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1. Effect of priming interval on reactogenicity, peak immunological response, and waning after homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccine schedules: exploratory analyses of Com-COV, a randomised control trial

Author

Munro, Alasdair P.S., Bartholomew, Jazz, Presland, Laura, Horswill, Sarah, Warren, Sarah, Varkonyi-Clifford, Sophie, Saich, Stephen, Adams, Kirsty, Ricamara, Marivic, Turner, Nicola, Yee Ting, Nicole Y., Whittley, Sarah, Rampling, Tommy, Desai, Amisha, Brown, Claire H., Qureshi, Ehsaan, Gokani, Karishma, Naker, Kush, Kellett Wright, Johanna K., Williams, Rachel L., Riaz, Tawassal, Penciu, Florentina D., Carson, Amy, Di Maso, Claudio, Mead, Gracie, Howe, Elizabeth G., Vichos, Iason, Ghulam Farooq, Mujtaba, Noristani, Rabiullah, Yao, Xin L., Oldfield, Neil J., Hammersley, Daniel, Belton, Sue, Royal, Simon, San Francisco Ramos, Alberto, Hultin, Cecilia, Galiza, Eva P., Crook, Rebecca, Bula, Marcin, Fyles, Fred, Burhan, Hassan, Maelin, Flora, Hughes, Elen, Okenyi, Emmanuel, Shaw, Robert H, Liu, Xinxue, Stuart, Arabella S V, Greenland, Melanie, Aley, Parvinder K, Andrews, Nick J, Cameron, J Claire, Charlton, Sue, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, Collins, Andrea M, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, Dinesh, Tanya, Faust, Saul N, Ferreira, Daniela M, Finn, Adam, Green, Christopher A, Hallis, Bassam, Heath, Paul T, Hill, Helen, Lambe, Teresa, Lazarus, Rajeka, Libri, Vincenzo, Long, Fei, Mujadidi, Yama F, Plested, Emma L, Morey, Ella R, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, Ramsay, Mary, Read, Robert C, Robinson, Hannah, Screaton, Gavin R, Singh, Nisha, Turner, David P J, Turner, Paul J, Walker, Laura L, White, Rachel, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, and Snape, Matthew D

Published
2022
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2. Immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 primary vaccination incorporating mRNA, viral-vector, and protein-adjuvant vaccines in the UK (Com-COV2): a single-blind, randomised, phase 2, non-inferiority trial

Author

Stuart, Arabella S V, Shaw, Robert H, Liu, Xinxue, Greenland, Melanie, Aley, Parvinder K, Andrews, Nick J, Cameron, J C, Charlton, Sue, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, Collins, Andrea M, Darton, Tom, Dinesh, Tanya, Duncan, Christopher J A, England, Anna, Faust, Saul N, Ferreira, Daniela M, Finn, Adam, Goodman, Anna L, Green, Christopher A, Hallis, Bassam, Heath, Paul T, Hill, Helen, Horsington, Bryn M, Lambe, Teresa, Lazarus, Rajeka, Libri, Vincenzo, Lillie, Patrick J, Mujadidi, Yama F, Payne, Ruth, Plested, Emma L, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, Ramsay, Mary, Read, Robert C, Robinson, Hannah, Screaton, Gavin R, Singh, Nisha, Turner, David P J, Turner, Paul J, Vichos, Iason, White, Rachel, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, and Snape, Matthew D

Published
2022
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3. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with an adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Com-COV): a single-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial

Author

Munro, Alasdair P S, Bartholomew, Jazz, Presland, Laura, Horswill, Sarah, Warren, Sarah, Varkonyi-Clifford, Sophie, Saich, Stephen, Adams, Kirsty, Ricamara, Marivic, Turner, Nicola, Yee Ting, Nicole Y, Whittley, Sarah, Rampling, Tommy, Desai, Amisha, Brown, Claire H, Qureshi, Ehsaan, Gokani, Karishma, Naker, Kush, Kellett Wright, Johanna K, Williams, Rachel L, Riaz, Tawassal, Penciu, Florentina D, Di Maso, Claudio, Howe, Elizabeth G, Vichos, Iason, Ghulam Farooq, Mujtaba, Noristani, Rabiullah, Yao, Xin L, Oldfield, Neil J, Hammersley, Daniel, Belton, Sue, Royal, Simon, San Francisco Ramos, Alberto, Hultin, Cecilia, Galiza, Eva P, Shiham, Farah, Solórzano, Carla, Sainsbury, Hannah, Davies, Kelly, Ambrose, Pauline, Hitchins, Lisa, Baker, Natalie, Leung, Stephanie, Fothergill, Ross, Godwin, Kerry, Buttigieg, Karen, Shaik, Imam, Brown, Phill, Knight, Chanice, Lall, Paminder, Allen, Lauren, Liu, Xinxue, Shaw, Robert H, Stuart, Arabella S V, Greenland, Melanie, Aley, Parvinder K, Andrews, Nick J, Cameron, J Claire, Charlton, Sue, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, Collins, Andrea M, Dinesh, Tanya, England, Anna, Faust, Saul N, Ferreira, Daniela M, Finn, Adam, Green, Christopher A, Hallis, Bassam, Heath, Paul T, Hill, Helen, Lambe, Teresa, Lazarus, Rajeka, Libri, Vincenzo, Long, Fei, Mujadidi, Yama F, Plested, Emma L, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, Ramsay, Mary, Read, Robert C, Robinson, Hannah, Singh, Nisha, Turner, David P J, Turner, Paul J, Walker, Laura L, White, Rachel, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, and Snape, Matthew D

Published
2021
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7. Effect of priming interval on reactogenicity, peak immunological response, and waning after homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccine schedules: exploratory analyses of Com-COV, a randomised control trial

Author

Shaw, Robert H, primary, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Stuart, Arabella S V, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Andrews, Nick J, additional, Cameron, J Claire, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Heath, Paul T, additional, Hill, Helen, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Long, Fei, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Plested, Emma L, additional, Morey, Ella R, additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Read, Robert C, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Screaton, Gavin R, additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Turner, Paul J, additional, Vichos, Iason, additional, Walker, Laura L, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Munro, Alasdair P.S., additional, Bartholomew, Jazz, additional, Presland, Laura, additional, Horswill, Sarah, additional, Warren, Sarah, additional, Varkonyi-Clifford, Sophie, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Turner, Nicola, additional, Yee Ting, Nicole Y., additional, Whittley, Sarah, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Desai, Amisha, additional, Brown, Claire H., additional, Qureshi, Ehsaan, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Kellett Wright, Johanna K., additional, Williams, Rachel L., additional, Riaz, Tawassal, additional, Penciu, Florentina D., additional, Carson, Amy, additional, Di Maso, Claudio, additional, Mead, Gracie, additional, Howe, Elizabeth G., additional, Ghulam Farooq, Mujtaba, additional, Noristani, Rabiullah, additional, Yao, Xin L., additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, San Francisco Ramos, Alberto, additional, Hultin, Cecilia, additional, Galiza, Eva P., additional, Crook, Rebecca, additional, Bula, Marcin, additional, Fyles, Fred, additional, Burhan, Hassan, additional, Maelin, Flora, additional, Hughes, Elen, additional, and Okenyi, Emmanuel, additional

Published
2022
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8. Human leukocyte antigen alleles associate with COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity and risk of breakthrough infection

Author

Mentzer, Alexander J., O’connor, Daniel, Bibi, Sagida, Chelysheva, Irina, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A., Demissie, Tesfaye, Dinesh, Tanya, Edwards, Nick J., Felle, Sally, Feng, Shuo, Flaxman, Amy L., Karp-tatham, Eleanor, Li, Grace, Liu, Xinxue, Marchevsky, Natalie, Godfrey, Leila, Makinson, Rebecca, Bull, Maireid B., Fowler, Jamie, Alamad, Bana, Malinauskas, Tomas, Chong, Amanda Y., Sanders, Katherine, Shaw, Robert H., Voysey, Merryn, Cavey, Ana, Minassian, Angela, Stuart, Arabella, Khozoee, Baktash, Hanumunthadu, Brama, Angus, Brian, Smith, Catherine C., Turnbull, Iain, Kwok, Jonathan, Emary, Katherine R. W., Cifuentes, Liliana, Ramasamy, Maheshi N., Cicconi, Paola, Finn, Adam, Mcgregor, Alastair C., Collins, Andrea M., Smith, Andrew, Goodman, Anna L., Green, Christopher A., Duncan, Christopher J. A., Williams, Christopher J. A., Ferreira, Daniela M., Turner, David P. J., Thomson, Emma C., Faust, Saul N., and Group, Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial Genetics Study Team

Subjects
General Medicine, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine immunogenicity varies between individuals, and immune responses correlate with vaccine efficacy. Using data from 1,076 participants enrolled in ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine efficacy trials in the United Kingdom, we found that inter-individual variation in normalized antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) at 28 days after first vaccination shows genome-wide significant association with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles. The most statistically significant association with higher levels of anti-RBD antibody was HLA-DQB1*06 (P = 3.2 × 10−9), which we replicated in 1,677 additional vaccinees. Individuals carrying HLA-DQB1*06 alleles were less likely to experience PCR-confirmed breakthrough infection during the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and subsequent Alpha variant waves compared to non-carriers (hazard ratio = 0.63, 0.42–0.93, P = 0.02). We identified a distinct spike-derived peptide that is predicted to bind differentially to HLA-DQB1*06 compared to other similar alleles, and we found evidence of increased spike-specific memory B cell responses in HLA-DQB1*06 carriers at 84 days after first vaccination. Our results demonstrate association of HLA type with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine antibody response and risk of breakthrough infection, with implications for future vaccine design and implementation.

Published
2022

9. Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial

Author

Read, Robert C, Baxter, David, Chadwick, David R, Faust, Saul N, Finn, Adam, Gordon, Stephen B, Heath, Paul T, Lewis, David J M, Pollard, Andrew J, Turner, David P J, Bazaz, Rohit, Ganguli, Amitava, Havelock, Tom, Neal, Keith R, Okike, Ifeanyichukwu O, Morales-Aza, Begonia, Patel, Kamlesh, Snape, Matthew D, Williams, John, Gilchrist, Stefanie, Gray, Steve J, Maiden, Martin C J, Toneatto, Daniela, Wang, Huajun, McCarthy, Maggie, Dull, Peter M, and Borrow, Ray

Published
2014
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10. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with an adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Com-COV): a single-blind, randomised, non-inferiority trial

Author

Liu, Xinxue, primary, Shaw, Robert H, additional, Stuart, Arabella S V, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Andrews, Nick J, additional, Cameron, J Claire, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, England, Anna, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Heath, Paul T, additional, Hill, Helen, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Long, Fei, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Plested, Emma L, additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Ramsay, Mary, additional, Read, Robert C, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Turner, Paul J, additional, Walker, Laura L, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Munro, Alasdair P S, additional, Bartholomew, Jazz, additional, Presland, Laura, additional, Horswill, Sarah, additional, Warren, Sarah, additional, Varkonyi-Clifford, Sophie, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Turner, Nicola, additional, Yee Ting, Nicole Y, additional, Whittley, Sarah, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Desai, Amisha, additional, Brown, Claire H, additional, Qureshi, Ehsaan, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Kellett Wright, Johanna K, additional, Williams, Rachel L, additional, Riaz, Tawassal, additional, Penciu, Florentina D, additional, Di Maso, Claudio, additional, Howe, Elizabeth G, additional, Vichos, Iason, additional, Ghulam Farooq, Mujtaba, additional, Noristani, Rabiullah, additional, Yao, Xin L, additional, Oldfield, Neil J, additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, San Francisco Ramos, Alberto, additional, Hultin, Cecilia, additional, Galiza, Eva P, additional, Shiham, Farah, additional, Solórzano, Carla, additional, Sainsbury, Hannah, additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, Ambrose, Pauline, additional, Hitchins, Lisa, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Fothergill, Ross, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Buttigieg, Karen, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Brown, Phill, additional, Knight, Chanice, additional, Lall, Paminder, additional, and Allen, Lauren, additional

