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Deep learning has proven promising in biological and chemical applications, aiding in accurate predictions of properties such as atomic forces, energies, and material band gaps. Traditional methods with rotational invariance, one of the most crucial physical laws for predictions made by machine learning, have relied on Fourier transforms or specialized convolution filters, leading to complex model design and reduced accuracy and efficiency. However, models without rotational invariance exhibit poor generalization ability across datasets. Addressing this contradiction, this work proposes a rotationally invariant graph neural network, named RotNet, for accurate and accelerated quantum mechanical calculations that can overcome the generalization deficiency caused by rotations of molecules. RotNet ensures rotational invariance through an effective transformation and learns distance and angular information from atomic coordinates. Benchmark experiments on three datasets (protein fragments, electronic materials, and QM9) demonstrate that the proposed RotNet framework outperforms popular baselines and generalizes well to spatial data with varying rotations. The high accuracy, efficiency, and fast convergence of RotNet suggest that it has tremendous potential to significantly facilitate studies of protein dynamics simulation and materials engineering while maintaining physical plausibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates when and how trait gratitude stimulates tourist citizenship behavior (TCB). Building on trait activation theory, the present study proposes a mediated moderation model in which tourists' trait gratitude and positive resident–tourist contact jointly influence TCB. In driving TCB, the interactive effect of trait gratitude and positive contact is mediated by perceived insider status. Data were collected from 497 Mount Wuyi tourists and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results reveal that trait gratitude positively influences TCB, and this relationship is moderated by positive contact. Furthermore, positive contact moderates the association between trait gratitude and perceived insider status. Additionally, perceived insider status, which is positively related to TCB, significantly mediates the moderating effects of positive contact on the link between tourists' trait gratitude and TCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevant studies have shown that gut microbiome plays an important role in the occurrence, development and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Many studies have also shown that, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) antidepressants can improve the symptoms of depression by changing the distribution of gut microbiome, Here we investigated whether a distinct gut microbiome was associated with Major depressive disorder (MDD), and how it was modulated by SSRIs antidepressants. In this study, we analyzed the gut microbiome composition of 62 patients with first-episode MDD and 41 matched healthy controls, before SSRIs antidepressants treatment, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MDD patients characterized as treatment-resistant (TR) or responders (R) to antidepressants by score reduction rate were ≥50 % after SSRIs antidepressants treatment for eight weeks. LDA effect size (LEfSe) analysis found that there were 50 different bacterial groups among the three groups, of which 19 genera were mainly at the genus level. The relative abundance of 12 genera increased in the HCs group, 5 genera in the R group increased in relative abundance, and 2 genera in the TR group increased in relative abundance. The correlation analysis of 19 bacterial genera and the score reduction rate showed that Blautia, Bifidobacterium and Coprococcus with higher relative abundance in the treatment effective group were related to the efficacy of SSRIs antidepressants. Patients with MDD have a distinct gut microbiome that changes after SSRIs antidepressants treatment. Dysbiosis could be a new therapeutic target and prognostic tool for the treatment of patients with MDD. • The difference of gut microbiota composition among individuals may affect the efficacy of SSRIs antidepressants. • Compared with R group, TR group and HCs group had more similar intestinal flora distribution. • Gut microbiota have the potential to predict the efficacy of SSRIs antidepressants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examines how and when sincere social interaction affects tourist immersion at the destination. We develop a moderated mediation model in which emotional solidarity mediates the relationship between sincere social interaction and tourist immersion, while extraversion moderates the link between sincere social interaction and emotional solidarity. Data were collected from 391 tourists via an online survey and were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings indicate that sincere social interaction directly influences tourist immersion, and this relationship is mediated by emotional