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The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are two major quality control processes whose impairment is linked to a wide variety of diseases. The coordination between UPS and autophagy remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that ubiquitin ligase UBE3C and deubiquitinating enzyme TRABID reciprocally regulate K29/K48-branched ubiquitination of VPS34. We find that this ubiquitination enhances the binding of VPS34 to proteasomes for degradation, thereby suppressing autophagosome formation and maturation. Under ER and proteotoxic stresses, UBE3C recruitment to phagophores is compromised with a concomitant increase of its association with proteasomes. This switch attenuates the action of UBE3C on VPS34, thereby elevating autophagy activity to facilitate proteostasis, ER quality control and cell survival. Specifically in the liver, we show that TRABID-mediated VPS34 stabilization is critical for lipid metabolism and is downregulated during the pathogenesis of steatosis. This study identifies a ubiquitination type on VPS34 and elucidates its cellular fate and physiological functions in proteostasis and liver metabolism., Autophagy and the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) are cellular quality control processes, but their coordination remains unclear. Here, the authors show that branched ubiquitination of VPS34 functions as a switch between UPS and autophagy and has an important role in lipid metabolism in the liver.

The tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the mechanism by which tumor cells regulate the cell and non-cell constituents of surrounding stroma remains incompletely understood. Promyelocytic leukemia (PML) is a pleiotropic tumor suppressor, but its role in tumor microenvironment regulation is poorly characterized. PML is frequently downregulated in many cancer types, including lung cancer. Here, we identify a PML ubiquitination pathway that is mediated by WD repeat 4–containing cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4WDR4). Clinically, this PML degradation pathway is hyperactivated in lung cancer and correlates with poor prognosis. The WDR4/PML axis induces a set of cell-surface or secreted factors, including CD73, urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), and serum amyloid A2 (SAA2), which elicit paracrine effects to stimulate migration, invasion, and metastasis in multiple lung cancer models. In xenograft and genetically engineered mouse models, the WDR4/PML axis elevates intratumoral Tregs and M2-like macrophages and reduces CD8+ T cells to promote lung tumor growth. These immunosuppressive effects were all reversed by CD73 blockade. Our study identifies WDR4 as an oncoprotein that negatively regulates PML via ubiquitination to promote lung cancer progression by fostering an immunosuppressive and prometastatic tumor microenvironment, suggesting the potential of immune-modulatory approaches for treating lung cancer with aberrant PML degradation.

Oxygen vacancy induced ferromagnetic coupling in diluted magnetic oxide (DMO) semiconductors have been reported in several studies, but technologically more crucial spin-polarized current (SPC) is still under-developed in DMOs. Few studies have claimed that VRH mechanism can originate the SPC, but, how VRH mechanism associated with percolation path, is not clearly understood. We used Point-contact Andreev reflection (PCAR) technique to probe the SPC in Co-doped ZnO (CZO) films. Since the high resistance samples cause broadening in conductance(G)-voltage(V) curves, which may result in an unreliable evaluation of spin polarization, we include two extra parameters, (i) effective temperature and (ii) spreading resistance, for the simulation to avoid the uncertainty in extracting spin polarization. The effective G-V curves and higher spin polarization can be obtained above a certain oxygen vacancy concentration. The number of completed and fragmentary percolation paths is proportional to the concentration of oxygen vacancies. For low oxygen vacancy samples, the Pb-tip has a higher probability of covering fragmentary percolation paths than the complete ones, due to its small contact size. The completed paths may remain independent of one another and get polarized in different directions, resulting in lower spin-polarization value. High oxygen vacancy samples provide a high density of completed path, most of them link to one another by crossing over, and gives rise to high spin-polarization value.

A foldable AMOLED display capable of enduring very severe folding and environmental impact was obtained using symmetric panel stacking (SPS) with an innovative design of color filter structure. The display was subjected to in-situ folding cycle under an ambient test condition of 60° C/90% RH and no performance degradation was found for the display and the touch function during and after the test. In addition, 95% coverage of BT. 2020 color space was obtained without additional power consumption compared to that of the panel with NTSC color space.

