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The system of the environment and health monitoring system has been introduced into the work of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the Lipetsk region in 1995. During this period, there was created a database for the collection of regional information on the quality and safety of the environment and public health. Methodology of the analysis is based on an assessment of the habitat on the total rank sanitary and hygiene index of the risk assessment to public health. The established relationships between adverse impacts of environmental factors on health are supported by statistical methods and are visualized in the form of cartograms. The results of multivariate analysis of the environment and the state of public health are summarized in the annual reports and 4 atlases “Sanitary-epidemiological situation in the Lipetsk region” being a good tool for the coordination of managerial decision-making basis for the development of legislative, administrative and regulatory guidance documents on public health. In recent years, in the region there are noted stable trends in the improvement of the quality of the environment, the health of the population and the demographic situation.

Problems of hygienic reliability of the drinking water use in regions of the Russian Federation are observed in the article. The optimization of the water use was shown must be based on the bearing in mind of regional peculiarities of the shaping of water quality of groundwater and surface sources of the water use, taking into account of the effectiveness of regional water protection programs, programs for water treatment, coordination of the activity of economic entities and oversight bodies in the management of water quality on the basis of socio-hygienic monitoring. Regional problems requiring hygienic justification and accounting, include such issues as complex hydrological, hydrogeological, climatic and geographical conditions, pronouncement of the severity of anthropogenic pollution of sources of water supply, natural conditions of the shaping of water quality, efficiency of the water treatment. There is need in the improvement of the problems of the water quality monitoring, including with the use of computer technology, which allows to realize regional hygienic monitoring and spatial-temporal analysis of the water quality, to model the water quality management, to predict conditions of the water use by population in regions taking into account peculiarities of the current health situation. In the article there is shown the practicability of the so-called complex concept of multiple barriers suggesting the combined use of chemical oxidation and physical methods of the preparation of drinking water. It is required the further development of legislation for the protection of water bodies from pollution with the bigging up the status of sanitary protection zones; timely revision of the regulatory framework, establishing sanitary-epidemiological requirements to potable water and drinking water supply. The problem of the provision of the population with safe drinking water requires complex solution within the framework of the implementation of target programs adopted at the Federal and regional levels.

In the article there is considered the quality control and safety system implemented in the one of the largest flight catering food production plant for airline passengers and flying squad. The system for the control was based on the Hazard Analysis And Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles and developed hygienic and antiepidemic measures. There is considered the identification of hazard factors at stages of the technical process. There are presented results of the analysis data of monitoring for 6 critical control points over the five-year period. The quality control and safety system permit to decline food contamination risk during acceptance, preparation and supplying of in-flight meal. There was proved the efficiency of the implemented system. There are determined further ways of harmonization and implementation for HACCP principles in the plant.

Wistar rats were fed propoxur in their diet at 0, 500, 3000, and 8000 ppm during throughout their life. The number of tumors was equal in the control and experimental groups. These were hemoblastoses and breast and uterine tumors. All tumors occurred spontaneously in the rats. A few experimental animals were found to have bladder epithelial hyperplasia that might be pretumorous; however, no bladder tumors were detected. It is concluded that the investigations revealed no carcinogenic activity of propoxur.

When orally administered to rats and mice, phenol-free coal-tar creolin containing 0.018+/-0.002 g/kg of benz(a)pyrene showed no carcinogenic activity. The discrepancy of the biological activity and content of carcinogen in the combined mixture, the role of their components in carcinogenesis, the value of control experiments, and historic control test, and the implication of these rapid tests in the evaluation of their carcinogenicity is shown.

Evaluation of toxicologic hazards associated with the use of veterinary preparations against ecto- and endoparasites of animals and poultry with the purpose of prophylaxis and treatment, evaluation of industrial safety and determination of the upper limits of their residue in live-stock products and the environment, underlies protection of population's and operators' health from the effects of the drugs. The article shows the difference between the acute toxicity parameters of cypermethrin isomers and demonstrates that they enter the organism chiefly through the skin.

