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1. Estimation of environment stability for fruit yield and capsaicin content by using two models in Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Ghost Pepper) with multi-year evaluation

Author

Joyashree Baruah, Twahira Begum, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
Ghost pepper, Pungency, Crop failure, Stability, Macro-environments, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Background Capsicum chinense Jacq. (Ghost Pepper) is well-known for its high pungency and pleasant aroma. The recent years witnessed a significant decline in popularity of this important crop due to the use of inferior planting material and lack of elite lines. To maintain constant performance across a variety of settings, it is crucial to choose stable lines with high yield and capsaicin content, as these are the most promising traits of Ghost Pepper. Method In this study, 120 high-capsaicin genotypes were subjected to a 3-year (kharif 2017, 2018 and 2019) stability investigation utilizing two well-known stability methods: Eberhart-Russell (ER) and additive main effects and multiple interaction (AMMI). Three replications were used following Randomized Complete Block Design for 11 traits. The experiment soil was sandy loam with pH 4.9. Minimum and maximum temperature of 18.5 °C, 17.5 °C, 17.4 °C and 32.2 °C, 31.3 °C, 32.7 °C and rainfall of 1,781, 2,099, 1,972 mm respectively was recorded for the study period. Result The genotype-environment linear interaction (G×E Lin.) was highly significant for days to 50% flowering, capsaicin content, fruit length and girth, fruit yield per plant and number of fruits per plant at p < 0.005. G×E interaction for fruit yield and capsaicin content in AMMI-analysis of variance reported 67.07% and 71.51% contribution by IPCA-1 (interactive principal component axis) and 32.76% and 28.49% by IPCA-2, respectively. Eight genotypes were identified to be stable with high yield and capsaicin content. The identified stable lines can be opted for cultivation to reduce the impact of crop failure when grown in different macro-environments. Moreover, the pharmaceutical and spice sectors will also be benefitted from the lines with high capsaicin content. Further research assessing the lines’ performance across various regions of India can provide a solid foundation for the crop’s evaluation at national level.

Published
2024
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2. Molecular genetic divergence analysis amongst high curcumin lines of Golden Crop (Curcuma longa L.) using SSR marker and use in trait-specific breeding

Author

Anindita Gogoi, Sunita Munda, Manabi Paw, Twahira Begum, Manzer H. Siddiqui, Abdel-Rhman Z. Gaafar, Mahipal Singh Kesawat, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Curcuma longa L., is recognized worldwide as a medicinally and economically important plant species due to its curcumin content which is an industrially important compound. In this study, a total of 329 accessions were collected from four states of India and planted in the experimental farm of CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, India, in augmented design. Among these, 152 high curcumin (> 1.50%) accessions were screened for molecular divergence study using 39 SSR primers. The primers showed the most efficient outcome with 2–8 allele/ loci and a total 163 number of alleles with 100% polymorphism. Cluster analysis revealed the construction of three clusters, out of which one cluster was geographically dependent, and germplasm was particularly from Assam state. Jaccard's pairwise coefficient showed maximum genetic dissimilarity of (0.75) between accession RRLJCL 3 and RRLJCL 126, indicating high variation as it was from two different states viz Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland respectively and minimum genetic dissimilarity of (0.09) between RRLJCL 58 and RRLJCL 59 indicating significantly less variation as the two accessions were from same state, i.e., Arunachal Pradesh. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) revealed high molecular variation within the population (87%) and significantly less variation among the population (13%). Additionally, Neighbour Joining dendrogram, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and bar plot structure revealed similar clustering of germplasm. This diversity assessment will help in selecting the trait-specific genotypes, crop improvement program, conservation of gene pool, marker-assisted breeding, and quantitative trait loci identification. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first molecular diversity report among 152 high curcumin lines of C. longa from North East India using 39 SSR primers.

Published
2023
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3. Assessment of selection criteria using multi-year study for effective breeding program of Zingiber officinale L

Author

Twahira Begum, Roktim Gogoi, Ankita Gogoi, Tanmita Gupta, Sanjoy Kumar Chanda, Himangshu Lekhak, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
ANOVA, Genotypic coefficient of variation, Phenotypic coefficient of variation, Heritability, Correlation, Path analysis, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Background Ginger has been an important cash crop with numerous applications since ancient times. As the demand for ginger is ever-growing and being a seasonal crop, a high-yielding variety of ginger would be economically profitable. Methods In this study, 150 germplasm were collected from different regions of NE India and evaluated for three years in CRBD design with three replications. The present study thus focused on the variability, association, and diversity studies for the first time on 150 ginger germplasm from across North East India. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, correlation, and path analysis were evaluated for the germplasm. Results Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed considerable differences among the studied germplasm for studied characters, revealing sufficient variability in the materials. The Mahalanobis D2 and Tocher methods grouped the 150 ginger germplasm into ten clusters. Based on the results of the path coefficient analysis determined for essential oil yield and rhizome yield per plant, it can be concluded that the characters’ initial rhizome weight, the weight of mother rhizome, and weight of secondary rhizome were the most important and appeared promising in improving the overall yield potential of ginger rhizome and essential oil yield. Thus, selection based on the identified traits would lead to an effective ginger breeding program for higher rhizome and essential oil yield.

