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6,865 results on '"Turner Paul"'

1. Wave: A Split OS Architecture for Application Engines

Author

Humphries, Jack Tigar, Natu, Neel, Kaffes, Kostis, Novaković, Stanko, Turner, Paul, Levy, Hank, Culler, David, and Kozyrakis, Christos

Subjects
Computer Science - Operating Systems
Abstract

The end of Moore's Law and the tightening performance requirements in today's clouds make re-architecting the software stack a necessity. To address this, cloud providers and vendors offload the virtualization control plane and data plane, along with the host OS data plane, to IPUs (SmartNICs), recovering scarce host resources that are then used by applications. However, the host OS control plane--encompassing kernel thread scheduling, memory management, the network stack, file systems, and more--is left on the host CPU and degrades workload performance. This paper presents Wave, a split OS architecture that moves OS subsystem policies to the IPU while keeping OS mechanisms on the host CPU. Wave not only frees host CPU resources, but it reduces host workload interference and leverages network insights on the IPU to improve policy decisions. Wave makes OS control plane offloading practical despite high host-IPU communication latency, lack of a coherent interconnect, and operation across two system images. We present Wave's design and implementation, and implement several OS subsystems in Wave, including kernel thread scheduling, the control plane for a network stack, and memory management. We then evaluate the Wave subsystems on Stubby (scheduling and network), our GCE VM service (scheduling), and RocksDB (memory management and scheduling). We demonstrate that Wave subsystems are competitive with and often superior to on-host subsystems, saving 8 host CPUs for Stubby, 16 host CPUs for database memory management, and improving VM performance by up to 11.2%.

Published
2024

2. Multiphase Flow Simulation of Blow-by and Fuel-in-Oil Dilution via the Piston Ring Pack Using the CFD Level-Set Method

Author

Antony, Patrick, Hosters, Norbert, Behr, Marek, Hopf, Anselm, Krämer, Frank, Weber, Carsten, and Turner, Paul

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Mathematics - Numerical Analysis
Abstract

Modern diesel engines temporarily use a very late post-injection in the combustion cycle to either generate heat for a diesel particulate filter regeneration or purge a lean NOx trap. In some configurations, unburned fuel is left at the cylinder walls and is transported via the piston rings toward the lower crankcase region, where fuel may dilute the oil. Reduced oil lubrication shortens the oil service intervals and increases friction. Beside diesel fuel, this problem may also occur for other types of liquid fuels such as alcohols and e-fuels. The exact transport mechanism of the unburned fuel via the piston ring pack grooves and cylinder wall is hard to measure experimentally, motivating numerical flow simulation in early design stages for an in-depth understanding of the involved processes. A new CFD simulation methodology has been developed to investigate the transient, compressible, multiphase flow around the piston ring pack, through the gap between piston and liner, and its impact on fuel or oil transport. The modern level-set approach is used for the multiphase physics, which directly captures the sharp interface between blow-by gas and fuel or oil. Transient blow-by and two-phase flow simulations have been extensively applied to a Ford 2.0L I4 diesel test engine. The results confirm the validity of the flow compressibility assumption and highlight the sensitivity of the fuel leakage regarding piston sealing ring movement and highly resolved meshes for the multiphase flow. Based on the simulation results, design recommendations for piston and piston ring geometry are provided to reduce the fuel transport toward the crankcase.

Published
2024
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3. Microbe Profile: Bacteriophage ϕ6: a model for segmented RNA viruses and the evolutionary consequences of viral ‘sex’

Author

Turner, Paul E and Chao, Lin

Subjects
Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Genetics, Infectious Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Bacteriophage phi 6, Evolution, Molecular, RNA Viruses, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Virus Replication, Mutation, adaptation, bacteria, evolution, experimental evolution, Pseudomonas, phage
Abstract

Bacteriophage ϕ6 is a segmented dsRNA virus with a lipid envelope, which are unusual traits in bacterial viruses but common in eukaryotic viruses. This uniqueness allowed ϕ6 and its Pseudomonad hosts to serve as a molecular model for RNA genetics, mutation, replication, packaging, and reassortment in both bacterial and eukaryotic viruses. However, an additional uniqueness of ϕ6, created by its high mutation rate, was its use as an experimental system to study key questions such as the evolution of sex (segment reassortment), host-pathogen interactions, mutational load, rates of adaptation, genetic and phenotypic complexity, and game theory.

Published
2024

4. The context-specificity of virulence evolution revealed through evolutionary invasion analysis

Author

Surasinghe, Sudam, Kabengele, Ketty, Turner, Paul E., and Ogbunugafor, C. Brandon

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution
Abstract

Models are often employed to integrate knowledge about epidemics across scales and simulate disease dynamics. While these approaches have played a central role in studying the mechanics underlying epidemics, we lack ways to reliably predict how the relationship between virulence (the harm to hosts caused by an infection) and transmission will evolve in certain virus-host contexts. In this study, we invoke evolutionary invasion analysis -- a method used to identify the evolution of uninvadable strategies in dynamical systems -- to examine how the virulence-transmission dichotomy can evolve in models of virus infections defined by different natural histories. We reveal that peculiar ecologies drive different evolved relationships between virulence and transmission. Specifically, we discover patterns of virulence evolution between epidemics of various kinds (SARS-CoV-2 and hepatitis C virus) and that varying definitions of virulence alter our predictions for how viruses will evolve. We discuss the findings in light of contemporary conversations in the public health sector around the possibility of predicting virus evolution and in more extensive theoretical discussions involving virulence evolution in emerging infectious diseases.

Published
2023

6. Updated guidance regarding the risk of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines and recommended evaluation and management: A GRADE assessment and international consensus approach.

