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For the first time, activated carbon from a durian shell (ACDS) activated by H2SO4 was successfully synthesized in the present study. The fabricated ACDS has a porous surface with a specific surface area of 348.0017 m2·g−1, average capillary volume of 0.153518 cm3·g−1, the average pore diameter of 4.3800 nm; ash level of 55.63%; humidity of 4.74%; density of 0.83 g·cm−3; an iodine index of 634 mg·g−1; and an isoelectric point of 6.03. Several factors affecting Methylene Blue (MB) adsorption capacity of ACDS activated carbon was investigated by the static adsorption method, revealing that the adsorption equilibrium was achieved after 90 min. The best adsorbent pH for MB is 7 and the mass/volume ratio is equal to 2.5 g·L−1. The MB adsorption process of ACDS activated carbon follows the Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Elovich isotherm adsorption model, which has determined the maximum adsorption capacity for MB of ACDS as qmax = 57.47 mg·g−1. The MB adsorption process of ACDS follows the of pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic equation. The Weber and Morris Internal Diffusion Model, the Hameed and Daud External Diffusion Model of liquids have been studied to see if the surface phase plays any role in the adsorption process. The results of thermodynamic calculation of the adsorption process show that the adsorption process is dominated by chemical adsorption and endothermic. The obtained results provide an insight for potential applications of ACDS in the treatment of water contaminated by dyes.

ZnAlCO3 hydrotalcite materials modified by Cu2+ ions were synthesized by the co-precipitation method according to the molar ratios of (Cu2+ + Zn2+):Al3+ as 7:3. Thus, the modified materials contain various molar ratios of Cu2+ from 0–3.5 in the samples. The synthesized materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), FT–IR, EDS, SEM, the N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm (BET), and UV–Vis DRS spectrum. The synthesized materials were characterized by a layered double hydroxide structure—such as hydrotalcite. The specific surface area BET increases slightly, corresponding to the increasing Cu2+ molar ratios, and the bandgap energy Eg decreases accordingly. Especially, these material samples have a high phenol red (PR) adsorption capacity at a concentration of 100 ppm and PR was degraded under a 30 W LED light with over 90% of conversion efficiency in the presence of 1.2 mL of 30% H2O2 solution. In addition, the CuH–3.5 material sample maintained stability after four times catalytic reuse. Therefore, this material can be used as an effective treatment for the wastewater of the sedge mat weaving village.

In this paper, Zr(IV) nitrate solution decomposed from Viet Nam zircon concentrate was the source of zirconium extraction by liquid-liquid extraction (L.L.E). The FT-IR and UV-Vis spectra confirmed the extraction of Zr(IV) by D2EHPA/p-xylenes. There were four stages for the purification of impurities from the Zr matrix. First, the extraction of elements in 3.0 M HNO3 by 50% D2EHPA/p-xylenes was conducted. Second, two scrubbing cycles of impurities using 6.0 M HNO3, 76.5% of the total amount of Zr(IV) were retained in the organic phase, and 23.5% remained in the aqueous phase. Third, the stripping of a macro amount of zirconium from loaded D2EHPA has been effectively carried out using 1.5 M H2SO4 with a stripping efficiency of 99.6%. Fourth, concentrated ammonia was added to the solution Zr(IV) after stripping extraction to form precipitate for calcination at 550 °C for the final products. The refined products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), EDS, XRF, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The ZrO2 has high purity, is nanospherical, and has a uniform sphere-like morphology with small grain size of less than 30 nm and a bandgap value of about 3.30 eV.

In recent years, photocatalysis has been used as an environmentally friendly method for the degradation of organic pigments in water. In this study, Ce

International audience; Healthcare is a major industry, but we know little about the involvement of design researchers in this field. We report the results of a focused mapping review and synthesis (FMRS) of healthcare design research. We systematically reviewed six leading design journals to map the contributions to date of the design research community in healthcare. A search of the Web of Science yielded 75 articles, of which 44 were ultimately selected for analysis. We extracted data on article characteristics, design research topics and healthcare-related themes to map the current state of design research applied to healthcare. We discuss the main patterns that emerge from this review, including a focus on products and hospital settings, a disregard for prevention, a strong commitment to stakeholder engagement, or a focus on the early stages of design. We lay out perspectives for future research and discuss the biases potentially incurred by the FMRS methodology.

The ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal ability of a Fe-Cu electrolytic material was examined with respect to pH (2–9), time (15–150 min), shaking speed (100–250 rpm), material mass (0.2–3 g/L), temperature (298, 308, 323) and initial CIP concentration (30–200 mg/L). The Fe-Cu electrolytic materials were fabricated by the chemical plating method, and Fe-C materials were mechanically mixed from iron powder and graphite. The results show that at a pH value of 3, shaking time 120 min, shaking speed 250 rpm, a mass of Fe-Cu, Fe-C material of 2 g/L and initial CIP concentration of 203.79 mg/L, the CIP removal efficiency of Fe-Cu material reached 90.25% and that of Fe-C material was 85.12%. The removal of CIP on Fe-Cu and Fe-C materials follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. The activation energy of CIP removal of Fe-Cu material is 14.93 KJ/mol and of Fe-C material is 16.87 KJ/mol. The positive ΔH proves that CIP removal is endothermic. A negative entropy of 0.239 kJ/mol and 0.235 kJ/mol (which is near zero and is also relatively positive) indicated the rapid removal of the CIP molecules into the removed products.

Teledermatology (TD) was previously described as an efficient substitute to in-person visits for COVID-19 associated lesions.1 During the first COVID-19 wave, chilblain-like lesions (CLL) were the most reported dermatological manifestation.2-4 Although COVID-19 polymerase reactive chain (PCR) or serology were negative for most cases, this unexpected outbreak of chilblains remained remarkable.5.

International audience; No abstract available

Background Teledermatology was raised as a potential answer to increase access and decrease delay for skin cancer management. However, its influence on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) care pathway has never been studied. Objectives To compare conventional care pathway to teledermatology (TD) in NMSC care pathways using a process modelling approach. Patients and methods A period study including three groups was conducted in a department of dermatology. During the first period from January till February 2013 a NMSC care pathway was mapped for a group a prior TD integration. During the second period from September 2016 till October 2018, the NMSC care pathway was determined for patients managed by a conventional care process and after TD diagnosis. Patients characteristics, type of tumors and processes were compared using time as a key performance indicator. Mean were reported with their ± SD. Linear regression was performed using time between multidisciplinary consultation and surgery as outcome adjusted on sex, age and cancer type. Results During the first period (prior to TD) 89 NMSC patients were managed (mean age = 76 yr old ± 13) during the second period, 36 patients NMSC were managed after TD, mean age of 89 years old ± 6 and 954 patients in a conventional process, mean age of 78 years old ±12. In comparison between the two periods patient’s age, sex and cancer distribution significantly differed while the rate of surgery was not significantly different (p = 0.967). Linear multivariate regression using time between multidisciplinary consultation and surgery as outcome adjusted on sex age and cancer type displayed that during the second period patients in the TD group spent 17.6 days more [0.98,34.25] while patient in the conventional care process group had 9.8 days [1.85,17.74] more than patient in the study period 1, (p = 0.04, p = 0.02) without significant difference for age and sex (p = 0.29, p = 0.51). Patients with a SCC had a decreased time between multidisciplinary consultation and surgery of −12.97 days [−17.43, −8.5], p Conclusion Interestingly, patients managed by TD were significantly older than those managed using a conventional care pathway. Unexpectedly their total time spent in the process was not shorter. The results of this analysis illustrated the interest of using process modelling approach to assess the impact of a healthcare innovation integration and to further rethink coordination and care pathways for NSMC post TD.

