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Luciana F. Alves, Fernando Roberto Martins, and Flavio Antonio Maës dos Santos
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Geometric similarity ,stability safety factor ,risk of buckling ,Mechanical models ,Diameter at breast height ,tropical semideciduous forest ,Plant Science ,Biology ,mechanical instability ,biology.organism_classification ,Ground level ,Horticulture ,Allometry ,Palm ,Mechanical instability ,Brazil ,Euterpe edulis - Abstract
The stem allometry (stem diameter vs. tree height) of a Neotropical palm (Euterpe edulis) found in rain and seasonal forest of Southeastern Brazil was examined. Observed height-diameter relationships along the stem (diameter at ground level, (dgl), and diameter at breast height (dbh) were compared to three theoretical stability mechanical models: elastic similarity, stress similarity and geometric similarity. Slopes of log-transformed height-diameter relationships did not lie near those predicted by any stability mechanical models. Significant differences in stem allometry were found when comparing dgl to dbh, suggesting greater increase in dbh with height. The relationship between stability safety factor (SSF) and palm height showed that both dgl and dbh were found to be above McMahon's theoretical buckling limit for dicotyledonous trees, but some individuals approached this limit in relation to dbh. Despite displaying a similar decreasing pattern of SSF with height, differences found in SSF along the stem - greater SSF for dgl when compared to dbh - indicate that the risk of mechanism failure in palms depends upon the size and varies along the stem. Distinct allometric relationships along the stem obtained for Euterpe edulis may be reflecting possible differences in stem design and growth strategies.
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- 2004
33. Allometry of a neotropical palm, Euterpe edulis Mart
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Alves, Luciana F., Martins, Fernando R., and Santos, Flavio A.M.
- Subjects
fator de segurança ,stability safety factor ,risk of buckling ,instabilidade mecânica ,Brasil ,tropical semideciduous forest ,mechanical instability ,floresta tropical semidecídua ,Brazil ,risco de quebra - Abstract
The stem allometry (stem diameter vs. tree height) of a Neotropical palm (Euterpe edulis) found in rain and seasonal forest of Southeastern Brazil was examined. Observed height-diameter relationships along the stem (diameter at ground level, (dgl), and diameter at breast height (dbh) were compared to three theoretical stability mechanical models: elastic similarity, stress similarity and geometric similarity. Slopes of log-transformed height-diameter relationships did not lie near those predicted by any stability mechanical models. Significant differences in stem allometry were found when comparing dgl to dbh, suggesting greater increase in dbh with height. The relationship between stability safety factor (SSF) and palm height showed that both dgl and dbh were found to be above McMahon's theoretical buckling limit for dicotyledonous trees, but some individuals approached this limit in relation to dbh. Despite displaying a similar decreasing pattern of SSF with height, differences found in SSF along the stem - greater SSF for dgl when compared to dbh - indicate that the risk of mechanism failure in palms depends upon the size and varies along the stem. Distinct allometric relationships along the stem obtained for Euterpe edulis may be reflecting possible differences in stem design and growth strategies. Neste trabalho foram analisadas as relações entre o diâmetro e a altura de uma palmeira Neotropical (Euterpe edulis) comum na Floresta Atlântica do SE do Brasil. As relações observadas entre a altura e o diâmetro ao longo do estipe (diâmetro ao nível do solo (DAS), e diâmetro ao nível do peito (DAP) foram comparadas a três modelos teóricos de estabilidade mecânica: similaridade elástica, similaridade de estresse e similaridade geométrica. As inclinações das regressões altura-diâmetro não se ajustaram a nenhum dos modelos de estabilidade mecânica. Diferenças significativas na alometria do estipe foram encontradas comparando-se as relações altura-DAS com altura-DAP, sugerindo maior incremento em DAP com a altura. A relação entre o fator de segurança do diâmetro contra quebra e a altura mostrou que tanto o DAS como o DAP encontram-se acima do limite teórico de quebra de McMahon para árvores, mas alguns indivíduos aproximam-se deste limite em relação ao DAP. Apesar de apresentarem padrão similar de decréscimo do fator de segurança com a altura, as diferenças encontradas para o fator de segurança ao longo do estipe - maior fator de segurança para o DAS quando comparado com o DAP - indicam que o risco de quebra em palmeiras depende do tamanho e varia ao longo do estipe. As relações alométricas distintas ao longo do estipe obtidas para Euterpe edulis podem estar refletindo possíveis diferenças na forma do estipe e nas estratégias de crescimento.
- Published
- 2004
34. Insights for the Conservation of Native Tree Species Gleaned From the Advance Regeneration Community in a Seasonally Dry Tropical Landscape.
- Author
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Mesa-Sierra, Natalia and Laborde, Javier
- Abstract
The pervasive loss of primary forest in the tropics means that we need a better understanding of how transforming tropical landscapes affects plant regeneration if we wish to recover and maintain the diverse composition, structure, and function of tropical forest and landscapes. Advance regeneration (AR) is a crucial stage in forest dynamics; it includes all the immature woody plants that germinate and establish and may eventually form part of the forest as adults. In this study, we describe AR in three contiguous habitats in the tropics of central Veracruz, Mexico: a protected tropical semideciduous forest, a 17-year-old secondary forest (SF), and coastal dune scrub (DS). The community attributes of the AR were analyzed among and within the three habitats as were the relationship between its spatial variability and microenvironmental conditions and the attributes of the adult woody vegetation. In total, 3,195 individuals belonging to 95 species and 40 families were recorded in 90 quadrats of 25 m
2 (sampling area: 2,250 m2 ). Brosimum alicastrum (Moraceae) was the most abundant species (1,498 individuals) and occurred in all three habitats. Despite having an adult community dominated by secondary species, the AR of the SF had a high degree of similarity with the primary forest. In the DS, late successional species were rare indicating it will likely take centuries for it to become a forest. Regardless of the severe fragmentation of the area and its nutrient-poor sandy soils, our results show that the seasonally dry tropical region of central Veracruz is highly resilient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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