solidarity. Furthermore, extraversion significantly moderates the effects of sincere social interaction on emotional solidarity, and this effect is stronger for tourists with high extraversion scores. Additionally, extraversion strengthens the indirect link between sincere social interaction and tourist immersion, and again, the link is stronger for highly extraverted tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored how and when positive contact between residents and tourists stimulates tourists' environmentally responsible behavior. Drawing on social exchange theory, we verified a moderated mediation model in which gratitude mediated the link between positive contact and tourists' environmentally responsible behavior, while agreeableness moderated the relationship between positive contact and gratitude. Data were collected from 691 visitors to Mount Wuyi. The findings revealed that positive contact directly affected tourists' environmentally responsible behavior and that this link was mediated by gratitude. Furthermore, agreeableness significantly moderated the effects of positive contact on gratitude. In particular, the effect of positive contact on gratitude was stronger for tourists with high agreeableness. Additionally, agreeableness also strengthened the indirect relationship between positive contact and tourists' environmentally responsible behavior through gratitude—which was, again, stronger for highly agreeable tourists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and effective prediction of mutation-induced protein energy change remains a great challenge and of great interest in computational biology. However, high resource consumption and insufficient structural information of proteins severely limit the experimental techniques and structure-based prediction methods. Here, we design a structure-independent protocol to accurately and effectively predict the mutation-induced protein folding free energy change with only sequence, physicochemical and evolutionary features. The proposed clustered tree regression protocol is capable of effectively exploiting the inherent data patterns by integrating unsupervised feature clustering by K-means and supervised tree regression using XGBoost, and thus enabling fast and accurate protein predictions with different mutations, with an average Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.83 and an average root-mean-square error of 0.94kcal/mol. The proposed sequence-based method not only eliminates the dependence on protein structures, but also has potential applications in protein predictions with rare structural information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: It has been established that major depressive disorder (MDD) is accompanied by various somatic symptoms that are related to the clinical course and severity of depression. However, the mechanisms of somatic symptoms in MDD have rarely been studied. In this study, we sought to investigate the functional neurological changes in MDD patients with somatic symptoms based off the regional homogeneity (ReHo) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF).Method: Study participants included 74 first-episode, drug naïve MDD patients as well as 70 healthy subjects (HCs). Patients diagnosed with MDD were separated into two groups based on the presence (n=50) or absence (n=24) of somatic symptoms. Functional images were obtained and analyzed. Alterations in ReHo/ALFF and the severity of clinical symptoms were investigated using correlation analysis.Results: More severe depressive symptoms were observed in the somatic depression group than that of the pure depression group (P< 0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant reduction in ReHo and ALFF in the bilateral precentral gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, and left paracentral gyrus in the somatic MDD group as compared to the pure depression group (GRF correction, voxel-P< 0.001, cluster-P < 0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between ReHo and ALFF values in these abnomal regions with the severity of somatic and depressive symptoms (P< 0.01).Conclusion: Somatic depression is more severe than pure depression. The ReHo and ALFF changes in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and paracentral gyrus may serve a significant role in the pathophysiology of somatic symptoms in MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated how tour guide humor could influence tourists' behavioral intentions in tour groups. Drawing on affective events theory, we explored the mediating role of positive emotion and the moderating role of the personality trait of openness on the influence of tour guide humor on behavioral intentions. Data were collected from 888 tourists nested within 52 tour groups. Findings clearly indicated that tour guide humor influenced tourists' behavioral intentions directly, and indirectly through positive emotion. Furthermore, tourists' openness significantly moderated the effects of tour guide humor on tourists' positive emotion. Specifically, tourists with low openness were more