Published
2021
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11. T-cell mediated immunity after AZD1222 vaccination: A polyfunctional spike-specific Th1 response with a diverse TCR repertoire

Author

Swanson, Phillip A., Padilla, Marcelino, Hoyland, Wesley, McGlinchey, Kelly, Fields, Paul A., Bibi, Sagida, Faust, Saul N., McDermott, Adrian B., Lambe, Teresa, Pollard, Andrew J., Durham, Nicholas M., Kelly, Elizabeth J., Adlou, Syed, Aley, Parvinder K., Angus, Brian, Anslow, Rachel, Baker, Philip, Bansal, Himanshu, Beveridge, Amy, Bridges-Webb, Alice, Ching, Steven, Cicconi, Paola, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A., Collins, Andrea M., Darton, Thomas C., Demissie, Tesfaye, Dinesh, Tanya, Douglas, Alexander D., Duncan, Christopher J. A., Ewer, Katie J., Felle, Sally, Finn, Adam, Folegatti, Pedro M., Fuskova, Michelle, Gilbert, Sarah C., Goodman, Anna, Green, Christopher A., Harbolick, Elizabeth, Hart, Thomas C., Hayes, Susana, Hill, Adrian V. S., Jenkin, Daniel, Jepson, Brett M., Kasanyinga, Mwila, Kerridge, Simon, Libri, Vincenzo, Lillie, Patrick J., McGregor, Alastair C., Minassian, Angela M., Mujadidi, Yama F., Pilataxi, Fernanda, Plested, Emma, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, Ramasamy, Maheshi, Robinson, Hannah, Sanders, Katherine, Smith, Andrew, Snape, Matthew D., Song, Rinn, Sutherland, Rebecca K., Thomson, Emma C., Toshner, Mark, Turner, David P. J., Voysey, Merryn, and Williams, Christopher J.

Subjects
COVID-19 Vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, Immunogenicity, T cell, Vaccination, T-cell receptor, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, COVID-19, Biology, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, Article, T cell mediated immunity, medicine.anatomical_structure, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Immunology, medicine, Humans, Receptor, CD8
Abstract

AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), a replication-deficient simian adenovirus-vectored vaccine, has demonstrated safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in clinical trials and real-world studies. We characterized CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses induced by AZD1222 vaccination in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 280 unique vaccine recipients aged 18–85 years who enrolled in the phase 2/3 COV002 trial. Total spike-specific CD4+ T cell helper type 1 (Th1) and CD8+ T-cell responses were significantly increased in AZD1222-vaccinated adults of all ages following two doses of AZD1222. CD4+ Th2 responses following AZD1222 vaccination were not detected. Furthermore, AZD1222-specific Th1 and CD8+ T cells both displayed a high degree of polyfunctionality in all adult age groups. T-cell receptor (TCR) β sequences from vaccinated participants mapped against TCR sequences known to react to SARS-CoV-2 revealed substantial breadth and depth across the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for the AZD1222-induced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. Overall, AZD1222 vaccination induced a robust, polyfunctional Th1-dominated T-cell response, with broad CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell coverage across the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.One Sentence SummaryPolyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses are elicited against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein following vaccination with AZD1222

Published
2021

13. Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern 202012/01 (B.1.1.7): an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Author

Emary, Katherine R W, primary, Golubchik, Tanya, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Ariani, Cristina V, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Blane, Beth, additional, Bonsall, David, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Flaxman, Amy L, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Heath, Paul T, additional, Hay, Jodie, additional, Hill, Helen C, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Ludden, Catherine, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair C, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Phillips, Daniel J, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Voysey, Merryn, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, and Pollard, Andrew J, additional