A foldable active-matrix organic light-emitting diode display capable of enduring very severe folding and environmental impact was obtained using symmetric panel stacking with an innovative design of color filter structure. The display was subjected to in situ folding cycle under an ambient test condition of 60°C/90% relative humidity, and no performance degradation was found for the display and the touch function during and after the test. In addition, 95% coverage of BT.2020 color space was obtained without additional power consumption compared with that of the panel with National Television System Committee (NTSC) color space.

The design and control of a process for the production of furan by the catalytic decarbonylation of furfural is studied. Starting with a conceptual flowsheet presented in the literature [8] modifications to the flowsheet are proposed and optimal values of design variables minimizing the total annual cost of the process are determined. After an optimal process design is determined the control of the process is also studied. Two control structures are considered: one in which production rate changes are accommodated by changing the catalyst concentration, and one in which production rate changes are accommodated by changing the reactor temperature. Both control structures work well for both production rate changes of ±20% and changes in the concentration of water impurity in the feed.

This paper describes how to use SIwave and Designer to research the Power integrity issues of PCB. The FR4 between the ground and Power Layers is similar to a waveguide. Electromagnetic radiation transfer through FR4, the electric field would cause potential difference on power and ground layers. The potential difference creates current and voltage so that devices make false positives. FR4 between the ground and Power Layers could be regarded as a plate parallel resonator. Energy was locked in the FR4 and appear in specific frequencies. Above troubles are Power integrity issue. It could be solve by designing a Decoupling Capacitor Network.The target impedance was presented by L. Smith in 1990. That is easy to calculate the impedance of PDN so that the target impedance would be determined. Calculating PDN impedance with Siwave always used by PI engineers.

This paper studies the effective behavior of multiferroic fibrous composites with imperfect interfaces subjected to generalized plane strain deformation coupled to out-of-plane electromagnetic fields. Mechanically compliant and weakly electromagnetic conducting interfaces are considered for the phenomenon of contact resistance between the constituents. The complex variable approach previously used in elastic composite media with perfect interfaces is extended to the current configuration. We obtain the closed-form formula of the effective property by adopting the dilute scheme, Mori–Tanaka method, ad hoc approximation, and the two-level recursive scheme. Numerical examples are considered to illustrate the effect of imperfect interfaces, and to compare the results among different micromechanical models.

In this paper, we present an energy, data and cost efficient model for mobile opportunistic PM2.5 sensing via bicycles. To facilitate the implementation of such systems, we first investigate the accuracy issue of different Inertial Monitoring Unit (IMU) built into the Arduino 101 for stop detection. Then, by curve fitting and optimization calculation on system parameter tuning and modeling, each sensor could start up at the optimum time in order to achieve minimum energy consumption and maximum data usability. Also we propose a formula that can count the minimum number of required PM2.5 sensors under the condition of total experiment time spent and total expected number of sampling point. Finally, we conduct a field experiment to evaluate the proposed model in a real world setting. The results show that total time spent of PM2.5 data collection is similar to the expected time derived from the system modeling.

A 5” plastic-based AMOLED panel with optimal structure and optical design was fabricated. The panel is designed to coincide the OLED/TFT layer with the neutral plane and limit the largest strain of the outmost part to be less than 1%. Its performance remained prominent after repeated rolled at 3mm radius.