Author

Greenhawt, Matthew, Dribin, Timothy, Abrams, Elissa, Shaker, Marcus, Chu, Derek, Golden, David, Akin, Cem, Anagnostou, Akterini, ALMuhizi, Faisal, Alqurashi, Waleed, Arkwright, Peter, Baldwin, James, Banerji, Aleena, Bégin, Philippe, Ben-Shoshan, Moshe, Bernstein, Jonathan, Bingemann, Theresa, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Blumenthal, Kim, Byrne, Aideen, Cahill, Julia, Cameron, Scott, Campbell, Dianne, Campbell, Ronna, Cavender, Michael, Chan, Edmond, Chinthrajah, Sharon, Comberiati, Pasquale, Eastman, Jacqueline, Ellis, Anne, Fleischer, David, Fox, Adam, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, Pamela, Gagnon, Remi, Garvey, Lene, Grayson, Mitchell, Isabwe, Ghislaine, Hartog, Nicholas, Hendron, David, Horner, Caroline, Hourihane, Johnathan, Iglesia, Edward, Kan, Manstein, Kaplan, Blanka, Katelaris, Constance, Kim, Harold, Kelso, John, Khan, David, Lang, David, Ledford, Dennis, Levin, Michael, Lieberman, Jay, Loh, Richard, Mack, Douglas, Mazer, Bruce, Mody, Ketan, Mosnaim, Gisele, Munblit, Daniel, Mustafa, S, Nanda, Anil, Nathan, Richard, Oppenheimer, John, Otani, Iris, Park, Miguel, Pawankar, Ruby, Perrett, Kirsten, Peter, Jonny, Phillips, Elizabeth, Picard, Matthieu, Pitlick, Mitchell, Ramsey, Allison, Rasmussen, Trine, Rathkopf, Melinda, Reddy, Hari, Robertson, Kara, Rodriguez Del Rio, Pablo, Sample, Stephen, Sheshadri, Ajay, Sheik, Javed, Sindher, Sayantani, Spergel, Jonathan, Stone, Cosby, Stukus, David, Tang, Mimi, Tracy, James, Turner, Paul, Vander Leek, Timothy, Wallace, Dana, Wang, Julie, Wasserman, Susan, Weldon, David, Wolfson, Anna, Worm, Margitta, and Yacoub, Mona-Rita

Subjects
COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, allergic reactions, anaphylaxis, mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, polyethylene glycol, polysorbate 80, repeat allergic reactions, skin testing, vaccination, Humans, COVID-19 Vaccines, GRADE Approach, Consensus, Vaccine Excipients, COVID-19, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Anaphylaxis, Excipients
Abstract

This guidance updates 2021 GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) recommendations regarding immediate allergic reactions following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and addresses revaccinating individuals with first-dose allergic reactions and allergy testing to determine revaccination outcomes. Recent meta-analyses assessed the incidence of severe allergic reactions to initial COVID-19 vaccination, risk of mRNA-COVID-19 revaccination after an initial reaction, and diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19 vaccine and vaccine excipient testing in predicting reactions. GRADE methods informed rating the certainty of evidence and strength of recommendations. A modified Delphi panel consisting of experts in allergy, anaphylaxis, vaccinology, infectious diseases, emergency medicine, and primary care from Australia, Canada, Europe, Japan, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States formed the recommendations. We recommend vaccination for persons without COVID-19 vaccine excipient allergy and revaccination after a prior immediate allergic reaction. We suggest against >15-minute postvaccination observation. We recommend against mRNA vaccine or excipient skin testing to predict outcomes. We suggest revaccination of persons with an immediate allergic reaction to the mRNA vaccine or excipients be performed by a person with vaccine allergy expertise in a properly equipped setting. We suggest against premedication, split-dosing, or special precautions because of a comorbid allergic history.

Published
2023

10. Quadratis Puzzles

Author

Gutiérrez, Mario, Parlier, Hugo, and Turner, Paul

Subjects
Mathematics - Geometric Topology, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Mathematics - History and Overview
Abstract

We introduce a family of reconfiguration puzzles arising from ideas in geometry and topology. We present their construction from square-tiled shapes, discuss some of the underlying mathematics and describe how they are naturally associated to puzzle spaces which can be explored through visualization., Comment: 8 pages, presented at Bridges 2022

Published
2022

11. The future of evolutionary medicine: sparking innovation in biomedicine and public health.

Author

Natterson-Horowitz, B, Aktipis, Athena, Fox, Molly, Gluckman, Peter, Low, Felicia, Mace, Ruth, Read, Andrew, Turner, Paul, and Blumstein, Daniel

Subjects
adaptation, evolutionary medicine, innovation, life-history, mismatch, public health, resistance, trade-off
Abstract

Evolutionary medicine - i.e. the application of insights from evolution and ecology to biomedicine - has tremendous untapped potential to spark transformational innovation in biomedical research, clinical care and public health. Fundamentally, a systematic mapping across the full diversity of life is required to identify animal model systems for disease vulnerability, resistance, and counter-resistance that could lead to novel clinical treatments. Evolutionary dynamics should guide novel therapeutic approaches that target the development of treatment resistance in cancers (e.g., via adaptive or extinction therapy) and antimicrobial resistance (e.g., via innovations in chemistry, antimicrobial usage, and phage therapy). With respect to public health, the insight that many modern human pathologies (e.g., obesity) result from mismatches between the ecologies in which we evolved and our modern environments has important implications for disease prevention. Life-history evolution can also shed important light on patterns of disease burden, for example in reproductive health. Experience during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has underlined the critical role of evolutionary dynamics (e.g., with respect to virulence and transmissibility) in predicting and managing this and future pandemics, and in using evolutionary principles to understand and address aspects of human behavior that impede biomedical innovation and public health (e.g., unhealthy behaviors and vaccine hesitancy). In conclusion, greater interdisciplinary collaboration is vital to systematically leverage the insight-generating power of evolutionary medicine to better understand, prevent, and treat existing and emerging threats to human, animal, and planetary health.

Published
2023

13. Time to ACT-UP: Update on precautionary allergen labelling (PAL)

Author

Turner, Paul J., Bognanni, Antonio, Arasi, Stefania, Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Schnadt, Sabine, Vieille, Sébastien La, Hourihane, Jonathan O’B., Zuberbier, Torsten, Eigenmann, Philippe, Ebisawa, Motohiro, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Barnett, Julie, Martin, Bryan, Monaci, Linda, Roberts, Graham, Wong, Gary, Gupta, Ruchi, Tsabouri, Sophia, Mills, Clare, Brooke-Taylor, Simon, Bartra, Joan, Levin, Michael, Groetch, Marion, Tanno, Luciana, Hossny, Elham, Weber, Barbara Ballmer, Fierro, Vincenzo, Remington, Ben, Gerdts, Jennifer, Gowland, M. Hazel, Chu, Derek, Van Ravenhorst, Marjan, Koplin, Jennifer, and Fiocchi, Alessandro

Published
2024
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15. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050

