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1. Search for keV-scale sterile neutrinos with the first KATRIN data

Author

M. Aker, D. Batzler, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, S. Bobien, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, M. Böttcher, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, A. S. Gavin, W. Gil, F. Glück, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, M. Kleifges, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, L. La Cascio, T. Lasserre, T. L. Le, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Müller, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, J. Ráliš, S. Ramachandran, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, R. Salomon, P. Schäfer, L. Schimpf, M. Schlösser, K. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, A. Schwemmer, M. Šefǧík, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, F. Spanier, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, M. Wetter, C. Wiesinger, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, J. Wydra, W. Xu, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract In this work we present a keV-scale sterile-neutrino search with a low-tritium-activity data set of the KATRIN experiment, acquired in a commissioning run in 2018. KATRIN performs a spectroscopic measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -decay spectrum with the main goal of directly determining the effective electron anti-neutrino mass. During this commissioning phase a lower tritium activity facilitated the measurement of a wider part of the tritium spectrum and thus the search for sterile neutrinos with a mass of up to $$1.6\, \textrm{keV}$$ 1.6 keV . We do not find a signal and set an exclusion limit on the sterile-to-active mixing amplitude of $$\sin ^2\theta < 5\times 10^{-4}$$ sin 2 θ < 5 × 10 - 4 ( $$95\%$$ 95 % C.L.) at a mass of 0.3 keV. This result improves current laboratory-based bounds in the sterile-neutrino mass range between 0.1 and 1.0 keV.

Published
2023
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2. Precision measurement of the electron energy-loss function in tritium and deuterium gas for the KATRIN experiment

Author

M. Aker, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, M. Böttcher, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, R. M. D. Carney, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, A. El Miniawy, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Groh, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, L. La Cascio, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, T. L. Le, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, M. Meier, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Müller, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schäfer, A. Schaller (née Pollithy), L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, C. Schwachtgen, M. Šefčík, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The KATRIN experiment is designed for a direct and model-independent determination of the effective electron anti-neutrino mass via a high-precision measurement of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -decay endpoint region with a sensitivity on $$m_\nu $$ m ν of 0.2 $$\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2$$ eV / c 2 (90% CL). For this purpose, the $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from a high-luminosity windowless gaseous tritium source traversing an electrostatic retarding spectrometer are counted to obtain an integral spectrum around the endpoint energy of 18.6 keV. A dominant systematic effect of the response of the experimental setup is the energy loss of $$\upbeta $$ β -electrons from elastic and inelastic scattering off tritium molecules within the source. We determined the energy-loss function in-situ with a pulsed angular-selective and monoenergetic photoelectron source at various tritium-source densities. The data was recorded in integral and differential modes; the latter was achieved by using a novel time-of-flight technique. We developed a semi-empirical parametrization for the energy-loss function for the scattering of 18.6-keV electrons from hydrogen isotopologs. This model was fit to measurement data with a 95% $$\hbox {T}_2$$ T 2 gas mixture at 30 K, as used in the first KATRIN neutrino-mass analyses, as well as a $$\hbox {D}_2$$ D 2 gas mixture of 96% purity used in KATRIN commissioning runs. The achieved precision on the energy-loss function has abated the corresponding uncertainty of $$\sigma (m_\nu ^2)< {{10}^{-2}}{\hbox {eV}^{2}}$$ σ ( m ν 2 ) < 10 - 2 eV 2 [1] in the KATRIN neutrino-mass measurement to a subdominant level.

Published
2021
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3. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author

M. Aker, K. Altenmüller, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, F. Block, S. Bobien, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, H. Bouquet, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. Díaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, H. Frankrone, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Glück, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, J. Hartmann, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, J. Heizmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, D. Hillesheimer, D. Hinz, T. Höhn, B. Holzapfel, S. Holzmann, T. Houdy, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Klein, C. Köhler, L. Köllenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, H. Krause, B. Kuffner, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, L. La Cascio, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, J. Letnev, F. Leven, T. L. Le, S. Lichter, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, K. Müller, U. Naumann, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, M. Noe, H.-W. Ortjohann, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. Rinderspacher, R. G. H. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, P. Rohr, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schäfer, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, W. Seller, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezák, F. Spanier, M. Steidl, M. Steven, M. Sturm, M. Suesser, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)-neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2eV/c $$^2$$ 2 by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $$\beta $$ β -decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic (MAC-E) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, creating a Penning trap is unavoidable when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, “electron catchers” were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background.

Published
2020
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4. Gamma-induced background in the KATRIN main spectrometer

Author

K. Altenmüller, M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, F. Block, S. Bobien, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, H. Bouquet, T. Brunst, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, D. Hillesheimer, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, A. Kraus, M. Kraus, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, L. Schlüter, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The KATRIN experiment aims to measure the effective electron antineutrino mass $$m_{\overline{\nu }_e}$$ mν¯e with a sensitivity of $${0.2}\,{\hbox {eV}/\hbox {c}^2}$$ 0.2eV/c2 using a gaseous tritium source combined with the MAC-E filter technique. A low background rate is crucial to achieving the proposed sensitivity, and dedicated measurements have been performed to study possible sources of background electrons. In this work, we test the hypothesis that gamma radiation from external radioactive sources significantly increases the rate of background events created in the main spectrometer (MS) and observed in the focal-plane detector. Using detailed simulations of the gamma flux in the experimental hall, combined with a series of experimental tests that artificially increased or decreased the local gamma flux to the MS, we set an upper limit of $${0.006}\,{\hbox {count}/\hbox {s}}$$ 0.006count/s (90% C.L.) from this mechanism. Our results indicate the effectiveness of the electrostatic and magnetic shielding used to block secondary electrons emitted from the inner surface of the MS.

Published
2019
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5. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author

M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, S. Bauer, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, R. Berendes, T. Bergmann, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, W. Buglak, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, D. Furse, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, L. Kuckert, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Off, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, F. Roccati, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, K. Schönung, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J. Sentkerestiová, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, N. Wandkowsky, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, and S. Zadoroghny

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $${0.2}{\hbox { eV/c}^{2}}$$ 0.2eV/c2 (%90 CL) by precision measurement of the shape of the tritium $$\upbeta $$ β -spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. A common background source in this setup is the decay of short-lived isotopes, such as $${}^{\text {219}}\text {Rn}$$ 219Rn and $${}^{\text {220}}\text {Rn}$$ 220Rn , in the spectrometer volume. Active and passive countermeasures have been implemented and tested at the KATRIN main spectrometer. One of these is the magnetic pulse method, which employs the existing air coil system to reduce the magnetic guiding field in the spectrometer on a short timescale in order to remove low- and high-energy stored electrons. Here we describe the working principle of this method and present results from commissioning measurements at the main spectrometer. Simulations with the particle-tracking software Kassiopeia were carried out to gain a detailed understanding of the electron storage conditions and removal processes.

Published
2018
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6. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $$^{83{\mathrm{m}}}$$ 83m Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author

M. Arenz, W.-J. Baek, M. Beck, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, T. Bergmann, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, K. Blaum, T. Bode, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, N. Buzinsky, S. Chilingaryan, W. Q. Choi, M. Deffert, P. J. Doe, O. Dragoun, G. Drexlin, S. Dyba, F. Edzards, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, M. Erhard, D. Eversheim, M. Fedkevych, S. Fischer, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Fränkle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, W. Gil, F. Glück, A. Gonzalez Ureña, S. Grohmann, R. Grössle, R. Gumbsheimer, M. Hackenjos, V. Hannen, F. Harms, N. Haußmann, F. Heizmann, K. Helbing, W. Herz, S. Hickford, D. Hilk, D. Hillesheimer, M. A. Howe, A. Huber, A. Jansen, J. Kellerer, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, M. Kleesiek, M. Klein, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalík, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, L. Kuckert, T. Lasserre, O. Lebeda, J. Letnev, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, S. Mertens, S. Mirz, B. Monreal, H. Neumann, S. Niemes, A. Off, A. Osipowicz, E. Otten, D. S. Parno, A. Pollithy, A. W. P. Poon, F. Priester, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, O. Rest, R. G. H. Robertson, F. Roccati, C. Rodenbeck, M. Röllig, C. Röttele, M. Ryšavý, R. Sack, A. Saenz, L. Schimpf, K. Schlösser, M. Schlösser, K. Schönung, M. Schrank, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J. Sentkerestiová, V. Sibille, M. Slezák, M. Steidl, N. Steinbrink, M. Sturm, M. Suchopar, M. Suesser, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thümmler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, N. Trost, K. Valerius, D. Vénos, R. Vianden, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Weber, C. Weinheimer, C. Weiss, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wüstling, and S. Zadoroghny

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two $$^{83{\mathrm{m}}}$$ 83m Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor $$M=1972.449(10)$$ M=1972.449(10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider.