Background When new technology is integrated into a care pathway, it faces resistance due to the changes it introduces into the existing context. To understand the success or failure of digital health innovations, it is necessary to pay attention to the adjustments that users must perform to make them work, by reshaping the context and sometimes by altering the ways in which they perform activities. This adaptation work, most of which remains invisible, constitutes an important factor in the success of innovations and the ways in which they transform care practices. Objective This work aims to present a sociological framework for studying new health technology uses through a qualitative analysis of the different types of tasks and activities that users, both health professionals and patients, must perform to integrate these technologies and make them work in their daily routine. Methods This paper uses a three-part method to structure a theoretical model to study users’ invisible work. The first part of the method includes a thematic literature review, previously published by one of the coauthors, of major sociological studies conducted on digital health innovations integration into existing care organizations and practices. The second part extends this review to introduce definitions and applications of the users’ invisible work concept. The third part consists of producing a theoretical framework to study the concept according to the different contexts and practices of the users. Results The paper proposes four dimensions (organizational, interactional, practical, and experiential), each composed of a set of criteria that allow a comparative analysis of different users’ work according to different health technologies. Conclusions This framework can be applied both as an analytical tool in a research protocol and as an agenda to identify less visible adoption criteria for digital health technologies.

Introduction Google trends (GT) permet de connaitre la frequence a laquelle un terme a ete cherche dans Google. Son interet a ete demontre pour predire et detecter des foyers epidemiques. Cependant, aucune etude n’a evalue son interet pour detecter de nouveaux signes cutanes en integrant l’influence de facteurs externes i.e. confinement et couverture mediatique des nouveaux signes. L’objectif de ce travail est d’evaluer l’activite et l’influence de facteurs externes sur les recherches des signes cutanes lies a SARS-Cov-2 dans plusieurs pays. Materiel et methodes Deux recherches sur GT en incluant les termes 1/« orteil(s) » et « engelure(s) », et 2/« Coronavirus » ont ete realisees pour la periode 1er janvier - 16 mai 2020 dans 6 pays (France, Etats-Unis, Grande Bretagne (GB), Espagne, Italie et Allemagne). Pour chacun des pays, les facteurs externes i.e. date de confinement et annonce grand media des signes cutanes ont ete collectes. La sequence de recherche signes cutanes versus coronavirus a ete visualisee sur une figure commune en utilisant le ratio signes cutanes/coronavirus. Une regression lineaire par segments, en integrant les dates de confinement et d’annonce mediatique de chaque pays a ete realisee pour etudier l’impact des facteurs externes sur les recherches. Resultats Les volumes relatifs de recherche ou relative search volumes (RSVs) fournis par GT et lies aux engelures sont croissants sur la periode debutant mi-mars jusqu’aux annonces mediatiques (ou elle atteint un pic dans 3 pays). Le ratio RSVs engelures/RSVs Coronavirus, montre que l’interet relatif pour les engelures croit dans l’ensemble des pays. La regression lineaire par segments met en evidence : – apres le debut du confinement, un effet de seuil negatif (p – post annonces mediatiques, un effet de seuil positif et une pente decroissante (p – aucune variation en Allemagne. Le coefficient de determination R2 ajuste entre 0,305 et 0,351 pour la France, Espagne, Italie, et Etats-Unis montre une correlation moyenne entre le RSV et le temps. Discussion L’augmentation des RSVs signes cutanes avant les medias des la mi-mars temoigne d’un signal precoce present sur Google. Dans 4 pays, cet interet culmine au moment des annonces. Le ratio engelure/coronavirus montre cependant un seuil eleve de recherches apres les annonces en comparaison avec le coronavirus seul. Conclusion Un systeme d’alerte sur Google permettrait une detection precoce de symptomes cutanes associes a une maladie emergente. La prise en compte de facteurs, influencant les requetes, est necessaire pour garantir la fiabilite de tels systemes d’alerte.