Author

Naghavi, Mohsen, Vollset, Stein Emil, Ikuta, Kevin S, Swetschinski, Lucien R, Gray, Authia P, Wool, Eve E, Robles Aguilar, Gisela, Mestrovic, Tomislav, Smith, Georgia, Han, Chieh, Hsu, Rebecca L, Chalek, Julian, Araki, Daniel T, Chung, Erin, Raggi, Catalina, Gershberg Hayoon, Anna, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Lindstedt, Paulina A, Smith, Amanda E, Altay, Umut, Bhattacharjee, Natalia V, Giannakis, Konstantinos, Fell, Frederick, McManigal, Barney, Ekapirat, Nattwut, Mendes, Jessica Andretta, Runghien, Tilleye, Srimokla, Oraya, Abdelkader, Atef, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abualruz, Hasan, Abubakar, Usman, Abukhadijah, Hana J, Aburuz, Salahdein, Abu-Zaid, Ahmed, Achalapong, Sureerak, Addo, Isaac Yeboah, Adekanmbi, Victor, Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther, Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah, Adzigbli, Leticia Akua, Afzal, Muhammad Sohail, Afzal, Saira, Agodi, Antonella, Ahlstrom, Austin J, Ahmad, Aqeel, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmed, Ayman, Ahmed, Haroon, Ahmed, Ibrar, Ahmed, Mohammed, Ahmed, Saeed, Ahmed, Syed Anees, Akkaif, Mohammed Ahmed, Al Awaidy, Salah, Al Thaher, Yazan, Alalalmeh, Samer O, AlBataineh, Mohammad T, Aldhaleei, Wafa A, Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed, Alhaji, Nma Bida, Ali, Abid, Ali, Liaqat, Ali, Syed Shujait, Ali, Waad, Allel, Kasim, Al-Marwani, Sabah, Alrawashdeh, Ahmad, Altaf, Awais, Al-Tammemi, Alaa B., Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A, Alzoubi, Karem H, Al-Zyoud, Walid Adnan, Amos, Ben, Amuasi, John H, Ancuceanu, Robert, Andrews, Jason R, Anil, Abhishek, Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola, Anvari, Saeid, Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward, Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace, Arabloo, Jalal, Arafat, Mosab, Aravkin, Aleksandr Y, Areda, Demelash, Aremu, Abdulfatai, Artamonov, Anton A, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Asika, Marvellous O, Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin, Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi, Awoke, Tewachew, Azadnajafabad, Sina, Azam, James Mba, Aziz, Shahkaar, Azzam, Ahmed Y., Babaei, Mahsa, Babin, Francois-Xavier, Badar, Muhammad, Baig, Atif Amin, Bajcetic, Milica, Baker, Stephen, Bardhan, Mainak, Barqawi, Hiba Jawdat, Basharat, Zarrin, Basiru, Afisu, Bastard, Mathieu, Basu, Saurav, Bayleyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew, Belete, Melaku Ashagrie, Bello, Olorunjuwon Omolaja, Beloukas, Apostolos, Berkley, James A, Bhagavathula, Akshaya Srikanth, Bhaskar, Sonu, Bhuyan, Soumitra S, Bielicki, Julia A, Briko, Nikolay Ivanovich, Brown, Colin Stewart, Browne, Annie J, Buonsenso, Danilo, Bustanji, Yasser, Carvalheiro, Cristina G, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Cenderadewi, Muthia, Chadwick, Joshua, Chakraborty, Sandip, Chandika, Rama Mohan, Chandy, Sara, Chansamouth, Vilada, Chattu, Vijay Kumar, Chaudhary, Anis Ahmad, Ching, Patrick R, Chopra, Hitesh, Chowdhury, Fazle Rabbi, Chu, Dinh-Toi, Chutiyami, Muhammad, Cruz-Martins, Natalia, da Silva, Alanna Gomes, Dadras, Omid, Dai, Xiaochen, Darcho, Samuel D, Das, Saswati, De la Hoz, Fernando Pio, Dekker, Denise Myriam, Dhama, Kuldeep, Diaz, Daniel, Dickson, Benjamin Felix Rothschild, Djorie, Serge Ghislain, Dodangeh, Milad, Dohare, Sushil, Dokova, Klara Georgieva, Doshi, Ojas Prakashbhai, Dowou, Robert Kokou, Dsouza, Haneil Larson, Dunachie, Susanna J, Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian, Eckmanns, Tim, Ed-Dra, Abdelaziz, Eftekharimehrabad, Aziz, Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus, El Sayed, Iman, Elhadi, Muhammed, El-Huneidi, Waseem, Elias, Christelle, Ellis, Sally J, Elsheikh, Randa, Elsohaby, Ibrahim, Eltaha, Chadi, Eshrati, Babak, Eslami, Majid, Eyre, David William, Fadaka, Adewale Oluwaseun, Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis, Fahim, Ayesha, Fakhri-Demeshghieh, Aliasghar, Fasina, Folorunso Oludayo, Fasina, Modupe Margaret, Fatehizadeh, Ali, Feasey, Nicholas A, Feizkhah, Alireza, Fekadu, Ginenus, Fischer, Florian, Fitriana, Ida, Forrest, Karen M, Fortuna Rodrigues, Celia, Fuller, John E, Gadanya, Muktar A, Gajdács, Márió, Gandhi, Aravind P, Garcia-Gallo, Esteban E, Garrett, Denise O, Gautam, Rupesh K, Gebregergis, Miglas Welay, Gebrehiwot, Mesfin, Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru, Geffers, Christine, Georgalis, Leonidas, Ghazy, Ramy Mohamed, Golechha, Mahaveer, Golinelli, Davide, Gordon, Melita, Gulati, Snigdha, Gupta, Rajat Das, Gupta, Sapna, Gupta, Vijai Kumar, Habteyohannes, Awoke Derbie, Haller, Sebastian, Harapan, Harapan, Harrison, Michelle L, Hasaballah, Ahmed I, Hasan, Ikramul, Hasan, Rumina Syeda, Hasani, Hamidreza, Haselbeck, Andrea Haekyung, Hasnain, Md Saquib, Hassan, Ikrama Ibrahim, Hassan, Shoaib, Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Mahgol Sadat, Hayat, Khezar, He, Jiawei, Hegazi, Omar E, Heidari, Mohammad, Hezam, Kamal, Holla, Ramesh, Holm, Marianne, Hopkins, Heidi, Hossain, Md Mahbub, Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hussein, Nawfal R, Huy, Le Duc, Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D, Ikiroma, Adalia, Ilic, Irena M, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Ismail, Faisal, Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah, Iwu, Chidozie Declan, Iwu-Jaja, Chinwe Juliana, Jafarzadeh, Abdollah, Jaiteh, Fatoumatta, Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Reza, Jamora, Roland Dominic G, Javidnia, Javad, Jawaid, Talha, Jenney, Adam W J, Jeon, Hyon Jin, Jokar, Mohammad, Jomehzadeh, Nabi, Joo, Tamas, Joseph, Nitin, Kamal, Zul, Kanmodi, Kehinde