Published
2018
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7. First direct neutrino-mass measurement with sub-eV sensitivity

Author

M. Aker, M. Bottcher, A. Beglarian, J. Behrens, A. Berlev, U. Besserer, B. Bieringer, F. Block, B. Bornschein, L. Bornschein, T. Brunst, T. S. Caldwell, R. M. D. Carney, L. La Cascio, S. Chilingaryan, W. Choi, K. Debowski, M. Deffert, M. Descher, D. D´ıaz Barrero, P. J. Doe, O. Dragouns, G. Drexlin, K. Eitel, E. Ellinger, R. Engel, S. Enomoto, A. Felden, J. A. Formaggio, F. M. Frankle, G. B. Franklin, F. Friedel, A. Fulst, K. Gauda, W. Gil, F. Gluck, R. Grossle, R. Gumbsheimer, V. Gupta, T. Hohn, V. Hannen, N. Haußmann, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, R. Hiller, D. Hillsheimer, D. Hinz, T. Houdy, A. Huber, A. Jansen, C. Karl, F. Kellerer, J. Kellerer, M. Klein, C. Kohler, L. Kollenberger, A. Kopmann, M. Korzeczek, A. Kovalik, B. Krasch, H. Krause, N. Kunka, T. Lasserre, T. L. Le, O. Lebeda, B. Lehnert, A. Lokhov, M. Machatschek, E. Malcherek, M. Mark, A. Marsteller, E. L. Martin, C. Melzer, A. Menshikov, Susanne Mertens, S. Mertens, J. Mostafa, K. Muller, S. Niemes, P. Oelpmann, D. S. Parno, A. W. P. Poon, J. M. L. Poyato, F. Priester, M. Rollig, C. Rottele, R. G. H. Robertson, W. Rodejohann, C. Rodenbeck, M. Rysavy, R. Sack, A. Saenz, P. Schafer, A. Schaller (nee Pollithy), L. Schimpf, K. Scholosser, Magnus Schlösser, L. Schluter, S. Schneidewind, M. Schrank, B. Schulz, A. Schwemmer, M. Sefcık, V. Sibille, D. Siegmann, M. Slezak, M. Steidl, M. Sturm, M. Sun, D. Tcherniakhovski, H. H. Telle, L. A. Thorne, T. Thummler, N. Titov, I. Tkachev, K. Urban, K. Valerius, D. Venos, A. P. Vizcaya Hernandez, C. Weinheimer, S. Welte, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Wolf, S. Wustling, W. Xu, Y.-R. Yen, S. Zadoroghny, and G. Zeller

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Electron, Sensitivity (control systems), Mass campaign, Neutrino, Spectral data, Mass measurement, KATRIN
Abstract

We report the results of the second measurement campaign of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. KATRIN probes the effective electron anti-neutrino mass, mν, via a high-precision measurement of the tritium β-decay spectrum close to its endpoint at 18.6 keV. In the second physics run presented here, the source activity was increased by a factor of 3.8 and the background was reduced by 25% with respect to the first campaign. A sensitivity on mν of 0.7 eV/c2 at 90% confidence level (CL) was reached. This is the first sub-eV sensitivity from a direct neutrino-mass experiment. The best fit to the spectral data yields mν2=(0.26±0.34) eV2/c4, resulting in an upper limit of mν2 (90% CL). By combining this result with the first neutrino mass campaign, we find an upper limit of mν2 (90% CL).

Published
2021
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8. The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

Author

Stefan Welte, N. Titov, N. Trost, Suren Chilingaryan, S. Zadoroghny, J. Mostafa, B. Bieringer, L.I. Minter, B. L. Wall, M. Šefčík, M. Zacher, S. Bauer, C. Rodenbeck, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, M. Fedkevych, M. Held, H. Bouquet, B. Krasch, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, F. Block, T. Höhn, K. Vogt, A. Beglarian, C. Weinheimer, Thierry Lasserre, F. Eichelhardt, H. Bolz, Igor Tkachev, M. A. Howe, P. Plischke, C. Bettin, D.A. Peterson, P. Renschler, F. M. Fränkle, J. Grimm, Guido Drexlin, F. Edzards, A. Verbeek, B. Ostrick, K. Mehret, C. Köhler, B.A. VanDevender, M. Erhard, A. Felden, U. Naumann, R. Grössle, J. Kleinfeller, M. Hackenjos, M. Böttcher, Holger Neumann, Volker Hannen, L. La Cascio, B. Bender, K. Helbing, M. Meloni, H. Weingardt, P. Oelpmann, A. Osipowicz, R. Rinderspacher, Klaus Blaum, N.M. Boyd, A. Off, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, M. Deffert, A. Kumb, H. Frenzel, S. Horn, S. Dyba, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, P. J. Doe, H. Bechtler, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, F. Heizmann, Lutz Bornschein, M. Prall, M. Klein, W. Gil, K. Gauda, G.A. Cox, A. Kovalík, K. Schlösser, A. I. Berlev, K.J. Wierman, M. Kaiser, S. Schneidewind, U. Besserer, R. Berendes, S. Fischer, A. Schaller, A. Jansen, S. Bobien, K. Altenmüller, Y.-R. Yen, O. Rest, E. L. Martin, K. Urban, A. Menshikov, R. G. H. Robertson, Reiner Vianden, A. Kosmider, M. Ryšavý, S. Groh, Ferenc Glück, Alan Poon, H.-W. Ortjohann, D. Hillesheimer, Alexey Lokhov, J. Reich, W. Seller, T. Brunst, G. P. Zeller, M. Slezák, J. A. Dunmore, S. Niemes, J. Bast, P. Rohr, S. Lichter, M. Korzeczek, M. Aker, M. Babutzka, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, K. Debowski, T. D. Van Wechel, Susanne Mertens, S. Görhardt, M. Descher, B. Hillen, D. Vénos, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, A. Huber, S. Hickford, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, B. Lehnert, Felix Spanier, M. Mark, P. Schäfer, J. Hartmann, R. Sack, R. Gehring, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J.F. Amsbaugh, L. A. Thorne, J. Letnev, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, E. Ellinger, B. Leiber, Alejandro Saenz, T. James, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, M. Zboril, M. Kleesiek, W. Xu, T. S. Caldwell, Werner Rodejohann, Matthias Arenz, Ondřej Lebeda, L. Schlüter, M. Kraus, Joachim Wolf, N. Haußmann, Daniel Siegmann, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, M. Steidl, O. Kazachenko, Benjamin Monreal, D. Díaz Barrero, E. Malcherek, J. Bohn, M. Leber, O. Dragoun, Denis Tcherniakhovski, T.J. Corona, J. Behrens, G. C. Harper, N. Kunka, M. Sagawe, Magnus Schlösser, Diana Parno, J. Wendel, Steffen Grohmann, S. Holzmann, L. Köllenberger, T.H. Burritt, D. Eversheim, Marcus Beck, Thomas Thümmler, L. Kuckert, R. Hiller, N. Wandkowsky, Z. Chaoui, K. Eitel, D. Hilk, M. Hötzel, Kathrin Valerius, C. Weiss, S. Rupp, M. Kleifges, C. Karl, M. Schrank, L. Schimpf, R. J. Lewis, J. F. Wilkerson, H. Schön, L. Kippenbrock, K. Schönung, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, C. Melzer, Helmut H. Telle, J. Schwarz, W. Q. Choi, J. M. Lopez Poyato, D. Häßler, B. Schulz, Ralph Engel, K. Müller, Sanshiro Enomoto, T. L. Le, K. Bokeloh, A. W. Myers, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, The KATRIN collaboration, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Project commissioning, Computer science, FOS: Physical sciences, beam transport, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, Technical design, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, mass: scale, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Mass scale, ddc:530, neutrino: mass, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, detector: design, activity report, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), stability, sensitivity, Mass measurement, Beamline, Neutrino
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/270060419] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [arXiv:1909.06048]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns., Comment: Added missing acknowledgement, corrected performance statement in chapter 4.2.5, updated author list and references

Published
2021
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9. Bound on 3+1 Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing from the First Four-Week Science Run of KATRIN

