Search

The species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte is known as a dangerous pest of maize. The insect was monitored at ARDS Secuieni in the period 2021-2023, with the help of yellow traps with glue, but also pheromonal ones placed in maize crops. During the three years of monitoring, the presence of this species was observed in the maize crops in the Central area of Moldova, totaling an average number of 663 specimens. The flight of the species started in the first decade of July in all monitored years, and continued until the end of September in 2021 and 2022, respectively until the first decade of October in 2023. The maximum flight peak of was different each year, registering in the third decade of July in 2021, in the first decade of August in 2022 and in the third decade of August in 2023. On average, the flight of the species started in the first decade of July and continued throughout the maize vegetation period, the maximum flight peak being recorded in the first decade of August. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most polyphagous pests encountered in maize crops is Tanymecus dilaticollis Gyll. which, are consuming the plants foliage in the first phenophases of vegetation and reduce the crop density. Between 2018 and 2021, the series of research carried out in the Center of Moldova concerning the T. dillaticollis Gyll. pest continued and consisted in monitoring the insect attack produced at: (I) maize sown in different sowing timing and (II) different Romanian and foreign maize genotypes. The maize seeds were treated with systemic insecticide from the neonicotinoid class (imidacloprid 600 g/l) according to the disclaimers received year after year from the Ministry of Agriculture in Romania. In the experimented period, the lowest degree of attack was recorded in the late sowing time, at the beginning of May and in mid-May compared to the optimal sowing time, and the most affected by the attack of hibernating adults was the maize sown early. Regarding the attack produced in Romanian and foreign maize genotypes, it was found five of the hybrids experimented registered attack below the average experience. The results show that sowing time and maize genotype have a smaller role as opposed to spring weather conditions which are influencing the attack size and adult density in the maize crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we present the results regarding the evolution of monoecious hemp crop on the yield of seeds, stems and fiber, by fallowing the Secuieni Method under the pedoclimatic conditions in the Agricultural Research and Development Station Secuieni Neamț (A.R.D.S. Secuieni, Neamț). The experience takes place in the experimental field of the unit, and it is a multifactorial experience, of the type 3 x 2 x 3, in three repetitions: A factor - variety (Denise, Diana, Dacia), B factor - distance between rows (25 cm; 50 cm), C factor - „Secuieni metho" (uncut, one cut, two cuts). On average, during the three years of experimentation, the above factors greatly influenced the seed yield obtained, which varied widely, from 806 kg • ha-1 (Denise x 50 cm x uncut) to 1117 kg • ha-1 (Dacia x 50 cm x two cuttings). Regarding the yield of stems, this also varied quite a lot, from 9219 kg • ha-1 (Denise x 50 cm x two cuttings) up to 12634 kg • ha-1 (Dacia x 50 cm x uncut). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the period 2019-2022, at A.R.D.S. Secuieni through the implementation of the ADER 2.2.1. project, the series of observations and determinations on appearance and evolution of harmful entomofauna in rapeseed, sunflower and corn crops continued. The pests monitoring was carried out by ground surveys with a metric frame (25/25 cm), yellow bowl traps, Barber and yellow glue traps from crop emergence until plants mature. The collected material was subjected to a mathematical analysis to calculate the ecological parameters: abundance (A), dominance (D), constancy (C) and the index of ecological significance (W) which highlight the characteristics of the analyzed biocenosis. Recorded data showed that in rapeseed, the harmful entomofauna included 20 pest species that totalled on average 1207 specimens per year, whose abundance had maximum values of 523 specimens/year at the species Ceuthorynchus pallidactylus. The rapeseed species were classified into four classes of dominance, four classes of constancy and five classes of the ecological significance index. In sunflower, the harmful entomofauna consisted of 16 species, which totalled an average of 504 specimens annually, with abundance values between 1 and 182 specimens. Of the 16 species, three were classified in the D5 dominance class, two in the D4 class, five in the D3 class, and six in the D1 class as well as in classes C1 and C2. In terms of the index of ecological significance, Harpalus sp. fell into the W3 class, the rest of species being into the W1 and W2 classes. In corn, the entomofauna was also composed of 16 species totalling an average of 3720 specimens/year. The species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera had the