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Textile batteries are of utmost interest for the emerging field of electronic textiles. Several research groups work on this topic, developing either fiber-based batteries or planar alternatives, e.g. by coating textile fabrics with metallic electrodes and an electrolyte between them. Since usual non-toxic electrolytes are fluid, using them in a textile battery necessitates gelling them or embedding them in a sponge-like matrix to avoid diffusion through the textile electrodes. Here we report on measurements of textile batteries, prepared from different conductive woven fabrics with a nanofiber mat as an interlayer filled with iodine-triiodide solution. Firstly, the highest voltages were achieved combining metal electrodes with a carbon electrode, showing that the electrolyte in this system is part of the redox system. Second, the metal electrodes were destroyed after short times, suggesting that iodine-triiodide is not an ideal choice for an electrolyte, although this material is often used. Finally, we show that even without setting up the complete battery, the electrolyte slowly destroys the metal layers, while it is itself degraded by photo-oxidation, underlining the necessity to find non-toxic, environmentally-friendly alternatives for iodine-triiodide to enable long-term storage. Assuming non-solid state for electrolytes, the level of their confinement by different types of corrugated materials was tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the structural situation of beekeeping enterprises was investigated in Konya province. In the research, data were obtained through a survey of 45 beekeeping enterprises selected by stratified random sampling method. According to the results, It it was determined that 56% of business managers engaged in beekeeping are in the age group between 26-45, 40% of them are primary school graduates, 64.44% have more than 10 years of relevant experience in beekeeping, 51.11% of them receive knowledge through the a source of information about beekeeping courses. With regard to the structural situation of enterprises, enterprises in all types use Langstroth type of hives, which is 57.77% of the enterprises' have 7-8 frame holding hives, 46.66% of the beekeepers raise their queens in their enterprises, majority of the beekepers that are 96% migratory beekepers, 55.55% of them suffer from varroa diseases, 60% of them harvest their honey between 15 July to 15 August, 75.55% of them received 20-30 kg honey per hive, 51.11% of them sell their honey sold to wholesalers, 57.78% of beekepers address the basic problem as the main concerns of the sector as marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]