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Cremnops melanopterus Ashmead [Plate 18, Figs A���I] Cremnops melanoptera Ashmead, 1894. Male. Neotype. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by the mandible appearing as one long tooth, smooth notauli, two hind tibial spines, and western North America distribution. Description. Holotype: male. Body length 6.5 mm (6���8 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 35���40 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0x (0.8 ���1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible extending well past margin of basal lobe, often appearing as one long tooth. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe not depressed medially. Notaulus smooth, well defined (to almost absent). Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed or reduced and blunt). Mesoscutellar trough with (to without) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 1 (to 3) pit(s); about 1 / 4 x (or less) length of mesopleuron. Medial propodeal areola with 2 (2���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3 (to 1 / 2). Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 3 (2���3) spines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic, or hyaline with melanic tint; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: patches on mesoscutum and propodeum (to black patches on head, pronotum, mesopleuron, propodeum, and legs). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���April to September. Geographic Range ���Primarily the Rocky Mountains westward, British Columbia south to Mexico. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Cremnops melanoptera is similar to C. meabilis. When the mandible is visible, the long single tooth-like appearance (instead of with a distinct basal lobe) easily distinguishes C. melanoptera. When the mandible is not visible it is somewhat difficult to tell them apart: C. melanoptera has a broader face with the lower margin of the face about 1 / 2 the interocular distance, while the lower face margin of C. meabilis is about 1 / 3 the interocular distance. Cremnops melanopterus also has a more western North American distribution, relatively weak sternaulus (compared to 3���5 pits), and smooth sometimes very deep notaulus (compared to a variable notaulus). Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops melanoptera, neotype, male, Los Angeles California, (USNM); Cremnops melanoptera, neotype, female?, Los Angeles California, (USNM) (H 8917). Non-Types: 25 (MCZ), 14 (CAS), 11 (ESSIG), 3 (FSCA), 4 (CNC), 1 (INHS), 6 (UCDC), 2 (HIC), 1 (CSCA). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 60-61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Biroia rubrigaster (Masi) NEW COMBINATION. Male. [Figure 3] Cremnops rubrigaster Masi 1944. Comments. Originally described as Cremnops, the holotype clearly belongs in the genus Biroia as it lacks the notaulus on the mesoscutum. The specimen is boldly colored black except for the propodeum, metapleuron, hind leg and metasoma, which are red. The holotype is now labeled " Biroia rubrigaster ". Material examined. HOLOYPE: Cremnops rubrigaster, male, Miss. E. Zavattari, Sagan-Omo A.O.I, Banno, 10 -v- 1939, Museo Civico di Genova. (MSNG)., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, Spring-cleaning of African agathidines: new combinations for five species previously placed in Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 133-138 in Zootaxa 3946 (1) on page 135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/244789

Cremnops bertae NEW SPECIES [Plate 3, Figs A���I] Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its prominent scutal flange, 4���8 hind tibial spines, and symmetrical hind claw inner teeth. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7.0 mm (7.0���8.0 mm). Head (Figs C & F). 35 (34���37) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.1 x (0.8���1.2 x) eye height. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition narrower than (or about to equal) the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe weakly depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange prominent; strongly acute (straight to weakly curved, but NOT as strongly curved as in C. comstocki). Mesoscutellar trough without (to with) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 5 (4���6) pits; about 1 / 2 x (1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth (to foveolate). Medial propodeal areola with 4 (3���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 2 (to 1 / 3). Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina absent (or present, but weak). Distal tibia with 6 (4���8) spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, narrow and angled (to curved), with 4 basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2 x apical width, apical width about 2.5 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: head, sternum, mid leg, and hind trochanter, trochantellus, tibia and tarsus (head color varies to all orange). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���March, May, June���August, October. Geographic Range ���Nova Scotia, west to Colorado, and south to Florida. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Cremnops bertae is similar to C. shenefelti and C. haematodes, but can be distinguished by the prominently projecting scutal flange (compared to non-prominent 90 �� to obtuse hind angle of the scutal flange in C. shenefelti and C. haematodes) and narrow hind femur (length 3 x width in C. ashmeadi compared to 2 x width in C. shenefelti). Cremnops bertae can be distinguished from C. ashmeadi by the greater number of hind tibial spines (4���8 in C. ashmeadi compared to 2���3). Etymology. Dedicated to Dominga Carolina Berta De Fernandez for her work on Neotropical Cremnops. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: female, USA: KY: Fayette Co., Horse Farm, elev. 1011ft, 38 ��00' 28 "N; 84 �� 22 '09"W, 16���31.v. 2012, Hym Institute, (HIC)(H 5555). PARATYPES: (3) male, Canada: Nova Scotia, Truro, 16 -vii- 2007, L.A. Strange. (FSCA). (H 8931, H 8932, H 7797). Non-Types: 5 (HIC), 2 (CAS), 8 (CNC), 5 (MCZ), 5 (INHS), 3 (FSCA), 1 (ESSIG). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 39-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops boliviensis Berta [Plate 4, Figs A���I] Cremnops boliviensis Berta de Fernandez, 1988. Male. Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished by its relatively large size, merged subpronopes, and yellow stigma. Description. Holotype: male. Body length 9 mm (9���13 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 40���43 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending significantly anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space elevated, higher than lateral ocelli (to level with lateral ocelli). Malar space 1.2 x (0.8���1.2 x) eye height. Mandible with distinct and elongate basal lobe, giving mandible a forked appearance. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes contiguous, merged into one large pit. Median mesonotal lobe not depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; reduced and blunt (to 90 �� to obtuse). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough with extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 3 (2���3) pits; about 1 / 3 x length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 4 (2���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3.5 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Claw missing on type specimen, inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, narrow and angled (to curved), with 7���8 (female) or 3���4 (male) basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic; veins melanic; stigma yellow. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide (to slightly higher than wide). Hyaline spot in dorsal part of 1 st submarginal cell, dorsobasal part of marginal cell, and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. (Hyaline spot absent in 2 nd discal space and present in 2 nd submarginal cell). Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5��� 2 x apical width, apical width about 3 x basal width. Body Color Red, except melanic as follows: patch on center of face; scape red (to all black except red as follows: propodeum, metapleuron, parts of hind leg, most of metasomal dorsal tergites). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���July, November & December. Geographic Range ��� Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Cremnops boliviensis is one of only four species that has merged subpronopes (C. cubensis, C. slossonae and C. violaceipennis), but is distinguished by its yellow stigma (compared to the melanic stigma in C. cubensis, C. slossonae and C. violaceipennis). The best way to differentiate C. violaceipennis from C. cubensis and C. slossonae is by color: C. cubensis is all orange with at least some melanic coloration on the head, C. slossonae is black with an orange propodeum and metasoma, and C. violaceipennis is black with an orange propodeum and black metasoma. Cremnops violaceipennis also tends to have a tubercle on the lateral anteromesoscutum (60 % of specimens). Etymology. Presumably named for the collecting locale, Bolivia. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: images, male, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Palmar del Oratio, 12 /VII/ 1973, (IFML). ALLOTYPE: female, Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Palmar del Oratio, 12 /VII/ 1973 (IFML).Non-Types: 2 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops cameronii (Dalla Torre) [Plate 6, Figs A���I] Agathis cameronii Dalla Torre, 1898. Female. Agathis tibialis Cameron, 1887. Female. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from most other species by two distal hind tibial spines, non-prominent scutal flange, and a distribution from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec south to Argentina. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 6.5 mm (6.0���7.0 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 32���37 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending significantly anteriad (to immediately anteriad) lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.8 x (0.6���1.1 x) eye height. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than (or about to equal) the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe weakly depressed medially (to not depressed). Notaulus smooth (to foveolate). Scutellar sulcus with 1 (1���3) longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to reduced and blunt). Mesoscutellar trough without (to with) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 4 (3���5) pits; about 1 / 2 x (1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 3 (3���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 4. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 2 (or 3) spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Hyaline with melanic tint (to melanic). Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2 x apical width, apical width about 1.5 x basal width. Body Color Red-orange, except black as follows: vertex, parts of face, ventral part of mesosoma, fore- and mid- leg, hind trochanter, trochantellus, distal tibia and tarsus (to all red-orange, black hind leg; orange instead of red-orange). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���February to October. Geographic Range ���The Isthmus of Tehuantepec and south to Argentina. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Cremnops cameronii is difficult to distinguish from C. meabilis. Cremnops cameronii has symmetrical inner and outer hind claw inner teeth (98 % of specimens) (compared to asymmetrical or symmetrical in C. meabilis) and the hind angle of the scutal flange is not prominent varying from 90 �� to obtuse to reduced and blunt, whereas the hind claw inner teeth of C. meabilis is variable and the non-prominent scutal flange is generally 90 �� to obtuse (95 % of specimens). Cremnops cameronii has a Neotropical distribution, from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec south to Argentina, whereas C. meabilis has a Nearctic distribution from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec north to Canada. Correct species identifications of specimens collected near the Isthmus of Tehuantepec should be confirmed by molecular (COI) analyses when possible. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: female, Presidios, Mexico, B.M. Type Hym. 3: 936, (BMNH) (H 8911). Non-Types: 37 (ESSIG), 18 (CAS), 37 (CNC), 26 (MNHN), 16 (MCZ), 42 (FSCA), 3 (UCDC), 18 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops meabilis (Cresson) [Plate 17, Figs A���I] Agathis meabilis Cresson, 1872. Diagnosis. This is one of the more variable species, however, typically it can be distinguished by a malar space shorter or equal to eye height, a 3���6 (usually strongly) pitted sternaulus, and usually two hind tibial spines (80 % of specimens). Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7 mm (6���8 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen (35���41 flagellomeres). Acute dorsoapical projection on scape absent. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.8 x (0.7 ���1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe weakly depressed medially. Notaulus foveolate (to smooth). Scutellar sulcus with 1 (1���3) longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough with (to without) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 4 (3���6) pits (sometimes weak); about 1 / 2 x (1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 4 (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 2 (or 3, or 20 % of specimens 4���8) spines. Claw missing on type specimen, inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical (to asymmetrical), broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic, or hyaline with melanic tint; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide (to as high as wide). Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: tibia and tarsus (to black: head, ventral half pronotum and mesopleuron, legs). Biology. Host ���According to label data, this species has been reared on Loxostege similalis (Guen.), the Garden Webworm, which is a pest of alfalfa and corn (Smith & Franklin 1954). Adults Collected ���March to December. It appears that during the colder seasons C. meabilis is primarily found in southern states (e.g. FL, SC, southern CA, etc.), although this could simply be a collecting bias. Geographic Range ���Pennsylvania west to Oregon, south to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Cremnops meabilis was previously synonymized with C. haematodes, however, upon examining the type specimens of both C. meabilis and C. haematodes (which was previously thought to be lost���see Marsh 1961), it is clear that the two holotypes are not the same species. In comparison, C. meabilis has a distinctly shorter malar space and usually only 2 hind tibial spines instead of 4���12. Cremnops meabilis is difficult to distinguish from C. cameronii, with the best determinant being the collection locale. From molecular analyses that used samples of specimens with numerous morphological variations and collection localities, the distribution of C. meabilis appears to be restricted to Nearctic regions (Canada south to the Isthmus of Tehuantepec), whereas the distribution of C. cameronii is Neotropical (the Isthmus of Tehuantepec into South America). Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Agathis meabilis, female, Texas, type no. 1739.1, (ANSP) (H 3454); Agathis haematodes, male, Philadelphia, PA, Coll. M. Serville, (MNHN) (H 3446). Non-Types: 305 (FSCA), 15 (CAS), 12 (ESSIG), 15 (MCZ), 21 (INHS), 6 (MNNH), 12 (UCFC), 26 (CNC), 28 (HIC), 11 (UAIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Smith, R. C. & Franklin, W. W. (1954) The garden webworm Loxostege similalis Guen. as an alfalfa pest in Kansas. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 27 (1), 27 - 38.","Marsh, P. M. (1961) A taxonomic study of the genus Cremnops Foerster in America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54, 851 - 861."]}