Published
2021
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14. Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Costa Clemens, Sue Ann, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Weckx, Lily Y, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L, additional, Bhorat, Qasim E, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Emary, Katherine R W, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen C, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Joe, Carina C D, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G, additional, Marshall, Richard P, additional, Mendes, Ana V A, additional, Milan, Eveline P, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Padayachee, Sherman D, additional, Phillips, Daniel J, additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Ritchie, Adam J, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Török, M Estée, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, White, Thomas, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Aban, Marites, additional, Abeyskera, Kushala W.M., additional, Aboagye, Jeremy, additional, Adam, Matthew, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Adamson, James P., additional, Adewatan, Gbadebo, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akhalwaya, Saajida, additional, Alcock, Andrew, additional, Ali, Aabidah, additional, Allen, Elizabeth R., additional, Allen, Lauren, additional, Alvernaz, Felipe B., additional, Amorim, Fabio Santos, additional, Andrade, Claudia Sala, additional, Andritsou, Foteini, additional, Anslow, Rachel, additional, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., additional, Ariaans, Mark P., additional, Arns, Beatriz, additional, Arruda, Laiana, additional, Assad, Luiza, additional, Azi, Paula De Almeida, additional, Azi, Lorena De Almeida, additional, Babbage, Gavin, additional, Bailey, Catherine, additional, Baker, Kenneth F., additional, Baker, Megan, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Baker, Philip, additional, Baleanu, Ioana, additional, Bandeira, Danieli, additional, Bara, Anna, additional, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., additional, Barker, Debbie, additional, Barlow, Gavin D., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Barr, Andrew S., additional, Barrett, Jordan R., additional, Barrett, Jessica, additional, Barrett, Kelly, additional, Bates, Louise, additional, Batten, Alexander, additional, Beadon, Kirsten, additional, Beales, Emily, additional, Beckley, Rebecca, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Bell, Jonathan, additional, Bellamy, Duncan, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Berg, Adam, additional, Bermejo, Laura, additional, Berrie, Eleanor, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Berzenyi, Daniella, additional, Beveridge, Amy, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Bharaj, Inderjeet, additional, Bhikha, Sutika, additional, Bhorat, Asad E., additional, Bhorat, Zaheda E., additional, Bijker, Else Margreet, additional, Birch, Sarah, additional, Birch, Gurpreet, additional, Birchall, Kathryn, additional, Bird, Adam, additional, Bird, Olivia, additional, Bisnauthsing, Karen, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Blackwell, Luke, additional, Blacow, Rachel, additional, Bletchly, Heather, additional, Blundell, Caitlin L., additional, Blundell, Susannah R., additional, Bodalia, Pritesh, additional, Bolam, Emma, additional, Boland, Elena, additional, Bormans, Daan, additional, Borthwick, Nicola, additional, Bowring, Francesca, additional, Boyd, Amy, additional, Bradley, Penny, additional, Brenner, Tanja, additional, Bridges-Webb, Alice, additional, Brown, Phillip, additional, Brown, Claire, additional, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, additional, Bruce, Scott, additional, Brunt, Emily, additional, Budd, William, additional, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., additional, Bull, Melanie, additional, Burbage, Jamie, additional, Burn, Aileen, additional, Buttigieg, Karen R., additional, Byard, Nicholas, additional, Cabrera Puig, Ingrid, additional, Calvert, Anna, additional, Camara, Susana, additional, Cao, Michelangelo, additional, Cappuccini, Federica, additional, Cardona, Rita, additional, Cardoso, João R., additional, Carr, Melanie, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, additional, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., additional, Casey, Helen R., additional, Cashen, Paul, additional, Castro, Thais R.Y., additional, Castro, Lucia Carratala, additional, Cathie, Katrina, additional, Cavey, Ana, additional, Cerbino-Neto, José, additional, Cezar, Luiz Fernando F., additional, Chadwick, Jim, additional, Chanice, Chanice, additional, Chapman, David, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Cheliotis, Katerina S., additional, Chelysheva, Irina, additional, Chester, Oliver, additional, Chiplin, Emily, additional, Chita, Sunder, additional, Cho, Jee-Sun, additional, Cifuentes, Liliana, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Clark, Matthew, additional, Colin-Jones, Rachel, additional, Collins, Sarah L.K., additional, Colton, Hayley, additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Connarty, Sean, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Cooper, Cushla, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Cornelissen, Lynne, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine A., additional, Costa, Fernanda Barroso, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Crocker, Wendy E.M., additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cullen, Dan, additional, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., additional, Cunningham, Christina J., additional, Cuthbertson, Fiona C., additional, da Costa, Daniel Marinho, additional, Da Guarda, Suzete N. Farias, additional, da Silva, Larissa P., additional, da Silva Moraes, Antonio Carlos, additional, Damratoski, Brad E., additional, Danos, Zsofia, additional, Dantas, Maria T.D.C., additional, Datoo, Mehreen S., additional, Datta, Chandrabali, additional, Davids, Malika, additional, Davies, Sarah L., additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, Davies, Hannah, additional, Davies, Sophie, additional, Davies, Judith, additional, Davis, Elizabeth J., additional, Davis, John, additional, de Carvalho, José A.M., additional, De Jager, Jeanne, additional, de Jesus Jnr, Sergio, additional, De Oliveira Kalid, Lis Moreno, additional, Dearlove, David, additional, Demissie, Tesfaye, additional, Desai, Amisha, additional, Di Marco, Stefania, additional, Di Maso, Claudio, additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, Docksey, Claire, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Donnellan, Francesca R., additional, Dos Santos, Tannyth Gomes, additional, Dos Santos, Thainá G., additional, Dos Santos, Erika Pachecho, additional, Douglas, Naomi, additional, Downing, Charlotte, additional, Drake, Jonathan, additional, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, additional, Drury, Ruth, additional, Du Plessis, Joan, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Duncan, Andrew, additional, Easom, Nicholas J.W., additional, Edwards, Mandy, additional, Edwards, Nick J., additional, Edwards, Frances, additional, El Muhanna, Omar M., additional, Elias, Sean C., additional, Ellison-Handley, Branwen, additional, Elmore, Michael J., additional, English, Marcus Rex, additional, Esmail, Alisgair, additional, Essack, Yakub Moosa, additional, Farooq, Mutjaba, additional, Fedosyuk, Sofiya, additional, Felle, Sally, additional, Ferguson, Susie, additional, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, additional, Field, Samantha, additional, Fisher, Richard, additional, Fletcher, James, additional, Fofie, Hazel, additional, Fok, Henry, additional, Ford, Karen J., additional, Fothergill, Ross, additional, Fowler, Jamie, additional, Fraiman, Pedro H.A., additional, Francis, Emma, additional, Franco, Marilia M., additional, Frater, John, additional, Freire, Marilúcia S.M., additional, Fry, Samantha H., additional, Fudge, Sabrina, additional, Furlan Filho, Renato, additional, Furze, Julie, additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galian-Rubio, Pablo, additional, Garlant, Harriet, additional, Gavrila, Madita, additional, Gibbons, Karyna A., additional, Gilbride, Ciaran, additional, Gill, Hardeep, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gokani, Karishma, additional, Gonçalves, Maria Luisa Freire, additional, Gonzalez, Isabela G.S., additional, Goodall, Jack, additional, Goodwin, Jayne, additional, Goondiwala, Amina, additional, Gordon-Quayle, Katherine, additional, Gorini, Giacomo, additional, Goyanna, Alvaro, additional, Grab, Janet, additional, Gracie, Lara, additional, Green, Justin, additional, Greenwood, Nicola, additional, Greffrath, Johann, additional, Groenewald, Marisa M., additional, Gunawardene, Anishka, additional, Gupta, Gaurav, additional, Hackett, Mark, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Hamaluba, Mainga, additional, Hamilton, Elizabeth, additional, Hamlyn, Joseph, additional, Hammersley, Daniel, additional, Hanrath, Aidan T., additional, Hanumunthadu, Brama, additional, Harris, Stephanie A., additional, Harris, Clair, additional, Harrison, Thomas D., additional, Harrison, Daisy, additional, Harris-Wright, Tara A., additional, Hart, Thomas C., additional, Hartnell, Birgit, additional, Haughney, John, additional, Hawkins, Sophia, additional, Hayano, Laís Y.M., additional, Head, Ian, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Henry, John Aaron, additional, Hermosin Herrera, Macarena, additional, Hettle, David B., additional, Higa, Cristhiane, additional, Hill, Jennifer, additional, Hodges, Gina, additional, Hodgson, Susanne, additional, Horne, Elizea, additional, Hou, Mimi M., additional, Houlihan, Catherine F., additional, Howe, Elizabeth, additional, Howell, Nicola, additional, Humphreys, Jonathan, additional, Humphries, Holly E., additional, Hurley, Katrina, additional, Huson, Claire, additional, Hyams, Catherine, additional, Hyder-Wright, Angela, additional, Ikram, Sabina, additional, Ishwarbhai, Alka, additional, Iveson, Poppy, additional, Iyer, Vidyashankara, additional, Jackson, Frederic, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jaumdally, Shameem, additional, Jeffers, Helen, additional, Jesudason, Natasha, additional, Jones, Carina, additional, Jones, Christopher, additional, Jones, Kathryn, additional, Jones, Elizabeth, additional, Jorge, Marianna Rocha, additional, Joshi, Amar, additional, Júnior, Eduardo A.M.S., additional, Kailath, Reshma, additional, Kana, Faeeza, additional, Kar, Arnab, additional, Karampatsas, Konstantinos, additional, Kasanyinga, Mwila, additional, Kay, Linda, additional, Keen, Jade, additional, Kellett Wright, Johanna, additional, Kelly, Elizabeth J., additional, Kelly, Debbie, additional, Kelly, Dearbhla M., additional, Kelly, Sarah, additional, Kerr, David, additional, Khan, Liaquat, additional, Khozoee, Baktash, additional, Khurana, Ankush, additional, Kidd, Sarah, additional, Killen, Annabel, additional, Kinch, Jasmin, additional, Kinch, Patrick, additional, King, Lloyd D.W., additional, King, Thomas B., additional, Kingham, Lucy, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Kluczna, Diana M., additional, Knapper, Francesca, additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Knott, Daniel, additional, Koleva, Stanislava, additional, Lages, Pedro M., additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Lang, Gail, additional, Larkworthy, Colin W., additional, Larwood, Jessica P.J., additional, Law, Rebecca, additional, Lawrie, Alison M., additional, Lazarus, Erica M., additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Lees, Emily A., additional, Lelliott, Alice, additional, Lemm, Nana-Marie, additional, Lessa, Alvaro Edson Ramos, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Li, Yuanyuan, additional, Lias, Amelia M., additional, Liatsikos, Konstantinos, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Lipworth, Samuel, additional, Liu, Shuchang, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Lloyd, Adam, additional, Lloyd, Stephanie, additional, Loew, Lisa, additional, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, additional, Lora, Leandro Bonecker, additional, Luz, Kleber Giovanni, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan C., additional, MacGregor, Gordon, additional, Madhavan, Meera, additional, Mainwaring, David O., additional, Makambwa, Edson, additional, Makinson, Rebecca, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Malamatsho, Ross, additional, Mallett, Garry, additional, Manning, Nicola, additional, Mansatta, Kushal, additional, Maoko, Takalani, additional, Marinou, Spyridoula, additional, Marlow, Emma, additional, Marques, Gabriela N., additional, Marriott, Paula, additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Marshall, Julia L., additional, Masenya, Masebole, additional, Masilela, Mduduzi, additional, Masters, Shauna K., additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Matlebjane, Hosea, additional, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, additional, Mazur, Olga, additional, Mazzella, Andrea, additional, McCaughan, Hugh, additional, McEwan, Joanne, additional, McGlashan, Joanna, additional, McInroy, Lorna, additional, McRobert, Nicky, additional, McSwiggan, Steve, additional, Megson, Clare, additional, Mehdipour, Savviz, additional, Meijs, Wilma, additional, Mendonça, Renata N.Õ., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Mesquita, Ana Carolina F., additional, Miralhes, Patricia, additional, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, additional, Mitton, Celia, additional, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, additional, Moghaddas, Fiona, additional, Molapo, Kgaogelo, additional, Moloi, Mapule, additional, Moore, Maria, additional, Moran, Marni, additional, Morey, Ella, additional, Morgans, Róisín, additional, Morris, Susan J., additional, Morris, Sheila, additional, Morrison, Hazel, additional, Morselli, Franca, additional, Morshead, Gertraud, additional, Morter, Richard, additional, Mottay, Lynelle, additional, Moultrie, Andrew, additional, Moyo, Nathifa, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Msomi, Sibekezelo, additional, Mugodi, Yvonne, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, additional, Muller, Jilly, additional, Munro, Alasdair, additional, Murphy, Sarah, additional, Mweu, Philomena, additional, Myerscough, Christopher, additional, Naik, Gurudutt, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Ndlovu, Bongani, additional, Nikolaou, Elissavet, additional, Njenga, Cecilia, additional, Noal, Helena C., additional, Noé, Andrés, additional, Novaes, Gabrielle, additional, Nugent, Fay L., additional, Nunes, Géssika Lanzillo A., additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, O'Connor, Daniel, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Oguti, Blanche, additional, Olchawski, Victoria, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Oliveira, Marianne G., additional, Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Oliveira, Isabelle Silva Queiroz, additional, Oommen-Jose, Aylin, additional, Oosthuizen, Angela, additional, O'Reilly, Paula, additional, O'Reilly, Peter J., additional, Osborne, Piper, additional, Owen, David R.J., additional, Owen, Lydia, additional, Owens, Daniel, additional, Owino, Nelly, additional, Pacurar, Mihaela, additional, Paiva, Brenda V.B., additional, Palhares, Edna M.F., additional, Palmer, Susan, additional, Parracho, Helena M. R.T., additional, Parsons, Karen, additional, Patel, Dipak, additional, Patel, Bhumika, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Patrick-Smith, Maia, additional, Payne, Ruth O., additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Penn, Elizabeth J., additional, Pennington, Anna, additional, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, additional, Pereira Stuchi, Bruno Pereira, additional, Perez, Ana Luiza, additional, Perinpanathan, Tanaraj, additional, Perring, James, additional, Perumal, Rubeshan, additional, Petkar, Sahir Yusuf, additional, Philip, Tricia, additional, Phillips, Jennifer, additional, Phohu, Mary Kgomotso, additional, Pickup, Lorinda, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Pinheiro, Jessica Morgana, additional, Piper, Jo, additional, Pipini, Dimitra, additional, Plank, Mary, additional, Plant, Sinéad, additional, Pollard, Samuel, additional, Pooley, Jennifer, additional, Pooran, Anil, additional, Poulton, Ian, additional, Powers, Claire, additional, Presa, Fernando B., additional, Price, David A., additional, Price, Vivien, additional, Primeira, Marcelo R., additional, Proud, Pamela C., additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Pueschel, Sophie, additional, Pulido, David, additional, Quaid, Sheena, additional, Rabara, Ria, additional, Radia, Kajal, additional, Rajapaska, Durga, additional, Rajeswaran, Thurkka, additional, Ramos, Leonardo, additional, Ramos, Alberto San Francisco, additional, Ramos Lopez, Fernando, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Rand, Jade, additional, Ratcliffe, Helen, additional, Rawlinson, Tom, additional, Rea, David, additional, Rees, Byron, additional, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, additional, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, additional, Rhead, Sarah, additional, Riaz, Tawassal, additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Richards, Alexander, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Ritchie, Neil, additional, Ritchie, Adam J., additional, Robbins, Alexander J., additional, Roberts, Hannah, additional, Robinson, Ryan E., additional, Roche, Sophie, additional, Rollier, Christine, additional, Rose, Louisa, additional, Ross Russell, Amy L., additional, Rossouw, Lindie, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Rudiansyah, Indra, additional, Ryalls, Kim, additional, Sabine, Charlotte, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Sale, Jessica C., additional, Salman, Ahmed M., additional, Salvador, Natalia, additional, Salvador, Stephannie, additional, Sampaio, Milla Dias, additional, Samson, Annette D., additional, Sanchez-Gonzalez, Amada, additional, Sanders, Helen, additional, Sanders, Katherine, additional, Santos, Erika, additional, Santos Guerra, Mayara F.S., additional, Satti, Iman, additional, Saunders, Jack E., additional, Saunders, Caroline, additional, Sayed, Aakifah Bibi Arif, additional, Schim van der Loeff, Ina, additional, Schmid, Annina B., additional, Schofield, Ella, additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Seddiqi, Samiullah, additional, Segireddy, Rameswara R., additional, Senger, Roberta, additional, Serrano, Sonia, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Sharpe, Hannah R., additional, Sharrocks, Katherine, additional, Shaw, Robert, additional, Shea, Adam, additional, Sheehan, Emma, additional, Shepherd, Amy, additional, Shiham, Farah, additional, Silk, Sarah E., additional, Silva-Reyes, Laura, additional, Silveira, Lidiana B. T.D., additional, Silveira, Mariana B.V., additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Sinha, Jaisi, additional, Skelly, Donal T., additional, Smith, Daniel C., additional, Smith, Nick, additional, Smith, Holly E., additional, Smith, David J., additional, Smith, Catherine C., additional, Soares, Airanuédida S., additional, Solórzano, Carla, additional, Sorio, Guilherme L., additional, Sorley, Kim, additional, Sosa-Rodriguez, Tiffany, additional, Souza, Cinthia M.C.D.L., additional, Souza, Bruno S.D.F., additional, Souza, Alessandra R., additional, Souza Lopez, Thamyres, additional, Sowole, Luciana, additional, Spencer, Alexandra J., additional, Spoors, Louise, additional, Stafford, Lizzie, additional, Stamford, Imogen, additional, Stein, Ricardo, additional, Stockdale, Lisa, additional, Stockwell, Lisa V., additional, Strickland, Louise H., additional, Stuart, Arabella, additional, Sturdy, Ann, additional, Sutton, Natalina, additional, Szigeti, Anna, additional, Tahiri-Alaoui, Abdessamad, additional, Tanner, Rachel, additional, Taoushanis, Carol, additional, Tarr, Alexander W., additional, Tarrant, Richard, additional, Taylor, Keja, additional, Taylor, Ursula, additional, Taylor, Iona Jennifer, additional, Taylor, Justin, additional, te Water Naude, Rebecca, additional, Templeton, Kate, additional, Themistocleous, Yrene, additional, Themistocleous, Andreas, additional, Thomas, Merin, additional, Thomas, Kelly, additional, Thomas, Tonia M., additional, Thombrayil, Asha, additional, Thompson, Julia, additional, Thompson, Fawziyah, additional, Thompson, Ameeka, additional, Thompson, Amber, additional, Thompson, Kevin, additional, Thornton-Jones, Viv, additional, Thotusi, Larissa H.S., additional, Tighe, Patrick J., additional, Tinoco, Lygia Accioly, additional, Tiongson, Gerlynn Ferreras, additional, Tladinyane, Bonolo, additional, Tomasicchio, Michele, additional, Tomic, Adriana, additional, Tonks, Susan, additional, Towner, James, additional, Tran, Nguyen, additional, Tree, Julia A., additional, Trillana, Gerry, additional, Trinham, Charlotte, additional, Trivett, Rose, additional, Truby, Adam, additional, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, additional, Tubb, Philippa, additional, Turabi, Aadil, additional, Turner, Richard, additional, Turner, Cheryl, additional, Turner, Nicola, additional, Tyagi, Bhavya, additional, Ulaszewska, Marta, additional, Underwood, Benjamin R., additional, van Eck, Samual, additional, Varughese, Rachel, additional, Verbart, Dennis, additional, Verheul, Marije K., additional, Vichos, Iason, additional, Vieira, Taiane A., additional, Walker, Gemma, additional, Walker, Laura, additional, Wand, Matthew E., additional, Wardell, Theresa, additional, Warimwe, George M., additional, Warren, Sarah C., additional, Watkins, Bridget, additional, Watson, Marion E.E., additional, Watson, Ekaterina, additional, Webb, Stewart, additional, Webster, Angela, additional, Welch, Jessica, additional, Wellbelove, Zoe, additional, Wells, Jeanette H., additional, West, Alison J., additional, White, Beth, additional, White, Caroline, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Williams, Rachel L., additional, Willingham, Silvia, additional, Winslow, Rebecca, additional, Woods, Danielle, additional, Woodyer, Mark, additional, Worth, Andrew T., additional, Wright, Danny, additional, Wroblewska, Marzena, additional, Yao, Andy, additional, Yim, Yee Ting Nicole, additional, Zambrano, Marina Bauer, additional, Zimmer, Rafael Leal, additional, Zizi, Dalila, additional, and Zuidewind, Peter, additional

