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Aims: Ropeginterferon alfa‐2b is a novel, long‐acting pegylated interferon alfa‐2b. We aimed to evaluate its safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). Methods: Thirty‐six subjects received single subcutaneous injection of ropeginterferon alfa‐2b at doses ranging from 24 to 270 μg, and 12 subjects received pegylated IFN alfa‐2a subcutaneously at 180 μg. Primary endpoints were safety/PK profiles of ropeginterferon alfa‐2b, while secondary endpoints were to compare PK/PD parameters with pegylated IFN alfa‐2a. Results: Adverse events in ropeginterferon alfa‐2b and pegylated IFN alfa‐2a groups were similar, and most of them were mild or moderate. Mean Cmax increased from 1.78 to 24.84 ng/mL along with the dose escalations in ropeginterferon alfa‐2b groups and was 12.95 ng/mL for pegylated IFN alfa‐2a. At 180 μg, ropeginterferon alfa‐2b showed statistically significant Cmax geometric mean ratio (1.76; P =.0275). Mean Tmax ranged from 74.52 to 115.69 h for ropeginterferon alfa‐2b groups, and was 84.25 h for pegylated IFN alfa‐2a. Mean AUC0‐t increased from 372.3 to 6258 ng•h/mL with the dose escalations in the ropeginterferon alfa‐2b groups, while for pegylated IFN alfa‐2a it was found to be 2706 ng•h/mL in pegylated IFN alfa‐2a. For neopterin and 2′,5′‐oligoadenylate synthase, mean Emax, Tmax and AUC0‐t of ropeginterferon alfa‐2b were similar to those of pegylated IFNα‐2a at 180 μg. Conclusion: Ropeginterferon alfa‐2b up to 270 μg was safe and well tolerated. The PK/PD parameters of ropeginterferon alfa‐2b showed increase in dose–response. Ropeginterferon alfa‐2b had higher drug exposures and showed similar safety profile when compared to pegylated IFN alfa‐2a at the same dose level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The reactive sputtering deposition of electrochromic thin films of V2O5− z onto flexible PET/ITO substrates using argon and oxygen at room temperature (23 °C) was investigated. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed that only low driving voltages, between −0.6 V and +1 V, were needed to provide reversible Li+ ion insertion and extraction. XPS showed that thin film with oxygen deficiency z of 0.13 can offer promising light modulation at a wavelength of 400 nm under visible-UV spectroscopy, with up to 36.5% transmittance variation even after 200 cycles of cyclic voltammetry tests. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The electrochromic properties of V2O5− z (vanadium oxide) thin films sputtered onto 60 Ω/□ flexible PET (polyethylene terephthalate)/ITO (indium tin oxide) substrates at various oxygen flow rates were investigated. The metallic vanadium (V) target, sputtered by radio frequency (r.f.) power with argon gases, and reacted with oxygen gases in room temperature (23 °C), was proven to provide extraordinary electrochromic properties. Cyclic voltammetry measurement demonstrated that only low driving voltages from −0.6 V to 1 V were needed to provide reversible Li+ ion insertion and extraction to and from a working electrode. The working electrode was part of a PET/ITO/V2O5− z flexible electrochromic device (FECD) in a 0.1 M LiClO4–PC (propylene carbonate) electrolyte with a Pt counter electrode and a saturated calomel reference electrode. Cyclic voltammetric (CV) analyses and ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy measured the electrochromic thin films of a-V2O5− z sputtered onto flexible PET/ITO substrate. An oxygen flow rate of 2 sccm with an oxygen deficiency z of 0.169, an insertion coefficient x of 0.097 and ratio of 0.992 can offer excellent light modulation of up to 43.3% of transmittance variance, optical density change of 0.38 and color efficiency of 102.5 cm2/C at a wavelength of 400 nm for 200 cycles of Li+ insertion and extraction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

New eunicellin-base diterpenoids, klysimplexins I-T (1-12), were isolated from a cultured soft coral Klyxum simplex. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, particularly in 1D and 2D NMR experiments. The absolute stereochemistry of 4 was determined by Mosher's method. Compounds 9 and 12 have been shown to exhibit cytotoxicity toward a limited panel of cancer cell lines. Compounds 2-6, 10 and 11 were found to display significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells by inhibiting the expression of the iNOS protein. Compounds 10 and 11 also could effectively reduce the level of COX-2 protein.