Background During COVID-19, studies have reported the appearance of internet searches for disease symptoms before their validation by the World Health Organization. This suggested that monitoring of these searches with tools including Google Trends may help monitor the pandemic itself. In Europe and North America, dermatologists reported an unexpected outbreak of cutaneous acral lesions (eg, chilblain-like lesions) in April 2020. However, external factors such as public communications may also hinder the use of Google Trends as an infodemiology tool. Objective The study aimed to assess the impact of media announcements and lockdown enforcement on internet searches related to cutaneous acral lesions during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. Methods Two searches on Google Trends, including daily relative search volumes for (1) “toe” or “chilblains” and (2) “coronavirus,” were performed from January 1 to May 16, 2020, with the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, and Germany as the countries of choice. The ratio of interest over time in “chilblains” and “coronavirus” was plotted. To assess the impact of lockdown enforcement and media coverage on these internet searches, we performed an interrupted time-series analysis for each country. Results The ratio of interest over time in “chilblains” to “coronavirus” showed a constant upward trend. In France, Italy, and the United Kingdom, lockdown enforcement was associated with a significant slope change for “chilblain” searches with a variation coefficient of 1.06 (SE 0.42) (P=0.01), 1.04 (SE 0.28) (P Conclusions To date, the association between chilblain-like lesions and COVID-19 remains controversial; however, our results indicate that Google queries of “chilblain” were highly influenced by media coverage and government policies, indicating that caution should be exercised when using Google Trends as a monitoring tool for emerging diseases.

BACKGROUND During COVID-19, studies have reported the appearance of internet searches for disease symptoms before their validation by the World Health Organization. This suggested that monitoring of these searches with tools including Google Trends may help monitor the pandemic itself. In Europe and North America, dermatologists reported an unexpected outbreak of cutaneous acral lesions (eg, chilblain-like lesions) in April 2020. However, external factors such as public communications may also hinder the use of Google Trends as an infodemiology tool. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess the impact of media announcements and lockdown enforcement on internet searches related to cutaneous acral lesions during the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. METHODS Two searches on Google Trends, including daily relative search volumes for (1) “toe” or “chilblains” and (2) “coronavirus,” were performed from January 1 to May 16, 2020, with the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Spain, and Germany as the countries of choice. The ratio of interest over time in “chilblains” and “coronavirus” was plotted. To assess the impact of lockdown enforcement and media coverage on these internet searches, we performed an interrupted time-series analysis for each country. RESULTS The ratio of interest over time in “chilblains” to “coronavirus” showed a constant upward trend. In France, Italy, and the United Kingdom, lockdown enforcement was associated with a significant slope change for “chilblain” searches with a variation coefficient of 1.06 (SE 0.42) (P=0.01), 1.04 (SE 0.28) (PP=0.01), respectively. After media announcements, these ratios significantly increased in France, Spain, Italy, and the United States with variation coefficients of 18.95 (SE 5.77) (P=.001), 31.31 (SE 6.31) (PP=.02), and 11.24 (SE 4.93) (P=.02), respectively, followed by a significant downward trend in France (–1.82 [SE 0.45]), Spain (–1.10 [SE 0.38]), and Italy (–0.93 [SE 0.33]) (PP=0.004, and P2 values were 0.311, 0.351, 0.325, and 0.305 for France, Spain, Italy, and the United States, respectively, suggesting an average correlation between time and the search volume; however, this correlation was weak for Germany and the United Kingdom. CONCLUSIONS To date, the association between chilblain-like lesions and COVID-19 remains controversial; however, our results indicate that Google queries of “chilblain” were highly influenced by media coverage and government policies, indicating that caution should be exercised when using Google Trends as a monitoring tool for emerging diseases.

BACKGROUND When new technology is integrated into a care pathway, it faces resistance due to the changes it introduces into the existing context. To understand the success or failure of digital health innovations, it is necessary to pay attention to the adjustments that users must perform to make them work, by reshaping the context and sometimes by altering the ways in which they perform activities. This adaptation work, most of which remains invisible, constitutes an important factor in the success of innovations and the ways in which they transform care practices. OBJECTIVE This work aims to present a sociological framework for studying new health technology uses through a qualitative analysis of the different types of tasks and activities that users, both health professionals and patients, must perform to integrate these technologies and make them work in their daily routine. METHODS This paper uses a three-part method to structure a theoretical model to study users’ invisible work. The first part of the method includes a thematic literature review, previously published by one of the coauthors, of major sociological studies conducted on digital health innovations integration into existing care organizations and practices. The second part extends this review to introduce definitions and applications of the users’ invisible work concept. The third part consists of producing a theoretical framework to study the concept according to the different contexts and practices of the users. RESULTS The paper proposes four dimensions (organizational, interactional, practical, and experiential), each composed of a set of criteria that allow a comparative analysis of different users’ work according to different health technologies. CONCLUSIONS This framework can be applied both as an analytical tool in a research protocol and as an agenda to identify less visible adoption criteria for digital health technologies.

