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広島大学東広島キャンパスには多くの樹木が植栽されている。2020 年度から，学内の植物相を明らかにする一環で植栽樹木の調査を実施している。調査の結果，169 種6,535 本の植栽樹木が確認された。また，植栽樹木の中に絶滅危惧種が確認された。環境省のレッドリストで絶滅危惧II 類に選定されているハナノキAcer pycnanthum K.Koch（ムクロジ科）が確認された。樹木などの場合，生育にはある程度広い空間が必要であるが，キャンパスのような場所は域外保全の場としても有用であると考えられる。また，調査の結果確認された代表的な樹種による二酸化炭素固定量を計算したところ，年間炭素固定量は31.65 t であった。二酸化炭素削減の観点からもキャンパスの樹木の重要性が示唆された。, Many tree species are planted on the Higashi-hiroshima Campus of Hiroshima University (Hiroshima Prefecture, SW Japan). Since 2020, multiple surveys have been conducted to clarify the flora here. We confirmed 6,535 trees belonging to 169 species. The annual carbon dioxide fixation rate of the representative trees identified in the study was 31.65 tons. We also identified Acer pycnanthum K. Koch (Sapindaceae), which is listed as a vulnerable species in Japan’s Red List. As tree species require a certain amount of space for growth, we consider sites such as school campuses useful for ex situ conservation and campus trees important for social amenities and carbon dioxide reduction.

Miyajima (Itsukushima) Island, Hatsukaichi City, Hiroshima Prefecture, is a protected area that serves as the core and buffer zones of Itsukushima Shrine, a World Heritage Site. The Dondon-gawa River on Miyajima Island has its upper stream located on a mountain slope and flows through the town area. A dam is planned to be built on the river to prevent erosion. Since the construction of the dam will involve removing forest and will also affect the plants on the forest floor, we investigated vascular plants to evaluate the species composition and distribution in the planned dam construction area. We confirmed the presence of 124 species (１ lycopod, 12 ferns, 102 angiosperms, and ９ gymnosperms; including both native and naturalized species). Some specimens were unidentifiable by morphology because of dwarfing and unconfirmed flowering due to deer browsing and therefore required DNA barcoding for identification. We also found in the forest bed some rare species listed in the Red List of Hiroshima Prefecture. Consideration should be given to the dam's location for the conservation of these species, together with an assessment of the environmental impact of the dam's placement.

近年，豪雨などの自然災害が頻発しており，平成30年7月豪雨は西日本の広い範囲で甚大な被害をもたらした。広島県廿日市市宮島でも複数か所で土砂災害が発生し，その復旧工事の際の緑化工が行われた。宮島の場合，世界遺産に登録される前からさまざまな法律の規制を受けており，その復旧にはさまざまな制約が存在する。また，広島県の保存管理計画が策定されており，生物多様性の保全を念頭においた施工が求められる。本稿では2か所の緑化地区について，地域性種苗を用いた緑化工を実施した。植えつけ作業は2019年3月から4月に行われた。2019年12月の時点で，両地区で草本と木本をあわせて116種の維管束植物（帰化植物を含む）が確認された。また，樹木の苗は最大で約3 mの樹高まで成長が確認されている。今後，当初目標としていた植生にどの程度近づくのか継続調査を行う予定である。本事業で得られる基礎的な知見は，今後保全地域での緑化の際に参考になる情報である。, In recent years, the frequency of natural disasters has increased, such as the torrential rains in July 2018 (2018 Japan Floods), which caused extensive damage in western Japan. In Miyajima (Itsukushima) Island, Hiroshima Prefecture, landslides occurred in several places, and revegetation was carried out during the restoration work. Even before its designation as a World Heritage Site, the restoration work on this island was regulated by several laws involving various restrictions. In addition, Hiroshima Prefecture established a conservation management plan that required construction with the view of biodiversity conservation. The greening project was conducted at two damaged sites using local seedlings and seeds collected on the island. As of June 2019, 116 species of herbaceous and woody vascular plants (including both native and naturalized species) were confirmed at these two sites. Tree seedlings had grown to a maximum height of approximately 3 meters. In the future, we will continue the survey to determine the closeness of the vegetation to the initial target. The information obtained from this project will be beneficial for future revegetation in conservation areas.

