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This article explores the everyday policing processes surrounding men's bodily grooming and white-collar masculinities in Japan. Amidst increasing scrutiny of men's bodies, research has highlighted how men understand their grooming in relation to masculinities privileged by class, race, and sexuality. Less is understood, however, about men's experiences of everyday policing processes surrounding grooming. Japanese white-collar cultures where good grooming stands for professionalism provide fruitful contexts to address these gaps. Interviews with 33 socially privileged white-collar men in Tokyo demonstrate how participants understand grooming vis-à-vis masculine ideals of professional competency. Participants are particularly conscious of scrutiny from superiors, colleagues, and subordinates. While past scholarship has often overlooked the vulnerability of privileged men's positions, for white-collar men in Japan, being subject to often cruel policing processes threatens their place on gendered hierarchies. Thus, I argue that even for privileged men, policing of their grooming presents real costs to their hegemonic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the book "Reworking Japan: Changing Men at Work and Play under Neoliberalism," anthropologist Nana Okura Gagné explores the impact of neoliberal reforms on white-collar men, known as salarymen, in Japan. The book examines the historical development of the salaryman figure and the effects of neoliberal corporate reforms on their work lives. It also delves into how white-collar men seek meaning outside of work through after-hours socializing and participation in clubs. The book concludes with an exploration of the working-life histories of seven men, highlighting their agency and complexity. While the analysis of neoliberalism and gender roles could be more thorough, the book provides valuable insights into the experiences of white-collar men in Japan. [Extracted from the article]

This article investigates the role women play in men's everyday grooming practices in contemporary Japan. The past few decades have seen increasing scrutiny of men's bodies with rising standards said to be in response to women's supposed desires. Yet research has thus far focused primarily on cultural representations such as pop idols or models, leaving our understandings of men's lived, everyday bodily experiences largely unexplored. Addressing this gap, I employ an ethnographic approach by drawing on in-depth, semi-structured interviews with thirty-three heterosexual Japanese men of various marital statuses and ask how heteronormative imperatives of appealing to women inform men's understandings of their bodies. Working under a common-sense assumption that women are particularly sensitive to men's bodies, the single participants reported greater attention to bodily grooming in order to attract women in intimate, romantic situations. Meanwhile, married men rely on or are doted upon by their wives in relation to their grooming thus reinforcing orthodox gender roles. Although male grooming may appear to subvert orthodox gender norms according to which men should be disinterested in bodily care, these findings underscore how orthodox, heteronormative gender ideology is in fact reproduced through men's bodies, thanks in large part to women's role therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for clinical research but may not accurately reflect the impact of medicines in real-world settings. Supplementing RCTs with insights from real-world data (RWD) can address known limitations by including more diverse patient populations, additional types of sites-of-care, and practices more representative of the care most people receive. One current challenge in using RWD is the lack of an algorithmic approach to identifying outcomes. To address this, machine learning models for identifying a frequently used outcome, Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE), were developed in Clinical Trial Data (CTD). Anonymized CTD sourced from the Medidata Enterprise Data Store were used to develop model features on the condition that they would be useful for labelling MACE events and that they could also be found in RWD. These features were used to train three random forest models to identify each component of 3-point MACE in a patient’s clinical trial journey. Performance metrics for the models are presented (recall = 0.72 [0.07], precision = 0.68 [0.12] - mean, [SD]) along with the top contributing features. We show that the models can be tuned specifically to replicate the adjudication panels’ results and present a cost–benefit analysis for deploying such models in clinical trial settings. We demonstrate the viability of using advanced algorithms for identifying clinical outcomes in prospective clinical trials. Deployment of such models could reduce the resources required to conduct RCTs. Extending such models to RWD would facilitate approval of pragmatic clinical trials for regulatory submissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]