Coronavirus 19 (COVID‐19) was declared as a pandemic viral infection by the World Health organization on March 11th 2020. Usual clinical manifestations of COVID‐19 infection include fever, fatigue, myalgia, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, dyspnea that may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death (1). Skin symptoms of COVID‐19 have been poorly described but may include erythematous rash, urticaria and chicken pox like lesions (2‐7). Angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a cellular receptor for COVID‐19.

In March 2020, Europe became the epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic. Several countries organized nationwide population containment, starting on March 9(th) in Italy and March 17(th) in France(1) . For the continuity of care and to avoid in person consultation and disease propagation, the French ministry of health released incentives to facilitate live interactive consultation for COVID and non-COVID patients.

In the context of COVID‐19 pandemic, teledermatology is being favored over in‐person consultation in order to avoid the possibility of virus transmission1. In France, COVID‐19 wasn't known to cause cutaneous manifestations before April 6th 2020, when an alert about possible associated skin symptoms was raised to the general public and the professional social network2–4. We aimed to assess the impact of alerting about COVID‐associated lesions on the activity of urgent teledermatology (TD) and the activity of dermatologic emergencies unit (DEU) of two university hospitals during this pandemic.

Objective Metrology and measures are changing the way patients and consumers behave and help find new, more effective solutions. Methods This Review and Prospective Paper identifies applications in the field of dermatology and beauty tech. Results The review of skincare as well as dermatological applications and analysis provides a comprehensive picture of the dynamics in the process of impacting the complete value chain in the field of dermo-cosmetics, as well as the opportunities offered by a strict approach around new and innovative measures, especially in the field of better patient/consumer knowledge, understanding, and personalized solution offering. It identifies the new business models or opportunities for the cosmetic industry. Conclusion Adapting metrology and measures to skincare is a significant opportunity to change the way things are done today.

International audience; On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, with over 720,000 cases reported in more than 203 countries as of 31 March. The response strategy included early diagnosis, patient isolation, symptomatic monitoring of contacts as well as suspected and confirmed cases, and public health quarantine. In this context, telemedicine, particularly video consultations, has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Based on a literature review, the first conceptual framework for telemedicine implementation during outbreaks was published in 2015. An updated framework for telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemic has been defined. This framework could be applied at a large scale to improve the national public health response. Most countries, however, lack a regulatory framework to authorize, integrate, and reimburse telemedicine services, including in emergency and outbreak situations. In this context, Italy does not include telemedicine in the essential levels of care granted to all citizens within the National Health Service, while France authorized, reimbursed, and actively promoted the use of telemedicine. Several challenges remain for the global use and integration of telemedicine into the public health response to COVID-19 and future outbreaks. All stakeholders are encouraged to address the challenges and collaborate to promote the safe and evidence-based use of telemedicine during the current pandemic and future outbreaks. For countries without integrated telemedicine in their national health care system, the COVID-19 pandemic is a call to adopt the necessary regulatory frameworks for supporting wide adoption of telemedicine.