Air-conditioning and artificial lighting consume over 50% of the energy in a building. Decreasing thermal loading and introducing sunlight into a building can effectively save electricity and reduce greenhouse effect. This study reports a design for a passive prismatic sunlight-redirecting microstructure coupled with infrared (IR) insulation. The infrared insulation is an anti-reflection nanostructure with a silver thin film. The base design uses a quadrangular prism with a 45° vertex angle and a height and pitch of 50 μm to direct the high intensity sunlight deep into the room; unfortunately, this design produces harmful glare, and the area lighted by the redirected sunlight drifts as the varies sunlight during the day. The prism is further modified using an inclined-curved complex, which has 18.3 μm pitch and 20.91 μm height. The curved plane can diffuse the sunlight into a wide-angle exiting sunlight beam, which provides uniform sunlight with a stable daylighting area. The experimental results show that the daylighting redirection efficiency reaches 70% at solar elevation angles of 40–70° and that the daylighting area can reach up to 7 m deep into the room. The average transmittance is lower than 15.46%, and the reflectance is higher than 75.64% at infrared wavelengths.

The aims of this intervention study were to examine the effects of individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) based on the modified Coping Cat Program on improving anxiety symptoms and behavioral problems in Taiwanese children with anxiety disorders and parenting stress perceived by their mothers. A total of 24 children with anxiety disorders in the treatment group completed the 17-session individual CBT based on the modified Coping Cat Program, and 26 children in the control group received the treatment as usual intervention. The Taiwanese version of the MASC (MASC-T), the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6-18 (CBCL/6-18) and the Chinese version of the Parenting Stress Index (C-PSI) were applied to assess the severities of anxiety symptoms, behavioral problems and parenting stress, respectively. The effects of CBT on improving anxiety symptoms, behavioral problems and parenting stress were examined by using linear mixed-effect model with maximum likelihood estimation. The results indicated that the CBT significantly improved the severities of MASC-T Physical Symptoms and Social Anxiety subscales, CBCL/6-18 DSM-oriented Anxiety Problem subscale, and C-PSI Child domains Mood and Adaptability subscales. Individual CBT based on the modified Coping Cat Program can potentially improve anxiety symptoms in Taiwanese children with anxiety disorders and some child domains of parenting stress perceived by their mothers.

In order to bring Ebook reader to the next stage, we have developed a prototype and concept design that combine flexible color electrophoretic display (EPD), flexible projected capacitive touch panel (TP) and amorphous-silicon gate driver circuit on array (GOA) technologies. This prototype has been fabricated successfully with the white reflectivity of 23.5%, contrast ratio of 16:1 and 16 gray-level color images. In terms of the flexible TP, it is capable of detecting multi-touch events and transmittance is more than 73.2%. GOA circuit operation is also verified with a 9-inch flexible color EPD.

This study demonstrates a sunlight guide panel with a UV-imprinted microstructure that improves sunlight utilization in buildings. The panel that was assembled to the transoms of a building guides sunlight from outdoors to enhance indoor lighting. To match the requirements of outdoor applications, an inorganic–organic hybrid material was adopted for high weather resistance and transparency. An optical analysis was conducted for outgoing angles of sunlight through the guide panel to study the effect of the angle of solar elevation, wavelength of the sunlight, wear ratio of the microstructure, and scale of the microstructure. The micropatterns of the panel included 90° feature with pitches of 50 and 100 μm, as well as 45° feature with pitch of 50 μm. The experimental results showed good pattern fidelity and a high energy efficiency in the imprinted panel. The optical performance of the sunlight guide panel was measured and found to be consistent with the simulated prediction.

Artificial lighting consumes over 20% of the total energy used by commercial buildings. Sunlight guides used in windows guide sunlight to the ceilings of indoor rooms. Microstructure film designed and fabricated by roll-to-roll embossing improves solar energy use. A roller mold was fabricated with a diamond turning lathe and used for UltraViolet (UV) cured embossing. After embossing, sunlight guide film 400 mm wide was fabricated. The film microstructure prism and curved surfaces 21 µm high and spaced at 18 µm intervals. When sunlight illuminates the inclined or curved surface, incoming rays are reflected from the outgoing surface in total internal reflection. Specimen performance wasmeasured using measurement installation including a light source, photodetector, and a rotating table. These produced sunlight guide film able to adopt elevation angles of 40°-70°. The outgoing angle exceeded a 30° average above the transom’s outgoing horizontal 90° angle, which is defined by full width at half maximum of outgoing light intensity. Experimental results showed of the microstructure film had high energy efficiency and a broad range of outgoing angles, reducing energy consumption by 19% in artificial building lighting for an ideal room model.