Kazeem, Kantar, Rami S, Kapisi, James Apollo, Karaye, Ibraheem M, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khajuria, Himanshu, Khalid, Nauman, Khamesipour, Faham, Khan, Ajmal, Khan, Mohammad Jobair, Khan, Muhammad Tariq, Khanal, Vishnu, Khidri, Feriha Fatima, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kim, Min Seo, Kisa, Adnan, Korshunov, Vladimir Andreevich, Krapp, Fiorella, Krumkamp, Ralf, Kuddus, Mohammed, Kulimbet, Mukhtar, Kumar, Dewesh, Kumaran, Emmanuelle A P, Kuttikkattu, Ambily, Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe, Landires, Iván, Lawal, Basira Kankia, Le, Thao Thi Thu, Lederer, Ingeborg Maria, Lee, Munjae, Lee, Seung Won, Lepape, Alain, Lerango, Temesgen Leka, Ligade, Virendra S, Lim, Cherry, Lim, Stephen S, Limenh, Liknaw Workie, Liu, Chaojie, Liu, Xiaofeng, Liu, Xuefeng, Loftus, Michael J, M Amin, Hawraz Ibrahim, Maass, Kelsey Lynn, Maharaj, Sandeep B, Mahmoud, Mansour Adam, Maikanti-Charalampous, Panagiota, Makram, Omar M, Malhotra, Kashish, Malik, Ahmad Azam, Mandilara, Georgia D, Marks, Florian, Martinez-Guerra, Bernardo Alfonso, Martorell, Miquel, Masoumi-Asl, Hossein, Mathioudakis, Alexander G, May, Juergen, McHugh, Theresa A, Meiring, James, Meles, Hadush Negash, Melese, Addisu, Melese, Endalkachew Belayneh, Minervini, Giuseppe, Mohamed, Nouh Saad, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mohan, Syam, Mokdad, Ali H, Monasta, Lorenzo, Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli, Moore, Catrin E, Moradi, Yousef, Mossialos, Elias, Mougin, Vincent, Mukoro, George Duke, Mulita, Francesk, Muller-Pebody, Berit, Murillo-Zamora, Efren, Musa, Sani, Musicha, Patrick, Musila, Lillian A, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagarajan, Ahamarshan Jayaraman, Naghavi, Pirouz, Nainu, Firzan, Nair, Tapas Sadasivan, Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid, Natto, Zuhair S, Nauman, Javaid, Nayak, Biswa Prakash, Nchanji, G Takop, Ndishimye, Pacifique, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Nejadghaderi, Seyed Aria, Nguyen, QuynhAnh P, Noman, Efaq Ali, Nwakanma, Davis C, O'Brien, Seamus, Ochoa, Theresa J, Odetokun, Ismail A, Ogundijo, Oluwaseun Adeolu, Ojo-Akosile, Tolulope R, Okeke, Sylvester Reuben, Okonji, Osaretin Christabel, Olagunju, Andrew T, Olivas-Martinez, Antonio, Olorukooba, Abdulhakeem Abayomi, Olwoch, Peter, Onyedibe, Kenneth Ikenna, Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar, Osuolale, Olayinka, Ounchanum, Pradthana, Oyeyemi, Oyetunde T, P A, Mahesh Padukudru, Paredes, Jose L, Parikh, Romil R, Patel, Jay, Patil, Shankargouda, Pawar, Shrikant, Peleg, Anton Y, Peprah, Prince, Perdigão, João, Perrone, Carlo, Petcu, Ionela-Roxana, Phommasone, Koukeo, Piracha, Zahra Zahid, Poddighe, Dimitri, Pollard, Andrew J, Poluru, Ramesh, Ponce-De-Leon, Alfredo, Puvvula, Jagadeesh, Qamar, Farah Naz, Qasim, Nameer Hashim, Rafai, Clotaire Donatien, Raghav, Pankaja, Rahbarnia, Leila, Rahim, Fakher, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mosiur, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Ramadan, Hazem, Ramasamy, Shakthi Kumaran, Ramesh, Pushkal Sinduvadi, Ramteke, Pramod W, Rana, Rishabh Kumar, Rani, Usha, Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi, Rathish, Devarajan, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Rawaf, Salman, Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Roberts, Tamalee, Robotham, Julie V, Rosenthal, Victor Daniel, Ross, Allen Guy, Roy, Nitai, Rudd, Kristina E, Sabet, Cameron John, Saddik, Basema Ahmad, Saeb, Mohammad Reza, Saeed, Umar, Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar, Saengchan, Weeravoot, Safaei, Mohsen, Saghazadeh, Amene, Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop, Sahu, Maitreyi, Saki, Morteza, Salam, Nasir, Saleem, Zikria, Saleh, Mohamed A, Samodra, Yoseph Leonardo, Samy, Abdallah M, Saravanan, Aswini, Satpathy, Maheswar, Schumacher, Austin E, Sedighi, Mansour, Seekaew, Samroeng, Shafie, Mahan, Shah, Pritik A, Shahid, Samiah, Shahwan, Moyad Jamal, Shakoor, Sadia, Shalev, Noga, Shamim, Muhammad Aaqib, Shamshirgaran, Mohammad Ali, Shamsi, Anas, Sharifan, Amin, Shastry, Rajesh P, Shetty, Mahabalesh, Shittu, Aminu, Shrestha, Sunil, Siddig, Emmanuel Edwar, Sideroglou, Theologia, Sifuentes-Osornio, Jose, Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues, Simões, Eric A F, Simpson, Andrew J H, Singh, Amit, Singh, Surjit, Sinto, Robert, Soliman, Sameh S M, Soraneh, Soroush, Stoesser, Nicole, Stoeva, Temenuga Zhekova, Swain, Chandan Kumar, Szarpak, Lukasz, T Y, Sree Sudha, Tabatabai, Shima, Tabche, Celine, Taha, Zanan Mohammed-Ameen, Tan, Ker-Kan, Tasak, Nidanuch, Tat, Nathan Y, Thaiprakong, Areerat, Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan, Tigoi, Caroline Chepngeno, Tiwari, Krishna, Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto, Tran, Thang Huu, Tumurkhuu, Munkhtuya, Turner, Paul, Udoakang, Aniefiok John, Udoh, Arit, Ullah, Noor, Ullah, Saeed, Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj, Valenti, Mario, Vos, Theo, Vu, Huong T L, Waheed, Yasir, Walker, Ann Sarah, Walson, Judd L, Wangrangsimakul, Tri, Weerakoon, Kosala Gayan, Wertheim, Heiman F L, Williams, Phoebe C M, Wolde, Asrat Arja, Wozniak, Teresa M, Wu, Felicia, Wu, Zenghong, Yadav, Mukesh Kumar Kumar, Yaghoubi, Sajad, Yahaya, Zwanden Sule, Yarahmadi, Amir, Yezli, Saber, Yismaw, Yazachew Engida, Yon, Dong Keon, Yuan, Chun-Wei, Yusuf, Hadiza, Zakham, Fathiah, Zamagni, Giulia, Zhang, Haijun, Zhang, Zhi-Jiang, Zielińska, Magdalena, Zumla, Alimuddin, Zyoud, Sa'ed H. H, Zyoud, Samer H, Hay, Simon I, Stergachis, Andy, Sartorius, Benn, Cooper, Ben S, Dolecek, Christiane, and Murray, Christopher J L

