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2. The TianQin project: Current progress on science and technology

Author

Mei, J, Bai, Y, Bao, J, Barausse, E, Cai, L, Canuto, E, Cao, B, Chen, W, Chen, Y, Ding, Y, Duan, H, Fan, H, Feng, W, Fu, H, Gao, Q, Gao, T, Gong, Y, Gou, X, Gu, C, Gu, D, He, Z, Hendry, M, Hong, W, Hu, X, Hu, Y, Huang, S, Huang, X, Jiang, Q, Jiang, Y, Jiang, Z, Jin, H, Korol, V, Li, H, Li, M, Li, P, Li, R, Li, Y, Li, Z, Liang, Y, Liang, Z, Liao, F, Liu, Q, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Liu, L, Liu, P, Liu, X, Lu, X, Lu, Y, Lu, Z, Luo, Y, Luo, Z, Milyukov, V, Ming, M, Pi, X, Qin, C, Qu, S, Sesana, A, Shao, C, Shi, C, Su, W, Tan, D, Tan, Y, Tan, Z, Tu, L, Wang, B, Wang, C, Wang, F, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, L, Wang, P, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wei, R, Wu, S, Xiao, C, Xu, X, Xue, C, Yang, F, Yang, L, Yang, M, Yang, S, Ye, B, Yeh, H, Yu, S, Zhai, D, Zhang, C, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhou, H, Zhou, M, Zhou, Z, Zhu, D, Zi, T, Luo, J, Mei J., Bai Y. -Z., Bao J., Barausse E., Cai L., Canuto E., Cao B., Chen W. -M., Chen Y., DIng Y. -W., Duan H. -Z., Fan H., Feng W. -F., Fu H., Gao Q., Gao T., Gong Y., Gou X., Gu C. -Z., Gu D. -F., He Z. -Q., Hendry M., Hong W., Hu X. -C., Hu Y. -M., Hu Y., Huang S. -J., Huang X. -Q., Jiang Q., Jiang Y. -Z., Jiang Y., Jiang Z., Jin H. -M., Korol V., Li H. -Y., Li M., Li P., Li R., Li Y., Li Z., Li Z. -X., Liang Y. -R., Liang Z. -C., Liao F. -J., Liu Q., Liu S., Liu Y. -C., Liu L., Liu P. -B., Liu X., Liu Y., Lu X. -F., Lu Y., Lu Z. -H., Luo Y., Luo Z. -C., Milyukov V., Ming M., Pi X., Qin C., Qu S. -B., Sesana A., Shao C., Shi C., Su W., Tan D. -Y., Tan Y., Tan Z., Tu L. -C., Wang B., Wang C. -R., Wang F., Wang G. -F., Wang H., Wang J., Wang L., Wang P., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Y. -F., Wei R., Wu S. -C., Xiao C. -Y., Xu X. -S., Xue C., Yang F. -C., Yang L., Yang M. -L., Yang S. -Q., Ye B., Yeh H. -C., Yu S., Zhai D., Zhang C., Zhang H., Zhang J. -D., Zhang J., Zhang L., Zhang X., Zhou H., Zhou M. -Y., Zhou Z. -B., Zhu D. -D., Zi T. -G., Luo J., Mei, J, Bai, Y, Bao, J, Barausse, E, Cai, L, Canuto, E, Cao, B, Chen, W, Chen, Y, Ding, Y, Duan, H, Fan, H, Feng, W, Fu, H, Gao, Q, Gao, T, Gong, Y, Gou, X, Gu, C, Gu, D, He, Z, Hendry, M, Hong, W, Hu, X, Hu, Y, Huang, S, Huang, X, Jiang, Q, Jiang, Y, Jiang, Z, Jin, H, Korol, V, Li, H, Li, M, Li, P, Li, R, Li, Y, Li, Z, Liang, Y, Liang, Z, Liao, F, Liu, Q, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Liu, L, Liu, P, Liu, X, Lu, X, Lu, Y, Lu, Z, Luo, Y, Luo, Z, Milyukov, V, Ming, M, Pi, X, Qin, C, Qu, S, Sesana, A, Shao, C, Shi, C, Su, W, Tan, D, Tan, Y, Tan, Z, Tu, L, Wang, B, Wang, C, Wang, F, Wang, G, Wang, H, Wang, J, Wang, L, Wang, P, Wang, X, Wang, Y, Wei, R, Wu, S, Xiao, C, Xu, X, Xue, C, Yang, F, Yang, L, Yang, M, Yang, S, Ye, B, Yeh, H, Yu, S, Zhai, D, Zhang, C, Zhang, H, Zhang, J, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhou, H, Zhou, M, Zhou, Z, Zhu, D, Zi, T, Luo, J, Mei J., Bai Y. -Z., Bao J., Barausse E., Cai L., Canuto E., Cao B., Chen W. -M., Chen Y., DIng Y. -W., Duan H. -Z., Fan H., Feng W. -F., Fu H., Gao Q., Gao T., Gong Y., Gou X., Gu C. -Z., Gu D. -F., He Z. -Q., Hendry M., Hong W., Hu X. -C., Hu Y. -M., Hu Y., Huang S. -J., Huang X. -Q., Jiang Q., Jiang Y. -Z., Jiang Y., Jiang Z., Jin H. -M., Korol V., Li H. -Y., Li M., Li P., Li R., Li Y., Li Z., Li Z. -X., Liang Y. -R., Liang Z. -C., Liao F. -J., Liu Q., Liu S., Liu Y. -C., Liu L., Liu P. -B., Liu X., Liu Y., Lu X. -F., Lu Y., Lu Z. -H., Luo Y., Luo Z. -C., Milyukov V., Ming M., Pi X., Qin C., Qu S. -B., Sesana A., Shao C., Shi C., Su W., Tan D. -Y., Tan Y., Tan Z., Tu L. -C., Wang B., Wang C. -R., Wang F., Wang G. -F., Wang H., Wang J., Wang L., Wang P., Wang X., Wang Y., Wang Y. -F., Wei R., Wu S. -C., Xiao C. -Y., Xu X. -S., Xue C., Yang F. -C., Yang L., Yang M. -L., Yang S. -Q., Ye B., Yeh H. -C., Yu S., Zhai D., Zhang C., Zhang H., Zhang J. -D., Zhang J., Zhang L., Zhang X., Zhou H., Zhou M. -Y., Zhou Z. -B., Zhu D. -D., Zi T. -G., and Luo J.