Cremnops haematodes (Brull��) [Plate 14, Figs A���I] Agathis haematodes Brull��, 1846. Male. Synonymized with C. haematodes by Marsh, 1979. Agathis liberator Brull��, 1846. Synonymized with C. haematodes by Marsh, 1979. Agathis liberatrix Schulz, 1906. Emendation for A. liberator. Agathis nigrosternum Morrison, 1917. Female. Synonymized with C. nigrosternum by Marsh, 1979. Cremnops nigrosternum (Morrison, 1917). NEW SYNONYMY Bracon szepligetii Morrison, 1917. Female. Synonymized with C. nigrosternum by Marsh, 1961. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its long malar space, non-prominent scutal flange, and large number of hind tibial spines (4���12). Description. Holotype: male. Body length 8 mm (7���10 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 36���40 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0x (1.0��� 1.5 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe weakly depressed medially. Notaulus smooth (sometimes weakly foveolate). Scutellar sulcus with 1 (1���3) longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse. Mesoscutellar trough with (to without) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 5 (4���6) pits; about 1 / 2 x (1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen foveolate (to smooth). Medial propodeal areola with 3 (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3.5 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 7 (4���12) spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical (or symmetrical), broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic, or hyaline with melanic tint; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.2 x apical width, apical width about 2.5 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except melanic as follows: hind trochanter, trochantellus, distal femur and tibia, tarsus (to black: head, ventral pronotum and mesopleuron, legs). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���March to October, & December (Florida). Geographic Range ���British Columbia to New York, south to Mexico. See map in Appendix II. Comments. I have examined the type specimens of C. haematodes and C. nigrosternum and determined that they are two color variations of the same species. The type specimen of C. meabilis, however, is distinctly different from C. haematodes with a shorter malar space (0.7 ���1.0x eye height instead of 1.0��� 1.3 x) and only 2 or 3 hind tibial spines instead of 4���12. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Agathis haematodes, male, Philadelphia, PA, Coll. M. Serville, (MNHN) (H 3446); A. nigrosternum, female, Southern Pines, North Carolina, v- 21 N.O., A.H. Manes, Type no. 20479 (USNM) (H 3474); Bracon szepligetii, female, Calvert, Texas (USNM) (H 3484). Non-Types: 71 (FSCA), 4 (CNC), 9 (CAS), 1 (ESSIG), 4 (UCFC), 8 (MCZ), 1 (MNHN), 5 (HIC), 2 (UAIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Marsh, P. M. (1961) A taxonomic study of the genus Cremnops Foerster in America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 54, 851 - 861."]}