Published
2024
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16. Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion of the donor heart in heart transplantation: the short-term outcome from a randomised, controlled, open-label, multicentre clinical trial

Author

Van Cleemput, Johan, Degezelle, Karlien, Wert, Leonhard, Yeter, Ruhi, Lichtenber, Artur, Aubin, Hug, Görler, Adelheid, Freyt, Susanne, McDiamud, Adam, Jungschleger, Jerome, Mukadam, Majid, Turner, Paul, Mullen, Rebecca, Hernández, Francisco, Ospina, Victor, Jonsson, Kristjan, Ternström, Lisa, Al Kalbany, Hamed, Djavidi, Nima, Fabozzo, Assunta, Pradegan, Nicola, Aliabadi-Zuckermann, Arezu, Osorio, Emilio, Rega, Filip, Lebreton, Guillaume, Para, Marylou, Michel, Sebastian, Schramm, René, Begot, Emmanuelle, Vandendriessche, Katrien, Kamla, Christine, Gerosa, Gino, Berman, Marius, Boeken, Udo, Clark, Steven, Ranasinghe, Aaron, Ius, Fabio, Forteza, Alberta, Pivodic, Aldina, Hennig, Felix, Guenther, Sabina, Zuckermann, Andreas, Knosalla, Christoph, Dellgren, Göran, and Wallinder, Andreas

Published
2024
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17. Surgical Techniques and Related Perioperative Outcomes After Robot-assisted Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy (RAMIG): Results From the Prospective Multicenter International Ugira Gastric Registry

Author

de Jongh, Cas, Cianchi, Fabio, Kinoshita, Takahiro, Kingma, Feike, Piccoli, Micaela, Dubecz, Attila, Kouwenhoven, Ewout, van Det, Marc, Mala, Tom, Coratti, Andrea, Ubiali, Paolo, Turner, Paul, Kish, Pursnani, Borghi, Felice, Immanuel, Arul, Nilsson, Magnus, Rouvelas, Ioannis, Holzen, Jens P., Rouanet, Philippe, Saint-Marc, Olivier, Dussart, David, Patriti, Alberto, Bazzocchi, Francesca, van Etten, Boudewijn, Haveman, Jan W., DePrizio, Marco, Sabino, Flávio, Viola, Massimo, Berlth, Felix, Grimminger, Peter P., Roviello, Franco, van Hillegersberg, Richard, Ruurda, Jelle, Barbato, Giuseppe, Takeuchi, Tamae, Yura, Masahiro, Pecchini, Francesca, Mullineris, Barbara, Kemeter, Melissa, Giulini, Luca, Førland, Dag, Di Marino, Michele, Tribuzi, Angela, Maffeis, Federica, Velkoski, Jaqueline, Sarantitis, Ioannis, Marano, Alessandra, Robella, Manuela, Jaretzke, Helen, Ri, Motonari, Juratli, Mazen, Mourregot, Anne, Petrelli, Filippo, Biancafarina, Alessia, Barbieri, Vittoria, Uzun, Eren, Marano, Luigi, d’Ignazio, Alessia, and Resca, Luca

Published
2024
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20. Preparing Patients for Oral Immunotherapy (PPOINT): International Delphi consensus for procedural preparation and consent

Author

Mack, Douglas P., Dribin, Timothy E., Turner, Paul J., Wasserman, Richard L., Hanna, Mariam A., Shaker, Marcus, Tang, Mimi L.K., Rodríguez del Río, Pablo, Sobolewski, Brad, Abrams, Elissa M., Anagnostou, Aikaterini, Arasi, Stefania, Bajowala, Sakina, Bégin, Philippe, Cameron, Scott B., Chan, Edmond S., Chinthrajah, Sharon, Clark, Andrew T., Detjen, Paul, du Toit, George, Ebisawa, Motohiro, Elizur, Arnon, Factor, Jeffrey M., Greiwe, Justin, O’B Hourihane, Jonathan, Hughes, Sarah W., Jones, Douglas H., Muraro, Antonella, Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna, Patel, Nandinee B., Scurlock, Amy M., Shah, Atul N., Sindher, Sayantani B., Tilles, Stephen, Vickery, Brian P., Wang, Julie, Windom, Hugh H., and Greenhawt, Matthew

Published
2024
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23. Streptococcus pneumoniae as a colonizing agent of the Nasopharynx - Oropharynx in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Lozada, Julián, Gómez, Juan Olivella, Serrano-Mayorga, Cristian C., Viñán Garcés, André Emilio, Enciso, Valeria, Mendez-Castillo, Lina, Acosta-González, Alejandro, Bustos, Ingrid G., Fuentes, Yuli V., Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D., Crispin, Ana M., Delgado-Cañaveral, María C., Morales Celis, Lina María, Jaimes, Diego, Turner, Paul, and Reyes, Luis Felipe

Published
2024
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24. Updated grading system for systemic allergic reactions: Joint Statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee and Allergen Immunotherapy Committee

Author

Turner, Paul J., Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Campbell, Dianne E., Cardona, Victoria, Carr, Stuart, Custovic, Adnan, Durham, Stephen, Ebisawa, Motohiro, Geller, Mario, Gonzalez-Estrada, Alexei, Greenberger, Paul A., Hossny, Elham, Irani, Carla, Leung, Agnes S.Y., Levin, Michael E., Muraro, Antonella, Oppenheimer, John J., Ortega Martell, José Antonio, Pouessel, Guillaume, Rial, Manuel J., Senna, Gianenrico, Tanno, Luciana K., Wallace, Dana V., Worm, Margitta, and Morais-Almeida, Mário

Published
2024
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27. Model Systems to Study the Chronic, Polymicrobial Infections in Cystic Fibrosis: Current Approaches and Exploring Future Directions

Author

O’Toole, George A, Crabbé, Aurélie, Kümmerli, Rolf, LiPuma, John J, Bomberger, Jennifer M, Davies, Jane C, Limoli, Dominique, Phelan, Vanessa V, Bliska, James B, DePas, William H, Dietrich, Lars E, Hampton, Thomas H, Hunter, Ryan, Khursigara, Cezar M, Price-Whelan, Alexa, Ashare, Alix, Cramer, Robert A, Goldberg, Joanna B, Harrison, Freya, Hogan, Deborah A, Henson, Michael A, Madden, Dean R, Mayers, Jared R, Nadell, Carey, Newman, Dianne, Prince, Alice, Rivett, Damian W, Schwartzman, Joseph D, Schultz, Daniel, Sheppard, Donald C, Smyth, Alan R, Spero, Melanie A, Stanton, Bruce A, Turner, Paul E, van der Gast, Chris, Whelan, Fiona J, Whitaker, Rachel, and Whiteson, Katrine

Subjects
Infectious Diseases, Rare Diseases, Cystic Fibrosis, Lung, Infection, Congenital, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Biofilms, Coinfection, Humans, Microbial Interactions, Models, Biological, Persistent Infection, Respiratory System, cystic fibrosis, models, polymicrobial, airway, chronic infection, Microbiology
Abstract

A recent workshop titled "Developing Models to Study Polymicrobial Infections," sponsored by the Dartmouth Cystic Fibrosis Center (DartCF), explored the development of new models to study the polymicrobial infections associated with the airways of persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). The workshop gathered 35+ investigators over two virtual sessions. Here, we present the findings of this workshop, summarize some of the challenges involved with developing such models, and suggest three frameworks to tackle this complex problem. The frameworks proposed here, we believe, could be generally useful in developing new model systems for other infectious diseases. Developing and validating new approaches to study the complex polymicrobial communities in the CF airway could open windows to new therapeutics to treat these recalcitrant infections, as well as uncovering organizing principles applicable to chronic polymicrobial infections more generally.