Author

K. Gauda, U. Besserer, R. Hiller, K. Eitel, Alejandro Saenz, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, Sanshiro Enomoto, T. L. Le, C. Karl, W. Xu, S. Dyba, W. Q. Choi, T. Brunst, M. Schrank, L. La Cascio, L. Köllenberger, M. Slezák, Volker Hannen, S. Hickford, J. M. Lopez Poyato, Magnus Schlösser, L. Schimpf, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, N. Titov, A. Kovalík, A. Schaller, C. Weinheimer, Diana Parno, B. Schulz, L. Schlüter, T. Höhn, Y.-R. Yen, O. Rest, E. Ellinger, F. M. Fränkle, Ralph Engel, J. Wendel, J. F. Wilkerson, R. G. H. Robertson, K. Müller, P. Oelpmann, M. Steidl, B. Krasch, Alexey Lokhov, Thierry Lasserre, A. I. Berlev, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, Thomas Thümmler, G. B. Franklin, D. Díaz Barrero, Guido Drexlin, P. J. Doe, M. Korzeczek, Susanne Mertens, Igor Tkachev, M. Aker, R. Grössle, K. Helbing, Kathrin Valerius, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, A. Jansen, M. Ryšavý, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, C. Weiss, C. Melzer, Lutz Bornschein, N. Haußmann, Daniel Siegmann, G. P. Zeller, M. Šefčík, R. Sack, E. Malcherek, E. L. Martin, Felix Spanier, K. Debowski, M. Mark, P. Schäfer, M. Descher, D. Vénos, B. Lehnert, N. Le Guennic, S. Zadoroghny, L. A. Thorne, K. Altenmüller, S. Niemes, Joachim Wolf, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, K. Schlösser, M. Machatschek, C. Rodenbeck, M. Böttcher, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, A. Huber, H. H. Telle, B. Bieringer, A. Beglarian, A. Felden, N. Trost, Ondřej Lebeda, F. Edzards, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, M. Klein, W. Gil, M. Fedkevych, F. Block, A. Osipowicz, T. S. Caldwell, Alan Poon, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Semileptonic decay, Sterile neutrino, neutrino: mass difference, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, anomaly, Spectral distortion, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Combinatorics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Mixing (physics), Physics, nucleus: semileptonic decay, gallium, electron: particle identification, tritium, neutrino: sterile: mass, State (functional analysis), ddc, Elementary Particles and Fields, spectral, neutrino: oscillation, nuclear reactor, Neutrino, Präzisionsexperimente - Abteilung Blaum, neutrino: mixing, experimental results
Abstract

We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in~2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino of mass $m_{4}$. The analysis is sensitive to a fourth mass state $m^2_{4} \lesssim$ 1000 eV$^2$ and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to $|U_{e4}|^2 \gtrsim 2\cdot10^{-2}$. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results and improve the Troitsk bound for $m^2_{4}, Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2021
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10. Design of a Spectroscopy Experiment for All Hydrogen Isotopologues in the Gaseous, Liquid, and Solid Phase

Author

B. Krasch, Beate Bornschein, Robin Größle, U. Besserer, Stefan Welte, and Sebastian Mirz

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Hydrogen, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Infrared spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Isotope separation, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Isotopologue, Tritium, Spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

An integral part of the fuel cycle of future fusion facilities is the isotope separation system (ISS). The Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) is currently developing a system to monitor the concentration of all six hydrogen isotopologues Q2 (H2, HD, D2, HT, DT, T2) in the liquid phase in the cryogenic distillation process of the ISS.Liquid inactive Q2 were already successfully analyzed under cryogenic conditions via infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy and calibration data for D2 is provided by previous experiments at TLK. The new experiment T2ApIR (Tritium Absorption Infrared Spectroscopy Experiment) is designed to be fully tritium compatible to perform a complete calibration of the IR absorption measurement system with all six hydrogen isotopologues in the liquid phase under conditions similar to the ISS. This provides a unique non-invasive, inline and real-time measurement system for isotopologic concentration determination, ready for implementation in the cryogenic distillation column.

Published
2017
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11. The Five Phases to Standard Tritium Operation of KATRIN

Author

Jürgen Wendel, Markus Steidl, Kathrin Valerius, Beate Bornschein, U. Besserer, and Michael Sturm

Subjects
Physics, Cryostat, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Tritium, Civil and Structural Engineering, KATRIN
Abstract

By an international collaboration the KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment KATRIN is currently being installed and commissioned at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), the site selection that makes sure of the unique expertise and infrastructure of Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK). KATRIN requires a strong windowless gaseous source of almost pure molecular tritium (95%) and a throughput of 40 g tritium (1.5·1016 Bq) per day, stabilized to the 0.1% level. Since the last large components have been delivered in summer 2015, the collaboration is now focusing on the commissioning of the whole KATRIN experiment. A particular challenge is the commissioning with tritium, which will mark the point of no return regarding the contamination of the large magnet cryostats and tritium loop components. We have developed a 5-phase plan that covers all necessary work to be done for the safe and reliable standard tritium operation of KATRIN.

Published
2017
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12. Suppression of Penning discharges between the KATRIN spectrometers

Author

D. Díaz Barrero, W. Seller, S. Zadoroghny, Sanshiro Enomoto, T. L. Le, Holger Neumann, Ondřej Lebeda, C. Rodenbeck, P. Rohr, B. Kuffner, N. Haußmann, S. Niemes, H. Bouquet, M. Aker, A. Menshikov, Bernhard Holzapfel, Klaus Blaum, Daniel Siegmann, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, M. Deffert, M. Klein, Thomas Thümmler, G. P. Zeller, A. Marsteller, Reiner Vianden, F. Friedel, F. Block, Magnus Schlösser, F. Leven, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, J. Heizmann, S. Dyba, M. Machatschek, Diana Parno, M. Steidl, J. Wendel, L. La Cascio, C. Melzer, N. Kernert, M. Korzeczek, A. Felden, H. Frankrone, K. Debowski, J. Hartmann, W. Q. Choi, U. Naumann, A. W. P. Poon, M. Descher, A. Osipowicz, Y.-R. Yen, O. Rest, Susanne Mertens, Steffen Grohmann, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, K. Gauda, A. Kovalík, N. Kunka, N. Titov, P. J. Doe, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, D. Vénos, M. Schrank, W. Gil, U. Besserer, Alexey Lokhov, B. Lehnert, B. Krasch, S. Bobien, Kathrin Valerius, T. S. Caldwell, Thierry Lasserre, K. Schlösser, A. Jansen, R. G. H. Robertson, L. Schimpf, K. Altenmüller, E. L. Martin, A. Pollithy, Guido Drexlin, Ferenc Glück, M. Hackenjos, D. Hillesheimer, B. Schulz, Ralph Engel, N. Trost, C. Weiss, K. Müller, M. Steven, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, T. Höhn, P. Schäfer, H.-W. Ortjohann, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, R. Sack, Ch. Weinheimer, J. F. Wilkerson, S. Lichter, Volker Hannen, L. A. Thorne, R. Grössle, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, L. Köllenberger, Florian Priester, M. Ryšavý, L. Schlüter, Marc Weber, Ernst W. Otten, J. M. L. Poyato, M. Fedkevych, R. Rinderspacher, K. Helbing, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, Lutz Bornschein, Felix Spanier, Igor Tkachev, F. M. Fränkle, A. I. Berlev, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, Joachim Wolf, C. Köhler, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, E. Malcherek, Denis Tcherniakhovski, Alejandro Saenz, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, W. Xu, Mathias Noe, T. Brunst, M. Slezák, S. Hickford, J. Letnev, M. Suesser, E. Ellinger, S. Holzmann, D. Eversheim, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, H. H. Telle, A. Beglarian, K. Eitel, C. Karl, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Penning trap, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Superconducting magnet, Electron, Tritium, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Electron Capture, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Química, magnet: superconductivity, spectrometer: electrostatic, Beamline, Beta (plasma physics), electron: background, lcsh:QC770-798, Neutrino, Neutrino Mass
Abstract