広島県廿日市市宮島町で2020 年度に実施された一般廃棄物最終処分場の嵩上げ工事に伴い，のり面緑化が行われた。宮島はさまざまな法律の規制を受けており，島内での緑化には制約があるとともに，生物多様性の保全を念頭においた施工が求められる。法律の規制などを反映させる形で作られている広島県の保存管理計画（広島県教育委員会 2007）や処分場の当初計画などにもとづき，生物多様性の保全に配慮して地域性種苗を用いた緑化工を今回実施した。播種や植えつけ作業は2021 年3 月から5 月に行われた。その後，当初目標としていた植生にどの程度ちかづくのかを明らかにするため，継続調査を行っている。2021 年度に実施したフロラ調査の結果，96 種の維管束植物（帰化植物を含む）が確認された。本事業で得られる知見は，国立公園特別保護地区・特別地域や特別史跡・特別名勝・天然記念物に該当するような保全が必要な地域で緑化を行う際に参考になる情報である。, In conjunction with the raising of the bank of a general waste disposal site on Miyajima (Itsukushima) Island, Hiroshima Prefecture, western Japan, the slope surface of the bank was greened with local seedlings and seeds collected on the island in March and April 2021. Even before its designation as a World Heritage Site, construction work on this island had already been regulated by several laws involving various restrictions and had to be carried out with biodiversity conservation based on the conservation and management plan of the local government. As a result of flora surveys conducted in 2021, the presence of 96 species of herbaceous and woody vascular plants (including both native and naturalized species) was confirmed. We will continue the survey to determine the closeness of the vegetation to the initial target. The findings from this project will benefit future greening and revegetation work in conservation areas.

Since the 1997 publication “Flora of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan”, a significant number of new vascular plant records have been compiled for Mihara City, Hiroshima Prefecture, SW Japan. A checklist of the vascular plants recorded from Mihara City is provided, based on the previous publications, specimens and our recent investigations. In this investigation, 1,307 species of angiosperms are recorded.

Herbarium collections shape our understanding of the world’s flora and are crucial for addressing global change and biodiversity conservation. The formation of such natural history collections, however, are not free from sociopolitical issues of immediate relevance. Despite increasing efforts addressing issues of representation and colonialism in natural history collections, herbaria have received comparatively less attention. While it has been noted that the majority of plant specimens are housed in the global North, the extent of this disparity has not been rigorously quantified to date. Here, by analyzing over 85 million specimen records and surveying herbaria across the globe, we assess the colonial legacy of botanical collections and how we may move towards a more inclusive future. We demonstrate that colonial exploitation has contributed to an inverse relationship between where plant biodiversity exists in nature and where it is housed in herbaria. Such disparities persist in herbaria across physical and digital realms despite overt colonialism having ended over half a century ago, suggesting ongoing digitization and decolonization efforts have yet to alleviate colonial-era discrepancies. We emphasize the need for acknowledging the inconvenient history of herbarium collections and the implementation of a more equitable, global paradigm for their collection, curation, and use., bioRxiv