Published
2021

28. Model Systems to Study the Chronic, Polymicrobial Infections in Cystic Fibrosis: Current Approaches and Exploring Future Directions.

Author

O'Toole, George A, Crabbé, Aurélie, Kümmerli, Rolf, LiPuma, John J, Bomberger, Jennifer M, Davies, Jane C, Limoli, Dominique, Phelan, Vanessa V, Bliska, James B, DePas, William H, Dietrich, Lars E, Hampton, Thomas H, Hunter, Ryan, Khursigara, Cezar M, Price-Whelan, Alexa, Ashare, Alix, Cramer, Robert A, Goldberg, Joanna B, Harrison, Freya, Hogan, Deborah A, Henson, Michael A, Madden, Dean R, Mayers, Jared R, Nadell, Carey, Newman, Dianne, Prince, Alice, Rivett, Damian W, Schwartzman, Joseph D, Schultz, Daniel, Sheppard, Donald C, Smyth, Alan R, Spero, Melanie A, Stanton, Bruce A, Turner, Paul E, van der Gast, Chris, Whelan, Fiona J, Whitaker, Rachel, and Whiteson, Katrine

Subjects
airway, chronic infection, cystic fibrosis, models, polymicrobial, Lung, Cystic Fibrosis, Infectious Diseases, Rare Diseases, Congenital, Infection, Microbiology
Abstract

A recent workshop titled "Developing Models to Study Polymicrobial Infections," sponsored by the Dartmouth Cystic Fibrosis Center (DartCF), explored the development of new models to study the polymicrobial infections associated with the airways of persons with cystic fibrosis (CF). The workshop gathered 35+ investigators over two virtual sessions. Here, we present the findings of this workshop, summarize some of the challenges involved with developing such models, and suggest three frameworks to tackle this complex problem. The frameworks proposed here, we believe, could be generally useful in developing new model systems for other infectious diseases. Developing and validating new approaches to study the complex polymicrobial communities in the CF airway could open windows to new therapeutics to treat these recalcitrant infections, as well as uncovering organizing principles applicable to chronic polymicrobial infections more generally.