Published
2023
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4. Estimation of genetic variation in yield, its contributing characters and capsaicin content of Capsicum chinense Jacq. (ghost pepper) germplasm from Northeast India

Author

Joyashree Baruah, Sunita Munda, Neelav Sarma, Twahira Begum, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Sanjoy Kumar Chanda, G. Narahari Sastry, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
Capsicum chinense, Genotypic coefficient of variation, Phenotypic coefficient of variation, Levene’s homogeneity test of variance, Capsaicin, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Capsicum chinense Jacq. (ghost pepper), a naturally occurring chili species of Northeast India is known throughout the world for its high pungency and a pleasant aroma. The economic importance is due to the high capsaicinoid levels, the main source for pharmaceutical industries. The present study focused on identifying important traits necessary for increasing the yield and pungency of ghost pepper and to determine the parameters for the selection of superior genotypes. A total of 120 genotypes with more than 1.2% capsaicin content (>1,92,000 Scoville Heat Unit, w/w on dry weight basis) collected from different northeast Indian regions were subjected to variability, divergence and correlation studies. Levene’s homogeneity test of variance studied for three environments did not show significant deviation and so homogeneity of variance was reasonably met for analysis of variance study. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation was highest for fruit yield per plant (33.702, 36.200, respectively), followed by number of fruits per plant (29.583, 33.014, respectively) and capsaicin content (25.283, 26.362, respectively). The trait number of fruits per plant had maximum direct contribution to fruit yield per plant and the trait fruit yield per plant towards capsaicin content in the correlation study. High heritability with high genetic advance, which is the most favored selection criteria was observed for fruit yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, capsaicin content, fruit length and fruit girth. The genetic divergence study partitioned the genotypes into 20 clusters, where fruit yield per plant contributed maximum towards total divergence. Principal components analysis (PCA) studied to determine the largest contributor of variation showed 73.48% of the total variability, of which the PC1 and PC2 contributed 34.59% and 16.81% respectively.

Published
2023
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5. Anethole rich Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., essential oil pharmacology and genotoxic efficiencies

Author

Mohan Lal, Twahira Begum, Roktim Gogoi, Neelav Sarma, Sunita Munda, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Joyashree Baruah, Raghu Tamang, and Samarjit Saikia

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Anethole, a widely used industrial flavoring agent is majorly sourced from anise and star anise. The present study is aimed to the in-depth pharmacological analysis i.e. anti-diabetic, skin whitening, neurodegenerative disorder inhibitory activities of anethole-rich Clausena heptaphylla leaf essential oil (ARCHEO) (88.59%) as revealed by the Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and further confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR as well as to compare with standard compound anethole. ARCHEO (ABTS EC50 6.97 ± 0.004 µg/mL; Protease assay 4.51 ± 0.004 µg/mL) outperformed the standard compound anethole (ABTS EC50 9.48 ± 0.048 µg/mL; Protease assay EC50 22.64 ± 0.016 µg/mL) in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory experiments. ARCHEO was also shown to be more effective than the reference compound anethole in terms of anti-diabetic activity (EC50 22.35 ± 0.121 µg/mL), tyrosinase inhibitory activity (EC50 16.45 ± 0.012 µg/mL), and anti-cholinesterase activity (EC50 22.32 ± 0.016 µg/mL). However, ARCHEO exhibited lower antimicrobial activity towards all the tested microbes compared to standard compound anethole and as for the MIC, ARCHEO was effective only towards Salmonella typhimurium (60 µg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (20 µg/mL), and Aspergillus fumigatus (75 µg/mL). ARCHEO (11.11%) and anethole (12.33%) showed no genotoxic effect based on Allium cepa assay mitotic index value. Thus, ARCHEO could be a commercially viable and widely available cheaper source of anethole, which has buoyant demand in the field of food flavoring, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries.

Published
2022
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6. Stability estimation through multivariate approach among solasodine-rich lines of Solanum khasianum (C.B. Clarke): an important industrial plant

Author

Twahira Begum, Sunita Munda, Tanmita Gupta, Roktim Gogoi, Vikash Kumar Choubey, Sanjoy K. Chanda, Himangshu Lekhak, G. N. Sastry, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
anova, AMMI, GGE biplot, MTSI, Shukla’s variance, solasodine, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Solanum khasianum is a medicinally important plant that is a source of steroidal alkaloids ‘solasodine.’ It has various industrial applications, including oral contraceptives and other pharmaceutical uses. The present study was based on 186 germplasm of S. khasianum, which were analyzed for the stability of economically important traits like solasodine content and fruit yield. The collected germplasm was planted during Kharif 2018, 2019, and 2020 in RCBD with three replications at the experimental farm of CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam, India. A multivariate approach for stability analysis was applied to identify stable germplasm of S. khasianum for economically important traits. The germplasm was analyzed for additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI), GGE biplot, multi-trait stability index, and Shukla’s variance which were evaluated for three environments. The AMMI ANOVA revealed significant GE interaction for all the studied traits. The stable and high-yielding germplasm was identified from the AMMI biplot, GGE biplot, Shukla’s variance value, and MTSI plot analysis. Lines no. 90, 85, 70, 107, and 62 were identified as highly stable fruit yielders while, lines no. 1, 146, and 68 were identified as stable high solasodine lines. However, considering both traits, i.e., high fruit yield and solasodine content, MTSI analysis was performed which showed that lines 1, 85, 70,155, 71, 114, 65, 86, 62, 116, 32, and 182 could be used in a breeding program. Thus, this identified germplasm can be considered for further varietal development and could be used in a breeding program. The findings of the present study would be beneficial for the S. khasianum breeding program.