Cremnops ashmeadi (Morrison) [Plate 2, Figs A���I] Bracon ashmeadi Morrison, 1917. Female. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its prominently projecting, strongly acute scutal flange and black head and mesosoma. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 5.9mm (5���6.5mm). Head (Figs C & F). Thirty-three (32���35) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending at the anterolateral (or anterior) edge of the lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, lower than lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0x (0.7���1.2 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe not depressed medially. Notaulus smooth (sometimes weakly foveolate). Scutellar sulcus with 3 (1���4) longitudinal carinae. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange prominent; strongly acute (straight to weakly curved, but NOT as strongly curved as in C. comstocki). Mesoscutellar trough with (to without) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 4 (3���6) pits; about 2 / 3 x (1 / 2 ��� 2 / 3 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen foveolate (to smooth). Medial propodeal areola with 4 (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 2 (1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2). Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3.5 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 2 (or 3) spines. Claw missing on type specimen, inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, narrow and angled (to curved), with 3���4 basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Hyaline with melanic tint; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide (to as high as wide). Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Black, except orange as follows: metasoma and parts of fore leg tarsal segments (to hind femur orange, tarsal segments melanic). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���May to October. Geographic Range ���Central Canada (Alberta, Ontario & Manitoba) south to Kansas and Kentucky. See map in Appendix II. Comments. This species is similar to C. montrealensis, but can be distinguished by the scutal flange; whereas C. ashmeadi has prominently projecting scutal flange, C. montrealensis has a non-prominent, rather: 90 �� to obtuse hind angle of the scutal flange. Cremnops ashmeadi also closely resembles C. bertae, but C. ashmeadi has 2���3 hind tibial spines (compared to 4���8) and a malar space shorter than eye height (compared to at least as long). Etymology. Presumably named after William Harris Ashmead, a prominent systematist of Hymenoptera. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: female, type no. 20480, (USNM) (H 3476). Non-Types: 2 (BMNH), 5 (CAS), 7 (CNC), 6 (ESSIG), 3 (HIC), 2 (INHS), 2 (MCZ), 3 (USNM), 5 (UCDC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 38-39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops marshi Berta [Plate 16, Figs A���I] Cremnops marshi Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. Cremnops punctatus Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. NEW SYNONYMY. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its distinctive short malar space, primarily black coloration, hind trochantellar carina, and elevated interocellar space. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7.5 mm (7.0��� 8.5 mm). Head (Figs C & F). 40 (38���43) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space elevated, higher than lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.5 x (0.5���0.8 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition narrower than (or about to equal) the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe weakly depressed medially. Notaulus foveolate (to smooth). Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough with (to without) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 2 (1���2) pits; about 1 / 4 x (or less) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth (to foveolate). Medial propodeal areola with 4 (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 2 (to almost entirely). Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 2.5��� 4 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic, or hyaline with melanic tint; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide (to as high as wide). Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 3 x basal width. Body Color Black, except orange as follows: metasoma, and hind leg. Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���June to August. Geographic Range ��� Mexico. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Similar to C. montrealensis. Cremnops marshi can be differentiated by the elevated, as opposed to level, interocellar space. Etymology. Dedicated to the Braconidae specialist at the National Museum on Washington, Dr. Paul Marsh (Berta 1998). Material examined. HOLOTYPE: C. marshi, female, Mexico, Chiapas, El Bosque, 10.v. 1969, H.J. Teskey, (CNC) (H 8926); C. punctatus, female, Mexico, Sin. 15 mi. W. El Palmito, 5000 ', 16 July 1964, W.R.M. Mason, (CNC) (H 8927). Non-Types: 2 (FSCA), 2 (ESSIG), 1 (CNC), 1 (MCZ), 1 (MNHN). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Berta, D. C. (1998) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) en la region Neotropical [The genus Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) in the Neotropical region.]. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 44 (1), 231 - 288."]}

Cremnops cluttsis NEW SPECIES [Plate 7, Figs A���I] Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by a short malar space, carinate hind trochantellus, yellow basal half of the stigma, and only a short groove for the sternaulus. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7 mm (6.5���7.5 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Forty flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.7 x (0.6���0.8 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition narrower than (or about to equal) the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially. Notaulus foveolate (to smooth). Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus a short groove (to a couple tiny weak pits); about 1 / 4 x (or less) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 3 (3���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral margin. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical. Fore wing (Fig. G). Hyaline with melanic tint (to melanic); veins melanic; stigma melanic with yellow basally. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 3 x apical width, apical width about 1.2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: distal part of hind tibia and hind tarsus. Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���August. Geographic Range ���Sinaloa, Mexico. See map in Appendix II. Comments. This species resembles C. wileycoyotius, but can be distinguished by a shorter malar space (0.6���0.8 x compared to 1.0x), narrow subpronopes partition (couplet 7 B) (compared to wide, couplet 7 A), and short groove (compared to 3���5 pits) for the sternaulus. Cremnops cluttsis is also similar to C. desertor and C. guanicanus, however, C. cluttsis has a hind trochantellar carina (compared to absent) and asymmetrical hind claw basal teeth (compared to symmetrical). Etymology. Named after the Hymenoptera Institute's former lab technician who was a tremendous help during the first author's research. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops cluttsis, female, Mexico, Sinaloa, 2.5 mi.N.Mazatlan, viii- 10���1970, malaise trap 10 a- 2 p, M. Wasbauer, J. Chemsak, (ESSIG) (H 10735). PARATYPE: (7) five females, two males, same locality data as holotype (ESSIG). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops violaceipennis (Cameron) [Plate 26, Figs A���I] Agathis violaceipennis Cameron, 1887. Female. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the merged subpronopes, high ocellar space, black abdomen, and sternaulus usually with 2 pits. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 10 mm (10.5���12 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 38���42 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space elevated, higher than lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.8 x (0.8���1.1 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes contiguous, merged into one large pit. Median mesonotal lobe not depressed medially (often with a weak longitudinal carina or two anterior bumps). Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 (1���3) longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough with (to without) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 2 (1���2, rarely 3) pits; about 1 / 4 x (or less) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen foveolate. Medial propodeal areola with 4 (4���7) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3.5 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, narrow and angled (to curved), with 6���7 basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic (to black); veins melanic (to black); stigma melanic (to black). 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Black, except orange-red as follows: propodeum (to completely black, or rarely all black with orange metasoma). Biology. Host��� Epicorsia avilalis Amsel (Crambidae). Associated Plants��� Host's plant: Citharexylum costaricense Moldenke (Verbenaceae) (Janzen & Hallwachs 2009). Adults Collected ���September. Geographic Range ���Central Mexico south to Colombia. See map in Appendix II. Comments. See discussion under C. boliviensis. Etymology. The name presumably refers to the violet colored reflections seen in the wings of freshly collected specimens. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops violaceipennis, female, Volcan de Chiriqui, 25���4000ft, Champion, B.M. Type Hym 3: 934, (BMNH) (H 8923). Non-Types: 7 (HIC), 1 (ANSP), 2 (CNC), 2 (FSCA), 3 (MCZ). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 71-72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Biroia borealis (Sz��pligeti) NEW COMBINATION Male. [Figure 1] Cremnops borealis (Sz��pligeti). Faringer 1937. Megagathis borealis Sz��pligeti 1914. Comments. Previously moved to the genus Cremnops by Fahringer (1937), the holotype belongs in the genus Biroia. The specimen lacks notauli. The holotype is now labeled " Biroia borealis ". Material Examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops borealis, male, Tripolis, Quendenfeldt S. (ZMHB)., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, Spring-cleaning of African agathidines: new combinations for five species previously placed in Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 133-138 in Zootaxa 3946 (1) on page 134, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/244789, {"references":["Fahringer, J. (1937) Opuscula braconologica. Band 4. Palaearktische region. Lieferung 4 - 6, Opuscula braconologica. Fritz Wagner, Wein, 257 - 520 pp."]}

Key to Cremnops of the New World 1. A. Stigma entirely melanic (or with a small pale spot near base)................................................. 4 B. Stigma entirely yellow (or with for a small melanic spot).................................................... 2 C. Stigma yellow in basal 1 / 4 ��� 3 / 4, melanic in apical 1 / 4 ��� 3 / 4.................................................. 56 Couplet 1., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Disophrys atripennis (Sz��pligeti) NEW COMBINATION. Male. [Figure 4] Cremnops atripennis Sz��pligeti 1914. Comments. Originally described as a member of Cremnops, the holotype clearly belongs in the genus Disophrys with its large, open, propodeal median areola, and deep up-curved sternaulus extending the length of the mesopleuron. There is already a recognized species with the same name, i.e., Disophrys atripennis (Sz��pligeti 1915), but Disophrys atripennis (Sz��pligeti 1914) is the primary homonym. As such, the secondary homonym Disophrys atripennis (Sz��pligeti 1915) is renamed here���See Dysophrys szatripennis Tucker (see below). Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops atripennis, male, Westafrika: Uelleburg, VI.���VIII.08, Te��mann S.G., Zool. Mus. Berlin. (ZMHB)., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, Spring-cleaning of African agathidines: new combinations for five species previously placed in Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 133-138 in Zootaxa 3946 (1) on page 136, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/244789