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) aims to determine the effective electron (anti)neutrino mass with a sensitivity of $0.2\textrm{ eV/c}^2$ (90$\%$ C.L.) by precisely measuring the endpoint region of the tritium $\beta$-decay spectrum. It uses a tandem of electrostatic spectrometers working as MAC-E (magnetic adiabatic collimation combined with an electrostatic) filters. In the space between the pre-spectrometer and the main spectrometer, an unavoidable Penning trap is created when the superconducting magnet between the two spectrometers, biased at their respective nominal potentials, is energized. The electrons accumulated in this trap can lead to discharges, which create additional background electrons and endanger the spectrometer and detector section downstream. To counteract this problem, "electron catchers" were installed in the beamline inside the magnet bore between the two spectrometers. These catchers can be moved across the magnetic-flux tube and intercept on a sub-ms time scale the stored electrons along their magnetron motion paths. In this paper, we report on the design and the successful commissioning of the electron catchers and present results on their efficiency in reducing the experimental background., Comment: - 12 pages, 14 figures, LaTeX; typos corrected, references added; precised a few arguments, added additional discussions, results unchanged

Published
2020
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13. First operation of the KATRIN experiment with tritium

Author

Kathrin Valerius, B. Lehnert, Pablo I. Morales Guzmán, Felix Spanier, J. F. Wilkerson, A. Off, Fotios Megas, C. Weiss, B. Schulz, Manuel Lebert, R. Grössle, Ralph Engel, K. Müller, N. Kernert, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, K. Helbing, A. Huber, Martin Ha-Minh, Weiran Xu, Siegfried Holzmann, G. B. Franklin, Johann Letnev, L. Köllenberger, Marius Arenz, F. M. Fränkle, M. Steidl, E. L. Martin, M. A. Howe, M. Schrank, P. J. Doe, A. Kovalík, S. Dyba, K. Debowski, F. Edzards, N. Trost, Deseada D. Díaz Barrero, Reiner Vianden, M. Descher, M. Hackenjos, L. Schimpf, Miloš Ryšavý, Norbert Kunka, Thomas Thümmler, D. Fuchs, Heinz Frankrone, A. Jansen, M. Aker, P. Schäfer, W. Q. Choi, Heiko Bouquet, K. Eitel, Fabian Leven, C. Rodenbeck, F. Heizmann, L. Schlüter, Y.-R. Yen, K. Urban, B. Krasch, Thierry Lasserre, O. Rest, L. A. Thorne, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, T. Houdy, D. Hinz, Sebastian Mirz, M. Fedkevych, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, N. Titov, Rolf Rinderspacher, John E. Barrett, Guido Drexlin, M. Korzeczek, Anna Pollithy, Susanne Mertens, M. Klein, Holger Neumann, A. Osipowicz, Sanshiro Enomoto, R. Sack, Magnus Schlösser, C. Melzer, Alexey Lokhov, T. L. Le, Benedikt Kuffner, Bernhard Holzapfel, Petra Rohr, K. Gauda, A. Felden, N. Haußmann, U. Besserer, G. P. Zeller, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, Drahoslav Vénos, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, Christian Weinheimer, Daniel Siegmann, Diana Parno, C. Karl, J. Manuel Lopez Poyato, A. I. Berlev, Steffen Bobien, Luisa La Cascio, Ernst W. Otten, K. Schlösser, K. Altenmüller, Igor Tkachev, J. Wendel, Johannes Heizmann, Lutz Bornschein, Martin Mark, Uwe Naumann, Steffen Grohmann, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, S. V. Zadorozhny, Julius Hartmann, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, Volker Hannen, Manfred Suesser, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, T. Höhn, A. Beglarian, Ondřej Lebeda, Matthias Meier, Stefan Welte, Alejandro Saenz, Suren Chilingaryan, Beate Bornschein, Madlen Steven, Sascha Wüstling, H. H. Telle, S. Niemes, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, Mathias Noe, M. Machatschek, Steffen Lichter, Thomas S. Caldwell, T. Brunst, M. Slezák, S. Hickford, Ana P. Vizcaya Hernández, E. Ellinger, D. Eversheim, E. Malcherek, Denis Tcherniakhovski, R. G. Hamish Robertson, Woo-Jeong Baek, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, H. Krause, M. Sun, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, Waldemar Seller, Joachim Wolf, C. Köhler, A. Menshikov, W. Gil, H.-W. Ortjohann, F. Block, A. W. P. Poon, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Tritium, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, antineutrino/e: mass, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Mass scale, ddc:530, Electron Capture, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Nuclear Experiment, Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, tritium, Química, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), sensitivity, ddc, lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Präzisionsexperimente - Abteilung Blaum, Neutrino Mass, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Electron neutrino, performance, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, experimental results
Abstract

The determination of the neutrino mass is one of the major challenges in astroparticle physics today. Direct neutrino mass experiments, based solely on the kinematics of $$\upbeta $$β-decay, provide a largely model-independent probe to the neutrino mass scale. The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is designed to directly measure the effective electron antineutrino mass with a sensitivity of $$0.2\hbox { eV}$$0.2eV ($$90\%$$90% CL). In this work we report on the first operation of KATRIN with tritium which took place in 2018. During this commissioning phase of the tritium circulation system, excellent agreement of the theoretical prediction with the recorded spectra was found and stable conditions over a time period of 13 days could be established. These results are an essential prerequisite for the subsequent neutrino mass measurements with KATRIN in 2019.

Published
2019
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14. High-resolution spectroscopy of gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr conversion electrons with the KATRIN experiment

Author

A. Off, N. Haußmann, Ralph Engel, M. Schrank, A. Huber, N. Titov, S. Bobien, L. Schimpf, M. Suesser, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, E. L. Martin, Reiner Vianden, Helmut H. Telle, T. Bergmann, S. Dyba, M. Korzeczek, F. Roccati, M. A. Howe, W. Q. Choi, Susanne Mertens, M. Fedkevych, M. Ryšavý, D. Eversheim, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, K. Schlösser, F. Edzards, B. Krasch, N. Trost, S. Zadoroghny, M. Hackenjos, Marcus Beck, O. Rest, K. Schönung, A. Pollithy, M. Suchopar, Thierry Lasserre, P. C-O Ranitzsch, F. M. Fränkle, A. I. Berlev, W.-J. Baek, J. Sentkerestiová, S. Hickford, R. Grössle, K. Helbing, Matthias Arenz, F. Heizmann, Lutz Bornschein, Magnus Schlösser, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, Guido Drexlin, Alexey Lokhov, Sanshiro Enomoto, C. Rodenbeck, M. Klein, N. Buzinsky, D. Hilk, Ondřej Lebeda, Sebastian Mirz, J. F. Wilkerson, Diana Parno, M. Steidl, Florian Priester, J. Letnev, Igor Tkachev, E. Ellinger, L. Kippenbrock, A. Kovalík, Kathrin Valerius, J. Wendel, Marc Weber, M. Kraus, Joachim Wolf, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, Steffen Grohmann, K. Eitel, W. Gil, R. G. H. Robertson, Joseph A. Formaggio, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Michael Sturm, T. Brunst, D. Hinz, T. Bode, D. Vénos, M. Slezák, Thomas Thümmler, Alejandro Saenz, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, A. González Ureña, U. Besserer, J. Kellerer, F. Block, P. Plischke, A. Beglarian, A. Fulst, A. W. P. Poon, A. Osipowicz, Benjamin Monreal, Holger Neumann, Ernst W. Otten, O. Dragoun, J. Behrens, K. Altenmüller, R. Sack, Ch. Weinheimer, N. Kernert, N. Steinbrink, S. Niemes, G. P. Zeller, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, L. A. Thorne, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, Volker Hannen, P. J. Doe, A. Jansen, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Resolution (mass spectrometry), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, energy resolution, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], KATRIN, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, neutrino mass, Nuclear physics, Particle and Plasma Physics, conversion electrons, Metastability, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Spectrometer, electrostatic spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, krypton: decay, Molecular, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), krypton: nuclide, 530 Physik, calibration, Nuclear & Particles Physics, ddc, 3. Good health, Beamline, electron: energy spectrum, Neutrino, performance
Abstract

In this work, we present the first spectroscopic measurements of conversion electrons originating from the decay of metastable gaseous $^\mathrm{83m}$Kr with the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment. The results obtained in this calibration measurement represent a major commissioning milestone for the upcoming direct neutrino mass measurement with KATRIN. The successful campaign demonstrates the functionalities of the full KATRIN beamline. The KATRIN main spectrometer's excellent energy resolution of ~ 1 eV made it possible to determine the narrow K-32 and L$_3$-32 conversion electron line widths with an unprecedented precision of ~ 1 %., Fixed affiliation of the corresponding author

Published
2019
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15. First transmission of electrons and ions through the KATRIN beamline