Published
2023
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7. Novel ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate rich Kaempferia galanga (L.) essential oil and its pharmacological applications: special emphasis on anticholinesterase, anti-tyrosinase, α-amylase inhibitory, and genotoxic efficiencies

Author

Twahira Begum, Roktim Gogoi, Neelav Sarma, Sudin Kumar Pandey, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
Anti-diabetic, Antimicrobial, Essential oil, Genotoxicity, Neurodegenerative, Ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Background Kaempferia galanga (L.) is one of the prospective therapeutic plants with an aromatic rhizome, and belongs to the Zingiberaceae family. This herb is commonly used by local practitioners in traditional Asian medicine. Methods In the present investigation, the novel Kaempferia galanga rhizome essential oil rich in ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate (EMCKG) was evaluated using GC/MS for chemical composition analysis. EMCKG was analyzed for its possible antimicrobial, neurodegenerative inhibitory, acetylcholinesterase, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities as well as for the genotoxic effects using the standard methodologies. ANOVA and post hoc was performed to test the statistical significance of the study. Results GC/MS analysis identified ethyl p-methoxy cinnamate as the major component of EMCKG essential oil with an area percentage of 66.39%. The EMCKG exhibited moderate (DPPH assay IC50 = 15.64 ± 0.263 µg/mL; ABTS assay IC50 = 16.93 ± 0.228 µg/mL) antioxidant activity than standard ascorbic acid (DPPH assay IC50 = 21.24 ± 0.413 µg/mL; ABTS assay IC50 = 21.156 ± 0.345 µg/mL). Similarly, EMCKG showed comparable activity in albumin denaturation (IC50 = 2.93 ± 0.59 µg/mL) and protease inhibitor assay (IC50 = 17.143 ± 0.506 µg/mL) to that of standard sodium diclofenac (IC50 = 23.87 ± 0.729 µg/mL and IC50 = 19.18 ± 0.271 µg/mL, respectively). The EMCKG exhibited a dose-dependent antimicrobial activity pattern with the highest inhibitory activity at 500 µg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus and considerable anticholinesterase activities (IC50 = 21.94 ± 0.109 µg/mL) compared to the standard galanthamine (IC50 = 27.18 ± 0.511 µg/mL). EMCKG also showed strong anti-diabetic activity (IC50 = 18.503 ± 0.480 µg/mL) and anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 14.756 ± 0.325 µg/mL) as compared to the standards used (acarbose IC50 = 20.39 ± 0.231 µg/mL and kojic acid IC50 = 17.73 ± 0.192 µg/mL) in the study. Genotoxicity analysis of EMCKG revealed that at 1 µg/mL concentration has no toxic effects in mitosis of Allium cepa roots (Mitotic Index MI = 13.56% and chromosomal aberration CA = 07.60%). The ANOVA confirmed that except for the anticholinesterase activity, there is insignificant difference for essential oil and standards used for all the other bioactivities thus confirming their interchangeable applicability. Conclusions Current research provides the basis for the fact that besides being a rich source of ethyl p-methoxycinnamate, EMCKG has the potential for future formulation and development of an inexpensive skin-care agent and for the preparation of anti-diabetic drugs.

Published
2023
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8. Use of stability statistics in the selection of Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) Wight & Arn for novel anethole rich strain (Jor Lab CH-2)

Author

Mohan Lal, Sunita Munda, Anindita Gogoi, Twahira Begum, Joyashree Baruah, Sanjoy K. Chanda, and Himangshu Lekhak

Subjects
selection breeding, GC/MS, multilocation trial, superior strain, stability, Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

IntroductionAnethole is an industrially important compound which is extensively used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, perfumery, food and confectioneries. Anethole is primarily obtained from fennel, anise, and star anise which is highly expensive. Therefore, a study was performed to identify a cost-effective and natural anethole rich strain of Clausena heptaphylla through selection and confirmed through multilocation trial.MethodsThe study was conducted using 23 accessions collected from North eastern region of India from 2014-2018 (initial evaluation trial) and 2018-2022 (multilocation trial). The initial trial was conducted in the experimental farm of CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam using Complete Randomized Block Design with three replications. Five agronomical traits (plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of stem branching, herbage yield per plant per cutting) along with essential oil yield and anethole content were evaluated which led to the identification of anethole rich strain of C. heptaphylla. This identified strain was further evaluated along with the two check genotypes for stability based on three yield parameters viz. herbage yield, essential oil yield and anethole content at four multi-locations (Imphal, Jorhat, Runne and Madang) for four years using the same experimental design.Results and discussionThe identified superior line (Jor Lab CH-2) showed consistent performance for the studied yield parameters across all the environments maintaining its superiority. The identified strain exhibited average herbage yield of 1.2 Kg/plant/cutting and essential oil yield of 1.22%. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oil depicted trans anethole as the major constituent (93.25%) followed by estragole (4.85%) while benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl Isoeugenol methyl ether and cis-anethole were the trace components. This is the first novel report of anethole rich variant of C. heptaphylla which has undergone multilocational trial over the years. Jor Lab CH-2 strain will open a new scope for the industries to isolate anethole from a different source in a cost-effective approach.

Published
2022
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9. Identification and Registration of the Novel High-Rhizome-Yielding Variety Bharamputra-1 of Kaempferia galanga L.

Author

Mohan Lal, Sunita Munda, Twahira Begum, and Sudin Kumar Pandey

Subjects
Medicinal plant, multilocation, stability, variety development, high rhizome yield, essential oil, Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

Kaempferia galanga is an endangered plant whose recognition as a flavoring agent and perfumery ingredient has increased its demand greatly. Therefore, the present investigation aimed at the identification of high-rhizome-yielding varieties of K. galanga. A total of forty-nine germplasms were collected from different parts of India and planted at CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat experimental farm, during 2013. The two-year evaluation of essential morphological and chemical data was recorded for the selection of superior rhizomes with a high rhizome yield during 2014 and 2015. Subsequently, multi-location field trials were conducted with the selected elite germplasm along with controls using a randomized complete block design, and relevant morphological traits as well as essential oil quality data were recorded for all the lines for three consecutive years during 2016, 2017 and 2018. The essential oil quality was analyzed by using GC/MS. The data obtained were statistically analyzed for stability based on rhizome yield, essential oil yield and days to maturity. A high-rhizome-yielding variety of K. galanga was identified and named Bharamputra-1.Itwas found to be stable in multi-locational trials conducted in Northeast India. The variety showed a mean rhizome yield of 10.01 tones/ha. Stability parameters, namely, βi = 1.13 and σ2di = −0.07 were recorded and found to be superior to those of the other examined varieties. The chemical profiling of the rhizome essential oil of the selected germplasm was also performed using GC/MS, which revealed ethyl p-methoxycinnamate (37.25%), trans-ethyl cinnamate (28.35%), endo-borneol (8.91%), eucalyptol (6.83%), (-)-camphor (3.98%) and 3-carene (3.77%) as the main components. The cultivation of this identified variety could help in the successful commercial cultivation of the crop.