likely to experience positive emotion as a result of tour guide humor. Additionally, tourists' openness weakened the indirect relationship between tour guide humor and tourists' behavioral intentions through positive emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dose chronic lead (Pb) exposure interferes with the development of the nervous system, which may lead to learning disabilities, behavioral abnormalities, and mental retardation. Neurexins (Nrxns) are synaptic cell-adhesion molecules associated with neurological disorders. We hypothesized that Pb can affect the expression of nrxns during synapse formation and alter the phenotype behavior. Here, apoptosis, nrxns mRNA expression, and alterations of locomotion were examined after exposure to Pb in zebrafish embryos/larvae. To confirm the function of nrxn2a , rescue experiments were performed using β - nrxn2a mRNA microinjection. Pb exposure increased apoptosis and altered locomotor behavior in zebrafish larvae. Quantitative PCR showed that among several synaptic adhesion molecules, only nrxn2a were affected by Pb exposure. Moreover, exposure to Pb at 10 μmol/L upregulated mRNA expression of nrxn1a and nrxn3a at 24 h post fertilization (hpf) and downregulated expression at 48 hpf, whereas the expression remained unchanged at 72 hpf. Only the two isoforms of nrxn2a were downregulated by Pb at 10 μmol/L at all three time points. Rescue experiments showed that β-nrxn2a mRNA injection recovered the decreased locomotor activity and the increased apoptosis induced by Pb. In addition, overexpression of β - nrxn2a mRNA upregulated α - nrxn2a . These data indicated that Pb inhibited the expression of nrxn2a genes, which play a critical role in neural development, and further altered the behavior of zebrafish embryos/larvae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synaptic adhesion protein Neurexin 2a (Nrxn2a) plays a key role in neuronal development and is associated with cognitive functioning and locomotor behavior. Although low-level metal exposure poses a potential risk to the human nervous system, especially during the developmental stages, little is known about the effects of metal exposures on nrxn2a expression during embryonic development. We therefore exposed wild-type zebrafish embryos/larvae to cadmium (CdCl2), manganese (MnCl2), and lead ([CH3COO]2Pb), to determine their effect on mortality, malformation, and hatching rate. Concentrations of these metals in zebrafish were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae was analyzed using a video-track tracking system. Expression of nrxn2a was assessed by in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that mortality, malformation, and bioaccumulation increased as the exposure dosages and duration increased. Developmental exposure to these metals significantly reduced larval swim distance and velocity. The nrxn2aa and nrxn2ab genes were expressed in the central nervous system and downregulated by almost all of the 3 metals, especially Pb. These data demonstrate that exposure to metals downregulates nrxn2a in the zebrafish model system, and this is likely linked to concurrent developmental processes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2147-2154. © 2017 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new-type flame retardant and toxic substance, triphenyl phosphate (TPP) is a ubiquitous pollutant present even in human blood. TPP is transformed by human CYP enzymes to oxidized/dealkylated metabolites. The impact of TPP metabolism on its toxicity, however, remains unclear. In this study, the genotoxicity of TPP in several mammalian cell lines and its relevance to CYP/sulfortransferase (SULT) activities were investigated. The results indicated that TPP induced micronucleus formation at ≥1 μM concentrations in a human hepatoma (C3A, endogenous CYPs being substantial) cell line, which was abolished by 1-aminobenzotriazole (CYPs inhibitor). In cell line HepG2 (parental to C3A with lower CYP expression) TPP was inactive up to 10 μM, while pretreatment with ethanol (CYP2E1 inducer), PCB 126 (CYP1A inducer), or rifampicin (CYP3A inducer) led to micronucleus formation by TPP. In V79-Mz and V79-derived cells expressing human CYP1A1 TPP was inactive (up to 32 μM), and in cells expressing human CYP1B1, 2B6 and 3A4 it induced micronucleus weakly (positive only at 32 μM). However, TPP induced micronucleus potently in V79-derived cells expressing human CYP1A2, while this effect was drastically reduced by human SULT1A1 co-expression; likewise, TPP was inactive in cells expressing both human CYP2E1 and SULT1A1, but became positive with pentachlorophenol (inhibitor of SULT1) co-exposure. Moreover, in C3A cells TPP selectively induced centromere-free micronucleus (immunofluorescent assay), and TPP increased γ-H2AX (by Western blot, indicating double-strand DNA breaks). In conclusion, this study suggests that TPP is potently clastogenic, human CYP1A2 and 2E1 being major activating enzymes while SULT1A1 involved in detoxification. • Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) induced genotoxic effect