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A transient model of a squirrel-cage induction machine, including air-gap flux saturation harmonics, is presented in this paper. The machine model is based on a flux model, where the winding magnetizing fluxes are directly calculated from the resultant air-gap magnetomotive force, avoiding the use of complicated inductance harmonics. The effects of the fundamental and third harmonic components of the air-gap flux are incorporated in the model by two saturation factors. Moreover, the saturation effects arc incorporated in the machine's torque equation, allowing the model to investigate the machine's performance under an, load condition. The machine parameters, including saturation data, are obtained via the conventional no-load and locked-rotor tests, with access to the stator neutral connection. The proposed model is validated h x experimental results for a squirrel-cage machine and can be used to predict machine transient states. Index Terms--Harmonic, induction machine, iron saturation, modeling.

The coagulation dynamics of acrylic polymer (PAN) with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl as solvent for PAN and [H.sub.2]O as nonsolvent was investigated in detail. On the basis of Fick's second law of diffusion, a mass-transfer model of [BMIM]Cl from concentrated PAN/[BMIM]Cl solution was established as verified with the experimental data. The established model has a good fit with the experimental data and the diffusion coefficient D of [BMIM]Cl was calculated according to the model. The diffusion coefficient D decreased a little when the concentration of solution increased. As increasing the coagulation bath concentration, the diffusion coefficient D initially increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum of 5 wt% in the coagulation bath. The diffusion coefficient D decreased with the coagulation bath temperature. From the diffusion coefficient and the structure of the coagulated filament, it can be concluded that the diffusion rate of [BMIM]Cl from PAN concentrate solutions is relatively slow, which is prospective to prepare uniform-structure fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:184-190, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers, INTRODUCTION Acrylic fiber is a very versatile fiber, which has emerged not only as a major substitute for wool but also as the important precursor for carbon fiber. So far, [...]

In large synchronous generators, the stator windings are usually parallel-connected in order to increase the machine current capacity. In analysis and modeling, the parallel windings are usually lumped into one equivalent stator winding since equal currents flow in these windings. However, when an internal fault occurs in the windings, the symmetry between the parallel windings is broken and different currents will flow in the parallel windings since unsymmetrical magnetic linkage may exist between the stator windings. The aim of this paper is to present a simulation model to investigate the internal fault currents of large synchronous generators with parallel-connected windings. This model is based on a modified winding function theory that takes into account all space harmonics. Moreover, the calculation of the machine inductances is made easier by the use of the machine electrical parameters instead of the geometrical ones. The simulation results illustrate the existence of different currents in parallel windings in the case of internal faults. Results are given for an implementation of the internal fault model in a real-time simulator of large power networks. Index Terms--Internal faults, parallel-connected windings, real-time simulation, space harmonics, synchronous generators, winding function theory.

A synchronous machine internal faults model based on the actual winding arrangement is described in this paper. Based on the winding function approach, the machine inductances are calculated directly from the machine winding distribution, thereby the space harmonics produced by the machine windings are readily taken into account. Moreover, the calculation of the machine inductances is made easier by the use of the machine electrical parameters instead of the geometrical ones. Simulation results for internal faults on a laboratory generator are compared with experimental results to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. Index Terms--Internal faults, space harmonics, synchronous machines, winding function.