Author

A. Pollithy, M. Steidl, Ch. Weinheimer, Alejandro Saenz, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, K. Schlösser, Volker Hannen, Stefan Welte, D. Hilk, Suren Chilingaryan, N. Kernert, S. Hickford, A. I. Berlev, W.-J. Baek, Ralph Engel, Marcus Beck, M. Kleesiek, A. Off, O. Rest, C. Rodenbeck, A. Beglarian, T. Bode, M. Suchopar, W. Herz, Kathrin Valerius, Magnus Schlösser, Florian Priester, Ernst W. Otten, R. Sack, Diana Parno, L. Kippenbrock, Helmut H. Telle, Matthias Arenz, Marc Weber, A. W. P. Poon, Joseph A. Formaggio, J. Wendel, W. Q. Choi, T. Brunst, N. Steinbrink, Ondřej Lebeda, S. Zadoroghny, J. Sentkerestiová, Steffen Grohmann, M. Erhard, L. Kuckert, C. Weiss, S. Niemes, P. J. Doe, S. Fischer, D. Vénos, A. Marsteller, J. Letnev, E. Ellinger, B. Krasch, M. Kraus, Thierry Lasserre, Andreas Kopmann, F. Friedel, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, Sanshiro Enomoto, A. Kovalík, L. Bornschein, A. Jansen, K. Eitel, R. G. H. Robertson, Ferenc Glück, T. Thümmler, D. Hillesheimer, Guido Drexlin, M. Fedkevych, N. Trost, U. Besserer, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, W. Gil, M. Suesser, M. Slezák, K. Helbing, F. Edzards, A. González Ureña, L. A. Thorne, N. Titov, D. Eversheim, R. Grössle, H.-W. Ortjohann, V. Sibille, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, J. F. Wilkerson, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, K. Schönung, Holger Neumann, R. Gumbsheimer, G. B. Franklin, M. A. Howe, M. Schrank, J. Behrens, L. Schimpf, N. Buzinsky, T. Bergmann, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, M. Klein, F. Roccati, M. Ryšavý, M. Hackenjos, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, A. Osipowicz, E. L. Martin, Reiner Vianden, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, Benjamin Monreal, F. M. Fränkle, M. Korzeczek, O. Dragoun, Susanne Mertens, N. Haußmann, A. Huber, Igor Tkachev, J. Kellerer, A. Fulst, U. Naumann, Michael Sturm, Joachim Wolf, S. Dyba, Alexey Lokhov, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Buzinsky, Nicholas Gregory, and Formaggio, Joseph A

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Ion beam, FOS: Physical sciences, beam transport, ion: beam, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], KATRIN, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ion, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], electron: beam, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Nuclear Experiment, Mathematical Physics, activity report, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, photoelectron: emission, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Photoelectric effect, stability, sensitivity, Ion source, ddc, Beamline, Cathode ray, Neutrino, performance
Abstract

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment is a large-scale effort to probe the absolute neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% confidence level), via a precise measurement of the endpoint spectrum of tritium β-decay. This work documents several KATRIN commissioning milestones: the complete assembly of the experimental beamline, the successful transmission of electrons from three sources through the beamline to the primary detector, and tests of ion transport and retention. In the First Light commissioning campaign of autumn 2016, photoelectrons were generated at the rear wall and ions were created by a dedicated ion source attached to the rear section; in July 2017, gaseous83mKr was injected into the KATRIN source section, and a condensed83mKr source was deployed in the transport section. In this paper we describe the technical details of the apparatus and the configuration for each measurement, and give first results on source and system performance. We have successfully achieved transmission from all four sources, established system stability, and characterized many aspects of the apparatus., United States. Department of Energy (Grant DEFG02-97ER41020), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-94ER40818), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC0004036), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-97ER41033), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02- 97ER41041), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-AC02-05CH11231), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC0011091)

Published
2018
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16. Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe: Administrative and Technical Framework for Isotope Laboratory Operation

Author

U. Besserer, Stefan Welte, J. Wendel, and D. Osenberg

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Scale (chemistry), Pilot scale, Scientific experiment, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Systems engineering, General Materials Science, business, License, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

Originally licensed in 1993 the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) is a unique pilot scale isotope laboratory focused on tritium handling and processing to conduct a variety of scientific experiments and development tasks. In order to fulfil all requirements regarding the license, a framework of regulations is applied as a basis for the operation of TLK, as well as the setup of new experiments and the design of components. This paper will give an overview on the framework of operation in view of licensing issues, as well as administrative and technical regulations mandatory to legally and reliably operate an isotope laboratory of this scale.

Published
2015
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17. Reduction of stored-particle background by a magnetic pulse method at the KATRIN experiment

Author

A. Kovalík, R. G. H. Robertson, R. Grössle, K. Helbing, S. Hickford, F. Edzards, Stefan Welte, M. Steidl, Suren Chilingaryan, Alejandro Saenz, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, D. Furse, D. Vénos, D. Hilk, K. Schlösser, Benjamin Monreal, L. Kuckert, N. Titov, U. Besserer, Kathrin Valerius, O. Dragoun, M. Kleesiek, M. Suchopar, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Behrens, Ralph Engel, C. Weiss, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, K. Eitel, L. Kippenbrock, R. Gumbsheimer, B. Krasch, M. Erhard, J. Sentkerestiová, M. Klein, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, F. Roccati, Thierry Lasserre, M. Ryšavý, T. Bergmann, G. B. Franklin, A. Beglarian, Holger Neumann, Guido Drexlin, J. Letnev, Helmut H. Telle, A. I. Berlev, E. Ellinger, S. Zadoroghny, W.-J. Baek, Ernst W. Otten, W. Q. Choi, N. Buzinsky, N. Haußmann, Marcus Beck, M. A. Howe, N. Steinbrink, Ondřej Lebeda, K. Schönung, S. Niemes, A. Osipowicz, Florian Priester, F. M. Fränkle, Joachim Wolf, T. Brunst, Marc Weber, M. Slezák, W. Gil, Sanshiro Enomoto, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, M. Schrank, M. Kraus, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, J. Kellerer, L. Schimpf, S. Bauer, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Thomas Thümmler, Volker Hannen, A. Fulst, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, D. Eversheim, N. Wandkowsky, A. González Ureña, T. Bode, R. Berendes, E. L. Martin, Magnus Schlösser, Reiner Vianden, Diana Parno, J. Wendel, M. Korzeczek, Susanne Mertens, Steffen Grohmann, A. Pollithy, P. J. Doe, Lutz Bornschein, W. Herz, A. Jansen, Ferenc Glück, M. Arenz, W. Buglak, A. Off, M. Hackenjos, R. Sack, Ch. Weinheimer, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, N. Trost, Alan Poon, M. Fedkevych, N. Kernert, A. Huber, S. Dyba, L. A. Thorne, O. Rest, Alexey Lokhov, Igor Tkachev, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, C. Rodenbeck, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, KATRIN, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Buzinsky, Nicholas Gregory, Formaggio, Joseph A, Furse, Daniel Lawrence, and Sibille, Valerian

Subjects
Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Field (physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Electron, KATRIN, 01 natural sciences, radon: nuclide, Neutrino mass, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, coil, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, Sensitivity (control systems), [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, numerical calculations, Engineering (miscellaneous), background: radioactivity, background: suppression, Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Order (ring theory), Monte Carlo methods, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Radon background, Pulse (physics), 13. Climate action, Background reduction methods, Partículas, lcsh:QC770-798, spectrometer, Atomic physics, Electricidad, Electron neutrino
Abstract

Arenz, M., et al. “Reduction of Stored-Particle Background by a Magnetic Pulse Method at the KATRIN Experiment.” The European Physical Journal C, vol. 78, no. 9, Sept. 2018. © 2018 The Authors, United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41020), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-94ER40818), United States. Department of Energy (DE-SC0004036), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41033), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41041), United States. Department of Energy (DEAC02-05CH11231), United States. Department of Energy (DE-SC0011091)

Published
2018
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18. Calibration of high voltages at the ppm level by the difference of $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr conversion electron lines at the KATRIN experiment

