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The focus of the present study was to present a case of multilobar kidneys with smooth surface in one New Zealand white rabbit. It is well known that the kidneys of the rabbits are unipyramidal. During dissection it was found that there was an exception in one female animal which was clinically healthy and sexually matured, aged 8 months and with weight from 2.5 kg to 3.2 kg. After evisceration of both kidneys, and incision in the lateral borer of the fresh organs, it was found that the cortex and medulla were constructed by pyramidal shaped lobes. The apex of the lobes formed papillae and got up into calices into the real sinus. The renal pelvis was a concave structure. We conducted an imaging anatomical study. The anatomical preparations were studied in liquid isotonic medium, using ultrasound device with linear transducer. Thus we confirmed the results with these of the organs’ morphological features. The cortex with the fibrous capsule were hyperechoic, compared to the relatively hypoechoic image of the pyramidal lobes. The papillae forming the apex were outlined by the hyperechoic calices. The renal pelvis and hilus were hypoechoic findings. After fixation the kidneys in 10 % water solution of formalin the pyramidal shaped lobes were preserved and with well distinguished papillae. The calices protruded into the sinus. In all methods we found seven number of well-defined pyramidal shaped lobes.

There were 21 blood chemistry examinations conducted on separate dogs with the average age be-ing 9.6±0.63years with pathohistologically proven hemangiosarcoma of the spleen. The results were compared with a control group of 10 clinically healthy dogs. We confirmed higher values of ASAT, ALAT, AP, bilirubin, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, urea and creatinine. In conclusion: hemangiosarcoma of the spleen in dogs is accompanied with data for serious kidney and liver dysfunction., {"references":["Ahlyum M., Lee E., Kim A., Lee E., Hong I., Jeong K. (2011). Canine hemangiosarcoma in a female Jindo dog. Lab Anim Res, 27(4), 361–363.","Albuquerque R., Alice M, Xavier F., De Andrade O., Nascimento T., Silva L., Veloso F., Carlos S. (2014). Unilateral Renal Capsule Hemangiosarcoma in an American Pit Bull Terrier Bitch. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 42, 1–5.","Battaglia L., Petterino C., Zappulli V., Castagnaro M. (2005). Hypoglycaemia as a Paraneoplastic Syndrome Associated with Renal Adenocarcinoma in a Dog. Veterinary Research Communications, 29(8), 671–675.","Bergman P.J. (2007). Paraneoplastic Syndromes. In \"Withrow and Macewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology\". by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc., St. Louis, Missouri 63146, 77–94.","Clifford C.A., Mackin A.J., Henry C.J. (2000). Treatment of Canine Hemangiosarcoma: 2000 and Beyond. JVet Intern Med., 14, 479–485","Finora K., (2003). Common Paraneoplastic Syndromes. Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice, 18(2), 123–126.","Garzotto C.K., Berg J., Hoffmann W.E., Rand W.M. (2000). Prognostic Significance of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma. J Vet Intern Med, 14, 587–592","Gavazza A., Sacchini F., Lubas G., Gugliucci B., Valori E. (2009). Clinical, laboratory, diagnostic and prognostic aspects of canine lymphoma: a retrospective study. Comp Clin Pathol, 18, 291–299","Karabağli G., Düzgün O, Yildar E, Erdoğan Ö, Gürel A. (2011). A Hemangiosarcoma Case in a Dog. J. Fac. Vet. Med. İstanbul Üniv., 37 (2), 161–165","Kelly K.J. (2006). Acute Renal Failure: Much More Than a Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol, 26, 105–113.","Lallo M.A., Ferrarias T.M., Stravino A., Rodriguez J.M., Zucare R.C. (2016). Hematologic abnormalities in dogs bearing mammary tumors. R. bras. Ci. Vet., 23(1–2), 3–8.","Lana S., U'ren L., Plaza S., Elmslie R., Gustafson D., Morley P., Dow S. (2007). Continuous Low- Dose Oral Chemotherapy for Adjuvant Therapy of Splenic Hemangiosarcoma in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 21(4), 764–769.","Lee J.-Y., Shin B.-J., Park J.-Y., Lee Y.-W., Park S.-J., Kim M.-C., Jeong S.