We present an extremely rare case of ovarian serous cystadenoma with mural nodules of rhabdomyoma. The patient, a 48-year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital with left lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. A unilocular cystic tumor, measuring 13 x 10 x 10 cm, was found in her left ovary and was removed. The tumor contained clear serous fluid, approximately 600 mL, and 2 mural nodules, up to 7.5 x 5.5 x 4.5 cm. The internal cystic wall was thin for the most part and lined with ciliated cuboidal epithelium without any malignant feature. The mural part was composed of mainly more mature muscle fibers with easily discernible cross-striations, set in abundant myxoid to fibromyxoid stroma, similar to clinical and microscopic manifestations of genital rhabdomyomas reported in other sites. Because extracardiac rhabdomyoma has never been described occurring in the ovary, especially arising in serous cystadenoma, to our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the English literature.

We synthesized a simple fluorescent receptor 3 bearing two boronic acid groups as recognition sites. The recognition behaviour of receptor 3 towards various anions was evaluated in THF/H2O (1 : 1, v/v) solution. Receptor 3 showed high selectivity for iodide among a series of anions. Fluorescence spectroscopy and computational calculations revealed that the electrostatic interaction played a crucial role in its high selectivity for iodide.

Although the clinical symptoms of patients with benign parathyroid adenoma are usually nonspecific and benign, a malignant presentation of the benign disease may sometimes occur. Here, we report a case of a 58-year-old woman who presented with aggravated sacrum pain, general malaise, and polydipsia. Initial laboratory findings revealed hypercalcemia, normocytic anemia, and impaired renal function. Acute hyper-calcemic crisis manifested and primary hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed together with myelofibrosis on account of the result of bone marrow biopsy. Excision of a parathyroid adenoma was performed, and the anemia and bone marker regressed later. These findings suggested that benign parathyroid adenoma may mimic the clinical presentation of parathyroid carcinoma, releasing excess parathyroid hormone and resulting in hyperparathyroid crisis. In addition, primary hyperparathyroidism can be associated with anemia and myelofibrosis. [ J Formos Med Assoc 2007;106(2 Suppl):S13-S16]

This paper provides a fundamental study of large area, fluxless bonding with three different solder systems Cu-Sn, Ag-In, and Ag-SnBi, which were pre-deposited in layered structures. The thickness of each individual layer was carefully designed such that, after bonding and annealing at lower temperatures, the final solder interface only had high melting point components and showed higher re-melting points. A systematic bonding study was conducted, and re-melting points and microstructure of the formed solder interface were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microsopy (SEM), respectively.Copyright © 2007 by ASME

Sea-urchin stings may produce injurious and venomous wounds. Although numerous writers refer to the danger of pedicellarial stings, there is little worth-while clinical data. We report a case of sea-urchin injury with severe local reaction and acute hepatitis. A 47-y-o Taiwanese woman accidentally stepped on a sea urchin while scuba diving on a beach in Palau Islands. The puncture wounds were numerous and she felt faintness, and immediate and intense pain. Initial management included partial spine removal, betadine immersion, intravenous fluid and analgesics. She developed fever, chills, nausea, and persistent serous discharge and tenderness from the sites of stings in the following days. She was admitted due to right foot cellulitis, sea-urchin injuries of both soles and suspected toxic hepatitis on the 7th day after envenomation. Serum alanine transaminase was 810 U/L and aspartate transaminase 320 U/L; she received i.v. antibiotics and wound debridement for removal of residual stings. She recovered gradually and was discharged 2 w later. Travel related marine animal injury has an increasing tendency throughout the world. This case had the unusual presentation of severe local reaction and hepatitis; immediate and more aggressive spine removal might have lessened the degree of injury.