Author

P. J. Doe, A. Jansen, Ferenc Glück, D. Hillesheimer, F. M. Fränkle, A. Pollithy, M. Kleesiek, M. Suesser, Magnus Schlösser, M. Suchopar, Matthias Arenz, L. Kuckert, N. Trost, W. Herz, Ondřej Lebeda, K. Eitel, Diana Parno, J. Wendel, Steffen Grohmann, M. Kraus, N. Buzinsky, A. I. Berlev, W.-J. Baek, Joachim Wolf, N. Titov, A. Off, M. Erhard, Christian Weinheimer, L. A. Thorne, M. Fedkevych, A. Osipowicz, D. Eversheim, V. Sibille, Andreas Kopmann, J. Kellerer, T. Bode, F. Roccati, M. Ryšavý, B. Krasch, A. Fulst, Thierry Lasserre, U. Besserer, Marcus Beck, Guido Drexlin, Benjamin Monreal, O. Dragoun, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, M. A. Howe, M. Schrank, M. Hackenjos, E. L. Martin, N. Haußmann, J. Behrens, Thomas Thümmler, L. Schimpf, Ernst W. Otten, Igor Tkachev, F. Heizmann, Sebastian Mirz, Joseph A. Formaggio, A. González Ureña, Reiner Vianden, D. Hilk, S. Hickford, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, Kathrin Valerius, M. Korzeczek, M. Steidl, J. F. Wilkerson, J. Sentkerestiová, Michael Sturm, Susanne Mertens, Marco Röllig, C. Röttele, K. Schlösser, A. W. P. Poon, C. Weiss, T. Bergmann, K. Schönung, R. Gumbsheimer, J. Letnev, G. B. Franklin, E. Ellinger, W. Gil, Alejandro Saenz, Klaus Blaum, M. Deffert, S. Zadoroghny, Lutz Bornschein, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, A. Huber, A. Beglarian, M. Klein, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, S. Dyba, R. Sack, M. Slezák, Alexey Lokhov, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, N. Kernert, Holger Neumann, D. Vénos, Sanshiro Enomoto, Volker Hannen, Helmut H. Telle, W. Q. Choi, Ralph Engel, O. Rest, A. P. Vizcaya Hernández, N. Steinbrink, S. Niemes, A. Marsteller, F. Friedel, M. Machatschek, F. Harms, L. Kippenbrock, C. Rodenbeck, A. Kovalík, T. Brunst, S. Fischer, R. G. H. Robertson, F. Edzards, R. Grössle, K. Helbing, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Buzinsky, Nicholas Gregory, Formaggio, Joseph A, and Sibille, Valerian

Subjects
Speichertechnik - Abteilung Blaum, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, ddc:530, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Physics, Teoría de los quanta, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Voltage divider, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Metrology, Neutrino, Energy (signal processing), Voltage, KATRIN
Abstract

The neutrino mass experiment KATRIN requires a stability of 3 ppm for the retarding potential at − 18.6 kV of the main spectrometer. To monitor the stability, two custom-made ultra-precise high-voltage dividers were developed and built in cooperation with the German national metrology institute Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). Until now, regular absolute calibration of the voltage dividers required bringing the equipment to the specialised metrology laboratory. Here we present a new method based on measuring the energy difference of two [superscript 83m]Kr conversion electron lines with the KATRIN setup, which was demonstrated during KATRIN’s commissioning measurements in July 2017. The measured scale factor M = 1972.449(10) of the high-voltage divider K35 is in agreement with the last PTB calibration 4 years ago. This result demonstrates the utility of the calibration method, as well as the long-term stability of the voltage divider., United States. Department of Energy (Grant DEFG02- 97ER41020), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-94ER40818), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC0004036), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DEFG02-97ER 41033), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-FG02-97ER41041), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-AC02-05CH11231), United States. Department of Energy (Grant DE-SC00 11091)

Published
2018
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19. Reachable Accuracy and Precision for Tritium Measurements by Calorimetry at TLK

Author

Beate Bornschein, U. Besserer, Z. Köllö, C.G. Alecu, B. Kloppe, and J. Wendel

Subjects
inorganic chemicals, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Accuracy and precision, Materials science, organic chemicals, Mechanical Engineering, Radiochemistry, Calorimetry, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, cardiovascular system, polycyclic compounds, General Materials Science, Tritium, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

At Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) calorimetry is used as the primary method for tritium accountability and for samples ranging from micrograms to tens of grams. An accuracy of 0.3% is achievabl...

Published
2011
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20. Improvement and Characterization of Small Cross-Piece Ionization Chambers at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Author

David Demange, K.H. Simon, K. Guenther, T. L. Le, R. Wagner, U. Besserer, and H. Dittrich

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Copper, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Gas pressure, Volume (thermodynamics), chemistry, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, Activity concentration, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Tritium, Current (fluid), Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

At the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe stainless steel cross-piece ionization chambers have been used to measure the activity concentration of tritiated gases in experiments and processes for more than 10 years. New chambers with an optimized design in terms of the effective chamber volume were produced. Furthermore, they were gold and copper plated to determine the influence of the coatings on the signal and on the memory effect. A new chamber of the old design was built for direct comparison of the signals. The chambers were characterized with different helium-tritium mixtures in 8 runs and the ionisation current as a function of the static gas pressure was measured. When comparing the three new chambers, the gold chamber always showed the highest current, followed by the copper chamber. After exposing the chambers to ~13,100 TBq/m3, the memory effect was investigated by using a similar gas mixture of the earlier runs with ~1,500 TBq/m3. The gold chamber showed the highest memory effect, the copper...

Published
2011
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21. Tritium Confinement, Retention, and Releases at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Author

Manfred Glugla, U. Besserer, and L. Dörr

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Waste management, Mechanical Engineering, Environmental science, General Materials Science, Tritium, Molecular sieve, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This paper describes the tritium confinement concept and the tritium retention systems at TLK. A description of the AMOR facility for the regeneration of the HTO loaded molecular sieve beds and the operational experience gained from the regeneration of molecular sieve beds (up to 20 times each) is also presented. Finally tritium releases over this period to the environment will also be given. (authors)

Published
2008
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22. A Decade of Tritium Technology Development and Operation at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Author

C. J. Caldwell-Nichols, I.-R. Cristescu, N. Bekris, Beate Bornschein, G. Hellriegel, David Demange, P. Schäfer, Ion Cristescu, Stefan Welte, Manfred Glugla, U. Besserer, L. Dörr, and J. Wendel

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, business.industry, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Technology development, Fusion power, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Tritium, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) has been designed to handle relevant amounts of tritium for the development of tritium technology for fusion reactors. This paper describes the tritium technology development and experience gained during the upgrade of facilities, interventions, replacement of failed components and operation of the TLK since its commissioning with tritium in 1994. (authors)

Published
2008
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23. Commissioning of the vacuum system of the KATRIN Main Spectrometer

Author

Marcus Beck, M. Suesser, D. Eversheim, E. Malcherek, A. Kosmider, D. Hilk, M. Hötzel, A. Kovalík, W. Seiler, Kathrin Valerius, S. Fischer, R. G. H. Robertson, M. Hackenjos, C. Weiss, S. Rupp, F. Heizmann, S. Rosendahl, Sebastian Mirz, M. Prall, A. W. P. Poon, Thomas Thümmler, R. Grössle, B. Krasch, A. Osipowicz, M. Fedkevych, K. Helbing, Beate Bornschein, Sascha Wüstling, Guido Drexlin, A. Off, John E. Barrett, J. Schwarz, Holger Neumann, N. Wandkowsky, A. González Ureña, A. Unru, N. Titov, T. Bergmann, J. F. Wilkerson, W. Herz, Igor Tkachev, J. Bonn, K. Wierman, M. Erhard, K. Müller, M. Ryšavý, M. Steidl, A. K. Skasyrskaya, Andreas Kopmann, Bernhard Holzapfel, N. Trost, Benjamin Monreal, L. Kippenbrock, K. Schönung, D. Winzen, A. Špalek, S. Vöcking, R. Gumbsheimer, J. Reich, S. Zadoroghny, Joseph A. Formaggio, Michael Sturm, O. Dragoun, M. Zacher, M. Schrank, J. Sentkerestiová, S. Ebenhöch, P. Plischke, Sanshiro Enomoto, M. Bahr, N. S. Oblath, L. Kuckert, Ernst W. Otten, K. Bokeloh, S. Bauer, D. Vénos, J. Behrens, Volker Hannen, Ondřej Lebeda, W. Gil, A. Huber, N. Kernert, S. Hickford, P. C.-O. Ranitzsch, K. Eitel, J. Letnev, H. Seitz-Moskaliuk, N. Steinbrink, E. Ellinger, Helmut H. Telle, S. Dyba, Lutz Bornschein, S. Büsch, S. Niemes, H. Krause, M. Neuberger, T.H. Burritt, A. Felden, H.-W. Ortjohann, Marco Röllig, F. M. Fränkle, J. Blümer, M. Kraus, K. Schlösser, D. Furse, O. Rest, L. La Cascio, Mathias Noe, M. Mark, F. Harms, B. Kuffner, V.M. Lobashev, N. Haußmann, Alexey Lokhov, E. L. Martin, Reiner Vianden, Joachim Wolf, M. Slezák, L. de Viveiros, M. Kleesiek, T.J. Corona, Magnus Schlösser, Diana Parno, J. Wendel, Marcel Krause, Laura Bodine, M. Babutzka, Steffen Grohmann, Florian Priester, Marc Weber, Susanne Mertens, S. Görhardt, B. Hillen, B. L. Wall, M. Arenz, P. J. Doe, T. Höhn, A. Jansen, Ferenc Glück, Ch. Weinheimer, M. A. Howe, M. Klein, A. Beglarian, Stefan Welte, Suren Chilingaryan, M. Zbořil, U. Besserer, S. Groh, M. Ghilea, B. Leiber, Haystack Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Barrett, John Patrick, Formaggio, Joseph A, Furse, Daniel Lawrence, and Solomon-Oblath, Noah