Published
2021

29. WHO global research priorities for antimicrobial resistance in human health

Author

Aanensen, David, Alanio, Alexandre, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Alemayehu, Tinsae, Al-Hasan, Majdi, Allegaert, Karel, Al-Maani, Amal Saif, Al-Salman, Jameela, Alshukairi, Abeer Nizar, Amir, Afreenish, Applegate, Tanya, Araj, George F, Villalobos, Marlen Arce, Årdal, Christine, Ashiru-Oredope, Diane, Ashley, Elizabeth A, Babin, François-Xavier, Bachmann, Laura H, Bachmann, Till, Baker, Kate Susan, Balasegaram, Manica, Bamford, Colleen, Baquero, Fernando, Barcelona, Laura Isabel, Bassat, Quique, Bassetti, Matteo, Basu, Sulagna, Beardsley, Justin, Vásquez, Grey Benoit, Berkley, James A, Bhatnagar, Anuj K, Bielicki, Julia, Bines, Julie, Bongomin, Felix, Bonomo, Robert A, Bradley, John S, Bradshaw, Catriona, Brett, Ana, Brink, Adrian, Brown, Colin, Brown, Jeremy, Buising, Kirsty, Carson, Carolee, Carvalho, Anna Cristina, Castagnola, Elio, Cavaleri, Marco, Cecchini, Michele, Chabala, Chishala, Chaisson, Richard E, Chakrabarti, Arunaloke, Chandler, Clare, Chandy, Sujith John, Charani, Esmita, Chen, Lisa, Chiara, Francesca, Chowdhary, Anuradha, Chua, Arlene, Chuki, Pem, Chun, Doo Ryeon, Churchyard, Gavin, Cirillo, Daniela, Clack, Lauren, Coffin, Susan E, Cohn, Jennifer, Cole, Michelle, Conly, John, Cooper, Ben, Corso, Alejandra, Cosgrove, Sara E, Cox, Helen, Daley, Charles L, Darboe, Saffiatou, Darton, Tom, Davies, Gerry, de Egea, Viviana, Dedeić-Ljubović, Amela, Deeves, Miranda, Denkinger, Claudia, Dillon, Jo-Anne R, Dramowski, Angela, Eley, Brian, Roberta Esposito, Susanna Maria, Essack, Sabiha Y, Farida, Helmia, Farooqi, Joveria, Feasey, Nicholas, Ferreyra, Cecilia, Fifer, Helen, Finlayson, Heather, Frick, Mike, Gales, Ana Cristina, Galli, Luisa, Gandra, Sumanth, Gerber, Jeffrey S, Giske, Christian, Gordon, Bruce, Govender, Nelesh, Guessennd, Nathalie, Guindo, Ibrehima, Gurbanova, Elmira, Gwee, Amanda, Hagen, Ferry, Harbarth, Stephan, Haze, John, Heim, Jutta, Hendriksen, Rene, Heyderman, Robert Simon, Holt, Kathryn Elizabeth, Hönigl, Martin, Hook, Edward W, Hope, William, Hopkins, Heidi, Hughes, Gwenda, Ismail, Ghada, Issack, Mohammad Iqbal, Jacobs, Jan, Jasovský, Dušan, Jehan, Fyeza, Pearson, Antonieta Jimenez, Jones, Makoto, Joshi, Mohan P, Kapil, Arti, Kariuki, Samuel, Karkey, Abhilasha, Kearns, Gregory L, Keddy, Karen Helena, Khanna, Nina, Kitamura, Akiko, Kolho, Kaija-Leena, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Kotwani, Anita, Kozlov, Roman S, Kranzer, Katharina, Kularatne, Ranmini, Lahra, Monica M, Langford, Bradley J, Laniado-Laborin, Rafael, Larsson, Joakim, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Le Doare, Kirsty, Lee, Hyukmin, Lessa, Fernanda, Levin, Anna S, Limmathurotsakul, Direk, Lincopan, Nilton, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Lodha, Rakesh, Loeb, Mark, Longtin, Yves, Lye, David Chien, Mahmud, Asif Mujtaba, Manaia, Célia, Manderson, Lenore, Mareković, Ivana, Marimuthu, Kalisvar, Martin, Irene, Mashe, Tapfumanei, Mei, Zeng, Meis, Jacques F, Lyra Tavares De Melo, Flávio Augusto, Mendelson, Marc, Miranda, Angelica Espinosa, Moore, David, Morel, Chantal, Moremi, Nyambura, Moro, Maria Luisa, Moussy, Francis, Mshana, Stephen, Mueller, Arno, Ndow, Francis J, Nicol, Mark, Nunn, Andrew, Obaro, Stephen, Obiero, Christina W, Okeke, Iruka N, Okomo, Uduak, Okwor, Tochi J, Oladele, Rita, Omulo, Sylvia, Ondoa, Pascale, Ortellado de Canese, Juana Medarda, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Padoveze, Maria Clara, Pai, Madhukar, Park, Benjamin, Parkhill, Julian, Parry, Christopher M, Peeling, Rosanna, Sobreira Vieira Peixe, Luísa Maria, Perovic, Olga, Pettigrew, Melinda M, Principi, Nicola, Pulcini, Céline, Puspandari, Nelly, Rawson, Timothy, Reddy, Denasha Lavanya, Reddy, Kessendri, Redner, Paulo, Rodríguez Tudela, Juan Luis, Rodríguez-Baño, Jesús, Van Katwyk, Susan Rogers, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rollier, Christine, Rollock, Leslie, Ronat, Jean-Baptiste, Ruppe, Etienne, Sadarangani, Manish, Salisbury, David, Salou, Mounerou, Samison, Luc Hervé, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Sartelli, Massimo, Schellack, Natalie, Schouten, Jeroen, Schwaber, Mitchell J, Seni, Jeremiah, Senok, Abiola, Shafer, William M, Shakoor, Sadia, Sheppard, Donald, Shin, Jong-Hee, Sia, Sonia, Sievert, Dawn, Singh, Ishwar, Singla, Rupak, Skov, Robert Leo, Soge, Olusegun O, Sprute, Rosanne, Srinivasan, Arjun, Srinivasan, Subasree, Sundsfjord, Arnfinn, Tacconelli, Evelina, Tahseen, Sabira, Tangcharoensathien, Viroj, Tängdén, Thomas, Thursky, Karin, Thwaites, Guy, Tigulini de Souza Peral, Renata, Tong, Deborah, Tootla, Hafsah Deepa, Tsioutis, Constantinos, Turner, Katy M, Turner, Paul, Omar, Shaheed Vally, van de Sande, Wendy WJ, van den Hof, Susan, van Doorn, Rogier, Veeraraghavan, Balaji, Verweij, Paul, Wahyuningsih, Retno, Wang, Hui, Warris, Adilia, Weinstock, Hillard, Wesangula, Evelyn, Whiley, David, White, Peter J, Williams, Phoebe, Xiao, Yonghong, Moscoso, Martin Yagui, Yang, Hsu Li, Yoshida, Sachiyo, Yu, Yunsong, Żabicka, Dorota, Zignol, Matteo, Rudan, Igor, Bertagnolio, Silvia, Dobreva, Zlatina, Centner, Chad M, Olaru, Ioana Diana, Donà, Daniele, Burzo, Stefano, Huttner, Benedikt D, Chaillon, Antoine, Gebreselassie, Nebiat, Wi, Teodora, Hasso-Agopsowicz, Mateusz, Allegranzi, Benedetta, Sati, Hatim, Ivanovska, Verica, Kothari, Kavita U, Balkhy, Hanan H, Cassini, Alessandro, Hamers, Raph L, and Weezenbeek, Kitty Van

Published
2024
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31. Hybrid laparoscopic versus fully robot-assisted minimally invasive esophagectomy: an international propensity-score matched analysis of perioperative outcome

Author

Jung, Jin-On, de Groot, Eline M., Kingma, B. Feike, Babic, Benjamin, Ruurda, Jelle P., Grimminger, Peter P., Hölzen, Jens P., Chao, Yin-Kai, Haveman, Jan W., van Det, Marc J., Rouanet, Philippe, Benedix, Frank, Li, Hecheng, Sarkaria, Inderpal, van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I., van Boxel, Gijs I., Chiu, Philip, Egberts, Jan-Hendrik, Sallum, Rubens, Immanuel, Arul, Turner, Paul, Low, Donald E., Hubka, Michal, Perez, Daniel, Strignano, Paolo, Biebl, Matthias, Chaudry, M. Asif, Bruns, Christiane J., van Hillegersberg, Richard, and Fuchs, Hans F.

Published
2023
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34. Serum HCoV-spike specific antibodies do not protect against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents

Author

Ratcliffe, Helen, Tiley, Karen S., Longet, Stephanie, Tonry, Claire, Roarty, Cathal, Watson, Chris, Amirthalingam, Gayatri, Vichos, Iason, Morey, Ella, Douglas, Naomi L., Marinou, Spyridoula, Plested, Emma, Aley, Parvinder K., Galiza, Eva, Faust, Saul N., Hughes, Stephen, Murray, Clare, Roderick, Marion R., Shackley, Fiona, Oddie, Sam, Lee, Tim W.R., Turner, David P.J., Raman, Mala, Owens, Stephen, Turner, Paul J., Cockerill, Helen, Lopez Bernal, Jamie, Ijaz, Samreen, Poh, John, Shute, Justin, Linley, Ezra, Borrow, Ray, Hoschler, Katja, Brown, Kevin E., Carroll, Miles W., Klenerman, Paul, Dunachie, Susanna J., Ramsay, Mary, Voysey, Merryn, Waterfield, Thomas, and Snape, Matthew D.

Published
2023
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36. Evolutionary genomics of host-use in bifurcating demes of RNA virus phi-6

Author

Turner Paul E, McBride Robert C, Duffy Siobain, Montville Rebecca, Wang Li-San, Yang Yul W, Lee Sun, and Kim Junhyong

Subjects
Adaptation, Bacteria, Bacteriophage, Experimental evolution, Known phylogeny, Pseudomonas, Virus, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Background Viruses are exceedingly diverse in their evolved strategies to manipulate hosts for viral replication. However, despite these differences, most virus populations will occasionally experience two commonly-encountered challenges: growth in variable host environments, and growth under fluctuating population sizes. We used the segmented RNA bacteriophage ϕ6 as a model for studying the evolutionary genomics of virus adaptation in the face of host switches and parametrically varying population sizes. To do so, we created a bifurcating deme structure that reflected lineage splitting in natural populations, allowing us to test whether phylogenetic algorithms could accurately resolve this ‘known phylogeny’. The resulting tree yielded 32 clones at the tips and internal nodes; these strains were fully sequenced and measured for phenotypic changes in selected traits (fitness on original and novel hosts). Results We observed that RNA segment size was negatively correlated with the extent of molecular change in the imposed treatments; molecular substitutions tended to cluster on the Small and Medium RNA chromosomes of the virus, and not on the Large segment. Our study yielded a very large molecular and phenotypic dataset, fostering possible inferences on genotype-phenotype associations. Using further experimental evolution, we confirmed an inference on the unanticipated role of an allelic switch in a viral assembly protein, which governed viral performance across host environments. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that varying complexities can be simultaneously incorporated into experimental evolution, to examine the combined effects of population size, and adaptation in novel environments. The imposed bifurcating structure revealed that some methods for phylogenetic reconstruction failed to resolve the true phylogeny, owing to a paucity of molecular substitutions separating the RNA viruses that evolved in our study.