in mammalian cells. • The genotoxicity of TPP depended on metabolic activation by human CYP enzymes. • Human CYP1A2 and 2E1 were the major metabolic enzymes involved in activating TPP. • The mode of TPP-induced chromosome damage appeared to be purely clastogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometric complexities play an important role in the nucleation, propagation, and termination of strike-slip earthquake ruptures. The 2021 Mw7.4 Maduo earthquake rupture initiated at a large releasing stepover with a complex fault intersection. In the epicentral region, we conducted detailed mapping and classification of the surface ruptures and slip measurements associated with the earthquake, combining high-resolution uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) images and optical image correlation with field investigations. Our findings indicate that the coseismic ruptures present discontinuous patterns mixed with numerous lateral spreadings due to strong ground shaking. The discontinuous surface ruptures are uncharacteristic in slip to account for the large and clear displacements of offset landforms in the epicentral region. Within the releasing stepovers, the deformation zone revealed from the optical image correlation map indicates that a fault may cut diagonally across the pull-apart basin at depth. The left-lateral horizontal coseismic displacements from field measurements are typically ≤0.6 m, significantly lower than the 1–2.7 m measured from the optical image correlation map. Such a discrepancy indicates a significant proportion of off-fault deformation or the possibility that the rupture stopped at a shallow depth during its initiation phase instead of extending to the surface. The fault network and multi-fault junctions west and south of the epicenter suggest a possible complex path, which retarded the westward propagation at the initial phase of rupture growth. A hampered initiation might enhance the seismic ground motion and the complex ground deformation features at the surface, including widespread shaking-related fissures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic heavy metals and has aroused widespread concern as it can cause severe impairments in the developing nervous system. Autophagy has been proposed as an injury factor in Pb-induced neurotoxicity. In this study, we used zebrafish embryo as a model, measured the general toxic effects of Pb, and investigated the effect of Pb exposure on autophagy, and its role in Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to Pb at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1 or 10 μM until 4 days post-fertilization. Our data showed that exposure to 10 μM Pb significantly reduced survival rates and impaired locomotor activity. Uptake of Pb was enhanced as the concentration and duration of exposure increased. Inhibition of lysosomal degradation with bafilomycin A1 treatment abolished the suppression of Lc3-II protein expression by Pb. Furthermore, autophagosome formation was inhibited by Pb in the brain. In addition, mRNA expression of beclin1 , one of the critical genes in autophagy, were decreased in Pb exposure groups at 72 h post-fertilization. Whole-mount in situ hybridization assay showed that beclin1 gene expression in the brain was reduced by Pb. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, partly resolved developmental neurotoxicity induced by Pb exposure. Our results suggest that autophagy plays a protective role in the developmental neurotoxicity of Pb in zebrafish embryos and larvae. • Pb inhibited Lc3-II protein expression and autophagosome formation. • The gene expression of beclin1 were decreased by Pb. • Rapamycin partly resolved developmental neurotoxicity induced by Pb exposure. • Autophagy plays a protective role in Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2021 Mw 7.4 Maduo (Madoi) earthquake that struck the northern Tibetan Plateau resulted in widespread coseismic deformation features, such as surface ruptures and soil liquefaction. By utilizing the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry technology, we accurately recognize and map 39,286 liquefaction sites within a 1.5 km wide zone along the coseismic surface rupture. We then systematically analyze the coseismic liquefaction distribution characteristics and the possible influencing factors. The coseismic liquefaction density remains on a higher level within 250 m from the surface rupture and decreases in a power law with the increasing distance. The amplification of the seismic waves in the vicinity of the rupture zone enhances the liquefaction effects near it. More than 90% of coseismic liquefaction occurs in the peak ground acceleration (PGA) > 0.50 g, and the liquefaction density is significantly higher in the region with seismic intensity > VIII. Combined with the sedimentary distribution along-strike of the surface rupture, the mapped liquefaction sites indicate that the differences in the sedimentary environments could cause more intense liquefaction on the western side of the epicenter, where loose Quaternary deposits are widely