Abstract

TianQin is a planned space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatory consisting of three Earth-orbiting satellites with an orbital radius of about $10^5 , { m km}$. The satellites will form an equilateral triangle constellation the plane of which is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. TianQin aims to detect GWs between $10^{-4} , { m Hz}$ and $1 , { m Hz}$ that can be generated by a wide variety of important astrophysical and cosmological sources, including the inspiral of Galactic ultra-compact binaries, the inspiral of stellar-mass black hole binaries, extreme mass ratio inspirals, the merger of massive black hole binaries, and possibly the energetic processes in the very early universe and exotic sources such as cosmic strings. In order to start science operations around 2035, a roadmap called the 0123 plan is being used to bring the key technologies of TianQin to maturity, supported by the construction of a series of research facilities on the ground. Two major projects of the 0123 plan are being carried out. In this process, the team has created a new-generation $17 , { m cm}$ single-body hollow corner-cube retro-reflector which was launched with the QueQiao satellite on 21 May 2018; a new laser-ranging station equipped with a $1.2 , { m m}$ telescope has been constructed and the station has successfully ranged to all five retro-reflectors on the Moon; and the TianQin-1 experimental satellite was launched on 20 December 2019 - the first-round result shows that the satellite has exceeded all of its mission requirements.

Published
2021

11. Effect of ingredient particle sizes and dietary viscosity on digestion and faecal waste of striped catfish (<italic>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</italic>).

Author

Tran‐Tu, L. C., Hien, T. T. T., Bosma, R. H., Heinsbroek, L. T. N., Verreth, J. A. J., and Schrama, J. W.

Subjects
*ANIMAL feeding behavior, *DIGESTION, *FECES, *CATFISHES, *DRY matter in animal nutrition
Abstract

Abstract: The ingredients’ particle size and dietary viscosity may alter digestion, performance and faecal waste management of fish. This study aimed to assess the effect of grinding screen sizes of feed ingredients and dietary viscosity on digestibility, faecal waste and performance of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Sauvage, 1878). The experiment had a 2 × 3 factorial‐design: two feed mesh particle sizes, by grinding ingredient mixtures at two screen sizes (0.8 versus 1.0 mm); and three dietary viscosity levels, created by exchanging carboxymethylcellulose by guar gum (GG) (0, 3 and 6 g of GG/kg of diet). Six diets were assigned to 18 tanks, each connected to three faecal settling tanks. All aquaria were stocked with 20 fish (82 g per fish). After 52 experimental days, dietary viscosity negatively affected both feed digestibility and performance of striped catfish; as a result, the amount of organic matter in the culture system through faeces had increased significantly. The coarse diets significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter and carbohydrate but worsened feed conversion ratio. Increasing dietary viscosity tended to increase the viscosity and moisture content of the faeces, but significantly accelerated the faecal disintegration through the reduction of both faecal recovery and the amount of recovered faeces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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16. Protein kinase C-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase requires cytoskeletal integrity and is uncoupled to mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in human hepatoma cells.

Author

Tu LC, Chou CK, Chen HC, and Yeh SF

Subjects
Blotting, Western, Carcinogens pharmacology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular metabolism, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Cell Adhesion drug effects, Cytochalasin D pharmacology, Enzyme Activation drug effects, Flavonoids pharmacology, Focal Adhesion Kinase 1, Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases, Humans, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases antagonists & inhibitors, Paxillin, Phosphorylation drug effects, Precipitin Tests, Protein Transport drug effects, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate pharmacology, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular enzymology, Cytoskeletal Proteins metabolism, Cytoskeleton metabolism, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, Phosphoproteins metabolism, Protein Kinase C metabolism, Protein-Tyrosine Kinases metabolism
Abstract

Treatment of cultured human hepatoma HepG2 cells with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), results in an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins, including the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin using anti-phosphotyrosine Western blotting and immunoprecipitation. However, when cells are in suspension or in the presence of cytochalasin D which disrupts the intracellular network of actin microfilaments, TPA loses its ability to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin but it still activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and induces PKC translocation from cytosol to the membrane in HepG2 cells. On the other hand, PD98059, a specific inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, blocks TPA-induced MAPK activation but has no effect on TPA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that TPA-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin in human hepatoma cells is PKC dependent and requires the integrity of the cell cytoskeleton but is uncoupled to the signal transduction pathway of PKC leading to the translocation of PKC and MAPK activation., (Copyright 2001 National Science Council, ROC and S. Karger AG, Basel)

Published
2001
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