Cremnops plesiopectoralis Berta [Plate 22, Figs A���I] Cremnops plesiopectoralis Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. Diagnosis. Distinguished by two distal hind tibial spines, non-prominent scutal flange, Neotropical distribution, and asymmetrical hind claw inner teeth. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7.2 mm (6.5���7.5 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 32���37 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Malar space 0.8 x (0.6���1.1 x) eye height. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 3 (1���3) longitudinal carinae. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; lobed (to 90 �� to obtuse). Mesoscutellar trough without (to with) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 4 (3���5) pits; about 1 / 2 x (1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Medial propodeal areola with 4 (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral margin. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Distal tibia with 2 (or 3) spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped, with 3 (to 5) basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Hyaline with melanic tint. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: head, pronotum, anterior portion of scutum, ventral mesosoma, fore and mid leg, hind trochanter, trochantellus, tibia, and tarsus (to all orange). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���February to October. Geographic Range ���Northern Mexico at a latitude of about 25 ��N and south to Brazil. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Similar to C. meabilis, C. cameronii, and C. pectoralis. Cremnops plesiopectoralis has a more southern distribution (about 25 ��N and southward) than C. meabilis (the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and northward) and can be differentiated from C. cameronii by its asymmetrical (instead of symmetrical) inner and outer hind claw inner teeth. The distribution of C. pectoralis appears to be restricted to the Caribbean. Etymology. Named it for its resemblance to C. pectoralis (Berta 1998). Material examined. HOLOTYPE: female, Tepoatian, Moreios Mexico, S- 20���56, (USNM) (H 8920). PARATYPE: 2 (CNC), 7 (MCZ). Non-Types: 37 (ESSIG), 18 (CAS), 37 (CNC), 26 (MNHN), 16 (MCZ), 42 (FSCA), 3 (UCDC), 18 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 66-67, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Berta, D. C. (1998) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) en la region Neotropical [The genus Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) in the Neotropical region.]. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 44 (1), 231 - 288."]}

Cremnops cubensis (Cresson) [Plate 10, Figs A���I] Agathis cubensis Cresson, 1865. Female. Disophrys cubensis Bradley, 1916. Synonymized by Berta, 1998. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its relatively large size (~ 10 mm), merged subpronopes, and sternaulus with only one or two pits. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 10 mm (9.5���10.5 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Forty-one (40���45) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending at the anterolateral (or anterior) edge of the lateral ocellus. Interocellar space elevated, higher than lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0x eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes contiguous, merged into one large pit. Median mesonotal lobe weakly depressed medially (sometimes with a weak longitudinal carina). Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough with longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough with extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 1 (to 2) pit(s). Discrimen foveolate. Medial propodeal areola with (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 2.5 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 3 (2���3) spines. Claw missing on type specimen, inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, narrow and angled (to curved), with 6���8 basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.3 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except melanic as follows: head, anterior pronotum, fore and mid leg, hind trochanter and trochantellus (to head only partially melanic). Biology. Host ���Reared from Pyrausta mellinalis H��bner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) [from holotype label data]. Adults Collected ���June & September. Geographic Range ���Caribbean Islands; Bahamas to Cuba and Jamaica. See map in Appendix II. Comments. See discussion under C. boliviensis. Etymology. Presumably named for Cuba, where the holotype was collected. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: literature description: female, Cuba, (ANSP).Non-Types: 2 (MCZ), 1 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on page 49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Berta, D. C. (1998) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) en la region Neotropical [The genus Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) in the Neotropical region.]. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 44 (1), 231 - 288."]}

Cremnops crassifemur (Muesebeck) [Plate 9, Figs A���I] Bracon crassifemur Muesebeck, 1927. Male. Diagnosis. This species is easily distinguished by its relatively large size, spine-like projection on the scape, excessive number of distal hind tibial spines (20���35), and relatively broad hind femur (femur length only ~ 2 x its width). Description. Holotype: male. Body length 9.5 mm (9���11 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 40���45 flagellomeres. Acute dorsoapical projection on scape present. Lateral carina of frons strong, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with (or higher than) lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0��� 1.5 x eye height. Apical tooth of mandible extending well past margin of basal lobe, often appearing as one long tooth. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe weakly depressed medially, or not depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 1���2 pits. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with (2���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral margin. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 1.5��� 2 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia covered with (20���35) spines. Claw missing on type specimen, inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped, with 4���5 basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide to as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.3 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: head, pronotum, anterior mesoscutum, mesopleuron (sometimes only half), tegula, posterior scutal flange, fore and mid leg, hind trochanter, trochantellus, and tarsus. Biology. Host ���Unknown. Associated Plants ���flowering plants: Psoralea L. (legume family), Chrysothamnus Nutt. (sagebrush) (Asteraceae family) and Haplopappus Cassnini (Asteraceae family) (misspelled Applopappus on the label) [from label data]. Chrysothamnus is known to be a host plant of Coleophora linosyridella Fuchs and C. viscidiflorella Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Coleophoridae), and Schinia walsinghami H. Edwards (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Adults Collected ���April, July-September, December (California). While most Cremnops specimens are collected by Malaise traps, there are records of this species being collected at light traps and by hand netting from flowering shrubs. Geographic Range ���Rocky Mountains westward (AZ, CA, Mexico, Baja California and two specimens from Texas), California south to Mexico. See map in Appendix II. Comments. The unusual morphology of this species (e.g. acute scape projection and numerous hind tibial spines) suggests it is sister to C. vulgaris. While analyses of limited COI data for C. vulgaris does not support this sister relationship, these shared character states suggest such a relationship may be the case. Etymology. The word ���crass��� translates to broad, which is appropriate for this species as it is one of only a few species that does have a broad femur. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: literature description: male, Baboquivari Mountains, Arizona, (INHS). Non-Types: 3 (HIC), 7 (ESSIG), 4 (CAS), 1 (CNC), 1 (FSCA), 1 (MCZ), 6 (UAIC), 9 (CSCA). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 47-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops wileycoyotius NEW SPECIES [Plate 30, Figs A–I] Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the hind trochantellar carina, 3–5 pitted sternaulus, and half yellow stigma. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 8 mm. Head (Figs C & F). Thirty-seven flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0x eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 ° to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 5 (3–5) pits; about 1 / 2 x length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 3 (3–5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic; veins melanic; stigma melanic with yellow basally. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2.5 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: distal hind tibia and tarsus. Biology. Host —Unknown. Adults Collected —September and October. Geographic Range —Florida and Kansas. See map in Appendix II. Etymology. Named for the collector, J. Wiley, and for the holotype itself, which sneakily (like the well known canine) remained undescribed until now. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: female, Florida, Putnam County, 2mi NW Orange Springs, 10 -ix- 2 -x- 1975, J. Wiley, Malaise trap, (FSCA) (H 8930). Non-Types: female, Linn Co., Kansas, Marais d, Cygnes Ref. sw 1 / 4 S 25 T 20 SR 24 E, 4 Sept. 1983, R. Huber, INHS 116,825, (INHS) (H 8948). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII.