Published
2023
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10. Evaluation of Genetic Diversity Based on Microsatellites and Phytochemical Markers of Core Collection of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt Germplasm

Author

Sunita Munda, Raktim Jyoti Saikia, Twahira Begum, Sangeeta Bhandari, Ankita Gogoi, Neelav Sarma, Raghu Tamang, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
C. winterianus, molecular diversity, phytochemical diversity, N-J Method, Euclidean distance, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt is an industrially important crop due to its value in the aromatic, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, 72 accessions of C. winterianus were selected for molecular diversity analysis using SSR markers. It revealed a total of 65 polymorphic alleles showing an average of 68.10% polymorphism. The best SSR primer with competency in discriminating the germplasm was 3CM0506 with PIC (0.69), MI (0.69) and Rp (3.12). Genetic variation was studied between Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh populations. A dendrogram based on the Neighbour-Joining Method showed clustering of germplasm on the collection site. A total of six relevant genetic populations were identified through a structure harvester software analysis. Moreover, a dendrogram based on similarity, complete linkage and Euclidean distance was also elucidated differentiating the genotypes with respect to the major phytochemical constituents of the essential oil. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses of the essential oil of the 72 germplasms revealed citronellal content from 2.58–51.45%, citronellol from 0.00–26.39% and geraniol from 0.00–41.15%. This is the first molecular diversity report with 72 accessions of C. winterianus collected from the NE region using 28 SSR primers as well as their diversity based on phytochemical markers. This diversity computation will help with acquisition of the knowledge and relationship among each individual accession leading to the development of improved and essential oil component-rich cultivars.

Published
2022
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11. Elemicin-rich Cymbopogon khasianus (Hack) Stapf (ex Bor) Essential Oil: Pharmacological Effects, Toxicological Investigation, and Compositional Analysis

Author

Mohan Lal, Roktim Gogoi, Twahira Begum, Neelav Sarma, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Sangeeta Bhandari, Samarjit Saikia, Raghu Tamang, and Raktim Jyoti Saikia

Subjects
Analytical Chemistry
Abstract

Background: Cymbopogon khasianus is a widely used industrial and pharmacologically important aromatic grass species. Objective: The present investigation was designed to study and compare the elemicin rich Cymbopogon khasianus essential oil (EREO) and its pharmacological effects, genotoxicity with pure compound elemicin Materials and Methods: Chemical composition, identification was performed using GC/MS and NMR techniques. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), reducing power assay for antioxidant; albumin denaturation, protease inhibitor for anti-inflammatory; acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for anti-cholinesterase; amylase inhibitory for anti-diabetic; tyrosine inhibitory for skin whitening; disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assay for antimicrobial, and Allium cepa assay for genotoxicity were used. Results: GC/MS analysis identified 38 compounds; among them elemicin 72.34%, D-limonene 3.81%; methyl eugenol 3.34% were the major compounds. A significant amount of antioxidant activity IC50 31.38 µg/mL; anti-inflammatory activity (protein denaturation assay) IC50 16.77 µg/mL; protease inihibitor assay IC50 51.08 µg/mL; anticholinesterase IC50 12.095 µg/mL; antidiabetic activity IC50 17.36 µg/mL; and anti-tyrosinase activity IC50 17.69 µg/mL were reported. Antimicrobial activity analysis against 13 microbial strains revealed negative effect. Genotoxicity study using Allium cepa assay revealed negative toxicity of EREO with aberration percentage of 04.30% and pure elemicin 05.30% which was very low in comparison to ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS) 13.90%. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the first scientific evaluation of novel elemicin rich EREO pharmacological properties and to compare with pure compound elemicin. Together, it can be stated that EREO possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinesterase activities way better than pure compound elemicin as well as standard drugs used.

Published
2022
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20. Identification of a Stable Rhizome Essential Oil-Rich Variety (Jor Lab SM-2) of Homalomena aromatica Schott., Through Biometrical Method

Author

Sudin Kumar Pandey, Mohan Lal, Sunita Munda, and Twahira Begum

Subjects
law, Stability study, Organic Chemistry, Homalomena aromatica, Botany, Flavour, Identification (biology), Biology, Biochemistry, Essential oil, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Rhizome
Abstract

Homalomena aromatica Schott. is an important aromatic species used for various purposes like ethnomedicinal, pharmaceutical applications, flavour, and perfume industries. The present study aimed to...

Published
2021
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21. Identification of High Rhizome and Essential Oil Yielding Variety (Jor Lab ZB-103) of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm

Author

Mohan Lal, Twahira Begum, Sudin Kumar Pandey, and Sunita Munda

Subjects
biology, Zingiber zerumbet, Traditional medicine, law, Organic Chemistry, Identification (biology), Zingiberaceae, biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Essential oil, Analytical Chemistry, Rhizome, law.invention
Abstract

Zingiber zerumbet of the Zingiberaceae family is known as wild edible ginger having various medicinal properties. The present study was aimed at identification of high essential oil yielding genoty...