The rheological behavior of poly(m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) in 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl, ionic liquid) has been investigated. The polymer in the concentration range investigated exhibits very different behavior between [Bmim]Cl and DMAc/LiCl solvent. Unlike in DMAc/LiCl solvent, PMIA/[Bmim]Cl solution exhibits maxima in apparent viscosity-concentration plots in the range studied. The complex viscosity-frequency behavior of the PMIA/[Bmim]Cl solutions is similar to that steady-state rheological behavior. The different rheological behavior shows the interaction between macromolecule and IL which leading the supermolecular aggregates in PMIA/[Bmim]Cl solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CD38 and CD47 are expressed in many hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Here, we evaluated the antitumor activities of CD38/CD47 bispecific antibodies (BsAbs)., Methods: Five suitable anti-CD38 antibodies for co-targeting CD47 and CD38 BsAb were developed using a 2 + 2 "mAb-trap" platform. The activity characteristics of the CD38/CD47 BsAbs were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo systems., Results: Using hybridoma screening technology, we obtained nine suitable anti-CD38 antibodies. All anti-CD38 antibodies bind to CD38 + tumor cells and kill tumor cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). Five anti-CD38 antibodies (4A8, 12C10, 26B4, 35G5, and 65A7) were selected for designing CD38/CD47 BsAbs (IMM5605) using a "mAb-trap" platform. BsAbs had higher affinity and binding activity to the CD38 target than those to the CD47 target, decreasing the potential on-target potential and off-tumor effects. The CD38/CD47 BsAbs did not bind to RBCs and did not induce RBC agglutination; thus, BsAbs had much lower blood toxicity. The CD38/CD47 BsAbs had a greater ability to block the CD47/SIRPα signal in CD38 + /CD47 + tumor cells than IMM01 (SIRPα Fc fusion protein). Through Fc domain engineering, CD38/CD47 BsAbs were shown to kill tumors more effectively by inducing ADCC and ADCP. IMM5605-26B4 had the strongest inhibitory effect on cellular CD38 enzymatic activity. IMM5605-12C10 had the strongest ability to directly induce the apoptosis of tumor cells. The anti-CD38 antibody 26B4 combined with the SIRPα-Fc fusion proteins showed strong antitumor effects, which were better than any of the mono-therapeutic agents used alone in the NCI-H929 cell xenograft model. The CD38/CD47 BsAbs exhibited strong antitumor effects; specifically, IMM5605-12C10 efficiently eradicated all established tumors in all mice., Conclusion: A panel of BsAbs targeting CD38 and CD47 developed based on the "mAb-tarp" platform showed potent tumor-killing ability in vitro and in vivo . As BsAbs had lower affinity for binding to CD47, higher affinity for binding to CD38, no affinity for binding to RBCs, and did not induce RBC agglutination, we concluded that CD38/CD47 BsAbs are safe and have a satisfactory tolerability profile., Competing Interests: WT and SL hold ownership interest including patents in ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals Shanghai Inc. Authors SoL, DC, YY, HG, DL, NS, XB, KW, TL, GL, CY, WZ, LZ, GZ, LP, SiL, XT, RZ, and WT were employed by the company ImmuneOnco Biopharmaceuticals Shanghai Inc. The authors declare that this study was funded in its entirety by Immuneonco Biopharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Inc. The funder had the following involvement in the study: study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, and the decision to submit it for publication., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Chen, Yang, Guo, Liu, Sun, Bai, Wang, Li, Li, Yang, Zhang, Zhang, Zhao, Peng, Liu, Tu, Zhang and Tian.)

Bacteriolytic enzyme R1 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity with the recovery of 6.89% activity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-Sephadex C - 50, CM-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sephadex G-75 chromatography from the culture supernatant of Streptomyces griseus RX-17. The molecular weight and PI of R1 were 16.8 kD and 9.10. The optimal temperature and pH for R1 against Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt were 70 degrees C and 6.6, respectively. Below 50 degrees C and at range pH 6 - 10, R1 was stable. While treated at 60 degrees C for 1 hour, the residual activity was only about 20.3%. Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ could completely inactivate the enzyme. Chelating agents, hydroxylamine hydrochloriae, Monoiodoacetic acid inhibited the lytic activity against Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt, whereas Mg2+, 2-Mercaptoethanol and some surfactants could stimulate the activity. The enzyme had a broad bacteriolytic spectrum against many G+, G- bacteria which were resistant to egg-white lysozyme. Especially high activity was shown on Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Lactobaillus.