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Physics, Light nucleus, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Spectrometer, Spectrometers, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Vacuum-based, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Energy analysis, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, Gas systems and purification, Neutrino detectors, ddc:620, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Engineering & allied operations, KATRIN, detectors
Abstract

The KATRIN experiment will probe the neutrino mass by measuring the β-electron energy spectrum near the endpoint of tritium β-decay. An integral energy analysis will be performed by an electro-static spectrometer (``Main Spectrometer''), an ultra-high vacuum vessel with a length of 23.2 m, a volume of 1240 m[superscript 3], and a complex inner electrode system with about 120 000 individual parts. The strong magnetic field that guides the β-electrons is provided by super-conducting solenoids at both ends of the spectrometer. Its influence on turbo-molecular pumps and vacuum gauges had to be considered. A system consisting of 6 turbo-molecular pumps and 3 km of non-evaporable getter strips has been deployed and was tested during the commissioning of the spectrometer. In this paper the configuration, the commissioning with bake-out at 300 °C, and the performance of this system are presented in detail. The vacuum system has to maintain a pressure in the 10[superscript −11] mbar range. It is demonstrated that the performance of the system is already close to these stringent functional requirements for the KATRIN experiment, which will start at the end of 2016., United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41020), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-94ER40818), United States. Department of Energy (DE-SC0004036), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41041), United States. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-97ER41033)

Published
2016
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24. High Resolution Vacuum Calorimeter

Author

S. Grünhagen, L. Dörr, Manfred Glugla, M. Sirch, B. Kloppe, J. L. Hemmerich, and U. Besserer

Subjects
Detection limit, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, Resolution (electron density), 02 engineering and technology, Calorimetry, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Calorimeter, Nuclear physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Volume (thermodynamics), 0103 physical sciences, Thermoelectric effect, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Measuring instrument, High Energy Physics::Experiment, General Materials Science, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

A high resolution thermoelectric vacuum calorimeter for tritium measurements is described in detail. The results and experience gained during the measurement of different tritium samples with the vacuum calorimeter as well as comparisons with measurements from other calorimeters are presented. Special specimens have been cut to fit within the measuring volume of 0.5 litre. With the low detection limit of the vacuum calorimeter, tritium in tiles can now be measured by calorimetry for the first time.

Published
2005
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25. The Closed Tritium Cycle of the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Author

G. Hellriegel, J. Wendel, L. Dörr, Manfred Glugla, P. Schäfer, U. Besserer, and W. Hellriegel

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Light nucleus, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Nuclear engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Isotope separation, law.invention, Loop (topology), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Volume (thermodynamics), Glovebox, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental science, General Materials Science, Tritium, Closed loop, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) was commissioned with tritium in 1994 and since then has continuously improved its infrastructure and has expanded its experimental activities. With a fully closed tritium cycle and the license to handle 40 g of tritium TLK is an almost unique experimental facility. More than 10 glove box systems with a total volume of about 125 m 3 are operated to house experiments and infrastructure facilities on an area of more than 1000 m 2 . Today TLK has about 23 g of tritium on site. The paper describes the closed tritium loop of the TLK infrastructure and its links to different experiments. Some experience gained during operation of TLK is also presented.

Published
2005
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26. Stellar neutron capture rates of 14C

Author

Michael Heil, L. Dörr, Robert S. Rundberg, Ralf Plag, R. C. Haight, Michael Wiescher, Joachim Görres, N. Patronis, Saed Dababneh, Alberto Mengoni, J. B. Wilhelmy, U. Besserer, F. Käppeler, S. O'Brien, and Rene Reifarth

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutron capture, Cross section (physics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Activation technique, Neutron cross section, Neutron, Atomic physics
Abstract

We report on new measurements of the 14 C(n, γ ) 15 C cross section with averaged neutron energies of 30, 150, and 500 keV using the fast cyclic activation technique.

Published
2005
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27. The Behaviour of Zirconium-Cobalt as a Material for Tritium Storage

Author

U. Besserer, R.-D. Penzhorn, and R. Brandt

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Zirconium, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Radiochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Sorption, Uranium, Hydrogen storage, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Deuterium, Getter, Desorption, General Materials Science, Tritium, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The Tritium Storage facility of the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK), was recently upgraded by four additional uranium beds and one containing ZrCo. Now it is possible to compare under very similar conditions the sorption/desorption properties of uranium and those of ZrCo. To test the adequacy of ZrCo for routine, the getter was fully disproportionated repeatedly using either protium, deuterium or tritium. In all cases was it possible to completely restore the original sorption/desorption properties of the getter. In view of the needs of the Storage and Delivery System (SDS) of the ITER-FEAT Tritium Plant, i.e. delivery of T 2 90% - D 2 10% and pure D 2 to generate mixtures of various compositions, the isotope effects during sorption/desorption cycles of H-D and D-T mixtures in ZrCo granules have been investigated. A transportable storage vessel identical to those containing uranium presently used at TLK for the transport of tritium has been designed, build and filled with ZrCo. These beds fit into the highly sensitive calorimeters available at TLK. With these beds the tritium permanently trapped in U and ZrCo can be compared under similar operation conditions.

Published
2002
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28. On the thermal stability of the zirconium/cobalt–hydrogen system

Author

R.-D Penzhorn, U. Besserer, M. Sirch, and N. Bekris

Subjects
Zirconium, Materials science, Hydrogen, Hydride, Mechanical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Disproportionation, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Deuterium, Getter, Kinetic isotope effect, General Materials Science, Cobalt, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

From the known getter materials proposed for the storage, supply, and recovery of hydrogen isotopes the interalloy ZrCo was selected by the international thermonuclear experimental reactors (ITER) team because it has very similar properties to uranium and is more acceptable for Regulatory Agencies. The only known drawback of ZrCo is its potential of loosing the ability to reversibly absorb or desorb tritium during prolonged thermal cycling. Under these conditions, the getter hydride ZrCoHx (x≤3), tends to disproportionate yielding the more stable hydride ZrH2, which is associated with performance degradation in the gettering properties. In this paper, previous studies on the rate of hydrogen induced disproportionation/reproportionation of ZrCo were extended to a broader temperature range. In addition, comparative measurements were performed with protium and deuterium with the aim of determining possible isotope effect. On the basis of the structural modifications that samples undergo during hydrogenation a qualitative explanation is given for the disproportionation mechanism.

Published
2000
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29. Collection and analysis of data related to fusion machines (JET and TLK) operating experience on component failure

Author

Tonio Pinna, J. Orchard, S. Knipe, Sergio Ciattaglia, A. Lo Bue, U. Besserer, R. Pearce, Gilio Cambi, T. Pinna, G. Cambi, S. Ciattaglia, A. Lo Bue, S. Knipe, J. Orchard, R. Pearce, U. Besserer, and CONSORZIO RFX-EURATOM-ENEA

Subjects
Light nucleus, Jet (fluid), Data collection, FAILURE RATES, NUCLEAR FUSION, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, Joint European Torus, Reliability engineering, Nuclear physics, Reliability (semiconductor), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, VACUUM SYSTEM, JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS, Component (UML), RELIABILITY, Data analysis, General Materials Science, JOINT EUROPEAN TORUS JET, TRITIUM SYSTEM, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

This paper presents the summary of the activities related to data collection on the operating experiences gained in the Joint European Torus (JET) for the Vacuum and Active Gas Handling Systems and in the Tritium Laboratory of Karlsruhe (TLK). Failures/malfunctions, including information on failure modes and, where possible, causes and consequences of the failures, have been identified, as well as, whole sets of components, which the failures/malfunctions are related to. Reference components installed in the plant/facility have been classified and counted in order to find out their amount, related operating hours and/or related demands to operate. Main reliability parameters, (such as the failure rate and the corresponding standard errors and confidence intervals), associated to the components have been estimated.