Cremnops yucatanus Berta [Plate 33, Figs A���I] Cremnops yucatanus Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. Diagnosis. Distinguished by two distal hind tibial spines, non-prominent scutal flange, a weak or often nonfoveolate sternaulus, and a neotropical distribution. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 6 mm (5.5���6.3 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Thirty-four (32���37) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Malar space 0.8 x (0.6���1.1 x) eye height. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Median mesonotal lobe weakly depressed medially. Notaulus smooth (sometimes weakly foveolate). Scutellar sulcus with 1 (1���3) longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; lobed (to 90 �� to obtuse or reduced and blunt). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 1 (to 3) pit(s); about 1 / 3 x (to 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 3 (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral margin. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Distal tibia with 2 (or 3) spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical (or asymmetrical). Fore wing (Fig. G). Hyaline with melanic tint. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2 x apical width, apical width about 2.3 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except melanic as follows: vertex of head, spot on malar space, most of metasomal tergites, hind trochanter, trochantellus, distal tibia, tarsus (to melanic head, ventral mesosoma). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���February to October. Geographic Range ���Northern Mexico at a latitude of about 25 ��N south to Brazil. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Difficult to distinguish from C. cameronii and C. plesiopectoralis, C. yucatanus can be separated by little, or lack of, melanic coloration (compared to varying amounts of melanic coloration), yellowish (instead of orange) mesosoma coloration, and a weak, or absent sternaulus (compared to a sternaulus with 3���5 pits). Cremnops melanoptera is similar to C. yucatanus, but can be distinguished by the breadth of the face. Cremnops melanoptera has a broader face with the ventral margin of the face about 1 / 2 the interocular distance, while the ventral face margin of C. yucatanus is about 1 / 3 the interocular distance. Etymology. Named after the Yucatan peninsula where the type was collected (Berta 1998). Material examined. HOLOTYPE: female, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, VII- 22���25 ��� 62, coll. H.E. Evans, (MCZ) (H 8925). Non-Types: 37 (ESSIG), 18 (CAS), 37 (CNC), 26 (MNHN), 16 (MCZ), 42 (FSCA), 3 (UCDC), 18 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on page 80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Berta, D. C. (1998) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) en la region Neotropical [The genus Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) in the Neotropical region.]. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 44 (1), 231 - 288."]}

Cremnops slossonae (Morrison) [Plate 24, Figs A���I] Bracon slossonae Morrison, 1917. Female. Cremnops misionensis Berta, 1987. Female. NEW SYNONYMY Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the merged subpronopes, high ocellar space, red-orange abdomen, and sternaulus usually with 2 pits. Description. Holotype: female. Body length (9.5���12 mm, with males tending toward the lower end and female the upper). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 38���42 flagellomeres. Interocellar space elevated, higher than lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.8 x (0.8 ���1.0x) eye height. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes contiguous, merged into one large pit. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially (sometimes weakly). Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; lobed (to 90 �� to obtuse). Mesoscutellar trough with longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 1 (to 2, rarely 3) pit(s); about 1 / 3 x length of mesopleuron. Medial propodeal areola with 5 (4���7) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3 (to 1 / 2). Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 2.5��� 3 x width. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Claw missing on type specimen, inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, narrow and angled (to curved). Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2.5 x basal width. Body Color Black, except orange-red as follows: metapleuron, propodeum, metasoma, hind leg. Biology. Host��� Cremnops slossonae has been reared from Epicorsia mellinalis H��bner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (now Pyrausta mellinalis) [from label data]. Adults Collected ���March (Florida), August (Puerto Rico) & November (Colombia & Argentina); reared specimens emerged October & December. Geographic Range��� Cremnops slossonae was originally only recorded from Florida. The synonymization of C. misionensis extends the species distribution south to Paraguay and Argentina. I have also seen a specimen from Puerto Rico. See map in Appendix II. Comments. This is one of only four species with subpronopes merged into one space (C. boliviensis, C. cubensis, and C. violaceipennis). Cremnops slossonae most closely resembles C. violaceipennis, but has an orange metasoma and hind legs, whereas the metasoma and hind legs of C. violaceipennis are black. Etymology. Likely named after Annie Trumbull Slosson, an author and entomologist who donated a large insect collection to AMNH. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Bracon slossonae, female, Biscayne Bay, Florida, Type No. 20476, (USNM) (H 3473 & H 3910); Cremnops misionensis (photographs), female, Argentina: Misiones: San Javier, 12 / XI/ 1971, C. Porter coll., (IFML). Non-Types: 7 (HIC), 1 (ANSP), 2 (CNC), 2 (FSCA), 3 (MCZ). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 68-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Berta, C. D. (1987) Dos nuevas species de Cremnops Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Agathidinae) de Argentina Y Bolivia [Two new species of Cremnops, new record Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae) of Argentina and Bolivia]. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 39 (1), 13 - 16."]}

Cremnops apicalipennis Berta [Plate 1, Figs A���I] Cremnops apicalipennis Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the presence of a carina on the hind trochantellus, two-toned fore wing (apical half brown and basal half yellow/hyaline), narrow subpronopes partition and yellow scape (90 % of specimens). Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7mm (6���8mm). Head (Figs C & F). Forty-one (37���41) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space slightly shorter than (0.8 ���1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition narrower than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to reduced and blunt). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus absent (occasionally 1 very shallow basal pit). Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 3 (2���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose around the anterior, ventral and posterior margins. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3.5 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 (or 3) spines. Claw missing on type specimen, inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, narrow and angled (to curved), with 4 basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Apical half brown, basal half hyaline (to yellow); veins mostly yellow, some melanic; stigma melanic (or basal 1 / 4 to entirely yellow). 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2 x apical width, apical width about 1.5 x basal width. Body Color Yellow-orange, except melanic as follows: hind tarsus (scape yellow in 90 % of specimens). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���May, June, & August. Geographic Range ��� Mexico to Honduras. See map in Appendix II. Comments. While fresh specimens are easy to distinguish because of their distinct wing coloration, older specimens can be more challenging and look similar to C. willinki and C. ferrugineus. This is because the distinctive fore wing coloration appears to fade in older specimens (such as the holotype) and is sometimes not apparent, therefore appearing to be entirely hyaline with yellowish veins. The scape of the holotype also appears to be discolored by age, where fresher specimens have a yellow scape, older specimens often have a melanic scape. Cremnops willinki can be differentiated by the fore wing with a uniform melanic tint, and C. ferrugineus by the wide subpronopes separation (compared to the narrow one of C. apicalipennis). Etymology. The species name refers to the melanic coloration of the apical half of the fore wing (Berta 1998). Material Examined. HOLOTYPE: female, Guatemala, Amatitlan, VIII- 16���1961, (USNM) (H 8910). Non- Types: 3 (FSCA), 1 (CAS), 1 (CNC), 1 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 37-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Berta, D. C. (1998) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) en la region Neotropical [The genus Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) in the Neotropical region.]. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 44 (1), 231 - 288."]}