Published
2021
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22. Identification and Registration for High-Yielding Strain through ST and MLT of Curcuma caesia Roxb. (Jor Lab KH-2): A High-Value Medicinal Plant

Author

Mohan Lal, Sunita Munda, Twahira Begum, Tanmita Gupta, Manabi Paw, Sanjoy Kumar Chanda, and Himangshu Lekhak

Subjects
Curcuma caesia, AMMI, GGE, high essential oil, MLT, regression, Genetics, Genetics (clinical)
Abstract

(1) Background: Curcuma caesia Roxb. is a high valued crop which is extensively used in pharmaceuticals, flavour and fragrances. C. caesia is recognised as an endangered species due to its extensive collection from the wild through human intervention. Therefore, to prevent the species from extinction, it is very necessary to conserve and cultivate this plant species for the sustainable availability of the raw material. (2) Methods: In the present plant breeding programme, a multi-year study was performed for the identification of superior genotypes which will help in conservation. To fulfil this objective, a total of 135 accessions of C. caesia were collected from different regions of India and were set up for experimental selection trial for three years (2016–2018). After proper evaluation of the genotypes based on six agronomical traits, five high-yielding genotypes were identified which underwent multilocation trial for two years (2019 and 2020). The stability analysis using the Eberhart–Russell method, AMMI and GGE biplot were used to study the consistency of the genotypes in varied environments compared with the check variety. (3) Results: Analysis of variance indicated significant genotype and environment interaction for the yield traits, i.e., dry rhizome recovery, rhizome yield and essential oil yield. The coefficient of variation (CV) was highest for tillers per plant (21.76) and lowest for the plant height (4.93). All the results clearly demonstrated Jor Lab KH-2 as the highest yielding and stable genotype in varied environments compared with the check variety and other selected genotypes. (4) Conclusions: This genotype was then submitted to ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, for germplasm registration and received its confirmation vide registration number INGR 21159. This genotype will greatly benefit the breeders and will also help in the conservation of this endangered species. This is the first report on the identification and registration of a high-yielding variety of C. caesia.

Published
2022
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24. Simple sequence repeat marker based genetic diversity assessment amongst high essential oil yielding lines of Curcuma caesia Roxb

Author

Twahira Begum, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Joyashree Baruah, Angana Borah, Manabi Paw, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Germplasm, Caesia, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Population, Dendrogram, UPGMA, Plant Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, law, Botany, Genetics, Microsatellite, education, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Essential oil, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Curcuma caesia Roxb. belonging to Zingiberaceae family is a rhizomatous perennial herb consisting of bluish black rhizome and having vast medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. It is considered as an endangered medicinal plant and native to India. The aim of this study is to assess the molecular diversity among the high rhizome essential oil yielding lines of C. caesia (> 1.5% w/w). The molecular diversity analysis was done by using 45 simple sequence repeat markers amongst the 78 high essential oil yielding lines of C. caesia. The overall percentage of polymorphism amongst the lines was found to be 53%. AMOVA analysis showed 20% and 80% variations among and within the population respectively. Dendrogram constructed using Unweighted Pair Group with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) for those high essential oil yielding lines sorted into five major clusters according to their different geographical locations. These five clusters were confirmed using principle component analysis (PCA), based on the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient. The results revealed that these microsatellite markers could be used as successful tool to differentiate the genetic makeup of the crop. Molecular diversity of C. caesia has not been studied till now. So, this is the first scientific report on molecular diversity analysis which may help in the further crop improvement programme and germplasm conservation also.

Published
2020
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25. North-East Indian Chromolaena odorata (L. King Robinson) Aerial Part Essential Oil Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activities - Neurodegenerative Inhibitory and Toxicity Study

Author

Twahira Begum, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Mohan Lal, Neelav Sarma, and Roktim Gogoi

Subjects
Traditional medicine, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, medicine.drug_class, Organic Chemistry, Chromolaena odorata, North east, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Anti-inflammatory, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, law, Toxicity, medicine, Chemical composition, Genotoxicity, Essential oil
Abstract

Current study was formulated to analyze the chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicology study of Chromolaena odorata aerial part essential oil (COEO) grown in North East India....

Published
2020
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26. Comparative Analysis of In-Vitro Biological Activities of Methyl Eugenol Rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., Leaf Essential Oil with Pure Methyl Eugenol Compound

Author

Rikraj Loying, Twahira Begum, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Mohan Lal, Roktim Gogoi, and Neelav Sarma

Subjects
Antioxidant, Ovalbumin, DPPH, medicine.medical_treatment, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Pharmaceutical Science, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Gram-Positive Bacteria, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Antioxidants, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Anti-Infective Agents, Picrates, Methyl eugenol, law, Eugenol, Oils, Volatile, medicine, Food science, Cymbopogon, Essential oil, Chromosome Aberrations, Plant Extracts, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Biphenyl Compounds, Fungi, Antimicrobial, Ascorbic acid, 0104 chemical sciences, Plant Leaves, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Gas chromatography, Genotoxicity, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background:The essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack. was evaluated and its bioactivities were compared with pure methyl eugenol. So far, methyl eugenol rich essential oil of lemongrass was not studied for any biological activities; hence, the present study was conducted.Objective:This study examined the chemical composition of essential oil of methyl eugenol rich Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., and evaluated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and herbicidal properties and genotoxicity, which were compared with pure compound, methyl eugenol.Material and Methods:Methyl eugenol rich variety of Cymbopogon khasianus Hack., with registration no. INGR18037 (c.v. Jor Lab L-9) was collected from experimental farm CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat, Assam (26.7378°N, 94.1570°E). The essential oil wasobtained by hydro-distillation using a Clevenger apparatus. The chemical composition of the essential oil was evaluated using GC/MS analysis and its antioxidant (DPPH assay, reducing power assay), anti-inflammatory (Egg albumin denaturation assay), and antimicrobial (Disc diffusion assay, MIC) properties, seed germination effect and genotoxicity (Allium cepa assay) were studied and compared with pure Methyl Eugenol compound (ME).Results:Major components detected in the Essential Oil (EO) through Gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis were methyl eugenol (73.17%) and β-myrcene (8.58%). A total of 35components were detected with a total identified area percentage of 98.34%. DPPH assay revealed considerable antioxidant activity of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil (IC50= 2.263 μg/mL), which is lower than standard ascorbic acid (IC50 2.58 μg/mL), and higher than standard Methyl Eugenol (ME) (IC50 2.253 μg/mL). Methyl eugenol rich lemongrass EO showed IC50 38.00 μg/mL, ME 36.44 μg/mL, and sodium diclofenac 22.76 μg/mL, in in-vitro anti-inflammatory test. Moderate antimicrobial activity towards the 8 tested microbes was shown by methyl eugenol rich lemongrass essential oil whose effectiveness against the microbes was less as compared to pure ME standard. Seed germination assay further revealed the herbicidal properties of methyl eugenol rich essential oil. Moreover, Allium cepa assay revealed moderate genotoxicity of the essential oil.Conclusion:This paper compared the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, genotoxicity and herbicidal activities of methyl eugenol rich lemongrass with pure methyl eugenol. This methyl eugenol rich lemongrass variety can be used as an alternative of methyl eugenol pure compound. Hence, the essential oil of this variety has the potential of developing cost-effective, easily available antioxidative/ antimicrobial drugs but its use should be under the safety range of methyl eugenol and needs further clinical trials.