Clinical and laboratory study of the efficiency of separate and combined use of low-frequency ultrasound and laser exposure of the operative wound for prevention of pyoinflammatory complications during mandibular osteosynthesis was carried out. Clinical parameters of wound reparation in the course of healing and microbiological and cytological findings in various methods of treatment are presented. The results evidence a high efficiency of these physical methods, particularly of their combination.

Combined drugs with a hydrophilic base, nitacide and hyposol-n, were used in combined therapy of acute purulent inflammations of the maxillofacial area. Time course of clinical parameters and changes in microflora were studied in patients administered different local treatments with different inflammatory reactions. The data indicate a high efficiency of the drugs, which optimized local therapy of suppurative wounds and are recommended for wide practical use.

In a medium proposed for the determination of tetrathionate reductase potassium tetrathionate, requiring complicated techniques for preparation and decomposing during sterilization, is replaced by sodium tetrathionate, obtained extemporaneously and simple in preparation. The medium is balanced and contains no free iodine and sodium thiosulfate.

The species composition of gram-negative opportunistic bacteria isolated from different objects at three puerperal wards of a maternity clinic was studied. Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter were found to have a fairly wide circulation. The objects most contaminated by these bacteria were determined. The study showed that up to 33.3% of the isolated hospital strains of gram-negative bacteria were characterized by multiple resistance to antibiotics used in medical practice and to sulfathiazole. The strains showed the highest sensitivity to gentamicin and kanamycin. Most of the hospital strains were sensitive to chloramine and nirtan, but 4-13% of Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed enhanced resistance to 0.1% chloramine solution.

The tetrathionate reductase test may be used for the identification of P. aeruginosa. The most reliable results have been obtained with the use of a medium containing sodium tetrathionate for this purpose, and replacing bromthymol blue used as an indicator for phenol red excludes the possibility of false negative reactions.

The method of detecting Gram-negative nonfermentative bacteria in the air of surgical hospitals by means of the -1 apparatus has been developed. 167 strains of nonfermentative bacteria have been isolated and studied; of these, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus constitute 88%. Nonfermentative bacteria occur most frequently in the air of wards for patients with severe burns, as well as in the air of dressing rooms when patients with burns are being bandaged there. The possibility of the spread of nonfermentative bacteria in the hospital by the aerogenic route should be taken into account.

To determine the gelatinase activity of Gram-negative nonfermenting microorganisms, a double-layer medium containing 2% of agar in the lower layer and 10-20% of gelatin in the upper layer has been developed. The medium ensures free access of atmospheric oxygen, possibility of rapid (24-42 h) determination of gelatinase activity at 22-25 degrees C, efficacy of the test. simultaneous determination of gelatin hydrolysis by 8-12 strains in one dish.

The possibility of detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacteria in the air of the burn department at the Institute of Surgery was studied. The investigation of large volumes of air (0.5-1 m3) in the wards and the corridor with the use of a new bacteriological aerosol sampler, model IIAB-5, resulted in the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Besides, in a number of other rooms Klebsiella, Proteus, Citrobacter and Enterobacter were detected in the air. The possibility of the spread of Gram-negative opportunistic bacteria through the air in hospital conditions is discussed.

The scheme for the identification of Gram-negative nonfermenting microorganisms is proposed. The scheme comprises the most important key signs, such as the cytochrome oxidase reaction determined by the method of Gaby and Hadley, the oxidation/fermentation test, maltose oxidation and motility, as well as additional key signs, among them gelatinase activity, the oxidation of 10% lactose, nitratase activity with the liberation of free nitrogen, the utilization of the sources of carbon and energy (glucose and sodium acetate) in limited media containing ammonium salts and nitrates as the sources of nitrogen. Additional tests for the identification of nonfermenting microorganisms similar in their main key signs are also recommended.

The multidimensional niche in Gause's law includes, with respect to prokaryotes, the following factors: the alimentary factor, the symbiosis-antagonism complex, the respiratory function, the concentration of associants, mobility. Cultivation in U-shaped tubes is the optimum method for the detection of spatial separation on account of such factors as respiration and mobility.