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2021
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15. Safety and Immunogenicity Report from the Com-COV Study – a Single-Blind Randomised Non-Inferiority Trial Comparing Heterologous And Homologous Prime-Boost Schedules with An Adenoviral Vectored and mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine

Author

Liu, Xinxue, primary, Shaw, Robert H., additional, Stuart, Arabella SV, additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Dinesh, Tanya, additional, Provstgaard-Morys, Samuel, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N., additional, Aley, Parvinder K., additional, Farooq Mujadidi, Yama, additional, Long, Fei, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Walker, Laura L., additional, White, Rachel, additional, Andrews, Nick, additional, Cameron, J. Claire, additional, Collins, Andrea M., additional, Ferreira, Daniela M., additional, Hill, Helen C., additional, Green, Christopher A., additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Faust, Saul N., additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Ramsay, Mary E., additional, Read, Robert C., additional, Turner, David P. J., additional, Turner, Paul J., additional, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S., additional, Snape, Matthew D., additional, and Group, Com-COV Study, additional

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2021
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16. Efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 VOC 202012/01 (B.1.1.7)

Author

Emary, Katherine R. W., primary, Golubchik, Tanya, additional, Aley, Parvinder K., additional, Ariani, Cristina V., additional, Angus, Brian John, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Blane, Beth, additional, Bonsall, David, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, additional, Collins, Andrea M., additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Darton, Thomas, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Douglas, Alexander D., additional, Duncan, Christopher J. A., additional, Ewer, Katie, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Faust, Saul N., additional, Ferreira, Daniela M., additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M., additional, Fuskova, Michelle, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Goodman, Anna L., additional, Green, Catherine M., additional, Green, Christopher A., additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Heath, Paul T., additional, Hay, Jodie, additional, Hill, Helen C., additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J., additional, Ludden, Catherine, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G., additional, Minassian, Angela M., additional, McGregor, Alastair C., additional, Farooq Mujadidi, Yama, additional, Phillips, Daniel J., additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M., additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D., additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K., additional, Thomson, Emma C., additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P. J., additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L., additional, Williams, Christopher J., additional, Hill, Adrian V. S., additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C., additional, Voysey, Merryn, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N., additional, Pollard, Andrew, additional, and Group, Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial, additional

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2021
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17. Single Dose Administration, And The Influence Of The Timing Of The Booster Dose On Immunogenicity and Efficacy Of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) Vaccine

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Costa Clemens, Sue Ann, additional, Madhi, Shabir A., additional, Weckx, Lily Yin, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M., additional, Aley, Parvinder K., additional, Angus, Brian John, additional, Baillie, Vicky, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L., additional, Bhorat, Qasim E., additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, additional, Collins, Andrea M., additional, Cutland, Clare, additional, Darton, Thomas, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Douglas, Alexander D., additional, Duncan, Christopher J. A., additional, Emary, Katherine R. W., additional, Ewer, Katie, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N., additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M., additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Galiza, Eva, additional, Goodman, Anna L., additional, Green, Catherine M., additional, Green, Christopher A., additional, Greenland, Melanie, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen C., additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J., additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G., additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Mendes, Ana Verena Almeida, additional, Milan, Eveline P., additional, Minassian, Angela M., additional, McGregor, Alastair C., additional, Farooq Mujadidi, Yama, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, Payadachee, Sherman D., additional, Phillips, Daniel J., additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M., additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N., additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V., additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D., additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K., additional, Thomson, Emma C., additional, Torok, Mili, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P. J., additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L., additional, White, Thomas, additional, Williams, Christopher J., additional, Hill, Adrian V. S., additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C., additional, Pollard, Andrew, additional, and Group, Oxford COVID Vaccine Trial, additional

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2021
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18. Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Author