Published
2020
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27. Chemical Profiling of Leaf Essential Oil of Lantana camara Linn. From North-East India

Author

Mohan Lal, Neelav Sarma, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Roktim Gogoi, Twahira Begum, and Sunita Munda

Subjects
biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Noxious weed, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Organic Chemistry, Lantana camara, North east, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, nervous system, law, Botany, Essential oil
Abstract

Lantana camara Linn., a noxious weed found in most places of the world has many potential aspects and has been used as folk medicines to cure several diseases. It is reported to possess antimicrobi...

Published
2020
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28. Identification of a Novel Myrcene and Methyl iso-Eugenol Rich Essential Oil Variant (Jor Lab L-11) of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus L.)

Author

Joyashree Baruah, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Twahira Begum, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Family Poaceae, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Eugenol, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Myrcene, Botany, Cymbopogon, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Essential oil
Abstract

Cymbopogon flexuous of the family Poaceae is a highly valued grass known throughout the world for its aromatic properties. The objective of the study is to identify novel myrcene and methyl iso-eug...

Published
2020
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29. Chemical Composition of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Leaf Essential Oil with Respect to its Uses from North East Region of India

Author

Neelav Sarma, Twahira Begum, Sunita Munda, Roktim Gogoi, Mohan Lal, and Sudin Kumar Pandey

Subjects
biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, food and beverages, North east, biology.organism_classification, Antimicrobial, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Horticulture, Syzygium, law, Chemical composition, Essential oil
Abstract

Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels (Jambolan) is a widespread summer fruit plant, well-known for various therapeutic uses such as anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties. The fruit helps to c...

Published
2020
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30. Standardization of Different Drying Methods of Fresh Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) Leaves for High Essential Oil Yield and Quality

Author

Twahira Begum, Mohan Lal, Sudin Kumar Pandey, and Neelav Sarma

Subjects
food.ingredient, biology, Organic Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), biology.organism_classification, Biochemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Pogostemon, law.invention, Horticulture, food, law, Yield (wine), Patchouli, Essential oil, Mathematics
Abstract

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is shade loving plant and the shade dried leaves are used for essential oil extraction which is used in high-quality perfumery. The present study is aimed to find the ...

Published
2020
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31. Study of Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Genotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activities and Analysis of Different Constituents found in Rhizome Essential Oil of Curcuma caesia Roxb., Collected from North East India

Author

Manabi Paw, Roktim Gogoi, Twahira Begum, Angana Borah, Neelav Sarma, Sudin K. Pandey, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
Caesia, Traditional medicine, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, DPPH, Pharmaceutical Science, Antimicrobial, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Chromosome aberration, 0104 chemical sciences, Rhizome, law.invention, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Eucalyptol, law, medicine, Essential oil, Genotoxicity, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background: This investigation was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of Curcuma caesia Roxb rhizome essential oil. Methods: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition, standard antioxidative test DPPH assay, reducing power assay, in vitro antiinflammatory activity (egg albumin denaturation, protease inhibitory assay) by using standard methods. Similarly, antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration ability (MIC); while to test genotoxicity, Allium cepa assay was used. Results: GC/MS analysis revealed eucalyptol (28.55%), epicurzerenone (19.62%), and camphor (21.73%) as the major components of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Potent antioxidant (IC50= 48.08±0.003 μg/mL), anti-inflammatory (IC50= 121.7±0.0013 μg/mL), and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were recorded better than the standard drugs Fluconazole for fungus and Ciprofloxacin for bacteria. The essential oil also possessed a strong antibacterial effect against two tested bacterial strains B. subtilis and B. cereus with 7.5 μg/mL MIC value, while for fungal strains the essential oil was most effective against S. cereviaceae with an MIC value of 2.5 μg/mL. All the data were recorded in triplicates. Allium cepa assay revealed minor genotoxicity with mitotic index, MI= 27.70%; chromosome aberration, A= 1.1% of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Conclusion: C. caesia rhizome essential oil possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties with negligible genotoxicity. Hence, the present study is highly significant for the utilization of rhizome of C. caesia, a high-value ethnopharmacological plant for advanced R & D and commercial application.