highest abundance (2388 specimens) classified in the class of D5 dominance, C3 constancy and W5 index of ecological significance. The entomofauna harmful to rapeseed, sunflower and corn crops is quite numerous in terms of species and specimens number, which requires permanent monitoring and the application of appropriate measures to prevent attacks and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize is cultivated on 2,678.5 thousand ha in Romania, and its cultivation on large areas attracts a number of pests that attack various parts of the plant in different developmental phases. One of these dangerous pests is Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., a species that occurs during the growing season of maize and causes production losses by the attack on the stem and cob. The larvae produce various attacks, influenced by climatic conditions, the frequency of attacked plants being between 15.7 and 67.9% in the south-west of the country, in the south-east of the country varies between 43.3-79.4%, in the Transylvanian Plain has values between 60.00% and 81.88%, in the west of the country the attack is around 41%, and in the east of the country by 30.20%. The importance of attacks by Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. at maize led to the initiation of studies in 2019 at the A.R.D.S. Secuieni to determine the influence of technological factors on the parameters of attack (frequency of attack, average number of holes, galleries and larvae and average length of gallery) produced by larvae. For the maize sown in epochs, the optimal epoch, the IIIrd, recorded the lowest values of the parameters: the frequency of the attack was 18.65%, were identified 0.60 holes/plant, 0.39 galleries/plant and 0.38 larvae/plant, and the average length of the galleries was 8.39 cm. The behavior of genotypes at the attack produced by larvae varied within very wide limits, the frequency of the attack was between 36.56% at the early genotype Vibrion and reached 48.50% at the late genotype Olt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum, due to its high drought resistance, has become more common in many parts of the world. The article presents the results of the changes generated, by the two factors studied (Factor A - sowing density with three graduations and Factor B - mineral fertilization, with nitrogen and phosphorus with five graduations) and by their interaction, in some soil characteristics from an experimental field organized by A.R.D.S. Secuieni, where grain sorghum was cultivated. In order to assess the influence of fertilization and plant density, 45 soil samples were collected from the experimental field and analyzed. From the analysis of laboratory tests and statistical data processing, results statistically significant changes soil reaction, manganese and mobile iron contents under the influence of the interaction of the two experimental factors studied: sowing density and level of fertilization. The other soil quality indicators have no changed statistically significant under the influence of the tested technological factors however, showing slight increasing trends of the N, P, K contents in soil as a result of the applied fertilization treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In addition to the 25 species of harmful insects, of economic importance for the maize crops identified in Romania, of which, the corn leaf weevil (Tanymecus dilaticollis) and wireworms (Agriotes spp.) are very dangerous soil pests, it is added species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte. The species was identified in Europe in 1992, and in 1996 it spread to Romania. The spreding area of the pest was initially restricted in the south-west and west, in the counties of Arad, Timiș, Caraș-Severin, Mehedinți, Dolj, Hunedoara, then gradually spread to all areas of maize cultivation. In the eastern part of the country, respectively in thearea of influence of the A.R.D.S. Secuieni (Neamț, Bacău and North Vrancea counties area) the insect was reported in 2015, the flight intensity, abundance and frequency of attack increased from year to year, which imposed as a necessity the monitoring of the species and the way of attack. The species Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte causes damage to maize crops both in the larval stage and in the adult stage. Oligophagous larvae feed on the roots of several species of grasses, except sorghum, which they gnaw, cut off, the strongly attacked plants have the slanted stem in the form of a swan's neck, the plants dry prematurely, production losses being 10 - 13%, sometimes higher, up to 55%. Adults are polyphagous, but especially feed on the leaves, silk and corn pollen, but also on the grains at the top of the cobs. The attack reported on the corn leaves is similar to that of the species Lema menalopa. Observations and determinations on the appearance and flight of adults were made using yellow glue traps, which have been installed in maize crops since the beginnig of June. The first adults were registered in the first decade of July, the flight continued without interruption until