Voysey, Merryn, primary, Clemens, Sue Ann Costa, additional, Madhi, Shabir A, additional, Weckx, Lily Y, additional, Folegatti, Pedro M, additional, Aley, Parvinder K, additional, Angus, Brian, additional, Baillie, Vicky L, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L, additional, Bhorat, Qasim E, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Briner, Carmen, additional, Cicconi, Paola, additional, Collins, Andrea M, additional, Colin-Jones, Rachel, additional, Cutland, Clare L, additional, Darton, Thomas C, additional, Dheda, Keertan, additional, Duncan, Christopher J A, additional, Emary, Katherine R W, additional, Ewer, Katie J, additional, Fairlie, Lee, additional, Faust, Saul N, additional, Feng, Shuo, additional, Ferreira, Daniela M, additional, Finn, Adam, additional, Goodman, Anna L, additional, Green, Catherine M, additional, Green, Christopher A, additional, Heath, Paul T, additional, Hill, Catherine, additional, Hill, Helen, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Hodgson, Susanne H C, additional, Izu, Alane, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jenkin, Daniel, additional, Joe, Carina C D, additional, Kerridge, Simon, additional, Koen, Anthonet, additional, Kwatra, Gaurav, additional, Lazarus, Rajeka, additional, Lawrie, Alison M, additional, Lelliott, Alice, additional, Libri, Vincenzo, additional, Lillie, Patrick J, additional, Mallory, Raburn, additional, Mendes, Ana V A, additional, Milan, Eveline P, additional, Minassian, Angela M, additional, McGregor, Alastair, additional, Morrison, Hazel, additional, Mujadidi, Yama F, additional, Nana, Anusha, additional, O’Reilly, Peter J, additional, Padayachee, Sherman D, additional, Pittella, Ana, additional, Plested, Emma, additional, Pollock, Katrina M, additional, Ramasamy, Maheshi N, additional, Rhead, Sarah, additional, Schwarzbold, Alexandre V, additional, Singh, Nisha, additional, Smith, Andrew, additional, Song, Rinn, additional, Snape, Matthew D, additional, Sprinz, Eduardo, additional, Sutherland, Rebecca K, additional, Tarrant, Richard, additional, Thomson, Emma C, additional, Török, M Estée, additional, Toshner, Mark, additional, Turner, David P J, additional, Vekemans, Johan, additional, Villafana, Tonya L, additional, Watson, Marion E E, additional, Williams, Christopher J, additional, Douglas, Alexander D, additional, Hill, Adrian V S, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Aban, Marites, additional, Abayomi, Fatola, additional, Abeyskera, Kushala, additional, Aboagye, Jeremy, additional, Adam, Matthew, additional, Adams, Kirsty, additional, Adamson, James, additional, Adelaja, Yemi A., additional, Adewetan, Gbadebo, additional, Adlou, Syed, additional, Ahmed, Khatija, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akhalwaya, Saajida, additional, Alcock, Andrew, additional, Ali, Aabidah, additional, Allen, Elizabeth R., additional, Allen, Lauren, additional, Almeida, Thamires C. D. S. C, additional, Alves, Mariana P.S., additional, Amorim, Fabio, additional, Andritsou, Foteini, additional, Anslow, Rachel, additional, Appleby, Matthew, additional, Arbe-Barnes, Edward H., additional, Ariaans, Mark P., additional, Arns, Beatriz, additional, Arruda, Laiana, additional, Azi, Paula, additional, Azi, Lorena, additional, Babbage, Gavin, additional, Bailey, Catherine, additional, Baker, Kenneth F., additional, Baker, Megan, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Baker, Philip, additional, Baldwin, Lisa, additional, Baleanu, Ioana, additional, Bandeira, Danieli, additional, Bara, Anna, additional, Barbosa, Marcella A.S., additional, Barker, Debbie, additional, Barlow, Gavin D., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Barr, Andrew S., additional, Barrett, Jordan R., additional, Barrett, Jessica, additional, Bates, Louise, additional, Batten, Alexander, additional, Beadon, Kirsten, additional, Beales, Emily, additional, Beckley, Rebecca, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Bell, Jonathan, additional, Bellamy, Duncan, additional, Bellei, Nancy, additional, Belton, Sue, additional, Berg, Adam, additional, Bermejo, Laura, additional, Berrie, Eleanor, additional, Berry, Lisa, additional, Berzenyi, Daniella, additional, Beveridge, Amy, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Bexhell, Helen, additional, Bhikha, Sutika, additional, Bhorat, Asad E., additional, Bhorat, Zaheda E., additional, Bijker, Else, additional, Birch, Geeta, additional, Birch, Sarah, additional, Bird, Adam, additional, Bird, Olivia, additional, Bisnauthsing, Karen, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Blackstone, Katherine, additional, Blackwell, Luke, additional, Bletchly, Heather, additional, Blundell, Caitlin L., additional, Blundell, Susannah R., additional, Bodalia, Pritesh, additional, Boettger, Bruno C., additional, Bolam, Emma, additional, Boland, Elena, additional, Bormans, Daan, additional, Borthwick, Nicola, additional, Bowring, Francesca, additional, Boyd, Amy, additional, Bradley, Penny, additional, Brenner, Tanja, additional, Brown, Phillip, additional, Brown, Claire, additional, Brown-O'Sullivan, Charlie, additional, Bruce, Scott, additional, Brunt, Emily, additional, Buchan, Ruaridh, additional, Budd, William, additional, Bulbulia, Yusuf A., additional, Bull, Melanie, additional, Burbage, Jamie, additional, Burhan, Hassan, additional, Burn, Aileen, additional, Buttigieg, Karen R., additional, Byard, Nicholas, additional, Cabera Puig, Ingrid, additional, Calderon, Gloria, additional, Calvert, Anna, additional, Camara, Susana, additional, Cao, Michelangelo, additional, Cappuccini, Federica, additional, Cardoso, João R., additional, Carr, Melanie, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Carson-Stevens, Andrew, additional, Carvalho, Yasmin de M., additional, Carvalho, José A.M., additional, Casey, Helen R., additional, Cashen, Paul, additional, Castro, Thais, additional, Castro, Lucia Carratala, additional, Cathie, Katrina, additional, Cavey, Ana, additional, Cerbino-Neto, José, additional, Chadwick, Jim, additional, Chapman, David, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Chelysheva, Irina, additional, Chester, Oliver, additional, Chita, Sunder, additional, Cho, Jee-Sun, additional, Cifuentes, Liliana, additional, Clark, Elizabeth, additional, Clark, Matthew, additional, Clarke, Andrea, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A., additional, Collins, Sarah L.K., additional, Conlon, Christopher P., additional, Connarty, Sean, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Cooper, Cushla, additional, Cooper, Rachel, additional, Cornelissen, Lynne, additional, Corrah, Tumena, additional, Cosgrove, Catherine, additional, Cox, Tony, additional, Crocker, Wendy E.M., additional, Crosbie, Sarah, additional, Cullen, Lorraine, additional, Cullen, Dan, additional, Cunha, Debora R.M.F., additional, Cunningham, Christina, additional, Cuthbertson, Fiona C., additional, Da Guarda, Suzete N. 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additional, Khozoee, Baktash, additional, Kidd, Sarah, additional, Killen, Annabel, additional, Kinch, Jasmin, additional, Kinch, Patrick, additional, King, Lloyd D.W., additional, King, Thomas B., additional, Kingham, Lucy, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Knapper, Francesca, additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Knott, Daniel, additional, Koleva, Stanislava, additional, Lang, Matilda, additional, Lang, Gail, additional, Larkworthy, Colin W., additional, Larwood, Jessica P.J., additional, Law, Rebecca, additional, Lazarus, Erica M., additional, Leach, Amanda, additional, Lees, Emily A., additional, Lemm, Nana-Marie, additional, Lessa, Alvaro, additional, Leung, Stephanie, additional, Li, Yuanyuan, additional, Lias, Amelia M., additional, Liatsikos, Kostas, additional, Linder, Aline, additional, Lipworth, Samuel, additional, Liu, Shuchang, additional, Liu, Xinxue, additional, Lloyd, Adam, additional, Lloyd, Stephanie, additional, Loew, Lisa, additional, Lopez Ramon, Raquel, additional, Lora, Leandro, additional, Lowthorpe, Vicki, additional, Luz, Kleber, additional, MacDonald, Jonathan C., additional, MacGregor, Gordon, additional, Madhavan, Meera, additional, Mainwaring, David O., additional, Makambwa, Edson, additional, Makinson, Rebecca, additional, Malahleha, Mookho, additional, Malamatsho, Ross, additional, Mallett, Garry, additional, Mansatta, Kushal, additional, Maoko, Takalani, additional, Mapetla, Katlego, additional, Marchevsky, Natalie G., additional, Marinou, Spyridoula, additional, Marlow, Emma, additional, Marques, Gabriela N., additional, Marriott, Paula, additional, Marshall, Richard P., additional, Marshall, Julia L., additional, Martins, Flávia J., additional, Masenya, Masebole, additional, Masilela, Mduduzi, additional, Masters, Shauna K., additional, Mathew, Moncy, additional, Matlebjane, Hosea, additional, Matshidiso, Kedidimetse, additional, Mazur, Olga, additional, Mazzella, Andrea, additional, McCaughan, Hugh, additional, McEwan, Joanne, additional, McGlashan, Joanna, additional, McInroy, Lorna, additional, McIntyre, Zoe, additional, McLenaghan, Daniela, additional, McRobert, Nicky, additional, McSwiggan, Steve, additional, Megson, Clare, additional, Mehdipour, Savviz, additional, Meijs, Wilma, additional, Mendonça, Renata N.Á., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Mirtorabi, Neginsadat, additional, Mitton, Celia, additional, Mnyakeni, Sibusiso, additional, Moghaddas, Fiona, additional, Molapo, Kgaogelo, additional, Moloi, Mapule, additional, Moore, Maria, additional, Moraes-Pinto, M. Isabel, additional, Moran, Marni, additional, Morey, Ella, additional, Morgans, Róisín, additional, Morris, Susan, additional, Morris, Sheila, additional, Morris, Helen C., additional, Morselli, Franca, additional, Morshead, Gertraud, additional, Morter, Richard, additional, Mottal, Lynelle, additional, Moultrie, Andrew, additional, Moya, Nathifa, additional, Mpelembue, Mushiya, additional, Msomi, Sibekezelo, additional, Mugodi, Yvonne, additional, Mukhopadhyay, Ekta, additional, Muller, Jilly, additional, Munro, Alasdair, additional, Munro, Claire, additional, Murphy, Sarah, additional, Mweu, Philomena, additional, Myasaki, Celia Hatsuko, additional, Naik, Gurudutt, additional, Naker, Kush, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Nazir, Abida, additional, Ndlovu, Bongani, additional, Neffa, Fabio, additional, Njenga, Cecilia, additional, Noal, Helena, additional, Noé, Andrés, additional, Novaes, Gabrielle, additional, Nugent, Fay L., additional, Nunes, Géssika, additional, O'Brien, Katie, additional, O'Connor, Daniel, additional, Odam, Miranda, additional, Oelofse, Suzette, additional, Oguti, Blanche, additional, Olchawski, Victoria, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Oliveira, Marianne G., additional, Oliveira, Catarina, additional, Oosthuizen, Angela, additional, O'Reilly, Paula, additional, Osborne, Piper, additional, Owen, David R.J., additional, Owen, Lydia, additional, Owens, Daniel, additional, Owino, Nelly, additional, Pacurar, Mihaela, additional, Paiva, Brenda V.B., additional, Palhares, Edna M.F., additional, Palmer, Susan, additional, Parkinson, Sivapriyai, additional, Parracho, Helena M.R.T., additional, Parsons, Karen, additional, Patel, Dipak, additional, Patel, Bhumika, additional, Patel, Faeezah, additional, Patel, Kelly, additional, Patrick-Smith, Maia, additional, Payne, Ruth O., additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Penn, Elizabeth J., additional, Pennington, Anna, additional, Peralta Alvarez, Marco Polo, additional, Perring, James, 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Fernando, additional, Rampling, Tommy, additional, Rand, Jade, additional, Ratcliffe, Helen, additional, Rawlinson, Tom, additional, Rea, David, additional, Rees, Byron, additional, Reiné, Jesús, additional, Resuello-Dauti, Mila, additional, Reyes Pabon, Emilia, additional, Ribiero, Carla M., additional, Ricamara, Marivic, additional, Richter, Alex, additional, Ritchie, Neil, additional, Ritchie, Adam J., additional, Robbins, Alexander J., additional, Roberts, Hannah, additional, Robinson, Ryan E., additional, Robinson, Hannah, additional, Rocchetti, Talita T., additional, Rocha, Beatriz Pinho, additional, Roche, Sophie, additional, Rollier, Christine, additional, Rose, Louisa, additional, Ross Russell, Amy L., additional, Rossouw, Lindie, additional, Royal, Simon, additional, Rudiansyah, Indra, additional, Ruiz, Sarah, additional, Saich, Stephen, additional, Sala, Claudia, additional, Sale, Jessica, additional, Salman, Ahmed M., additional, Salvador, Natalia, additional, Salvador, 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additional, Trillana, Gerry, additional, Trinham, Charlotte, additional, Trivett, Rose, additional, Truby, Adam, additional, Tsheko, Betty Lebogang, additional, Turabi, Aadil, additional, Turner, Richard, additional, Turner, Cheryl, additional, Ulaszewska, Marta, additional, Underwood, Benjamin R., additional, Varughese, Rachel, additional, Verbart, Dennis, additional, Verheul, Marije, additional, Vichos, Iason, additional, Vieira, Taiane, additional, Waddington, Claire S., additional, Walker, Laura, additional, Wallis, Erica, additional, Wand, Matthew, additional, Warbick, Deborah, additional, Wardell, Theresa, additional, Warimwe, George, additional, Warren, Sarah C., additional, Watkins, Bridget, additional, Watson, Ekaterina, additional, Webb, Stewart, additional, Webb-Bridges, Alice, additional, Webster, Angela, additional, Welch, Jessica, additional, Wells, Jeanette, additional, West, Alison, additional, White, Caroline, additional, White, Rachel, additional, Williams, Paul, additional, Williams, Rachel L., additional, Winslow, Rebecca, additional, Woodyer, Mark, additional, Worth, Andrew T., additional, Wright, Danny, additional, Wroblewska, Marzena, additional, Yao, Andy, additional, Zimmer, Rafael, additional, Zizi, Dalila, additional, and Zuidewind, Peter, additional

Published
2021
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29. Phase Variation Mediates Reductions in Expression of Surface Proteins during Persistent Meningococcal Carriage

Author

Alamro, Mohamed, primary, Bidmos, Fadil A., additional, Chan, Hannah, additional, Oldfield, Neil J., additional, Newton, Emma, additional, Bai, Xilian, additional, Aidley, Jack, additional, Care, Rory, additional, Mattick, Claire, additional, Turner, David P. J., additional, Neal, Keith R., additional, Ala'Aldeen, Dlawer A. A., additional, Feavers, Ian, additional, Borrow, Ray, additional, and Bayliss, Christopher D., additional

Published
2014
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31. Influence of the combination and phase variation status of the haemoglobin receptors HmbR and HpuAB on meningococcal virulence

Author

Tauseef, Isfahan, primary, Harrison, Odile B., additional, Wooldridge, Karl G., additional, Feavers, Ian M., additional, Neal, Keith R., additional, Gray, Stephen J., additional, Kriz, Paula, additional, Turner, David P. J., additional, Ala’Aldeen, Dlawer A. A., additional, Maiden, Martin C. J., additional, Bayliss, Christopher D., additional, and Shaw, J. G., additional

Published
2011
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34. Development of a heptaplex PCR assay for identification of Staphylococcus aureus and CoNS with simultaneous detection of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes.

Author

Okolie, Charles Emeka, Wooldridge, Karl G., Turner, David P. J., Cockayne, Alan, and James, Richard

Subjects
STAPHYLOCOCCAL diseases, POLYMERASE chain reaction, GENE amplification, MICROCOCCACEAE, DRUG resistance in microorganisms
Abstract

Background: Staphylococcal toxicity and antibiotic resistance (STAAR) have been menacing public health. Although vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is currently not as widespread as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), genome evolution of MRSA into VRSA, including strains engineered within the same patient under anti-staphylococcal therapy, may build up to future public health concern. To further complicate diagnosis, infection control and anti-microbial chemotherapy, non-sterile sites such as the nares and the skin could contain both S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), either of which could harbour mecA the gene driving staphylococcal methicillin-resistance and required for MRSA-VRSA evolution. Results: A new heptaplex PCR assay has been developed which simultaneously detects seven markers for: i) eubacteria (16S rRNA), ii) Staphylococcus genus (tuf), iii) Staphylococcus aureus (spa), iv) CoNS (cns), v) Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl), vi) methicillin resistance (mecA), and vii) vancomycin resistance (vanA). Following successful validation using 255 reference bacterial strains, applicability to analyse clinical samples was evaluated by direct amplification in spiked blood cultures (n = 89) which returned 100 % specificity, negative and positive predictive values. The new assay has LoD of 1.0x103 CFU/mL for the 16S rRNA marker and 1.0x104 CFU/mL for six other markers and completes cycling in less than one hour. Conclusion: The speed, sensitivity (100 %), NPV (100 %) and PPV (100 %) suggest the new heptaplex PCR assay could be easily integrated into a routine diagnostic microbiology workflow. Detection of the cns marker allows for unique identification of CoNS in mono-microbial and in poly-microbial samples containing mixtures of CoNS and S. aureus without recourse to the conventional elimination approach which is ambiguous. In addition to the SA-CoNS differential diagnostic essence of the new assay, inclusion of vanA primers will allow microbiology laboratories to stay ahead of the emerging MRSA-VRSA evolution. To the best of our knowledge, the new heptaplex PCR assay is the most multiplexed among similar PCR-based assays for simultaneous detection of STAAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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35. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) - a conserved glycolytic enzyme with virulence functions in bacteria: 'ill met by moonlight'.

Author

Shams, Fariza, Oldfield, Neil J., Wooldridge, Karl G., and Turner, David P. J.