Purpose We report a 70-year-old man with a salmon patch conjunctival mass diagnosed as multiple myeloma. Design Case report. Methods Surgical biopsies of the salmon patch conjunctival mass and bone marrow, as well as hematologic workup for multiple myeloma were performed. Results Conjunctival biopsy revealed heavy myeloma cells with eccentric nuclei and basophilic cytoplasm infiltrate in the conjunctival stroma. Bone marrow biopsy and aspirate showed interstitial infiltrated by myeloma cells, which stained monoclonally for immunoglobulin G (IgG)-κ light chains. Hematologic tests confirmed the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. Conclusions Multiple myeloma is one of the causes of a salmon patch conjunctival lesion and may be included in the differential diagnosis.

Satellite RNA of bamboo mosaic potexvirus (satBaMV) is a linear RNA molecule which encodes a 20-kDa nonstructural protein. Sequences of seven different satBaMV isolates from bamboo hosts in three genera showed 0.7% to 7.5% base variation which spanned the whole RNA molecule. However, the putative 20-kDa open reading frame was all preserved in these isolates. The phylogenetic relationship based on the nucleotide sequence did not show particular grouping of satBaMV from the host in one genus; neither was the grouping of satBaMV evident by location of sampling. Putative secondary structures of the 3' untranslated regions showed a basic pattern with conserved hexanucleotides (ACCUAA) and polyadenylation signal (AAUAAA) located in the loop regions. Although the satBaMV-encoded 20-kDa protein is a nonstructural protein, its predicted secondary structure contains eight-stranded beta-sheets which may form "jelly-roll" structure similar to that found in capsid protein encoded by satellite virus of panicum mosaic virus.

Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) was immunologically detected by direct tissue blotting in 11 bamboo species, including three varieties and three cultivars, in Taiwan. Viral RNA was detected in one additional bamboo species, Melocanna baccifera, by hybridization with a specific riboprobe for BaMV RNA. Most infected bamboo species have pachymorph rhizomes and belong to the genera Bambusa and Dendrocalamus. Species with other types of rhizomes were only rarely infected

Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV), isolated from infected green bamboo (Bambusa oldhamii) in Taiwan, is a flexuous, rod-shaped virus. The genome of BaMV is a single-stranded plus-sense RNA, M r 2.1×10 6 , encapsidated with capsid protein subunits of M r 28K. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-immunodiffusion and western blot analysis showed that BaMV is serologically unrelated to the tested potexviruses and other viruses. BaMV RNA, fractionated or unfractionated, directed the synthesis of one prominent high molecular weight product, M r 160K, together with several polypeptides of smaller sizes when translated in rabbit retyculocyte lysate (...)

A quantum theory of screening charges exploiting orthogonalized pseudowave functions to evaluate the conduction electron charge density due to d–p hybridization is used to solve the optical constants of transition-metal silicides. The dependence of the complex refractive indices on photon wave vector, carrier relaxation time, valence charges, and core binding energies for TiSi2 is calculated. The results show much better agreement with the observed values than those from the classical Drude model. Es wird eine Quantentheorie der Abschirmladungen, die orthogonalisierte Pseudowellenfunktionen zur Berechnung der Leitungselektronenladungsdichte infolge der d–p-Hybridisierung nutzt, ver-wendet, um die optischen Konstanten der Ubergangsmetallsilizide zu erhalten. Die Abhangigkeit der komplexen Brechungsindizes von Photonenwellenvektor, Ladungstragerrelaxationszeit, Valenzladungen und Rumpfbindungsenergien fur TiSi2 wird berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen viel bessere Ubereinstimmung mit beobachteten Werten als die aus dem klassischen Drudemodell.