-M. (2012). Longissimus lumborum muscle metastasis from mammary gland adenocarcinoma in a dog. Korean J Vet Res, 52(4), 281–283.","Thamm D.H. (2007). Miscellaneous Tumors. In \"Withrow and Macewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology\". by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc., St. Louis, Missouri 63146, 785–795.","Thamma D.H., Dickersona E.B., Akhtarc N., Lewisb R., Auerbachc R., Helfanda S.C., MacEwena E.G. (2006). Biological and molecular characterization of a canine hemangiosarcoma-derived cell line. Research in Veterinary Science, 81(1), 76–86","Zhang F., Sun P., Wang Z., Wang D., Zha D., Wang F.; Fu J., Xu R., Li Y. (2016). Low preoperative albumin-globulin score predicts favorable survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget, 7, 1–11."]}

There were 21 ultrasonographic studies conducted on separate dogs with the average age being 9.6±0.63 years with pathohistologically proven hemangiosarcoma of the spleen. The tumor lesions were with different sizes ranging from 0.5 to upwards of 7cm with irregular shape, uneven outlines and poor differentiation from the surrounding tissue. In the cases of bigger neoplastic formations heteroechogenity and internal cavities were easy to see and were caused by tissue breaking apart. In 23.8% of dogs with spleen hemangiosarcoma we found hemorrhagic peritoneal effusion. The combination of the tumor in the spleen with the presence of hemorrhagic peritonael effusion is a strong indicator of future hemangiosarcoma., {"references":["Ballegeer E.A., Forres, L.J., Dickinson R.M., Schutten M.M., Delaney F.A., Karen M.Y. (2007). Correlation of ultrasonographic appearance of lesions and cytologic and histologic diagnoses in splenic aspirates from dogs and cats: 32 cases (2002–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 230, 690–696.","Crabtree A., Spangler E., Beard D., Smith A. (2010). Diagnostic accuracy of gray‐scale ultrasonog-raphy for the detection of hepatic and splenic lymphoma in dogs. Veterinary Radiology & Ultra-sound, 51(6), 661–664.","Feliciano MAR, Garcia PHS, Vicente WRR. Introdução à ultrassonografi a. In: Feliciano MA, Can-ola JC, Vicente WRR. (2015). Diagnóstico por imagem em cães e gatos. 1st ed. São Paulo: MedVet, 53–57.","Forrest L.J. (2007). Diagnostic Imaging in Oncology. In \"Withrow and Macewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology\", by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc., St. Louis, Missouri 63146, 97–111","Glińska–Suchocka K., Jankowski M., Kubiak K., Spużak J., Dzimira S., Nicpoń J. (2013). Fine needle biopsy of abdominal organs in dogs – indications, contraindications and performance tech-nique. Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 16(4), 835–842.","Karabağli G., Oktay Düzgün, Esma Yildar, Özge Erdoğan, Aydın Gürel. (2011). A Hemangiosar-coma Case in a Dog. J. Fac. Vet. Med. İstanbul Üniv., 37 (2), 161–165.","Lana S., U'ren L., Plaza S., Elmslie R., Gustafson D., Morley P., Dow S. (2007). Continuous Low–Dose Oral Chemotherapy for Adjuvant Therapy of Splenic Hemangiosarcoma in Dogs. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 21(4), 764–769","Lee M., Park J., Choi H., Lee H., Jeong S.M. (2018). Presurgical assessment of splenic tumors in dogs: a retrospective study of 57 cases (2012–2017). J Vet Sci., 19(6), 827–834.","Maronezi MC, Marcus AR Feliciano, Ana Paula R Simões, Michelle Lopes Avante, Ricardo AR Uscategui. (2017). Ultrasonographic tools used in the evaluation of the canine spleen: A review. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu, 30, 185–195.","Pintar J., Breitschwerdt E.B., Hardie E.M., Spaulding K.A. (2003). Acute nontraumatic hemoabdo-men in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 39 cases (1987–2001). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 39, 518–522.","Stamatiou K., Papadoliopoulos I., Dahanis S., Zafiropoulos G., Polizois K. (2009). The accuracy of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of superficial bladder tumors in patients presenting with hematu-ria. Ann Saudi Med, 29(2), 134–137","Thamm D.H. (2007). Miscellaneous Tumors. In \"Withrow and Macewen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology\". by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc., St. Louis, Missouri 63146, 785–795.","Troisi A., Orlandi R., Bargellini P., Menchetti L., Borges P., Zelli R., Polisca A. (2015). Contrast–enhanced ultrasonographic characteristics of the diseased canine prostate gland. Theriogenology, 84(8), 1423–1430.","Webb JA., Kirby GM., Nykamp SG., Gauthier MJ. (2012). Ultrasonographic and laboratory screening in clinically normal mature golden retriever dogs. Can Vet J, 53:626–630."]}