Published
2012
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37. Supporting health behaviour change in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with telephone health-mentoring: insights from a qualitative study

Author

Walters Julia A E, Cameron-Tucker Helen, Courtney-Pratt Helen, Nelson Mark, Robinson Andrew, Scott Jenn, Turner Paul, Walters E, and Wood-Baker Richard

Subjects
Health-mentoring, Behaviour change, Primary care, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Physical activity, Smoking, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Adoption and maintenance of healthy behaviours is pivotal to chronic disease self-management as this influences disease progression and impact. This qualitative study investigated health behaviour changes adopted by participants with moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) recruited to a randomised controlled study of telephone-delivered health-mentoring. Methods Community nurses trained as health-mentors used a patient-centred approach with COPD patients recruited in general practice to facilitate behaviour change, using a framework of health behaviours; ‘SNAPPS’ Smoking, Nutrition, Alcohol, Physical activity, Psychosocial well-being, and Symptom management, through regular phone calls over 12 months. Semi-structured interviews in a purposive sample sought feedback on mentoring and behaviour changes adopted. Interviews were analysed using iterative thematic and interpretative content approaches by two investigators. Results Of 90 participants allocated to health-mentoring, 65 (72%) were invited for interview at 12-month follow up. The 44 interviewees, 75% with moderate COPD, had a median of 13 mentor contacts over 12 months, range 5–20. Interviewed participants (n = 44, 55% male, 43% current smokers, 75% moderate COPD) were representative of the total group with a mean age 65 years while 82% had at least one additional co-morbid chronic condition. Telephone delivery was highly acceptable and enabled good rapport. Participants rated ‘being listened to by a caring health professional’ as very valuable. Three participant groups were identified by attitude to health behaviour change: 14 (32%) actively making changes; 18 (41%) open to and making some changes and 12 (27%) more resistant to change. COPD severity or current smoking status was not related to group category. Mentoring increased awareness of COPD effects, helping develop and personalise behaviour change strategies, even by those not actively making changes. Physical activity was targeted by 43 (98%) participants and smoking by 14 (74%) current smokers with 21% reporting quitting. Motivation to maintain changes was increased by mentor support. Conclusions Telephone delivery of health-mentoring is feasible and acceptable to people with COPD in primary care. Health behaviours targeted by this population, mostly with moderate disease, were mainly physical activity and smoking reduction or cessation. Health-mentoring increased motivation and assisted people to develop strategies for making and sustaining beneficial change. Trial registration ACTR12608000112368

Published
2012
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38. Group B streptococcal carriage, serotype distribution and antibiotic susceptibilities in pregnant women at the time of delivery in a refugee population on the Thai-Myanmar border

Author

Turner Claudia, Turner Paul, Po Linda, Maner Naw, De Zoysa Aruni, Afshar Baharak, Efstratiou Androulla, Heath Paul T, and Nosten François

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the developed world. Little is known about its epidemiology in the developing world, where the majority of deaths from neonatal infections occur. Maternal carriage of GBS is a prerequisite for the development of early onset GBS neonatal sepsis but there is a paucity of carriage data published from the developing world, in particular South East Asia. Methods We undertook a cross sectional study over a 13 month period in a remote South East Asian setting on the Thai-Myanmar border. During labour, 549 mothers had a combined vaginal rectal swab taken for GBS culture. All swabs underwent both conventional culture as well as PCR for GBS detection. Cultured GBS isolates were serotyped by latex agglutination, those that were negative or had a weak positive reaction and those that were PCR positive but culture negative were additionally tested using multiplex PCR based on the detection of GBS capsular polysaccharide genes. Results The GBS carriage rate was 12.0% (95% CI: 9.4-15.0), with 8.6% positive by both culture and PCR and an additional 3.5% positive by PCR alone. Serotypes, Ia, Ib, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII were identified, with II the predominant serotype. All GBS isolates were susceptible to penicillin, ceftriaxone and vancomycin and 43/47 (91.5%) were susceptible to erythromycin and clindamycin. Conclusions GBS carriage is not uncommon in pregnant women living on the Thai-Myanmar border with a large range of serotypes represented.

Published
2012
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39. Relevance

Author

Turner, Paul

Published
2021

40. A prospective study of urinary pneumococcal antigen detection in healthy Karen mothers with high rates of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage

Author

Turner Claudia, Turner Paul, Kaewcharernnet Napaphat, Mon Naw, Goldblatt David, and Nosten François

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae C-polysaccharide in urine is a useful rapid diagnostic test for pneumococcal infections in adults. In young children, high rates of false positive results have been documented due to detection of concurrent nasopharyngeal pneumococcal carriage. The relationship between pneumococcal carriage and urinary antigen detection in adults from developing countries with high pneumococcal carriage prevalence has not been well established. Methods We nested an evaluation of the BinaxNOW S. pneumoniae test within a longitudinal mother-infant pneumococcal carriage study in Karen refugees on the Thailand-Myanmar border. Paired urine and nasopharyngeal swab specimens were collected from 98 asymptomatic women at a routine study follow-up visit. The urine specimens were analyzed with the BinaxNOW test and the nasopharyngeal swabs were semi-quantitatively cultured to identify pneumococcal colonization. Results 24/98 (25%) women were colonized by S. pneumoniae but only three (3%) had a positive BinaxNOW urine test. The sensitivity of the BinaxNOW test for detection of pneumococcal colonization was 4.2% (95% CI: 0.1 - 21.1%) with a specificity of 97.3% (95% CI: 90.6 - 99.7%). Pneumococcal colonization was not associated with having a positive BinaxNOW test (odds ratio 1.6; 95% CI: 0.0 - 12.7; p = 0.7). Conclusions Significant numbers of false positive results are unlikely to be encountered when using the BinaxNOW test to diagnose pneumococcal infection in adults from countries with moderate to high rates of pneumococcal colonization.

Published
2011
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