Subjects
FRUCTOSE phosphates, ALDOLASES, ENZYME analysis, GLYCOLYSIS, MICROBIAL virulence
Abstract

Moonlighting proteins constitute an intriguing class of multifunctional proteins. Metabolic enzymes and chaperones, which are often highly conserved proteins in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotic organisms, are among the most commonly recognized examples of moonlighting proteins. Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is an enzyme involved in the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) glycolytic pathway and in gluconeogenesis. Increasingly, it is also recognized that FBA has additional functions beyond its housekeeping role in central metabolism. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the moonlighting functions of FBA in bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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37. Rise in Group W Meningococcal Carriage in University Students, United Kingdom.

Author

Oldfield, Neil J., Cayrou, Caroline, AlJannat, Mahab A. K., Al-Rubaiawi, Ali A. A., Green, Luke R., Dada, Shehzan, Steels, Oliver D., Stirrup, Christopher, Wanford, Joe, Atwah, Banan A. Y., Bayliss, Christopher D., and Turner, David P. J.

Subjects
NEISSERIA meningitidis, COLLEGE students, CROSS-sectional method, PREVENTIVE medicine, ADOLESCENT health, VACCINATION, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

MenACWY conjugate vaccination was recently introduced in the United Kingdom for adolescents and young adults to reduce disease from infection by Neisseria meningitidis group W. We conducted a cross-sectional meningococcal carriage study in first-year UK university students. Despite 71% MenACWY vaccine coverage, carriage of group W increased substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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38. Prevalence and Phase Variable Expression Status of Two Autotransporters, NalP and MspA, in Carriage and Disease Isolates of Neisseria meningitidis.

Author

Oldfield, Neil J., Matar, Suzan, Bidmos, Fadil A., Alamro, Mohammed, Neal, Keith R., Turner, David P. J., Bayliss, Christopher D., and Ala’Aldeen, Dlawer A. A.

Subjects
DISEASE prevalence, GENE expression, BIOLOGICAL transport, NEISSERIA meningitidis, SURFACE structure, PROTEOLYTIC enzymes
Abstract

Neisseria meningitidis is a human nasopharyngeal commensal capable of causing life-threatening septicemia and meningitis. Many meningococcal surface structures, including the autotransporter proteins NalP and MspA, are subject to phase variation (PV) due to the presence of homopolymeric tracts within their coding sequences. The functions of MspA are unknown. NalP proteolytically cleaves several surface-located virulence factors including the 4CMenB antigen NhbA. Therefore, NalP is a phase-variable regulator of the meningococcal outer membrane and secretome whose expression may reduce isolate susceptibility to 4CMenB-induced immune responses. To improve our understanding of the contributions of MspA and NalP to meningococcal-host interactions, their distribution and phase-variable expression status was studied in epidemiologically relevant samples, including 127 carriage and 514 invasive isolates representative of multiple clonal complexes and serogroups. Prevalence estimates of >98% and >88% were obtained for mspA and nalP, respectively, with no significant differences in their frequencies in disease versus carriage isolates. 16% of serogroup B (MenB) invasive isolates, predominately from clonal complexes ST-269 and ST-461, lacked nalP. Deletion of nalP often resulted from recombination events between flanking repetitive elements. PolyC tract lengths ranged from 6–15 bp in nalP and 6–14 bp in mspA. In an examination of PV status, 58.8% of carriage, and 40.1% of invasive nalP-positive MenB isolates were nalP phase ON. The frequency of this phenotype was not significantly different in serogroup Y (MenY) carriage strains, but was significantly higher in invasive MenY strains (86.3%; p<0.0001). Approximately 90% of MenB carriage and invasive isolates were mspA phase ON; significantly more than MenY carriage (32.7%) or invasive (13.7%) isolates. This differential expression resulted from different mode mspA tract lengths between the serogroups. Our data indicates a differential requirement for NalP and MspA expression in MenB and MenY strains and is a step towards understanding the contributions of phase-variable loci to meningococcal biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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39. The role of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GapA-1) in Neisseria meningitidis adherence to human cells.

Author

Tunio, Sarfraz A., Oldfield, Neil J., Ala'Aldeen, Dlawer A. A., Wooldridge, Karl G., and Turner, David P. J.

Subjects
NEISSERIA meningitidis, NEISSERIA, MENINGITIS, CENTRAL nervous system diseases, SEPSIS
Abstract

Background: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDHs) are cytoplasmic glycolytic enzymes, which although lacking identifiable secretion signals, have also been found localized to the surface of several bacteria (and some eukaryotic organisms); where in some cases they have been shown to contribute to the colonization and invasion of host tissues. Neisseria meningitidis is an obligate human nasopharyngeal commensal which can cause life-threatening infections including septicaemia and meningitis. N. meningitidis has two genes, gapA-1 and gapA-2, encoding GAPDH enzymes. GapA-1 has previously been shown to be up-regulated on bacterial contact with host epithelial cells and is accessible to antibodies on the surface of capsule-permeabilized meningococcal cells. The aims of this study were: 1) to determine whether GapA-1 was expressed across different strains of N. meningitidis; 2) to determine whether GapA-1 surface accessibility to antibodies was dependant on the presence of capsule; 3) to determine whether GapA-1 can influence the interaction of meningococci and host cells, particularly in the key stages of adhesion and invasion. Results: In this study, expression of GapA-1 was shown to be well conserved across diverse isolates of Neisseria species. Flow cytometry confirmed that GapA-1 could be detected on the cell surface, but only in a siaD-knockout (capsule-deficient) background, suggesting that GapA-1 is inaccessible to antibody in in vitro-grown encapsulated meningococci. The role of GapA-1 in meningococcal pathogenesis was addressed by mutational analysis and functional complementation. Loss of GapA-1 did not affect the growth of the bacterium in vitro. However, a GapA- 1 deficient mutant showed a significant reduction in adhesion to human epithelial and endothelial cells compared to the wild-type and complemented mutant. A similar reduction in adhesion levels was also apparent between a siaD-deficient meningococcal strain and an isogenic siaD gapA-1 double mutant. Conclusions: Our data demonstrates that meningococcal GapA-1 is a constitutively-expressed, highly-conserved surface-exposed protein which is antibody-accessible only in the absence of capsule. Mutation of GapA-1 does not affect the in vitro growth rate of N. meningitidis, but significantly affects the ability of the organism to adhere to human epithelial and endothelial cells in a capsule-independent process suggesting a role in the pathogenesis of meningococcal infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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40. Auto-transporter A protein of Neisseria meningitidis: a potent CD4+ T-cell and B-cell stimulating antigen detected by expression cloning.

Author

Ait-Tahar, Kamel, Wooldridge, Karl G., Turner, David P. J., Atta, Mustafa, Todd, Ian, and Ala'aldeen, Dlawer A. A.

Subjects
NEISSERIA meningitidis, BACTERIAL proteins
Abstract

A meningococcal genomic expression library was screened for potent CD4+ T-cell antigens, using patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs). One of the most promising positive clones was fully characterized. The recombinant meningococcal DNA contained a single, incomplete, open reading frame (ORF), which was fully reconstructed with reference to available genomic sequence data. The gene was designated autA (auto-transporter A) as its peptide sequence shares molecular characteristics of the auto-transporter family of proteins. Only a single copy of this gene was detected in the meningococcal, and none in the gonococcal, genomic sequence databases. The complete autA gene, when cloned into an expression vector, expressed a protein of approximately 68 kDa. Purified rAutA recalled strong secondary T-cell responses in PBLs of patients and some healthy donors, and induced strong primary T-cell responses in healthy donors. The human B-cell immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of AutA, purified under native conditions, was confirmed in dot immunoblot experiments. Immunoblots with rabbit polyclonal antibodies to rAutA demonstrated the conserved nature, antigenicity and cross-reactivity of AutA amongst meningococci of different serogroups and strains representing different hypervirulent lineages. AutA showed homology with another meningococcal and gonococcal ORF (designated AutB). AutB was cloned and expressed and used to raise an autB-specific antiserum. Immunoblot experiments indicated that AutB is not expressed in meningococci and does not cross-react with AutA. Thus, AutA, being a potent CD4+ T-cell and B-cell-stimulating antigen, which is highly conserved, deserves further investigation as a potential vaccine candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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41. Carriage of Meningococci by University Students, United Kingdom.

Author

Ala'Aldeen, Dlawer A. A., Oldfield, Neil J., Bidmos, Fadil A., Abouseada, Noha M., Ahmed, Nader W., Turner, David P. J., Neal, Keith R., and Bayliss, Christopher D.

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, NEISSERIA meningitidis
Abstract

A letter to the editor is presented about a study on the prevalence and carriage of Meningococci serogroup Y strains among first-year students at the University of Nottingham.

Published
2011
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42. Prevalence and Phase Variable Expression Status of Two Autotransporters, NalP and MspA, in Carriage and Disease Isolates of Neisseria meningitidis.

Author

Oldfield, Neil J., Matar, Suzan, Bidmos, Fadil A., Alamro, Mohammed, Neal, Keith R., Turner, David P. J., Bayliss, Christopher D., and Ala’Aldeen, Dlawer A. A.

Subjects
*DISEASE prevalence, *GENE expression, *BIOLOGICAL transport, *NEISSERIA meningitidis, *SURFACE structure, *PROTEOLYTIC enzymes
Abstract

Neisseria meningitidis is a human nasopharyngeal commensal capable of causing life-threatening septicemia and meningitis. Many meningococcal surface structures, including the autotransporter proteins NalP and MspA, are subject to phase variation (PV) due to the presence of homopolymeric tracts within their coding sequences. The functions of MspA are unknown. NalP proteolytically cleaves several surface-located virulence factors including the 4CMenB antigen NhbA. Therefore, NalP is a phase-variable regulator of the meningococcal outer membrane and secretome whose expression may reduce isolate susceptibility to 4CMenB-induced immune responses. To improve our understanding of the contributions of MspA and NalP to meningococcal-host interactions, their distribution and phase-variable expression status was studied in epidemiologically relevant samples, including 127 carriage and 514 invasive isolates representative of multiple clonal complexes and serogroups. Prevalence estimates of >98% and >88% were obtained for mspA and nalP, respectively, with no significant differences in their frequencies in disease versus carriage isolates. 16% of serogroup B (MenB) invasive isolates, predominately from clonal complexes ST-269 and ST-461, lacked nalP. Deletion of nalP often resulted from recombination events between flanking repetitive elements. PolyC tract lengths ranged from 6–15 bp in nalP and 6–14 bp in mspA. In an examination of PV status, 58.8% of carriage, and 40.1% of invasive nalP-positive MenB isolates were nalP phase ON. The frequency of this phenotype was not significantly different in serogroup Y (MenY) carriage strains, but was significantly higher in invasive MenY strains (86.3%; p<0.0001). Approximately 90% of MenB carriage and invasive isolates were mspA phase ON; significantly more than MenY carriage (32.7%) or invasive (13.7%) isolates. This differential expression resulted from different mode mspA tract lengths between the serogroups. Our data indicates a differential requirement for NalP and MspA expression in MenB and MenY strains and is a step towards understanding the contributions of phase-variable loci to meningococcal biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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43. Serum HCoV-spike specific antibodies do not protect against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents.