the end of September. During this period July - September, the adults made a single flight curve, the maximum flight peak was recorded in the second decade of August and totaled an average of 470 specimens / trap / decade. Knowing the abundance of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte in agricultural crops in Central Moldova, it is necessary to continue the research on knowledge of bioecology, factors influencing the emergence, evolution and attack, measures to prevent and control the pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize is one of the most cultivated plants species in Europe. Throughout Romania, maize was present on 2.68 million hectares in 2019. As such, special care should be taken to protect these crops against harmful organisms and especially insects. In the current context of the climate changes that become more visible from one year to another on agricultural crops and also on the pest attack intensity, it is necessary to know the evolution of the pest European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. in maize crops. For this reason, the pest was monitored under conditions of the central part of Moldavia, Romania, in order to evaluate the adult’s appearance and the flight pattern. Number of adults of O. nubilalis collected during the study period 2018-2020 totalled 1652 specimens, of which 488 specimens were registered in 2018, 729 specimens in 2019, and 437 specimens in 2020. The flight of adults began at the end of May in 2018, respectively at the beginning of June in 2019 and 2020 and continued without interruption until the end of September each year. The flight curves of O. nubilalis were monitored in the study period, the maximum peaks were recorded at different times, influenced by temperature conditions and precipitation recorded in April - August. The flight of moths has undergone changes, it was interrupted by rainfall in June and July, the flight increased in intensity during August, in mid or the end of the month, when second peaks were recorded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the first report of the species Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. in Romania in 1898, the insect spread and is currently present in all corn crops in our country. The production losses that the insect produces vary from one year to another, from one field to another, one of the factors influencing the reduction of the attack is the cultivated maize hybrid. This paper presents the preliminary results obtained in 2019, where was studied the influence of the precocity group and the hybrid variety on the attack level produced by the european corn borers larvae in the conditions of the Center of Moldova. The studied maize hybrids show different values of the attack produced by the Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn. larvae. Depending on the maturity group, the genotypes that recorded high attack values are those from FAO groups 400 - 430 (Kerala and Olt), followed by semi-early hybrids in FAO groups 370-380, and the lowest attack was recorded by the hybrid Vibrion maize classified as FAO maturity group 290. Of the three maize varieties tested, the sweet hybrid was the most affected by the european corn borer larvae attack followed by the dentate ones from the semi-early maturity groups and the flint variety (Vibrion) was not affected due to the short period of vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rape is a plant originating from the Mediterranean basin, which due to its rich oil seeds, used in food and illuminated, was widespread during the Middle Ages in the Central and Nordic European countries. Result of the breeding researches, the rape currently occupies a very important place in the world economy as a source of vegetables oils used in food and especially in industry by creating alternative energy solutions. The agronomic importance of rape is undeniable, it is considered one of the most productive crops, one of the best preceding plant for the most demanding culture and a good neighbor of wedge with crops attacked by the same disease. During the period 2010 - 2012, in the ARDS Secuieni conditions, was pursued the identification of harmful entomo-fauna from winter rape crops of Central Moldovian Plateau. The harmful entomo-fauna collected during 2010 - 2012, in rape crops in the Agricultural Research - Development Station Secuieni territory was composed of 15 species which for entire period totaled 4046 specimens/sqm, of the following orders: Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Heteroptera and Lepidoptera. The Coleoptera order had the highest number of species and the highest number of collected specimens. >From Coleoptera order, the Meligethes aeneus had the largest share (62.90%). The collected species were integrated into the five classes of dominance (D1 - subrecedent species, D2 - recedent species, D3 - subdominant species, D4 - dominant species and D5 - eudominant species); the highest rate from the total of collected species, 62.90%, was registered to the D5 class - eudominant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]