spread. The stronger coseismic liquefaction sites correspond to the Eling Lake section, the Yellow River floodplain, and the Heihe River floodplain, where the soil is mostly saturated with loose fine-grained sand and the groundwater level is high. Our results show that the massive liquefaction caused by the strong ground shaking during the Maduo (Madoi) earthquake was distributed as the specific local sedimentary environment and the groundwater level changed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conduct a detailed study of the foreshock sequence preceding the 2010 Mw 6.7 Yushu, Qinghai earthquake in the Tibetan plateau by examining continuous waveforms recorded at a seismic station near the mainshock rupture zone. By using a deep learning phase picker—EQTransformer and a matched‐filter technique, we identify 120 foreshocks with magnitude ranging from −0.7 to 1.6, starting with a Mw 4.6 foreshock approximately 2 hr before the Mw 6.7 Yushu mainshock. Our analyses show that the foreshock sequence follows a typical Omori's law decay with a p‐value of 0.73 and the Gutenberg‐Richer frequency‐magnitude b‐value of 0.66. We do not find any evidence of accelerating events leading up to the Yushu mainshock. Hence, they could be considered as aftershocks of the Mw 4.6 earthquake. We further invert for the focal mechanisms and rupture directions for both the largest foreshock and the mainshock. The Mw 4.6 foreshock likely occurred on a NE‐SW trending fault conjugating to the NW‐SE trending fault of the mainshock. Coulomb stress analysis suggests the Mw 4.6 foreshock induces negative stress on the mainshock source area. These observations do not support either the pre‐slip or the cascade triggering model for foreshock generation. The occurrence of the foreshock, mainshock and large aftershocks appear to be modulated by the Earth's tidal forces, likely reflecting the role of high pore‐fluid pressures. Our observations, together with other recent studies, suggest that extensional step‐overs and conjugate faults along major strike‐slip faults play an important role in generating short‐term foreshock sequences. Plain Language Summary: We use both deep learning and matched‐filter methods to detect foreshocks that occur 2 hr before the magnitude 6.7 Yushu, Qinghai earthquake in Western China on 13 April 2010. The foreshock sequence begins with a magnitude 4.6 foreshock and the activity gradually decays with time. We do not observe an increase of magnitude or number of the events right before the mainshock. Therefore we interpret this as a typical aftershock sequence of the magnitude 4.6 earthquake. We also resolve the fault geometry and rupture direction. The results suggest the magnitude 4.6 earthquake ruptures along a fault that is nearly perpendicular to the fault broken during the magnitude 6.7 mainshock. Due to the fault geometry and relative location, the magnitude 4.6 foreshock might have inhibited the occurrence of the mainshock by reducing the stress on the fault. These observations do not support either the pre‐slip or cascade triggering models for foreshock generation. We calculate the theoretical tidal stress and strain in the study area and observe a correlation of earthquake activity and the tidal stress change. This correlation might provide evidence for fluid driven process. In conclusion our research shows complex geometry along major strike‐slip faults can influence foreshock behaviors. Key Points: We identified missing foreshocks of the 2010 Mw 6.7 Yushu, Qinghai earthquake by using deep learning and matched‐filter techniquesThe foreshock sequence can be considered as aftershocks of Mw 4.6 foreshock given no evidence of an acceleration leading to the mainshockThe Mw 4.6 foreshock likely occurred on an extensional step‐over which induced negative stress change at the Yushu mainshock hypocenter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We obtained the rupture process and slip distribution of the 2022 Mw6.6 Menyuan earthquake by jointly inverting accelerogram data and InSAR measurements. The near-field InSAR measurements provide good constraints on the shallow slip distributions (<6 km). The accelerogram data enable us to better resolve the deeper coseismic slip (>6 km). The combination of two types of data provided improved constrains on slip distribution of the 2022 Menyuan earthquake. The results from joint inversion of InSAR and accelerogram data reveal a 26-km-long rupture length, which roughly agrees with the mapped length from the optically identified surface rupture trace and the InSAR deformation field. We imaged a major asperity with a dimension of 14 × 6 km at 4 km depth updip of the hypocenter. The maximum slip is estimated to be 3.8 m at 4 km depth. The duration of the 2022 Menyuan earthquake is ~14 s, and 90% of the seismic moment is released in the first 10 s. The total seismic moment is estimated to be 1.31 × 1 × 1019 N·m, equivalent to a moment magnitude of Mw6.7. Our results highlight that the moderate but shallow rupture during the 2022 Menyuan earthquake could intensify the seismic damage on the