Author

Ratcliffe H, Tiley KS, Longet S, Tonry C, Roarty C, Watson C, Amirthalingam G, Vichos I, Morey E, Douglas NL, Marinou S, Plested E, Aley PK, Galiza E, Faust SN, Hughes S, Murray C, Roderick MR, Shackley F, Oddie S, Lee TWR, Turner DPJ, Raman M, Owens S, Turner PJ, Cockerill H, Lopez Bernal J, Ijaz S, Poh J, Shute J, Linley E, Borrow R, Hoschler K, Brown KE, Carroll MW, Klenerman P, Dunachie SJ, Ramsay M, Voysey M, Waterfield T, and Snape MD

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are generally asymptomatic or mild and rarely progress to severe disease and hospitalization. Why this is so remains unclear. Here we explore the potential for protection due to pre-existing cross-reactive seasonal coronavirus antibodies and compare the rate of antibody decline for nucleocapsid and spike protein in serum and oral fluid against SARS-CoV-2 within the pediatric population. No differences in seasonal coronaviruses antibody concentrations were found at baseline between cases and controls, suggesting no protective effect from pre-existing immunity against seasonal coronaviruses. Antibodies against seasonal betacoronaviruses were boosted in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In serum, anti-nucleocapsid antibodies fell below the threshold of positivity more quickly than anti-spike protein antibodies. These findings add to our understanding of protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2 within the pediatric population, which is important when considering pediatric SARS-CoV-2 immunization policies., Competing Interests: M.D.S. acted on behalf of the University of Oxford as an investigator on studies funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers, including AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Novavax, Janssen, Medimmune, and MCM. He received no personal financial payment for this work. Subsequent to this study MDS is employed by Moderna Biotech UK and holds equity in this company. S.N.F. acts on behalf of University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust as an investigator or providing consultative advice, or both, on clinical trials and studies of COVID-19 and other vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novavax, Seqirus, Sanofi, Medimmune, Merck, and Valneva. He receives no personal financial payment for this work. M.R. has provided post-marketing surveillance reports on vaccines for Pfizer and GlaxoSmithKline for which a cost recovery charge is made. All other authors declare no competing interests. M.C. and S.L. are funded by US Food and Drug Administration Medical Countermeasures Initiative, contract 75F40120C00085., (© 2023 The Authors.)

Published
2023
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44. Reactogenicity, immunogenicity and breakthrough infections following heterologous or fractional second dose COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents (Com-COV3): A randomised controlled trial.

Author

Kelly E, Greenland M, de Whalley PCS, Aley PK, Plested EL, Singh N, Koleva S, Tonner S, Macaulay GC, Read RC, Ramsay M, Cameron JC, Turner DPJ, Heath PT, Bernatoniene J, Connor P, Cathie K, Faust SN, Banerjee I, Cantrell L, Mujadidi YF, Belhadef HT, Clutterbuck EA, Anslow R, Valliji Z, James T, Hallis B, Otter AD, Lambe T, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Minassian AM, Liu X, and Snape MD

Subjects
Humans, Adolescent, Female, Male, BNT162 Vaccine, Breakthrough Infections, SARS-CoV-2, Single-Blind Method, Vaccination, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Antibodies, Viral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, COVID-19 Vaccines adverse effects, COVID-19 prevention & control
Abstract

Background: This was the first study to investigate the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of heterologous or fractional second dose COVID-19 vaccine regimens in adolescents., Methods: A phase II, single-blind, multi-centre, randomised-controlled trial recruited across seven UK sites from September to November 2021, with follow-up visits to August 2022. Healthy 12-to-16 years olds were randomised (1:1:1) to either 30 µg BNT162b2 (BNT-30), 10 µg BNT162b2 (BNT-10), or NVX-CoV2373 (NVX), 8 weeks after a first 30 µg dose of BNT162b2. The primary outcome was solicited systemic reactions in the week following vaccination. Secondary outcomes included immunogenicity and safety. 'Breakthrough infection' analyses were exploratory., Findings: 148 participants were recruited (median age 14 years old, 62% female, 26% anti-nucleocapsid IgG seropositive pre-second dose); 132 participants received a second dose. Reactions were mostly mild-to-moderate, with lower rates in BNT-10 recipients. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. Compared to BNT-30, at 28 days post-second dose anti-spike antibody responses were similar for NVX (adjusted geometric mean ratio [aGMR]) 1.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.84, 1.42] and lower for BNT-10 (aGMR 0.78 [95% CI: 0.61, 0.99]). For Omicron BA.1 and BA.2, the neutralising antibody titres for BNT-30 at day 28 were similar for BNT-10 (aGMR 1.0 [95% CI: 0.65, 1.54] and 1.02 [95% CI: 0.71, 1.48], respectively), but higher for NVX (aGMR 1.7 [95% CI: 1.07, 2.69] and 1.43 [95% CI: 0.96, 2.12], respectively). Compared to BNT-30, cellular immune responses were greatest for NVX (aGMR 1.73 [95% CI: 0.94, 3.18]), and lowest for BNT-10 (aGMR 0.65 [95% CI: 0.37, 1.15]) at 14 days post-second dose. Cellular responses were similar across the study arms by day 236 post-second dose. Amongst SARS-CoV-2 infection naïve participants, NVX participants had an 89% reduction in risk of self-reported 'breakthrough infection' compared to BNT-30 (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.11 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.86]) up until day 132 after second dose. BNT-10 recipients were more likely to have a 'breakthrough infection' compared to BNT-30 (aHR 2.14 [95% CI: 1.02, 4.51]) up to day 132 and day 236 post-second dose. Antibody responses at 132 and 236 days after second dose were similar for all vaccine schedules., Interpretation: Heterologous and fractional dose COVID-19 vaccine schedules in adolescents are safe, well-tolerated and immunogenic. The enhanced performance of the heterologous schedule using NVX-CoV2373 against the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant suggests this mRNA prime and protein-subunit boost schedule may provide a greater breadth of protection than the licensed homologous schedule., Funding: National Institute for Health Research and Vaccine Task Force., Trial Registration: International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number registry: 12348322., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: MDS acted until September 2022 on behalf of the University of Oxford as an Investigator on research studies funded or supported by the vaccine manufacturers GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, AstraZeneca, Novavax, MCM vaccines and Pfizer. He received no direct personal benefit for this work. From September 2022 he has been an employee at Moderna Biotech and holds stock options in this company. SNF acts on behalf of University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust as an Investigator and/or providing consultative advice on clinical trials and studies of COVID-19 and other vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novavax, Seqirus, Sanofi, Medimmune, Merck and Valneva vaccines and antimicrobials. He receives no personal financial payment for this work. KC acts on behalf of University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust as an investigator and/or providing consultative advice on studies funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Medimmune, Merck, Pfizer, Sanofi and Valneva. She receives no personal financial payment for this work. AMM acts on behalf of the University of Oxford as an investigator on research studies funded + /- sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Valneva SE and Novavax. She receives no personal financial benefit for this work. PTH acts on behalf of St George’s University of London as an Investigator on clinical trials and studies of COVID-19 vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Moderna, Novavax and Valneva. He receives no personal financial payment for this work. He is a member of the JCVI. JSN-V-T was seconded to the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) from October 2017-March 2022 as Deputy Chief Medical Officer, England, receiving no benefits, other than salary, for this work. Since leaving DHSC he has received a lecture fee from AstraZeneca and will undertake paid consulting for Moderna BioTech from 3rd May 2023. The views expressed in this paper are those of its authors and not necessarily those of DHSC or JCVI., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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45. Persistence of immune response in heterologous COVID vaccination schedules in the Com-COV2 study - A single-blind, randomised trial incorporating mRNA, viral-vector and protein-adjuvant vaccines.

Author

Shaw RH, Greenland M, Stuart ASV, Aley PK, Andrews NJ, Cameron JC, Charlton S, Clutterbuck EA, Collins AM, Darton T, Dinesh T, Duncan CJA, Faust SN, Ferreira DM, Finn A, Goodman AL, Green CA, Hallis B, Heath PT, Hill H, Lambe T, Libri V, Lillie PJ, Morey E, Mujadidi YF, Payne R, Plested EL, Provstgaard-Morys S, Ramasamy MN, Ramsay M, Read RC, Robinson H, Screaton GR, Singh N, Turner DPJ, Turner PJ, White R, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Liu X, and Snape MD

Subjects
Adult, Female, Humans, Male, COVID-19 Vaccines, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, BNT162 Vaccine, Pandemics, Single-Blind Method, Vaccination, Immunity, Immunoglobulin G, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19 prevention & control, Vaccines
Abstract

Background: Heterologous COVID vaccine priming schedules are immunogenic and effective. This report aims to understand the persistence of immune response to the viral vectored, mRNA and protein-based COVID-19 vaccine platforms used in homologous and heterologous priming combinations, which will inform the choice of vaccine platform in future vaccine development., Methods: Com-COV2 was a single-blinded trial in which adults ≥ 50 years, previously immunised with single dose 'ChAd' (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, AZD1222, Vaxzevria, Astrazeneca) or 'BNT' (BNT162b2, tozinameran, Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech), were randomised 1:1:1 to receive a second dose 8-12 weeks later with either the homologous vaccine, or 'Mod' (mRNA-1273, Spikevax, Moderna) or 'NVX' (NVX-CoV2373, Nuvaxovid, Novavax). Immunological follow-up and the secondary objective of safety monitoring were performed over nine months. Analyses of antibody and cellular assays were performed on an intention-to-treat population without evidence of COVID-19 infection at baseline or for the trial duration., Findings: In April/May 2021, 1072 participants were enrolled at a median of 9.4 weeks after receipt of a single dose of ChAd (N = 540, 45% female) or BNT (N = 532, 39% female) as part of the national vaccination programme. In ChAd-primed participants, ChAd/Mod had the highest anti-spike IgG from day 28 through to 6 months, although the heterologous vs homologous geometric mean ratio (GMR) dropped from 9.7 (95% CI (confidence interval): 8.2, 11.5) at D28 to 6.2 (95% CI: 5.0, 7.7) at D196. The heterologous/homologous GMR for ChAd/NVX similarly dropped from 3.0 (95% CI:2.5,3.5) to 2.4 (95% CI:1.9, 3.0). In BNT-primed participants, decay was similar between heterologous and homologous schedules with BNT/Mod inducing the highest anti-spike IgG for the duration of follow-up. The adjusted GMR (aGMR) for BNT/Mod compared with BNT/BNT increased from 1.36 (95% CI: 1.17, 1.58) at D28 to 1.52 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.90) at D196, whilst for BNT/NVX this aGMR was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.64) at day 28 and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.78) at day 196. Heterologous ChAd-primed schedules produced and maintained the largest T-cell responses until D196. Immunisation with BNT/NVX generated a qualitatively different antibody response to BNT/BNT, with the total IgG significantly lower than BNT/BNT during all follow-up time points, but similar levels of neutralising antibodies., Interpretation: Heterologous ChAd-primed schedules remain more immunogenic over time in comparison to ChAd/ChAd. BNT-primed schedules with a second dose of either mRNA vaccine also remain more immunogenic over time in comparison to BNT/NVX. The emerging data on mixed schedules using the novel vaccine platforms deployed in the COVID-19 pandemic, suggest that heterologous priming schedules might be considered as a viable option sooner in future pandemics., Isrctn: 27841311 EudraCT:2021-001275-16., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests At the time of this study, MDS acted on behalf of the University of Oxford as an Investigator on studies funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Pfizer, Novavax, Janssen, Medimmune, and MCM vaccines. He received no personal financial payment for this work. Subsequent to this study MDS is employed by Moderna Biotech UK and holds equity in this company. Moderna Biotech had no role in the study design, analysis of data or interpretation of results. JSN-V-T was seconded to the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), England from October 2017 to March 2022; since leaving DHSC he reports a lecture fee from AstraZeneca. AMC and DMF are investigators on studies funded by Pfizer and Unilever. They receive no personal financial payment for this work. AF is a member of the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation and chair of the WHO European Technical Advisory Group of Experts (ETAGE) on Immunisation. He is an investigator and/or provides consultative advice on clinical trials and studies of COVID-19 vaccines produced by AstraZeneca, Janssen, Valneva, Pfizer, and Sanofi, and of other vaccines from these and other manufacturers, including GlaxoSmithKline, VPI Pharmaceuticals, Takeda, and Bionet Asia. He receives no personal remuneration or benefits for any of this work. SNF acts on behalf of University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust as an investigator and/or providing consultative advice on clinical trials and studies of COVID-19 and other vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers, including Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Novavax, Seqirus, Sanofi, Medimmune, Merck, and Valneva vaccines and antimicrobials. He receives no personal financial payment for this work. PTH acts on behalf of St. George's University of London as an investigator on clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers, including Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Novavax, and Valneva. He receives no personal financial payment for this work. CAG acts on behalf of University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust as an investigator on clinical trials and studies of COVID-19 and other vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers, including Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Novavax, CureVac, Moderna, and Valneva. He receives no personal financial payment for this work. VL acts on behalf of University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust as an investigator on clinical trials of COVID-19 vaccines funded or sponsored by vaccine manufacturers including Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Valneva. He receives no personal financial payment for this work. TL is named as an inventor on a patent application covering the ChAd vaccine and is an occasional consultant to Vaccitech, unrelated to this work. ALG is named as an inventor on a patent covering use of a particular promoter construct that is often used in -vectored vaccines and is incorporated in the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. ALG may benefit from royalty income paid to the University of Oxford from sales of this vaccine by AstraZeneca and its sublicensees under the University’s revenue sharing policy. Oxford University has entered into a partnership with AstraZeneca for further development of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. All other authors declare no competing interests. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of its authors and not necessarily those of DHSC, VTF or NIHR., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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46. Impact of meningococcal ACWY conjugate vaccines on pharyngeal carriage in adolescents: evidence for herd protection from the UK MenACWY programme.

