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One of the main issues over the ages has been the lack of water. The water supply networks are now being affected by the increased deployment of IOT technology and devices. The development of a trustworthy, auditable, and transparent traceable system like Blockchain is the product of creative research. Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology, introduces a fresh, creative strategy for the development of centralized, distrust-free systems. The use of blockchain technology eliminates corruption since it can keep track of every transaction. Blockchain has built-in capabilities for fault tolerance, immutability, transparency, and full transaction tracing for records that are saved, as well as for digital asset representation and transaction executions. The blockchain-based water management system described in this study is completely decentralized, with IoT devices collecting data as it is setup and adding it to the blockchain. We use the Ethereum blockchain to represent a supplier to consumer use case in our blockchain-based water management system. We also talk about the network's participants' duties in the water management system. Finally, we assessed the benefits of blockchain-based water management over existing ones and showed how it might benefit contemporary society.

Sustainable living is not a new concept to humanity. In the face of rapid urbanization, cities grew in the means of commerce and political significance. This plot neglected the development of some potential towns or villages due to the mass migration of people to cities. Being one of them, Vellore City in Tamil Nadu, India, is currently suffering inadequate resources, biodiversity loss, and decreased social and cultural connectedness. Vellore is closely packed, which opens up an opportunity to meet the metropolitan cities from its suburbs which are prominent with urban sprawls [2]. That's when the concept of urbanizing peri regions of the city occurs. Following that, FarmNation emerges, which aims to find a novel way to transform the elements of agriculture, luring pupils away from the city to pursue better paying jobs and transforming agriculture into an urban sector while honoring local culture and tradition. By considering sustainability as mitigation of the negative consequences of our systems and that such systems cannot be sustainable in principle. Accepting environmental change owing to the threats of pandemics, climatic catastrophe. The advent of a post-climate crisis and sustainable world is a conclusion.

The topic of energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is of particular interest to researchers. For sensor networks, energy-efficient information collection protocols have been proposed. The tree-based approach and clustering techniques categories encompass these protocols. When compared to its predecessor, clustering in these methods is better suited for real-time applications and has a significantly higher scalability factor. The importance of the clustering and the influencing factors are discussed in this paper. Here we propose an algorithm for regularizing the nodes in a network using adjacency matrices., {"references":["1.\tHarary, F., & Kovács, P. (1983). Regular graphs with given girth pair. Journal of Graph Theory, 7(2), 209-218.","2.\tBrouwer, A. E., Haemers, W. H., Brouwer, A. E., & Haemers, W. H. (2012). Distance-regular graphs (pp. 177-185). Springer New York.","3.\tBapat, R. B., & Bapat, R. B. (2014). Regular Graphs. Graphs and Matrices, 69-85.","4.\tBanerjee, A., & Bej, S. (2018). On extension of regular graphs. Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and Cryptography, 21(1), 13-21.","5.\tShahul Hameed, K., Paul, V., & Germina, K. A. (2015). On co-regular signed graphs. Australas J Combin, 62(1), 8-17.","6.\tBanerjee, I., & Madhumathy, P. (2023). QoS enhanced energy efficient cluster based routing protocol realized using stochastic modeling to increase lifetime of green wireless sensor network. Wireless Networks, 29(2), 489-507.","7.\tDevasenapathy, D., & Kannan, K. (2015). An energy-efficient cluster-based vehicle detection on road network using intention numeration method. The Scientific World Journal, 2015.","8.\tSuma, M. R., & Madhumathy, P. (2022). Brakerski‐Gentry‐Vaikuntanathan fully homomorphic encryption cryptography for privacy preserved data access in cloud assisted Internet of Things services using glow‐worm swarm optimization. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, 33(12), e4641.","9.\tPal, V., Singh, G., Yadav, R. P., & Pal, P. (2012). Energy efficient clustering scheme for wireless sensor networks: a survey. Journal of Wireless Networking and Communications, 2(6), 168-174.","10.\tNayaki, M. P. (2021). Distance Based Topological Indices And Regular Graphs. Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education, 12(3), 5191-5196."]}

An anatomically detailed rhesus monkey brain FE model was developed to simulate in vivo responses of the brain of sub-human primates subjected to rotational accelerations resulting in diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The material properties used in the monkey model are those in the GHBMC 50th percentile male head model (Global Human Body Model Consortium). The angular loading simulations consisted of coronal, oblique and sagittal plane rotations with the center of rotation in neck to duplicate experimental conditions. Maximum principal strain (MPS) and Cumulative strain damage measure (CSDM) were analyzed for various white matter structures such as the cerebrum subcortical white matter, corpus callosum and brainstem. The MPS in coronal rotation were 45% to 54% higher in the brainstem, 8% to 48% higher in the corpus callosum, 13% to 22% higher in the white matter when compared to those in oblique and sagittal rotations, suggesting that more severe DAI was expected from coronal and oblique rotations as compared to that from sagittal rotation. The level 1+ DAI was associated with 1.3 to 1.42 MPS and 50% CSDM (0.5) responses in the brainstem, corpus callosum and cerebral white matter. The mass scaling method, sometimes referred to as Holbourn's inverse 2/3 power law, used for development of human brain injury criterion was evaluated to understand the effect of geometrical and anatomical differences between human and animal head. Based on simulations conducted with the animal and human models in three different planes - sagittal, coronal and horizontal - the scaling from animal to human models are not supported due to lack of geometrical similitude between the animal and human brains. Thus, the scaling method used in the development of brain injury criterion for rotational acceleration/velocity is unreliable.

Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disorder that results from the trisomy of chromosome 21. DS patients show several abnormalities including cognitive deficits. Here, we show enhanced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a kinase that critically regulates synaptic plasticity and memory, in a hippocampal cell line derived from trisomy 16 mouse foetus. In addition, these cells show enhanced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). The hyper-activation of ERK and p38 MAPK is significantly reduced by a small peptide, Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), derived from insulin-like growth factor-1. In addition, the trisomic cells show reduced level of inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which is enhanced by GPE. Furthermore, the trisomic cells do not show ERK activation in response to KCl depolarization or forskolin treatment. Importantly, ERK activation by these stimuli is observed after GPE treatment of the cells. These results suggest that GPE may help reduce aberrant signalling in the trisomic neurons by affecting MAPK and GSK-3β activation.

The present study had an objective to approximate radon and uranium as naturally occurring radioactive constituents in spring-water samples and assessment of AED (annual effective dose), radiological risks; and chemical toxicity, when spring-water is the source of drinking water. Based on the population density in study area (Bageshwar district of Uttarakhand, India), random sampling process was adopted for the collection of water samples from eighty natural springs. The concentration of radon was estimated using Advanced SMART RnDuo while for estimation of uranium, LED fluorimeter was used. The observed values were subjected to statistical analysis to illustrate the spatial distribution of radon and uranium in the study area as well as for determination of associated health risks for inhabitants. The results revealed that radon activity in spring-water samples varies from 3.4 to 101.3 Bq/L with a mean value of 34.4 ± 3.8 Bq/L while the uranium concentration in water samples ranges from 0.1 to 28.4 μg/L with the mean value of 1.6 μg/L. In 35% samples radon concentration has been found more than the permissible limit prescribed by UNSCEAR. The observed values of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolve solids (TDS) were also found within the recommended limits of WHO. Therefore the relatively higher observed concentration of radon in spring water than the permissible limits of health regulatory agencies may be a matter of concern in radiological prospective as well as for chemical toxicity in infants and children inhibiting the study area.

This paper presents the design and simulation of a nature inspired fibonacci sequence based golden spiral super-ultra wideband microstrip antenna. The antenna has a compact size of $\pmb{40 \ \text{mm} \ \text{x}40\ \text{mm} \ \text{x}1.6\ \text{mm}}$. Various parameters like return loss $(S_{11})$, radiation pattern, gain and radiation efficiency are analyzed. The impedance bandwidth ranges from 1–35 GHz and bandwidth ratio is 34:1. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated and optimized in HFSS commercial software. Because of the high impedance bandwidth, the antenna can be used in many applications like satellite navigation, GPS navigation, WiFi and high speed technologies like 5G mobile communication.

In the present communication, an attempt has been taken to develop Eye-writer hardware which is running by a software Eye-can. In this study, calibration was a big challenge which has been achieved by local calibration technique. Three types of square matrix have been considered for the experiments as (i) 4X4 matrix, (ii) 6X6 matrix and (iii) 12X12 matrix. 4X4 square matrix has been found to be best among all due to high accuracy level. This hardware is used to write or type the letter or words on monitor screen for ALS patients. The novelty of this work is that the time taken to write single alphabet is very less, approx. 1.9 sec. andthe weight of hardware is 152 grams. The obtained accuracy for the 4X4 matrix is 95%.

This paper proposes a novel Super Ultra Wideband (S-UWB) monopole printed microstrip antenna. Analysis of tapering the feedline of S-UWB antenna is done to study the various parameters like return loss (S 11 ), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Gain and radiation pattern. Study shows the improved performance of S 11 , VSWR as well as gain by tapering the feedline. The associated 10 dB bandwidth of the proposed antenna is from 1–35 GHz. The volume of the proposed antenna is 40 x 50 x 1.6 mm3 with substrate as FR-4 epoxy having the permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02. The return loss (S 11 ) less than −10dB), VSWR and radiation pattern shows in good agreement with the bandwidth. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated and optimized using HFSS commercial software. Investigation of S11 and VSWR is done for various tapered feedline to study the effect on its 10dB bandwidth. This proposed antenna is capable of covering the satellite navigation, UMTS, Bluetooth, PCS, WiMAX2500, LTE2600 Surveillance RADAR and UWB/S-UWB applications.