広島大学デジタル自然史博物館は，広島大学の開学以来長年にわたって蓄積された教育・研究に関する知的資産を外部に公開し，生涯学習や学校教育のために活用することを目的として設置されている。デジタル自然史博物館には生物学や地学とそれに関係する資料が含まれる。特徴のあるコンテンツとしてはコケ植物や世界遺産宮島に関するものがあげられる。コンテンツの大部分は日本語であり，アクセス数は2015年度以降増加傾向にある。今後，現在進めているMediaWiki を使ったシステムへの移行を進めるとともに，コンテンツの充実やICT を使った学習への対応，運用母体の強化などを通じて，教育・研究のためだけでなく地域貢献のためのリソースとして発展させる計画である。, The Digital Natural History Museum of Hiroshima University is a cluster of web sites for dissemination and practical use of educational and research resources for lifelong learning as well as school education in collaboration with laboratories and centers of Hiroshima University, Japan. The museum site includes contents on biological, environmental and earth sciences, mainly in Japanese with some English, especially bryophytes and the world heritage listed Itsukushima (Miyajima) Island, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Online site access has increased since 2015. The museum site is now transferring the html based system to the MediaWiki system which is a free and open-source wiki software. For regional studies we plan to expand significantly the content of available resources to enable greater use and ease of access through information and communication technology (ICT).

東広島市椋梨川水系にはオオサンショウウオが生息している。2011 年から，生息状況や産卵，幼生の離散などの生態学的な調査が行われている。この過程で幼生が巣穴から離散した直後の隠れ家や餌となる水生昆虫の生息場所として流水中の落ち葉・落枝が重要な役割を担う可能性が示唆されている。本研究では流水中の落ち葉・落枝の詳細を明らかにするため，河畔林のフロラを調査するとともに，幼生が発見された場所の落ち葉との比較を行った。その結果，流水中の落ち葉・落枝として29種の維管束植物が同定できた。流水中の落ち葉・落枝の大半がコナラやスギなどの木本で，離散後の幼生や餌となる水生昆虫の生息場所として周辺の植生が強い影響を与える可能性が示唆された。, Japanese giant salamanders Andrias japonicus inhabit the Mukunashi River around Higashi-Hiroshima City in Hiroshima Prefecture, southwestern Japan; researchers and local people have collaborated to investigate the species’ behavior, particularly its oviposition and the movement of larvae after leaving the nest. In this research we focused on leaf litter in the stream as habitat in which salamander larvae and the aquatic insects which are its critical food cohabit. We studied the flora of the riparian forest to identify the species of leaf litter in the stream among which salamander larvae were found. Leaf litter and branches belonging to 29 species of vascular plants were identified, and most leaves were from the deciduous oak Quercus serrata and the conifer Cryptomeria japonica. It is suggested that the surrounding flora has an important influence on the survival of Japanese giant salamander larvae that have left the nest.

広島県廿日市市宮島の植物について，厳島の自然（1975）の発刊後に標本あるいは文献等で記録されたコケ植物のリストと標本・文献情報等について報告した。標本や文献情報，現地調査の結果，今回が初報告となるOrthotrichum consobrinum Cardot タチヒダゴケとPhyscomitrium eurystomum Sendtn. ヒロクチゴケ，Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid. カラフトキンモウケ，Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort. ミカヅキゼニゴケ，Riccia stenophylla Spruce ホソバウキゴケを含め12種が1975年以降に新たに報告された。また，分類学的研究や分子系統学的研究などの証拠標本として28種の宮島産コケ植物が1975年以降に引用されていることが確認された。, Since the 1975 publication “Land and Life in Itsukushima”, we have documented the addition of 12 bryophytes confirmed or recorded for Miyajima Island, Hiroshima Prefecture, SW Japan. Based on previous publications, specimens and our recent investigations, we add Archidium ohioense Schimp. ex Müll.Hal., Brachythecium sakuraii Broth., Ditrichum lineare (Sw.) Lindb., Eccremidium minutum (Mitt.) I.G.Stone & G.A.M.Scott, Orthotrichum consobrinum Cardot, Physcomitrium eurystomum Sendtn., Timmiella anomala (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr., Ulota crispa (Hedw.) Brid., Fossombronia japonica Schiffn., Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dumort., Riccardia marginata (Colenso) Pearson var. pacifica Furuki, and Riccia stenophylla Spruce. We also provide additional information on previously reported bryophytes, including Diphyscium lorifolium (Cardot) Magombo, Syrrhopodon tosaensis Cardot, Weissia exserta (Broth.) P.C.Chen, W. newcomeri (E.B.Bartram) K.Saito, Archilejeunea planifolia (Horik.) Mizut., Odontoschisma pseudogrosseverrucosum Gradst., S.C.Aranda & Vanderp., Trichocolea pluma (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Mont., and Tuyamaella molischii (Schiffn.) S.Hatt., 本研究の一部は一般財団法人広島地球環境情報センターおよびJSPS科研費16K07481，科学研究費補助金（特定奨励費）の助成を受けたものです。