Author

Carr JP, MacLennan JM, Plested E, Bratcher HB, Harrison OB, Aley PK, Bray JE, Camara S, Rodrigues CMC, Davis K, Bartolf A, Baxter D, Cameron JC, Cunningham R, Faust SN, Fidler K, Gowda R, Heath PT, Hughes S, Khajuria S, Orr D, Raman M, Smith A, Turner DPJ, Whittaker E, Williams CJ, Zipitis CS, Pollard AJ, Oliver J, Morales-Aza B, Lekshmi A, Clark SA, Borrow R, Christensen H, Trotter C, Finn A, Maiden MC, and Snape MD

Subjects
Adolescent, Humans, Vaccines, Conjugate, Cross-Sectional Studies, United Kingdom epidemiology, Meningococcal Vaccines, Meningococcal Infections epidemiology, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Infections microbiology, Neisseria meningitidis genetics
Abstract

Objective: Serogroup W and Y invasive meningococcal disease increased globally from 2000 onwards. Responding to a rapid increase in serogroup W clonal complex 11 (W:cc11) invasive meningococcal disease, the UK replaced an adolescent booster dose of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine with quadrivalent MenACWY conjugate vaccine in 2015. By 2018, the vaccine coverage in the eligible school cohorts aged 14 to 19 years was 84%. We assessed the impact of the MenACWY vaccination programme on meningococcal carriage., Methods: An observational study of culture-defined oropharyngeal meningococcal carriage prevalence before and after the start of the MenACWY vaccination programme in UK school students, aged 15 to 19 years, using two cross-sectional studies: 2014 to 2015 "UKMenCar4" and 2018 "Be on the TEAM" (ISRCTN75858406)., Results: A total of 10 625 participants preimplementation and 13 438 postimplementation were included. Carriage of genogroups C, W, and Y (combined) decreased from 2.03 to 0.71% (OR 0.34 [95% CI 0.27-0.44], p < 0.001). Carriage of genogroup B meningococci did not change (1.26% vs 1.23% [95% CI 0.77-1.22], p = 0.80) and genogroup C remained rare (n = 7/10 625 vs 17/13 438, p = 0.135). The proportion of serogroup positive isolates (i.e. those expressing capsule) decreased for genogroup W by 53.8% (95% CI -5.0 - 79.8, p = 0.016) and for genogroup Y by 30.1% (95% CI 8.946·3, p = 0.0025)., Discussion: The UK MenACWY vaccination programme reduced carriage acquisition of genogroup and serogroup Y and W meningococci and sustained low levels of genogroup C carriage. These data support the use of quadrivalent MenACWY conjugate vaccine for indirect (herd) protection., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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47. Rapid Transmission of a Hyper-Virulent Meningococcal Clone Due to High Effective Contact Numbers and Super Spreaders.

Author

Holmes JC, Green LR, Oldfield NJ, Turner DPJ, and Bayliss CD

Abstract

Rapid transmission, a critical contributory factor in outbreaks of invasive meningococcal disease, requires naïve populations of sufficient size and intermingling. We examined genomic variability and transmission dynamics in a student population subject to an 11-fold increase in carriage of a hypervirulent Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W ST-11 clone. Phylogenetic clusters, mutation and recombination rates were derived by bioinformatic analyses of whole-genome sequencing data. Transmission dynamics were determined by combining observed carriage rates, cluster sizes and distributions with simple SIS models. Between 9 and 15 genetically-distinct clusters were detected and associated with seven residential halls. Clusters had low mutation accumulation rates and infrequent recombination events. Modeling indicated that effective contacts decreased from 10 to 2 per day between the start and mid-point of the university term. Transmission rates fluctuated between 1 and 4% while the R(t) for carriage decreased from an initial rate of 47 to 1. Decreases in transmission values correlated with a rise in vaccine-induced immunity. Observed carriage dynamics could be mimicked by populations containing 20% of super spreaders with 2.3-fold higher effective contact rates. We conclude that spread of this hypervirulent ST-11 meningococcal clone depends on the levels of effective contacts and immunity rather than genomic variability. Additionally, we propose that super-spreaders enhance meningococcal transmission and that a 70% MenACWY immunization level is sufficient to retard, but not fully prevent, meningococcal spread in close-contact populations., Competing Interests: CB reports grants from GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi Pasteur MSD, and Roche, outside the submitted work. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Holmes, Green, Oldfield, Turner and Bayliss.)

Published
2020
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48. The moonlighting peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin in Neisseria meningitidis binds plasminogen via a C-terminal lysine residue and contributes to survival in a whole blood model.

Author

Aljannat MAK, Oldfield NJ, Albasri HM, Dorrington LKG, Ohri RL, Wooldridge KG, and Turner DPJ

Subjects
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Glutaredoxins chemistry, Glutaredoxins genetics, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide metabolism, Meningococcal Infections diagnosis, Meningococcal Infections mortality, Mutation, Peroxiredoxins chemistry, Peroxiredoxins genetics, Plasminogen chemistry, Prognosis, Protein Binding, Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs, Glutaredoxins metabolism, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Meningococcal Infections metabolism, Meningococcal Infections microbiology, Neisseria meningitidis physiology, Peroxiredoxins metabolism, Plasminogen metabolism
Abstract

Neisseria meningitidis is a human-restricted bacterium that can invade the bloodstream and cross the blood-brain barrier resulting in life-threatening sepsis and meningitis. Meningococci express a cytoplasmic peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin (Prx5-Grx) hybrid protein that has also been identified on the bacterial surface. Here, recombinant Prx5-Grx was confirmed as a plasminogen (Plg)-binding protein, in an interaction which could be inhibited by the lysine analogue ε-aminocapronic acid. rPrx5-Grx derivatives bearing a substituted C-terminal lysine residue (rPrx5-Grx K244A ), but not the active site cysteine residue (rPrx5-Grx C185A ) or the sub-terminal rPrx5-Grx K230A lysine residue, exhibited significantly reduced Plg-binding. The absence of Prx5-Grx did not significantly reduce the ability of whole meningococcal cells to bind Plg, but under hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress, the N. meningitidis Δpxn5-grx mutant survived significantly better than the wild-type or complemented strains. Significantly, using human whole blood as a model of meningococcal bacteremia, it was found that the N. meningitidis Δpxn5-grx mutant had a survival defect compared with the parental or complemented strain, confirming an important role for Prx5-Grx in meningococcal pathogenesis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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49. Clinical experience with the meningococcal B vaccine, Bexsero(®): Prospects for reducing the burden of meningococcal serogroup B disease.

Author

Watson PS and Turner DP

Subjects
Humans, Immunization Programs, Licensure, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B, Serogroup, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Meningococcal Vaccines therapeutic use
Abstract

Although rare, invasive meningococcal disease remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children and young adults. Vaccines have been successfully introduced to help protect against meningococcal disease caused by serogroups A, C, W and Y, but until recently, a vaccine for serogroup B (MenB) was not available. In many industrialised countries, MenB causes the majority of meningococcal disease. Moreover, MenB outbreaks occur unpredictably, particularly in high-risk populations, such as university students. In 2013, Bexsero(®) became the first broad-coverage vaccine to be licensed for active immunisation against MenB disease. Bexsero is now licensed in more than 35 countries worldwide for varying age groups, including the EU, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Uruguay and the USA. Clinical recommendations for the use of Bexsero have been published in several countries. Recommendations include use in high-risk groups, outbreak control and routine infant immunisation. Since initial licensure, considerable clinical experience has been gained. In Canada, 43,740 individuals received Bexsero during a vaccination programme in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec, where local disease incidence was high. In the USA, Bexsero was administered to >15,000 individuals during two college outbreaks prior to licensure, under an Investigational New Drug protocol. In the UK, the Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation has recommended the inclusion of Bexsero in the routine immunisation schedule for infants. Publically funded vaccination programmes have been initiated in Italy, and there has been widespread use of the vaccine outside of publically reimbursed programmes. Overall, >1,000,000 doses of Bexsero have been distributed in 19 countries worldwide since 2013. The emerging clinical experience with Bexsero is consistent with findings from pre-licensure clinical studies, and no new safety concerns have been identified. Additional data on length of protection, potential impact on meningococcal carriage and transmission and strain coverage have also been published and will be reviewed., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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50. Human antibody responses to the meningococcal factor H binding protein (LP2086) during invasive disease, colonization and carriage.

Author

Ala'aldeen DA, Flint M, Oldfield NJ, Omer SA, McNeil LK, Jiang Q, Murphy E, Giardina PC, Novikova EG, Dodge-Scully IL, Bayliss CD, Turner DP, Neal KR, Hoiseth SK, Jansen KU, and Anderson AS

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial blood, Antibody Specificity, Carrier State microbiology, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin G blood, Longitudinal Studies, Meningococcal Infections prevention & control, Middle Aged, Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B immunology, Rabbits, Young Adult, Antibody Formation, Antigens, Bacterial immunology, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Carrier State immunology, Meningococcal Infections immunology
Abstract

Recombinant forms of Neisseria meningitidis factor H binding protein (fHBP) are undergoing clinical trials in candidate vaccines against serogroup B meningococcal disease. Little is known, however, about the host response to fHBP during natural carriage and disease. Here we report a longitudinal study of the antibody response to fHBP in healthy meningococcal carriers and non-carriers, and in patients with invasive meningococcal disease. Using a highly sensitive quantitative immunoassay, anti-fHBP antibodies were detected in sera from all healthy carriers and non-carriers. Carriers had significantly higher anti-fHBP antibody concentrations than non-carriers. Antibody responses similar to those seen in non-carrier subjects were detected in the sera of patients with invasive disease upon their admission to the hospital. The serum anti-fHBP antibody concentrations in these patients generally rose to reach levels similar to those seen in carriers. No correlation between levels of surface fHBP expressed in vitro by the infecting N. meningitidis strain and the magnitude of antibody responses was observed. These data suggest that fHBP is expressed in vivo during both carriage and invasive disease at levels high enough to elicit a robust antibody response., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2010
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