Cremnops washingtonensis (Shenefelt) [Plate 29, Figs A���I] Bracon washingtonensis Shenefelt, 1937. Female. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by a weak notaulus, broad face, mandible appearing as one long tooth, two hind tibial spines, and western North American distribution. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7.5 mm (7���8 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Thirty-seven (36���40) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Malar space 1.1 x (0.9���1.2 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible extending well past margin of basal lobe, often appearing as one long tooth. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Median mesonotal lobe not depressed medially. Notaulus smooth, defined (to almost absent). Scutellar sulcus with 1 (1���3) longitudinal carina. Lobed (to 90 �� to obtuse). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 3 (2���4) pits (often weak and merging into one or two elongate grooves); about 1 / 3 x (to 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Medial propodeal areola with 3 (2���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Distal tibia with 3 (2���3) spines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: portions of head, pronotum, ventral mesosoma, propodeum, fore and mid leg, hind trochanter, trochantellus, tibia, and tarsus. Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���April to August. Geographic Range ���Primarily the Rocky Mountains westward; from British Columbia south to Mexico. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Cremnops washingtonensis is difficult to differentiate from C. meablis, C. melanoptera, and C. shenefelti. It can be distinguished from C. meablis by its broad face (ventral margin of face almost as long as malar space as opposed to distinctly shorter than malar space) and usually weak sternaulus (compared to 3���5 pits); from C. melanoptera by its melanic coloration (at least part of head and ventral mesosoma melanic instead of primarily orange); and from C. shenefelti by its hind tibial spine number (2 or 3 instead of 7 or more). When the mandible is visible, it easily distinguishes C. washingtonensis from both C. meablis and C. shenefelti with the apical tooth extending well past the margin of basal lobe. Etymology. Presumably named for the collection locale. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops washingtonensis, female, Grand Coulee, Washington, Ephrata, 26.June. 1902, Type No. 52169, (USNM) (H 3472). Non-Types: 25 (MCZ), 14 (CAS), 11 (ESSIG), 3 (FSCA), 4 (CNC), 1 (INHS), 6 (UCDC), 2 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops montrealensis (Morrison) [Plate 19, Figs A���I] Bracon montrealensis Morrison, 1917. Female. Cremnops sharkei Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. NEW SYNONYMY. Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished by a primarily black head and thorax, non prominent scutal flange, 3���5 pitted sternaulus and two hind tibial spines. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7.5 mm (5.5���8 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 35���41 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0x (0.6���1.1 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially. Notaulus foveolate (to smooth). Scutellar sulcus with 1 (1���3) longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough with (to without) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough with weak longitudinal carinae laterally, or without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 4 (3���5, or sometimes 2 elongate) pits; about 1 / 2 x (1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth (to foveolate). Medial propodeal areola with (3���6) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 2 (or 3) spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide (to slightly higher than wide). Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Black, except orange as follows: metanotum, propodeum, most of metasoma, most of hind leg (to orange patches on head and mesosoma, and black patches on propodeum). Biology. Host ���A number of specimens of C. montrealensis have been reared from Evergestis straminalis H��bner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), the European horse-radish webworm [from label data]. Adults Collected ���April to October. Geographic Range ���East of the Rocky Mountains, Quebec and Nova Scotia west to Saskatchewan, south to Honduras. See map in Appendix II. Comments. This species is similar to C. meablis and C. cameronii, and molecular data indicates that C. montrealensis is sister to C. meabilis. Cremnops montrealensis can be distinguished by a primarily black head and thorax (compared to at least dorsal mesopleuron orange, varying to all orange). Some specimens exhibit a weak groove on either side of the ocelli (the main defining character of C. sharkei), but specimens show a gradient from grooved to non-grooved. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops montrealensis, Ithica, New York, 23 August 1913, Type no. 20483, (USNM) (H 8918); Cremnops sharkei, Mexico, Chaipas, Malaise trap, 16 " 58 'N, 19 " 47 'W, 12���19.ix. 1978, 560m, J. Rawling (CNC) (H 8928). Non-Types: 16 (CMNH), 11 (FSCA), 33 (CNC), 49 (MCZ), 12 (CAS), 4 (ESSIG), 14 (INHS), 30 (MNHN), 26 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 62-63, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops tibiomaculatus Berta [Plate 25, Figs A���I] Cremnops tibiomaculatus Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the hind trochantellar carina, 3���5 pitted sternaulus, extremely narrow subpronopes partition, pale colored scape, and black abdomen on a mostly orange species. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 9.5 mm (9���10 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Forty-one (38���42) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.8 x (0.8 ���1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition narrower than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 4 (3���5) pits; about 1 / 2 x (to 2 / 3 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 3 (3���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2.5 x apical width, apical width about 1.5 x basal width. Biology. Host ���Unknown. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: metasoma (except first median tergite) distal part of hind tibia; scape orange. Adults Collected ���April and June to August. Geographic Range ��� Mexico south to Costa Rica. See map in Appendix II. Comments. This species is probably closely related to C. apicalipennis and C. willinki, as they all have a trochantellar carina and narrow subpronopes partition. Etymology. The name refers to the dark spot on the hind tibia (Berta 1998). Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops tibiomaculatus, female, 8 mi. south Elota Sin. Mexico, vii- 2���1963, (CNC) (H 8929). Non-Types: 2 (MCZ), 1 (FSCA), 3 (ESSIG), 1 (CNC), 2 (MNHN), 2 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 69-70, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Berta, D. C. (1998) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) en la region Neotropical [The genus Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) in the Neotropical region.]. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 44 (1), 231 - 288."]}

Cremnops willinki Berta [Plate 31, Figs A���I] Cremnops willinki Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the short malar space, very narrow subpronopes partition, and carina on the hind trochantellus. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 8 mm (7.5���9.5 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Forty (38���42) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.5 x (0.5���0.7 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition narrower than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially (sometimes weakly). Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 1 pit (or absent); about 1 / 4 x (or less) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 5 (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Hyaline with melanic tint; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2 x apical width, apical width about 1.2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: distal part of hind tibia and hind tarsus. Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���July to September. Geographic Range ��� Mexico south to Honduras. See map in Appendix II. Comments. This species is similar to C. virginiensis and C. ferrugineus, but can be differentiated by the narrow (instead of wide) subpronopes partition. Etymology. In honor of Dr Abraham Willink's continued support of Berta de Fernandez' s scientific training (Berta 1998). Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops willinki, female, La Primavera, Jalisco, Mexico, 7���8 ��� 1956, R. & K. Dreisbach, (USNM) (H 8924). Non-Types: 6 (ESSIG), 6 (FSCA), 1 (CAS), 1 (CNC), 1 (MCZ), 1 (UAIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 77-78, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Berta, D. C. (1998) Contribucion al conocimiento del genero Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) en la region Neotropical [The genus Cremnops Foerster, 1862 (Braconidae, Agathidinae) in the Neotropical region.]. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 44 (1), 231 - 288."]}