Since the 1997 publication “Flora of Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan”, a significant number of new vascular plant records have been compiled for Mihara City, Hiroshima Prefecture, SW Japan. A checklist of the vascular plants recorded from Mihara City is provided, based on the previous publications, specimens and our recent investigations. In this investigation, 8 species of lycopods, 142 species of ferns, and 15 species of gymnosperms are recorded.

広島大学東広島キャンパスは広島県西条盆地の中央部に位置し，その敷地内には様々な植物が生育している。キャンパス内の維管束植物に関しては学内誌などに断片的に紹介されてきたが，1995年の移転完了後，網羅的な植物相の調査は行われていない。本稿ではキャンパス内の植物相の現状を把握するため，文献および生態実験園とぶどう池周辺を中心に行った調査にもとづいて，東広島キャンパスの維管束植物目録（101科210属286種）をまとめた。, A preliminary list of the vascular plants of Higashi-hiroshima Campus in Hiroshima University (Hiroshima Pref., SW Japan) was reported based on own field researches and previous reports. A total of 286 native, naturalized and garden species, including infraspecific taxa, were recorded.

広島県三原市久井町に位置する久井岩海は国の天然記念物に指定されている。今回，久井岩海の天然記念物調査に際し，維管束植物（シダ植物，裸子植物，被子植物）のフロラの見直しを行う機会を得た。本稿では，標本および文献にもとづいて久井岩海および周辺地域の維管束植物フロラをまとめた。その結果，維管束植物合計415種（ヒカゲノカズラ植物1種と狭義シダ植物36種，裸子植物6種，被子植物372種。ただし，種以下の下位分類群や雑種は種として数えた）が生育していることが確認された。, Kui Block Field, Mihara City, Hiroshima Prefecture, SW Japan is designated as a national natural monument. In this study, a checklist of the vascular plants recorded from Kui Block Field is provided, based on previous publications, herbarium specimens and our recent investigations. 415 species of vascular plants are recorded, consisting of 1 species of lycopods, 36 species of pteridophytes, 6 species of gymnosperms, and 372 species of angiosperms.

Itsukushima (Miyajima) Island is a UNESCO World Heritage site in Japan. The site consists of Itsukushima Shinto Shrine and a natural forest in Mt. Misen. In 1962, a pack of Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) from Shodoshima Island of Kagawa Prefecture, Shikoku, was introduced for a tourism resource near Shishiiwa Terminal by Miyajima Ropeway Company. After the introduction, the forest area was decayed because of use by the macaques as well as gathering by Japanese sika deer approaching the macaques for feeding. Recently, the macaques were moved to Okazaki Monkey Center in Aichi Prefecture to protect the forest area. In 2016, the heritage site was in the twentieth anniversary of the opening and over 4 million tourists have visited every year; on the other hand, depopulation and aging are progressing in the island. In 2014, a plan was started to restore the original vegetation of the forest near the terminal and to prevent debris flows. The plan was also used as a teaching material in association with environmental education for Miyajima Elementary and Junior High Schools (Miyajima Combined School), one of the UNESCO Associated Schools, in collaboration with Miyajima Natural Botanical Garden of Hiroshima University. Seedlings from many species collected from the natural forest were used and cultivated through the educational program. The program would be continued at least 10 years to foster love of nature as well as hometown of the younger generation to weaken the depopulation trend.