surface, confirmed by field investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol compounds (BPs) are ubiquitously existing pollutants. Recent evidence shows that they may be activated by human CYP1A1 for clastogenic effects; however, factors that influence/mediate CYP1A1-activated 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphenol (BPAF) toxicity, particularly the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), sulfotransferase (SULT) 1A1 [known to conjugate 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenol)-propane (BPA)] and reactive oxygen species (ROS), remain unclear. In this study, a human hepatoma (HepG2) cell line was genetically engineered for the expression of human CYP1A1 and SULT1A1, producing HepG2-hCYP1A1 and HepG2-hSULT1A1, respectively. They were used in the micronucleus test and γ-H2AX analysis (Western blot) (indicating double-strand DNA breaks) with BPAF; the role of AhR in mediating BPAF toxicity was investigated by coexposure of AhR modulators in HepG2 and its derivative C3A (with no genetic modifications but enhanced CYP expression). The results indicated induction of micronuclei by BPAF (≥ 2.5 µM, for 2-cell cycle) in HepG2-hCYP1A1 and C3A, while inactive in HepG2 and HepG2-hSULT1A1; however, BPAF induced micronuclei in HepG2 pretreated with 3,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126, AhR activator), and BAY-218 (AhR inhibitor) blocked the effect of BPAF in C3A. In HepG2-hCYP1A1 BPAF selectively induced centromere-free micronuclei (immunofluorescent assay) and double-strand DNA breaks. In HepG2 cells receiving conditional medium from BPAF-HepG2-hCYP1A1 incubation micronuclei were formed, while negative in HepG2-hSULT1A1. Finally, the intracellular levels of ROS, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in C3A and HepG2-hCYP1A1 exposed to BPAF were all moderately increased, while unchanged in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, like other BPs BPAF is activated by human CYP1A1 for potent clastogenicity, and this effect is enhanced by AhR while alleviated by SULT1A1. [Display omitted] • Bisphenol AF (BPAF) induces chromosome/DNA breaks in human cells. • BPAF is activated by human CYP1A1 while detoxified by SULT1A1. • Activation of aromatic hydrocarbon receptor enhances genotoxicity of BPAF. • Reactive oxygen species seems insignificant in CYP1A1-activated BPAF genotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead is a highly toxic metal that displays developmental neurotoxicity. Ambra1 plays a crucial role in embryonic neural development. At present, the role of Ambra1 in lead-induced developmental neurotoxicity remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of Ambra1 concerning its role in lead-induced neurotoxicity. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to 0.1, 1, or 10 μM Pb until 5 days post-fertilization, and their locomotor activity was significantly impaired by the 10 μM treatment. Meanwhile, Pb reduced the expression of ambra1a and ambra1b in the brain at 48 and 72 h post-fertilization. Overexpression of ambra1a or ambra1b reversed Pb-induced alterations in locomotor activity, and decreased the apoptotic cell numbers in the brains of Pb-treated zebrafish. Our data reveal a novel protective role of Ambra1 against Pb-induced neural damage in the developing zebrafish. • Pb reduced the expression of ambra1 in the brain. • Overexpression of ambra1a reversed Pb-induced neurotoxicity. • Ambra1 plays a protective role in Pb-induced developmental neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2021 Qinghai Maduo MS7.4 earthquake was one of the strongest earthquakes that occurred in the Bayan Har block of the Tibetan Plateau during the past 30 years, which spatially filled in the gap of strong earthquake in the eastern section of the northern block boundary. In this study, the aftershock sequence within 8 days after the mainshock was relocated by double difference algorithm. The results show that the total length of the aftershock zone is approximately 170 km; the mainshock epicenter is located in the center of the aftershock zone, indicating a bilateral rupture. The aftershocks are mainly distributed along NWW direction with an overall strike of 285°. The focal depth profiles indicate that the seismogenic fault is nearly vertical and dips to southwest or northeast in different sections, indicating a complex geometry. There is an aftershock gap located to the southeast of the mainshock epicenter with a scale of approximately 20 km. At the eastern end of the aftershock zone, horsetail-like branch faults show the terminal effect of a large strike-slip fault. There is a NW-trending aftershock zone on the north side of the western section, which may be a branch fault triggered by the mainshock. The location of the aftershock sequence is close to the eastern section of the Kunlun Mountain Pass-Jiangcuo (KMPJ) fault. The sequence overlaps well with surface trace of the KMPJ fault. We speculate that the KMPJ fault is the main seismogenic fault of the MS7.4 Maduo earthquake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]