Cremnops virginiensis (Morrison) [Plate 27, Figs A���I] Bracon virginiensis Morrison, 1917. Female. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the carina on the hind trochantellus, wide subpronopes partition, short malar space, asymmetrical hind claw inner teeth, and a few, often weak, sternaulus pits. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7 mm (6.5���8 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Thirty-nine (38���42) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.8 x (0.7 ���1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough with (to without) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 2 (1���3 usually weak) pits; about 1 / 4 x (to 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen foveolate (to smooth). Medial propodeal areola with 4 (3���5) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral margin. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 4 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). Melanic; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide (to as high as wide). Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2.5 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except black as follows: distal part of hind tibia (sometimes hind tarsus). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���April to October. Geographic Range ���Maine west to California, Quebec south to Texas and Florida. See map in Appendix II. Comments. This species is closely related to, and difficult to distinguish from, C. ferrugineus. The most reliable character to separate C. virginiensis from C. ferrugineus is the hind claw inner basal teeth. Cremnops virginiensis has asymmetrical basal teeth, while C. ferrugineus has symmetrical basal teeth. Cremnops virginiensis is also primarily found in the Nearctic region, while C. ferrugineus is generally found in the Neotropical region. Molecular analyses support C. virginiensis and C. ferrugineus as two separate, but closely related species. Etymology. Presumably named for the state of Virginia, where the holotype was collected. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: female, Falls Church, Virginia, type no. 20484, (USNM) (H 3465). Non- Types: 1 (CMNH), 4 (ESSIG), 17 (MCZ), 11 (INHS), 5 (CAS), 13 (CNC), 1 (UFUC), 3 (UCDC), 39 (FSCA), 54 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Cremnops desertor (Linnaeus) [Plate 11, Figs A���I] Ichneumon desertor Linnaeus, 1758. Female. (BMNH). Ichneumon purgator Fabricius, 1793.Synonymized by Latreille, 1805. Bracon deflagrator Spinola, 1808.Synonymized by Curtis, 1837. Cremnops lemniscatus Enderlein, 1920. Synonymized by Sharkey, 1996. Cremnops atricornis Smith, 1874. Synonymized by Sharkey, 1996. Cremnops alterans Enderlein, 1920. Synonymized by Sharkey, 1996. Cremnops malayensis Bhat, 1979. Synonymized by Sharkey, 2011. Agathis nigritarsus Cameron, 1899. Synonymized by Sharkey, 2011. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its banded fore wing, often yellow or partially yellow stigma, weak or absent sternaulus, lack of trochantellar carina, and interocular carinae usually ending significantly anteriad the lateral ocelli. Description. Holotype: female. NOTE: C. desertor description is based on the specimen (H 8268) collected in the New World that has molecular data, not on the (Old World) holotype specimen on which the rest of the species descriptions are based. Body length 8mm (5���9mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 37���43 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending significantly anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli, or not elevated, lower than lateral ocelli. Malar space 1.0x (0.5 ���1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe not depressed medially (to depressed medially). Notaulus smooth (sometimes weakly foveolate). Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; lobed (to 90 �� to obtuse). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough with (to without) weak longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus absent (or 1���2 pits); about 1 / 3 x length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth (to foveolate). Medial propodeal areola with (2���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3��� 4 x width. Trochantellar carina absent. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws asymmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped. Fore wing (Fig. G). With three hyaline bands, one covering the basal, subbasal and anal cells of the wing, one covering the 1 st submarginal and basal part of the 2 nd discal cell, and one covering the center part of the 3 rd submarginal and 2 nd discal and apical part of the 2 nd subdiscal (varies to one or two hyaline bands; holotype is fore wing is melanic with two hyaline spots); veins some yellow, some melanic (to all melanic); stigma mostly yellow with apical 1 / 8 melanic (basal 1 / 4 to entirely yellow). 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2.5 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except melanic as follows: distal part of hind tibia and tarsus. Biology. Host ���With its many synonymies over the years, C. desertor has a number of recorded hosts. It has been recorded on Sitochroa verticalis (Linnaeus 1758), Eutectona machoeralis (Walker 1859) and Eurhypara hortulata (Linnaeus 1758). Under the name C. atricornis it additionally has the hosts Palpita machaeralis (Walker) and Ostrinia nubilalis (H��bner 1796). All of these host species are members of the family Pyralidae / Crambidae (Yu 2012). There are also a few records from other Lepidoptera families including: Tortricidae: Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus 1758); Sesiidae: Synanthedon spheciformis (Denis & Schiffermuller 1775); and Noctuidae: Euxoa triaena (Kozhantschikov 1929). Considering all other species of Cremnops with known hosts attack Pyralidae / Crambidae members, there is some doubt as to the accuracy of these non-Crambidae host records (Sharkey 1996). Adults Collected ���August (New World only). Geographic Range ���New World: Massachusetts, Ottawa & Hamilton Ontario, & Washington D.C.; throughout the Old World: Sweden to Russia and Japan, south to Malaysia. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Cremnops desertor has been described under many names. The coloration of holotype's wing is quite different (melanic without hyaline bands) from a number of the ���species��� that have been synonymized with it (1���3 hyaline bands). The specimens from the New World more closely resemble the wing color variation seen in the synonymized species C. malayensis or C. lemniscatus. However, molecular analyses based on partial COI data (still in progress: Tucker unpublished) indicate that some of the previously synonymized species may be re-erected in future publications. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops desertor images and literature (LSUK). TYPES: Cremnops alterans, female, 23.11.0 7, Formosa Takawa, H.Sauter S., (MZPW); Cremnops alterans, male, 8.VIII.07, Formosa Takawa, H.Sauter S. (MZPW); Cremnops lemniscatus, female, Sumatra, Soekaranda, Dr. H. Dorhrn S. (2) (MZPW); Cremnops malayensis, female, Malay Penin. West Coast, Langrai Is., April 20 th 1928, (FSCA). Non- Types: 30 (HIC), 2 (CAS), 2 (CNC), 3 (MCZ), 2 (ESSIG). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 50-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022, {"references":["Sharkey, M. J. (1996) The Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Japan. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agro- Environmental Sciences, 13, 1 - 100.","Bhat, S. (1979) Oriental species of Cremnops Foerster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomon, 4 (1), 27 - 39."]}

Cremnops guanicanus Wolcott [Plate 13, Figs A���I] Cremnops guanicanus Wolcott, 1924. Female. (USNM). Cremnops caribensis Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Female. (MCZ). NEW SYNONYMY Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by its sternaulus, which is only a short groove or elongate 1���2 pits, often pale colored scape (75 % of specimens), yellow basal 1 / 3 of stigma, and lack of trochantellar carina. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 6 mm (5.5���6.5 mm). Head (Figs C & F). 34 (32���36) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.8 x (0.7 ���1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse. Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 1���2 pits (or an elongate groove); about 1 / 4 x (or less) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 3 (2���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral margin. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina absent (or present, but weak). Distal tibia with 2 (or 3) spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical. Fore wing (Fig. G). Hyaline, or almost so; veins melanic; stigma melanic with yellow basally. 2 nd submarginal cell about as high as wide. Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 1.5 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except melanic as follows: hind tarsus. Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���March (Puerto Rico), September (Dominican Republic) & October (Mexico). Geographic Range ��� Mexico, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Similar to C. cluttsis and C. wileycoyotius, but they have a hind trochantellar carina whereas C. guanicanus does not. Etymology. Presumably for where it was collected, "Guanicana, Puerto Rico ". Material examined. HOLOTYPE: C. guanicanus, female, Guanica, Puerto Rico, (USNM) (H 8915); Cremnops caribensis, female, Caja de Muertos PR, III- 22���1935, Coll R. Bonrilla, MCZ Type 34999 (MCZ) (H 8912); PARATYPE: 3 (MCZ). Non-Types: 2 (FSCA), 2 (ESSIG), 1 (MNHN). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 53-55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Disophrys szatripennis NEW NAME. Female. Disophrys atripennis (Sz��pligeti 1915). Sharkey et al. 2006. Pseudocremnops atripennis Sz��pligeti 1915. Comments. Disophrys atripennis (Sz��pligeti 1915) is a Jr. homonym of Disophrys atripennis (Sz��pligeti 1914) proposed herein. As such the Jr. Homonym is being renamed as Disophrys szatripennis, the "sz" at the beginning of the name for all of Sz��pligeti's descriptive works. Material examined. LECTOTYPE: Pseudocremnops atripennis, Spanish Guinea, Uelleburg-Benitogebiet. (HNHM)., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, Spring-cleaning of African agathidines: new combinations for five species previously placed in Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 133-138 in Zootaxa 3946 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/244789, {"references":["Sharkey, M. J., Laurenne, N. M., Sharanowski, B., Quicke, D. L. J. & Murray, D. (2006) Revisions of the Agathidinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with comparisons of static and dynamic alignments. Cladistics, 22, 546 - 567. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 0031.2006.00121. x"]}

Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G., Sharkey, Michael J. (2015): A revision of the New World species of Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae). Zootaxa 3916 (1): 1-83, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1