生物学的な研究を行う際の基礎資料として標本は必要不可欠であるが，その状態によっては形態による同定が困難な場合がある。近年DNAバーコーディングによる種の同定が行われるようになっている。今回，広島大学植物標本庫HIROに収蔵されている標本のうち，完全標本でないものを対象にDNAバーコーディングを行った。その結果，沖縄県産の標本から移入植物と考えられるRuellia longepetiolata (Oerst.) Hemsl. を確認し，DNAバーコーディングが標本の管理に有効であることが示された。一方で，沖縄産の標本からハイノキ属Symplocosの一種を確認したが，データベースに登録されている配列とは一致しなかった。この標本については種レベルの同定を行うためさらに検討が必要である。このような場合，形態の検討が重要であり，配列データだけに頼った判断には注意が必要である。本研究の結果，DNAバーコーディングが，完全でない標本の同定に有効であること，その際に分子系統解析を併用することでさらに効果があがること，配列情報だけを使った同定にも限界が存在することが明らかになった。, Herbarium voucher specimens are indispensable for taxonomic research and one of the most important basic materials in biological research generally. However, depending on the condition of the specimen, it may be difficult to identify or effectively exploit the material for study. The DNA barcoding technique is an important research tool for identification based on specimens or samples using standard DNA sequences, and has become much more widely used in recent years. Here, we make a case study for identification of incomplete or otherwise difficult specimens using two imperfect plant specimens deposited in the herbarium HIRO by means of the DNA barcoding technique. DNA barcoding showed that one of the subject specimens from Okinawa Prefecture, southernmost Japan, could be identical to Ruellia longepetiolata (Oerst.) Hemsl. (Acanthaceae). Using a BLAST search, sequences obtained from the other specimen identified only as Symplocos sp. (Symplocaceae), also from Okinawa Prefecture, did not match any sequences deposited in the DNA database, suggesting that further studies would be needed based on traditional taxonomic methodology. The results demonstrated that (1) DNA barcoding is a useful tool to identify specimens in poor condition in the herbarium, (2) phylogenetic analyses are helpful in to determining the identity of specimens, and (3) identification using only DNA barcoding has limitations and is dependent on the extent of the DNA library.

Mosses of the Nagoya University Museum Botanical Garden, Aichi Prefecture, central Japan, were collected and identified. Nine species were recognized along the main trail in the western part of the garden. Among the specimens, three of them were found on a tree trunk, three were on the ground, one was on an algae mat in a water pool, and two were in a green house. Considering that still more diverse habitats are left unexplored, there will be more species to be found in the garden by further studies.

広島県廿日市市宮島の植物について,広島県植物誌(1997)の発刊後に標本あるいは文献等で記録された種子植物について,そのリストと標本・文献情報等について報告した。標本や文献情報,野外調査の結果,ヒメクロモジLindera lancea (Momiy.) H. KoyamaとヒメシロダモNeolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz. f. prematura Okuyama,スズフリイカリソウEpimedium × sasakii F. Maek.,イワヨモギArtemisia sacrorum Ledeb.,ヤマトウミヒルモHalophila nipponica J. Kuo,ホンゴウソウSciaphila nana Blume,ヒナノシャクジョウBurmannia championii Thwaites,シロシャクジョウB. cryptopetala Makino,チャボイEleocharis parvula (Roem. & Schult.) Link ex Bluff, Nees & Schauer.の合計9種の種子植物が宮島のフロラに加わることが明らかになった。また,キミノシロダモNeolitsea sericea (Blume) Koidz. f. xanthocarpa (Makino) OkuyamaとツルメドハギLespedeza × intermixta Makino,ヤマビワMeliosma rigida Siebold & Zucc.,モロコシソウLysimachia sikokiana Miq.,コバノヘクソカズラPaederia scandens (Lour.) Merr. var. mairei (H.Lév.) H. Hara f. microphylla (Honda) H.Hara.については新たな知見または標本情報が得られた。ヤクシマオオバコPlantago asiatica L. var. yakusimensis (Masam.) Ohwiについては宮島のフロラから除外された。

本研究で用いたプライマーの一部は、科研費MEXT/JSPS（23770089）の助成を受けたものである。