Published
2020
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32. A review on ethnobotany and promising pharmacological aspects of an endangered medicinal plant, Curcuma caesia Roxb

Author

Deepak Kumar, Manabi Paw, Angana Borah, Twahira Begum, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Caesia, 0303 health sciences, Phytochemistry, biology, Plant Science, Curcuma caesia,biological activity,ethnobotany,Indian traditional medicine,phytochemistry, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 030308 mycology & parasitology, 03 medical and health sciences, Endangered medicinal plant, Ethnobotany, Botany, Curcuma, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Curcuma caesia Roxb. is one of the rarest medicinal plants used traditionally for the mitigation of various ailments. It is now classified as an endangered species and through this review, an overview regarding the pharmacological benefits of this plant has been put forward. Information on the ethnobotany and phytochemistry along with pharmacological activities was retrieved from the electronic databases for the period from 1962 to 2019. A literature review of articles published in local magazines, conference papers, unpublished materials, and books on traditional and medicinal plants of India was also conducted. There is very little information on C.caesiais in the literature, which revealed its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities along with neuropharmacological, thrombolytic, anthelmintic, antiulcer, and antidepressant properties. The modern pharmacological studies have validated some of the traditional claims and uses. However, many aspects of this perennial herb have not been studied due to its limited availability and authenticity of the species. There is limited availability of the species as it has become an endangered crop due to its overexploitation as traditional medicine since ancient times. Being a critically endangered medicinal plant, conservation strategies using modern breeding techniques strongly warrant further research on in vitro and in vivo biological activities in different assay systems; toxicity, adverse effects, and clinical efficacy of C.caesia are recommended to be further studied.

Published
2020
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33. Chemical Composition of Citrus limon L. Burmf Peel Essential Oil from North East India

Author

Manabi Paw, Twahira Begum, Mohan Lal, Sudin Kumar Pandey, and Roktim Gogoi

Subjects
Limonene, Citrus limon, Family rutaceae, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Subtropics, North east, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Horticulture, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Chemical composition, Essential oil
Abstract

Citrus limon L. Burmf (commonly known as lemon) is a small thorn bearing tree which belongs to the family Rutaceae cultivated in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world and mostly cultiva...

Published
2020
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37. Molecular diversity assessed amongst high dry rhizome recovery Ginger germplasm (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) from NE-India using RAPD and ISSR markers

Author

Manabi Paw, Joyashree Baruah, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Twahira Begum, Mohan Lal, and Neelav Sarma

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Germplasm, Genetic diversity, 010405 organic chemistry, Dendrogram, UPGMA, food and beverages, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, RAPD, Rhizome, Crop, Horticulture, Zingiber officinale, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Zingiber officinale Roscoe commonly known as ginger is one of the most important spice crop of North East India. This plant has found a wide range of application- as condiments and spice, as flavouring agent, in medicine and as therapeutic uses in pharmaceuticals industries. Different varieties of Zingiber officinale are cultivated in this region but their identification is still lacking till now. Evaluation of genetic diversity is therefore essential for conservation, to avoid duplicity of germplasm and maintenance of this important species. Molecular markers Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) are tested for eighty high dry recovery genotypes. Selections of genotypes are based on more than 25% dry rhizome recovery. Among 90 primers (40 RAPD and 50 ISSR) initially tested, 26 RAPD and 28 ISSR are used in the study which showed 84.1% and 85.2% polymorphism respectively. Dendrogram generated from UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) cluster analysis for both RAPD and ISSR marker was similar. Similar conclusion can be drawn from the result of cluster analysis. These primers could be used for future studies as varietal developmental programme on high dry rhizome recovery lines.

Published
2019
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40. Anethole rich Clausena heptaphylla (Roxb.) WightArn., essential oil pharmacology and genotoxic efficiencies

Author

Mohan Lal, Twahira Begum, Roktim Gogoi, Neelav Sarma, Sunita Munda, Sudin Kumar Pandey, Joyashree Baruah, Raghu Tamang, and Samarjit Saikia

Subjects
Multidisciplinary, Clausena, Oils, Volatile, Allylbenzene Derivatives, Anisoles, DNA Damage, Peptide Hydrolases
Abstract

Anethole, a widely used industrial flavoring agent is majorly sourced from anise and star anise. The present study is aimed to the in-depth pharmacological analysis i.e. anti-diabetic, skin whitening, neurodegenerative disorder inhibitory activities of anethole-rich Clausena heptaphylla leaf essential oil (ARCHEO) (88.59%) as revealed by the Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis and further confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR as well as to compare with standard compound anethole. ARCHEO (ABTS EC50 6.97 ± 0.004 µg/mL; Protease assay 4.51 ± 0.004 µg/mL) outperformed the standard compound anethole (ABTS EC50 9.48 ± 0.048 µg/mL; Protease assay EC50 22.64 ± 0.016 µg/mL) in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory experiments. ARCHEO was also shown to be more effective than the reference compound anethole in terms of anti-diabetic activity (EC50 22.35 ± 0.121 µg/mL), tyrosinase inhibitory activity (EC50 16.45 ± 0.012 µg/mL), and anti-cholinesterase activity (EC50 22.32 ± 0.016 µg/mL). However, ARCHEO exhibited lower antimicrobial activity towards all the tested microbes compared to standard compound anethole and as for the MIC, ARCHEO was effective only towards Salmonella typhimurium (60 µg/mL), Streptococcus mutans (20 µg/mL), and Aspergillus fumigatus (75 µg/mL). ARCHEO (11.11%) and anethole (12.33%) showed no genotoxic effect based on Allium cepa assay mitotic index value. Thus, ARCHEO could be a commercially viable and widely available cheaper source of anethole, which has buoyant demand in the field of food flavoring, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries.