The observations of present investigation revealed that the groundwater regime at State Infrastructure and Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) Industrial Estate (IE) was highly responsive to the anthropogenic stress of recharge and discharge parameters concerning the distressing industrial activities. The present study on groundwater characteristics of SIDCUL-IE, Haridwar in year 2013-2014 showed that the water of Sampling station-D (SSD) had relatively poor quality in comparison to the groundwater collected from Sampling station-A (SSA), Sampling station-B (SSB) and Sampling station-C (SSC). The samples had a high mineral load with relatively wider pH range. The physico-chemical parameters like pH (6.35 in October) at SSA, TDS (553.5 mg/l in November) at SSC, TH (600.0 mg/l in July) at SSB and alkalinity (525.0 mg/l in October) at SSD were beyond the prescribed limits of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The Karl Pearson correlation matrix showed moderate to significantly positive correlation between various parameters like COD-phosphorus (r=0.629), temperature-DO (r=-0.477) at SSA; pH and bicarbonate (r=0.668) at SSB; pH-temperature (r=-0.551),turbidity-BOD (r=0.467), BOD-phosphorus (r=0.518), bicarbonate-acidity (r=-0.833) at SSC and TSS-turbidity (r=0.616), BOD-COD (r=0.6771) at SSD and temperature-DO (r=-0.666), hardness-acidity (r=-0.6542) BOD-COD (r=0.654) at control site. The overall quality of groundwater, though hard, was found acceptable for drinking purpose. The divergence in the results of groundwater samples taken from SIDCUL-IE and the Control site, 2 km away from SIDCUL-IE, indicated that groundwater pollution is increasing alarmingly which may have serious threats to human health in near future.

Major challenges in cosmetic dentistry are to accomplish appropriate and satisfactory reproduction of natural shade of teeth. The procedure of choosing a shade can be performed using visual method or by an instrument. The kind of shade guide, individual ability to choose shades and conditions the choice is made under, all have influence on reliability and accuracy of the procedure. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce instrumental color determination in everyday work. They include RGB devices, colorimeters, spectrophotometers. The impact of the color science can be seen on various restorative materials ranging from ceramics to maxillofacial prosthetic materials. Good communication between the dental team of all these details is paramount to a successful aesthetic result.

The serotonergic system is suggested to be dysregulated in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have emerged as the mainstay in the treatment of this disorder. Oxcarbazepine (OXC), a second generation antiepileptic drug, enhances hippocampal serotonin (5-HT) levels. The aim of the present study was to screen the anti-OCD effects of OXC on marble burying behaviour (MBB) and 8-OHDPAT-induced disruption of alternation, two most studied paradigms of OCD, in rodents. Here we show that 8-OHDPAT (2.8 mg/kg) significantly increases spontaneous alternation behaviour (SAB) score in a T-maze. Fluoxetine (FLX), an SSRI on chronic administration (10mg/kg, 21 days) restored the increase in SAB induced by 8-OHDPAT in mice which is in line with the findings earlier reported for rats. Hence, we present the first mouse model of OCD induced by 2.8 mg/kg of 8-OHDPAT. Chronic administration (21 days) of OXC (20 and 40 mg/kg) also restored the SAB disrupted by 8-OHDPAT which was comparable to FLX. Likewise in MBB test, FLX and OXC significantly reduced the number of marbles buried. 8-OHDPAT induced OCD was associated with a concomitant decrease in basal 5-HT levels (88%) and depletion of basal CREB (32%) in the frontal cortex. Chronic treatment with FLX and OXC effectively mitigated the lowering effects of 8-OHDPAT on cortical 5-HT, and enabled an efficient recovery in basal CREB levels. Our results on FLX and OXC provide the indication that their anti-OCD effects in part, might be elicited through modulation of 5HT levels and CREB pathway.

Objective: To estimate the incidence, short-term outcome, and spatial distribution of stroke patients and to evaluate the completeness of case ascertainment in Ludhiana. Methods: This population-based prospective cohort study was conducted in Ludhiana, Punjab, Northwest India. All first-ever stroke patients (≥18 years) were included between March 2010 and March 2013 using WHO Stepwise Approach Surveillance methodology from the city. Stroke patient data were obtained from hospitals, scan centers, and general practitioners, and details of deaths from the Municipal Corporation. Results: Out of 7,199 stroke patients recruited, 3,441 were included in final analysis. The mean age was 59 ± 15 years. The annual incidence rate was 140/100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 133–147) and age-adjusted incidence rate was 130/100,000 (95% CI 123–137). The annual incidence rate for stroke in the young (18–49 years) was 46/100,000 (95% CI 41–51). The case fatality at 28 days was 22%. Patients above 60 years of age ( p = 0.03) and patients who were managed in public hospitals had poor survival ( p = 0.01). Hot spots for cumulative incidence were seen in central and southern parts of the city, and hot spots for poor outcome were seen in the outskirts of the city. Conclusions: The incidence rates are similar to other studies from India. Stroke patient survival is poor in public hospitals. The finding of spatial analysis is of public health significance for stroke prevention and strengthening of stroke services.

Over the course of 16 weeks four graduate students at Carnegie Mellon University worked together to conduct 14 experiments and create 6 prototypes for the Oculus Rift Developers Kit. Their goal was to make experiences that would change how people would perceive virtual reality games. This tutorial is a look at how to approach the Oculus Rift in general, and what you should do if you want to push the boundaries of virtual reality game design.