This work investigated the removal of antibiotic tetracycline (TC) from wastewater using nanocomposite material based on laterite modified with polyanion, polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). The effective factors influenced on the TC removal using nanocomposite PSS-modified laterite (NCPML) were optimized and found to be pH 4, solid-liquid ratio 5 mg/mL, and contact time 180 min. The highest removal of TC reached about 88% under the optimum adsorption conditions. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of TC adsorption onto NCPML were in good agreement with the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. The characteristics of the NCPML material before and after TC adsorption were examined by zeta (ζ) potential measurements, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The TC adsorption onto NCPML was induced by electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and diffusion interaction. The TC removal from wastewater was approximately 94% while efficiency still reached 66% after five regenerations. Our research reveals that NCPML is a high-performance adsorbent for TC removal from wastewater.

Evolution of technology and the complexity of the medical system have contributed to the increasing interest in telemedicine. The purpose of this paper is to present a discrete event simulation model of the teledermatology process using the tool TelDerm witch is a store-and forward tool linking health professionals with dermatologists for e-referrals. The logic of the simulation describes the process from the detection of the dermatological problem to its resolution. The scenarios reflect different changes in the flow in order to quantify the impact of telemedicine on the healthcare system. Several key performance indicators measure medical and administrative workload variations for all human resources involved. In addition, we assess the impact on the patients journey through the process.

The last decade has contributed to the emergence of telemedicine. Legislation and regulations, new tools, efficient networks and regional deployments have all played their part in its growth. There are several regional solutions, often experimental. The implementation of telemedicine services nevertheless comes up against obstacles which concern all specialities, including cardiology.

Background The proportion of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) that could be avoided if medication use was consistent with good medical practice is unknown. Objectives To estimate the proportion of SCARs related to inappropriate medication use. Methods We carried out a retrospective study of all validated SCARs collected in a French registry between 2003 and 2016. For each case, all plausible drugs suspected of inducing SCARs (i.e. not just the drug regarded as 'the most probable') were considered with regard to (i) prescription for an inappropriate indication, (ii) unintentional rechallenge despite a previous allergy to the drug or (iii) self-medication with prescription medicines. Results In total, 602 cases were included in the analyses. Antibiotics, anticonvulsants and allopurinol were the drugs most frequently involved, accounting for more than 50% of all cases. All suspected medications were considered to have been appropriately used for 417 of the 602 individuals included in the study population [69·3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 65·6-73·0] and inappropriately used for 144 individuals (23·9%, 95% CI 20·5-27·3). These inappropriate uses were due mainly to prescriptions for an inappropriate indication (65·8%, 95% CI 58·4-73·2) or unintentional rechallenge (20·9%, 95% CI 14·6-27·2). Allopurinol and co-trimoxazole were the drugs most frequently involved in inappropriate indications. Antibiotics were the largest group involved in unintentional rechallenge. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, available on prescription, were most frequently involved in inappropriate self-medication. Conclusions Our results underline the need for respecting the appropriate indication for drugs in order to reduce the incidence of SCARs. Reducing unintentional rechallenge also seems to be a necessary preventive measure.

The last decade has contributed to the emergence of telemedicine. Legislation and regulations, new tools, efficient networks and regional deployments have all played their part in its growth. There are several regional solutions, often experimental. The implementation of telemedicine services nevertheless comes up against obstacles which concern all specialities, including cardiology.

Background There is no consensus regarding treatment for drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Objectives We report a single-center observational series of therapeutic management of DRESS. Methods We examined data for 50 consecutive patients admitted from March 2005 to June 2009 with a discharge diagnosis of DRESS (RegiSCAR score). Results For the 38 patients with a DRESS score of 4 or more, topical steroid treatment alone was initiated in 66% of cases. On admission, 13 patients received systemic steroids; in 7 of them, systemic steroid treatment was initiated or maintained for life-threatening organ failure, with kidney, lung, and/or nervous system involvement. Complications of DRESS, such as relapse, viral reactivation, and sepsis, were less frequent with topical steroid than with systemic steroids. None of the patients died during their stay in hospital. Limitations Retrospective nonblinded design and dermatologic recruitment are limitations. The variables underlying the choice of treatment study were not analyzed. Conclusions Systemic steroids may not be required for the management of mild forms of DRESS, and may thus be reserved for more severe cases. Prospective studies are required to evaluate strategies for treating DRESS.