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The past decade has seen the development of immunotherapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), beginning with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the relapsed and refractory setting and culminating in the market approval of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and bispecific antibodies (BsAbs). The medical community is evaluating the efficacy and safety of these targeted immunotherapies, most of which currently target B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on the surface of plasma cells. Two anti-BCMA CAR-T products are available for treating relapsed or refractory MM: idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) and ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel). Ide-cel and cilta-cel demonstrate the ability to induce deep responses in heavily pretreated diseases, including patients with triple-class-refractory and penta-refractory diseases. However, there are key similarities and differences regarding these agents, unknowns regarding their comparative efficacy and toxicity, and mechanisms underlying resistance to these new immunotherapies. This review discusses CAR-T cell therapy in relapsed refractory MM, with a focus on efficacy, toxicities, and the evolving trajectories of these therapies in the USA, as well as access in Turkey.

Phase 3 trials Viale-A and Viale-C evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with AML unfit for intensive chemotherapy who received venetoclax (VEN) + (AZA) (Viale-A) or low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) (Viale-C) or placebo (PBO) + AZA or LDAC. Patient-reported outcomes included: EORTC QLQ-C30 global health status (GHS/QoL) and physical functioning (PF), PROMIS Cancer Fatigue Short Form 7a (Fatigue), and EQ-5D-5L health status visual analog scale (HS-VAS). Time to deterioration (TTD), defined as worsening from baseline in meaningful change thresholds (MCT) of ≥10, 5, or 7 points for GHS/QoL or PF, fatigue, and HS-VAS, respectively, was assessed; differences between groups were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and unadjusted log-rank analyses. VEN + AZA vs PBO + AZA patients had longer TTD in GHS/QoL (P = 0.066) and fatigue (P = 0.189), and significantly longer TTD in PF (P = 0.028) and HS-VAS (P MCT in GHS/QoL. Overall, VEN may positively impact HRQoL in patients with AML ineligible for intensive chemotherapy, leading to longer preservation of functioning and overall health status.

INTRODUCTION: Daratumumab is a CD38-targeting monoclonal antibody that has demonstrated clinical benefit for multiple myeloma. Daratumumab inhibition of CD38, which is expressed on immune cell populations and cardiomyocytes, could potentially affect cardiac function. This QTc substudy of the phase 2 CENTAURUS study investigated the potential effect of intravenous daratumumab monotherapy on QTc prolongation and other electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, including concentration-QTc effect modeling. METHODS: Patients had intermediate- or high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma. Patients with QT interval corrected by Fridericias formula (QTcF) > 470 ms, QRS interval ≥ 110 ms, or PR interval ≥ 200 ms were excluded. Triplicate ECGs were collected at screening, Dose 1, and Dose 8. Analyses of on-treatment ECGs were conducted with a time-matched baseline (primary analysis). By time-point, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), and outlier analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Of 123 patients in CENTAURUS, 31 were enrolled in the QTc substudy. Daratumumab produced a small increase in heart rate (5-12 beats per minute) of unclear significance. There was a small but clinically insignificant effect on QTc, as measured by both time-matched time-point and PK/PD analyses. The primary analysis demonstrated a maximum mean increase in QTcF of 9.1 ms (90% 2-sided upper confidence interval [CI], 14.1 ms). The primary PK/PD analysis predicted a maximum QTcF increase of 8.5 ms (90% 2-sided upper CI, 13.5 ms). No patient had an abnormal U wave, a new QTcF > 500 ms, or > 60 ms change from baseline for QTcF. CONCLUSION: Analysis of ECG intervals and concentration-QTc relationships showed a small but clinically insignificant effect of daratumumab. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02316106.

In this study, the variables having impact on the student motivation have been analyzed based on the articles, conference papers, master's theses and doctoral dissertations published in the years 2000-2017. A total of 165 research papers were selected for the research material and the data were collected through qualitative research techniques through document review and content analysis. According to the research results, the most important factors affecting student motivation are the fields of teacher, teachers' classroom management skills and their teaching methods. In this research, factors having less influence on the student motivation are parental communication, student characteristics and study fields. In addition, relational search type was used more than others, mostly students were selected as the study group and most researches were conducted in USA and Turkey.

Aim: Coeliac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy that develops upon ingestion of food containing gluten. The established link between ABO blood groups and numerous infectious and non‐infectious illnesses prompted this investigation into blood group distribution and its relationship with dietary compliance among children diagnosed with CD. Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with CD who were followed for ≥1 year at the paediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic of our hospital were evaluated. History, physical examination and coeliac serology results were reviewed for each patient. Patients were divided into two groups based on self‐reported compliance to a gluten‐free diet: diet‐adherent and non‐diet‐adherent. Patient and control groups were examined in terms of ABO blood groups. Results: A total of 177 patients with CD were included in the study. A control group of 211 age‐ and sex‐matched children without any chronic disease who had undergone blood group testing for various reasons was included for comparison. A total of 65% (n = 115) of the patients were girls, and 35% (n = 62) were boys. No significant relationship was found between CD diagnosis and ABO blood groups among patients (P = 0.559). Furthermore, the dietary compliance status of the patients was not associated with any specific blood group (P = 0.951). Conclusion: No notable difference was found between patients with CD with or without gluten‐free diet compliance in terms of the distribution of ABO blood groups and Rhesus (Rh) factor. Therefore, it can be inferred that all blood groups and subgroups carry an equal risk for CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to evaluate ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation versus conventional digital palpation techniques in terms of first-trial success, number of attempts, intervention time, and complication rates. Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, controlled study. The study included 44 patients and divided into two groups: Group US (ultrasound guided cannulation group) and Group P (palpation cannulation group). Demographic data and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Procedure time, number of cannulas used, success rate on the first attempt, complications and number of attempts were analyzed in both groups. Results: Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were similar between the groups. In the ultrasound-guided cannulation group, the cannulation time was significantly shorter (p=0.023), the success rate on the first attempt was higher (p=0.042), the number of cannulas used was lower (p=0.030), and the number of attempts was lower (p=0.039) compared to the palpation method. However, complication rates were similar between both groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that ultrasound-guided radial artery cannulation is superior to digital palpation with higher first-trial success, shorter procedure time, and less cannula use. The results support the standardization of ultrasound-guided cannulation in larger populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]