Published
2021

41. Chemical composition of Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Skeels aerial part essential oil and its pharmacological applications, neurodegenerative inhibitory, and genotoxic efficiencies

Author

Twahira Begum, Roktim Gogoi, Neelav Sarma, Sudin Kumar Pandey, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
Antioxidant, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Biophysics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, medicine.disease_cause, Anti-inflammatory, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, law, Oils, Volatile, medicine, Food science, IC50, Flavor, Essential oil, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Cell Biology, Plant Components, Aerial, Antimicrobial, 040401 food science, Eucalyptol, Genotoxicity, DNA Damage, Food Science
Abstract

Callistemon citrinus aerial part essential oil (CCEO) was analyzed for chemical compositions using GC/MS. Pharmacological activities such as neurodegenerative inhibitory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and acetylcholinesterase activities were evaluated using the standard methodologies. Genotoxicity was investigated using Allium cepa assay. GC/MS analysis identified 27 compounds; eucalyptol (55.40%) was the major component. Radical scavenging activity showed IC50 value of 16.71 μg/mL. Protein denaturation assay showed IC50 value of 21.19 μg/mL and 19.53μg/mL in protease inhibitor activity. MIC assay revealed antimicrobial potential of CCEO against microbial strains B. cereus at 2.00 mg/mL, S. typhimurium at 4.50 mg/mL, S. mutans at 2.50 mg/mL, C. albicans at 4.00 mg/mL, and S. cerevisiae at 4.50 mg/mL concentrations. Mitotic index value (MI) of CCEO showed negligible genotoxicity with MI 17.25% close to distilled water 18.22%. Acetylcholinesterase strong inhibitory activity of CCEO was observed from IC50 = 6.335 μg/mL. CCEO could be a cheap and easy source for the extraction of the pure compound eucalyptol and possess various biological activities which increase its pharmacological value as well as its applicability in the field of flavor and fragrance industries. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Eucalyptol is the major component of many pharmaceutical and food/flavor industries. The present investigation provides a new source for the isolation of pure compound eucalyptol in cost-effective way. Additionally, the essential oil could also be used for the pharmaceutical formulation of antioxidant, inflammation inhibitory, and neurodegenerative inhibitory drug preparation under the safety range concentration.

Published
2021
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44. Essential Oil Composition of Different Accessions of Ginger Collected from Northeast Region of India

Author

Twahira Begum, Angana Borah, Manabi Paw, Sudin Kumar Pandey, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
biology, Organic Chemistry, Natural remedy, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, Herbaceous perennial, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, chemistry, law, Botany, Zingiber officinale, Zingiberaceae, Composition (visual arts), Chemical composition, Geraniol, Essential oil
Abstract

Zingiber officinale Roscoe, which belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, is a herbaceous perennial plant. The plant has been used since ancient time traditionally as a spice and as a natural remedy f...

Published
2018
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45. Study of Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Genotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activities and Analysis of Different Constituents found in Rhizome Essential Oil of

Author

Manabi, Paw, Roktim, Gogoi, Neelav, Sarma, Sudin K, Pandey, Angana, Borah, Twahira, Begum, and Mohan, Lal

Subjects
Chromosome Aberrations, Protein Denaturation, Biphenyl Compounds, Egg Proteins, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, India, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Antioxidants, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Curcuma, Anti-Infective Agents, Picrates, Onions, Oils, Volatile, Rhizome, Bacillus subtilis
Abstract

This investigation was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of Curcuma caesia Roxb rhizome essential oil.Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the chemical composition, standard antioxidative test DPPH assay, reducing power assay, in vitro antiinflammatory activity (egg albumin denaturation, protease inhibitory assay) by using standard methods. Similarly, antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration ability (MIC); while to test genotoxicity, Allium cepa assay was used.GC/MS analysis revealed eucalyptol (28.55%), epicurzerenone (19.62%), and camphor (21.73%) as the major components of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Potent antioxidant (IC50= 48.08±0.003 μg/mL), anti-inflammatory (IC50= 121.7±0.0013 μg/mL), and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil were recorded better than the standard drugs Fluconazole for fungus and Ciprofloxacin for bacteria. The essential oil also possessed a strong antibacterial effect against two tested bacterial strains B. subtilis and B. cereus with 7.5 μg/mL MIC value, while for fungal strains the essential oil was most effective against S. cereviaceae with an MIC value of 2.5 μg/mL. All the data were recorded in triplicates. Allium cepa assay revealed minor genotoxicity with mitotic index, MI= 27.70%; chromosome aberration, A= 1.1% of C. caesia rhizome essential oil.C. caesia rhizome essential oil possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties with negligible genotoxicity. Hence, the present study is highly significant for the utilization of rhizome of C. caesia, a high-value ethnopharmacological plant for advanced RD and commercial application.

Published
2019

46. Hydrodistillation based multifaceted value addition to Kaempferia galanga L. leaves, an agricultural residue

Author

Saikat Haldar, Bhaskar Protim Mahanta, Neelav Sarma, Twahira Begum, Phirose Kemprai, Lakshi Saikia, and Mohan Lal

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Agricultural residue, Flavour, Decoction, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Rhizome, law.invention, food, law, Herb, Kaempferia galanga, Food science, Agronomy and Crop Science, Distillation, Essential oil, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Kaempferia galanga (aromatic ginger) is a valuable crop in the flavour and fragrance industries due to its aromatic rhizome and the essential oil therein. The aerial part of this herb is considered as an agricultural residue and of no significant commercial value till date. In the current study, the fresh leaves of K. galanga were utilized for three-way value addition through hydrodistillation technique. The process produced fragrant distillate (essential oil and hydrosol) as a unique flavouring agent. The residual hydro-extract (decoction) in the distilling flask had the reducing capability that was demonstrated through the bio-reduction of Pd(II) to Pd(0) nanoparticle. A three-way value addition to the agricultural residue of an aromatic crop through hydrodistillation and a synthetic utilization of the residual decoction thereof was reported for the first time.

Published
2020
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