The purpose of the present study was to analyse the changes in concentrations of total proteins, albumin, globulins and albumin/globulin ratio in dogs with experimentally induced acute inflammation. The study was performed on 9 mongrel dogs (experimental group) and 6 mongrel dogs (control group) at the age of 2 years and body weight 12-15 kg. The acute inflammation was reproduced by inoculation of 2 ml turpentine oil in the lumbar region subcutaneously and in same quantity saline in control dogs. Blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes before inoculation (hour 0) then at hours 6, 24, 48, 72 and on days 7, 14, 21. The statistical analysis of the data was performed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The level of albumin statistically decreased in the experimental dogs from at 72nd h to day 14 while the concentration of globulins increased from the 72nd h to day 21. On days 7 and 14 the albumin/globulin ratio slightly decreased. During the whole post inoculation period the values of total protein have not changed. The dates of the present study confirm that albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and globulins are sensitive factors in inflammatory conditions in dogs.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 on pancreas morphology. Also, the possibility for prevention of toxic effects of AFB1 by feed supplementation of a mycosorbent (Mycotox NB) was studied. Experiments were carried out with 60 7-day-old female turkey broilers (meat TM strain) divided into one control and five treatment groups (n=10): Group I – control (0 mg/kg AFB1 not supplemented with Mycotox NG); Group II (0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG), Group III (0.2 mg/kg AFB1), Group IV (0.4 mg/kg AFB1), Group V (0.2 mg/kg AFB1 and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG) and Group VI (0.4 mg/kg AFB1and 0.5 g/kg Mycotox NG). The duration of the experiments was 42 days. Histopathologically, the pancreatic changes in turkey broilers treated at 0.2 mg/kg AFB1 comprised generalised vascular hyperaemia, interlobular oedema, initial disorganisation and disintegration of glandular acini. Birds treated at 0.4 mg/kg AFB1 exhibited complete glandular acini disorganisation, haemorrhages mononuclear cell infiltrations as well as necrobiotic changes. The supplementation of the feed of groups V and VI with the tested toxin binder reduced the severity and frequency of observed histological lesions (slight interlobular oedema, the disintegration of acinar cells was insignificant and initial granular dystrophy of the cytoplasm of Langerhans islet cells).

Investigations into the efficacy of parenteral ivermectin (Pandex) administration for strongylidosis control in donkeys were carried out. The preparation was applied subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 mg / kg (1mℓ / 50 kg body weight). One day prior to the treatment and 14 days post-treatment, individual coprological samples were obtained for faecal nematode egg counts and larval culture. The study was performed on 263 donkeys originating from different regions of Bulgaria. Prior to the treatment and 20 days after that, blood samples were obtained from 64 previously infected animals for monitoring of changes in eosinophil leukocyte counts. The subcutaneous application of ivermectin had an efficacy of 96 % in terms of reduction of faecal egg counts. In 92.2%of infected donkeys, a complete reduction of faecal eggs count occurred (0 eggs per gram of faeces epg), whereas in the remaining 7.8%of the infected donkeys, the egg counts were reduced by 72 %. The reduction in faecal egg counts did not result in changes in eosinophil counts. The results obtained as well as the lack of local changes after the subcutaneous application of ivermectin in donkeys allow us to recommend its use for control of strongyles in donkeys.