Cremnops ferrugineus (Cameron) [Plate 12, Figs A���I] Agathis ferrugineus Cameron, 1887. Female. Agathis ferruginea Shenefelt, 1970. Synonymized by Berta de Fernandez, 1998. Cremnops turrialbae Berta de Fernandez, 1998. NEW SYNONYMY. Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by the carina on the hind trochantellus, wide subpronopes partition, short malar space, symmetrical hind claw inner teeth, and a couple, often weak, sternaulus pits. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7.5 mm (6���8 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Antennae broken on type specimen, 38���41 flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.7 x (0.7 ���1.0x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition wider than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum. Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially (sometimes weakly). Notaulus foveolate (usually smooth). Scutellar sulcus with 1 longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough without longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 1 (to 4 weak) pit (s); about 1 / 4 x (to 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Medial propodeal areola with (2���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral margin. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 3 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped, with 4 basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). Hyaline with melanic tint; veins melanic; stigma melanic. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide (to as high as wide). Hyaline spot in anterior part of 1 st submarginal cell and basal part of 2 nd discal cell. Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2 x apical width, apical width about 1.5 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except brown as follows: distal hind tibia, 1 st & 2 nd tarsus, most of metasoma (metasoma usually all orange). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Associate Plants ���There are two records of adult specimens collected from coffee leaves, one in Nicaragua, the other in Costa Rica (from label on C. turrialbae holotype). Adults Collected ���May to November. Geographic Range ��� Mexico south to Panama. See map in Appendix II. Comments. This species is closely related to C. virginiensis and is difficult to distinguish morphologically. The most reliable character to separate C. ferrugineus from C. virginiensis is the symmetry of the hind claw inner basal lobe. Cremnops ferrugineus has symmetrical basal teeth, while those of C. virginiensis are asymmetrical. Cremnops ferrugineus is also primarily found in the Neotropical region, whereas C. virginiensis is generally found in the Nearctic region. Cremnops ferrugineus is similar to C. willinki as well, however, C. willinki has a narrow (instead of wide) subpronopes partition. Etymology. Presumably named for its orange-red coloration. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: C. ferrugineus, female, Presidio, Mexico, B.M. Type Hym 3: 624, (BMNH) (H 8913); C. turrialbae, female, coffee, Turrialba, Costa Rica, ix- 26���1952, Emilio Viale, 42���52 ��� 52���13510, (USNM) (H 8922). Non-Types: 34 (HIC), 13 (ESSIG), 16 (MCZ), 8 (CNC), 17 (FSCA), 12 (NMHM). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 52-53, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

Tucker, Erika M., Sharkey, Michael J. (2015): Spring-cleaning of African agathidines: new combinations for five species previously placed in Cremnops Förster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zootaxa 3946 (1): 133-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.7

Disophrys elegantissimus (Sz��pligeti). NEW COMBINATION. Female. [Figure 5] Cremnops elegantissima Sz��pligeti 1908. Comments. Originally described as Cremnops, the holotype clearly belongs in the genus Disophrys with the large, open, propodeal areola, lamellate medial carinae of the frons, and long up-curved sternaulus extending the entire length of the mesopleuron. The specimen is distinctive with an all-black coloration except for the fore wing with the basal 2 / 3 yellow. The holotype is now labeled " Disophrys elegantissimus ". Note: the holotype specimen does not have a special colored type label. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops elagantissimus, Kilimandjaro, Sjostedt., 1905 ���6, 2Jan. Obstgarten Steppe. NHRS-HYME 000005260. (NHRS)., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, Spring-cleaning of African agathidines: new combinations for five species previously placed in Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 133-138 in Zootaxa 3946 (1) on pages 136-137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/244789

Biroia neopulchripennis Tucker, NEW COMBINATION AND NEW NAME. Female. [Figure 2] Secondary homonym Biroia pulchripennis (Sz��pligeti) [original combination = Cremnops pulchripennis Sz��pligeti 1905]; primary homonym Biroia pulchripennis (Cameron 1887) [original combination = Microdus pulchripennis Cameron]. Cremnops pulchripennis Sz��pligeti 1905. Comments. Originally described as Cremnops, the holotype clearly belongs in the genus Biroia as it lacks the notaulus on the mesoscutum, and has a long (rather weak) up-curved sternaulus extending most of the length of the mesopleuron. The fore wing coloration is unusual, with the basal half yellow and a hyaline/yellow spot crossing 3 RSb vein. The name Biroia pulchripennis is occupied (Cameron 1887). Thus the combination Biroia pulchipennis (Sz��pligeti 1905) results in a secondary homonym. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Cremnops pulchripennis, female, Cameroon, Sj��stedt., 10 /10, 71, NHRS- HEVA 000002556. (NHRS)., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, Spring-cleaning of African agathidines: new combinations for five species previously placed in Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 133-138 in Zootaxa 3946 (1) on pages 134-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3946.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/244789

Cremnops nymphius NEW SPECIES [Plate 20, Figs A���I] Diagnosis. This species is distinguished by banded fore wings, carinate hind trochantelli, extremely narrow subpronopes partition and multi-colored antennae. Description. Holotype: female. Body length 7 mm (6.5���7.5 mm). Head (Figs C & F). Forty-two (40���44) flagellomeres. Lateral carina of frons weak, ending immediately anteriad lateral ocellus. Interocellar space not elevated, level with lateral ocelli. Malar space 0.6 x (0.5���0.7 x) eye height. Apical tooth of mandible not extending past margin of basal lobe. Mesosoma (Figs D, E & H). Subpronopes adjacent, separated by a partition narrower than the longitudinal length of the dorsomedial portion of pronotum (varies to partition broken appearing as one large pit). Median mesonotal lobe depressed medially. Notaulus smooth. Scutellar sulcus with 1 (1���3) longitudinal carina. Hind margin of posterolateral scutal flange not prominent; rather: 90 �� to obtuse (to lobed). Mesoscutellar trough without (to with) longitudinal carinae laterally. Metanotal trough without extensive longitudinal carinae laterally. Sternaulus with 3 (1���5 small) pits (or absent); about 1 / 2 x (1 / 3 ��� 1 / 2 x) length of mesopleuron. Discrimen smooth. Medial propodeal areola with 4 (3���4) transverse carinae. Metapleuron rugose on ventral 1 / 3. Hind leg (Fig. I). Femur length about 4 x width. Trochantellar carina present. Distal tibia with 2 (or 3) spines. Inner tooth of inner and outer claws symmetrical, broad, angled quadrangular-shaped, with 5 basal pectines. Fore wing (Fig. G). With 2 hyaline bands, one covering the basal and subbasal cell, and one below the stigma in the 1 st submarginal, 2 nd submarginal, apical 1 st discal and 1 st subdiscal, and basal 2 nd discal cells; veins mostly yellow, some melanic; stigma yellow. 2 nd submarginal cell slightly higher than wide (to as high as wide). Metasoma (Figs A & B). 1 st median tergite length about 2.5 x apical width, apical width about 2 x basal width. Body Color Orange, except melanic as follows: distal (~ 10) and most basal (~ 4) flagellomeres, ventral 1 / 4 of metapleuron, metanotum, propodeum, distal part of hind tibia (varies from mesosoma mostly melanic to all orange). Biology. Host ���Unknown. Adults Collected ���July. Geographic Range ���Durango, Mexico. See map in Appendix II. Comments. Cremnops nymphius is similar to C. desertor with the banded fore wing, however, C. nymphius can easily be separated by the carina on the hind trochantellus (absent in C. desertor), narrow subpronopes partition (compared to wide), and banded (basal and distal flagellomeres melanic, middle yellow) instead of solid-colored antenna. Etymology. Named for its beautiful coloration. Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Mexico, Dgo. 7 mi. W. Durango, 7000 ', 23 July 1964, W.R.M. Mason, (CNC) (H 10748). PARATYPE: (22) two females, twenty males, same collection data (CNC). Non-Types: 2 (CNC), 26 (HIC). For holotype and additional images see Appendix VIII., Published as part of Tucker, Erika M., Chapman, Eric G. & Sharkey, Michael J., 2015, A revision of the New World species of Cremnops F��rster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Agathidinae), pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 3916 (1) on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3916.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23022

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