Published
2005

30. Routine operation of the gas chromatographic isotope separation system of the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe

Author

H Brunnader, R.-D. Penzhorn, E. Hutter, U. Besserer, J. Dehne, G. Neffe, J Wendel, and H. Kissel

Subjects
Chromatography, Hydrogen, Isotope, Mechanical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Isotope separation, law.invention, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Deuterium, chemistry, law, Environmental science, General Materials Science, Tritium, Gas chromatography, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

The Gas chromatographic Isotope Separation System (ISS) of the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) is in operation with tritium since 1995. The first test runs with up to 3.7×1012 Bq of HT–DT mixtures revealed the need for modifications and improvements in the areas of process conduction and tritium detection. Upon completion and verification of the improvements by appropriate performance tests, the ISS was taken into routine operation. Until early 1997, approximately 2000 l of hydrogen isotopes with an activity of 2.2×1014 Bq tritium have been processed. The H2 and HD fractions released to the Central Tritium Retention System of the TLK contained less than 1010 Bq m−3 of tritium. Protium was isolated by several consecutive isotopic scrambling/isotopic separation steps and released to the Central Tritium Retention System of the TLK. Deuterium/tritium fractions containing less than 0.1% of protium were sent back to the infrastructure of the TLK.

Published
1998
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31. Safety Concept for the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK)

Author

T. Vollmer, H. Dilger, U. Besserer, K. Schubert, K. Borcherding, B. Reinhardt, R.-D. Penzhorn, L. Dörr, D. Röhrig, J. Dehne, R. Kraemer, E. Hutter, W. Hellriegel, and M. Glugla

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Nuclear fuel cycle, Safe operation, Nuclear engineering, Control system, Inherent safety, General Engineering, Process control, Environmental science, Tritium, Fusion power, Research center
Abstract

The Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) is a facility of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (FZK) where, under the European Fusion Technology Program, experiments are performed on tritium technology for the nuclear fuel cycle with a view to the needs of the ITER fusion reactor. The Laboratory comprises conventional infrastructure systems, tritium infrastructure systems, and experiments on a floor area of approx. 1200 m 2 . The licensed tritium quantity is at present 20 g; an application to increase this amount has been submitted to the corresponding authorities. The measures taken to safely handle such amounts of tritium are described in detail in this paper. Whereas the infrastructure is operated and controled from a central process control system (PLS), for the experiments local control systems (LLS) are used. Safety relevant signals are linked to a safety circuit. Some safety signals relevant to the operation of tritium systems are connected to the Central Emergency Control Center of the Research Center. Besides the operating, control and monitoring measures the safe operation of the Tritium Laboratory relies on highest quality standards, clear plant operation rules, a high degree of inherent safety and a number of tritium monitoring systems according to the latest state of the art.

Published
1995
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32. Commissioning of the Catalytic Plasma Exhaust Clean-Up Facility Caprice and First Experimental Results

Author

R. Kraemer, R.-D. Penzhorn, P. Schäfer, K. H. Simon, W. Hellriegel, H. Geißer, M. Glugla, T.L. Le, U. Besserer, and K. Günther

Subjects
Hydrogen, Nuclear engineering, General Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Exhaust gas, Human decontamination, Isotope separation, law.invention, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Deuterium, law, Catalytic converter, Nuclear fusion, Tritium
Abstract

A fuel clean-up process for all plasma exhaust gases from DT fusion machines, based on catalytic conversion reactions combined with permeation of hydrogen isotopes through palladium/silver, has been developed. The complete process has already been proven with relevant concentrations of tritium at laboratory scale. On the basis of the results obtained the technical facility 'CAPRICE' was designed, and is now under tritium operation at the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK). The facility is being used to demonstrate the process on a target throughput of 10 mol/h DT and 1 mol/h tritiated and non-tritiated impurities. Full scale experiments with hydrogen and deuterium have been completed to verify the design parameters of the facility and to gain detailed knowledge on the performance of the different subsystems under a variety of experimental conditions. Decontamination factors were obtained from these experiments as well as from first tritium runs employing about 350 Ci (0.5 %) tritium in deuterium.

Published
1995
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33. Tritium Inventory Evaluation Program for the Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK)

Author

K. Heiss, G. Jourdan, and U. Besserer

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Light nucleus, Nuclear engineering, General Engineering, Environmental science, Federal republic of germany, Tritium
Abstract

The aim of inventory taking in the Karlsruhe Tritium Laboratory is to know at which time and place which amount of tritium is to be found in the laboratory. This paper describes for the first tritium delivery and the corresponding transfer to the tritium storage how to mange this problem. Segregation is done between amounts of tritium which are available, bound and lost. It is shown where this fractions of tritium will be found and how to determine their quantities.

Published
1992
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34. TheC14(n,γ) cross section between 10 keV and 1 MeV

Author

L. Dörr, Aaron Couture, J. B. Wilhelmy, Joachim Görres, S. O'Brien, Christian Forssén, Alberto Mengoni, Rene Reifarth, F. Käppeler, Robert S. Rundberg, N. Patronis, Ralf Plag, Saed Dababneh, U. Besserer, R. C. Haight, Michael Wiescher, and Michael Heil

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CNO cycle, Isotope, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Nucleosynthesis, 0103 physical sciences, Coulomb, Neutron cross section, r-process, Neutron, Atomic physics, Neutrino, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The neutron capture cross section of 14C is of relevance for several nucleosynthesis scenarios such as inhomogeneous Big Bang models, neutron induced CNO cycles, and neutrino driven wind models for the r process. The 14C(n,gamma) reaction is also important for the validation of the Coulomb dissociation method, where the (n,gamma) cross section can be indirectly obtained via the time-reversed process. So far, the example of 14C is the only case with neutrons where both, direct measurement and indirect Coulomb dissociation, have been applied. Unfortunately, the interpretation is obscured by discrepancies between several experiments and theory. Therefore, we report on new direct measurements of the 14C(n,gamma) reaction with neutron energies ranging from 20 to 800 keV.

Published
2008
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37. New Constraint on the Local Relic Neutrino Background Overdensity with the First KATRIN Data Runs.

Author

Aker M, Batzler D, Beglarian A, Behrens J, Berlev A, Besserer U, Bieringer B, Block F, Bobien S, Bornschein B, Bornschein L, Böttcher M, Brunst T, Caldwell TS, Carney RMD, Chilingaryan S, Choi W, Debowski K, Descher M, Díaz Barrero D, Doe PJ, Dragoun O, Drexlin G, Edzards F, Eitel K, Ellinger E, Engel R, Enomoto S, Felden A, Formaggio JA, Fränkle FM, Franklin GB, Friedel F, Fulst A, Gauda K, Gavin AS, Gil W, Glück F, Grössle R, Gumbsheimer R, Hannen V, Haußmann N, Helbing K, Hickford S, Hiller R, Hillesheimer D, Hinz D, Höhn T, Houdy T, Huber A, Jansen A, Karl C, Kellerer F, Kellerer J, Kleifges M, Klein M, Köhler C, Köllenberger L, Kopmann A, Korzeczek M, Kovalík A, Krasch B, Krause H, La Cascio L, Lasserre T, Le TL, Lebeda O, Lehnert B, Lokhov A, Machatschek M, Malcherek E, Mark M, Marsteller A, Martin EL, Melzer C, Mertens S, Mostafa J, Müller K, Neumann H, Niemes S, Oelpmann P, Parno DS, Poon AWP, Poyato JML, Priester F, Ráliš J, Ramachandran S, Robertson RGH, Rodejohann W, Rodenbeck C, Röllig M, Röttele C, Ryšavý M, Sack R, Saenz A, Salomon R, Schäfer P, Schimpf L, Schlösser M, Schlösser K, Schlüter L, Schneidewind S, Schrank M, Schwemmer A, Šefčík M, Sibille V, Siegmann D, Slezák M, Spanier F, Steidl M, Sturm M, Telle HH, Thorne LA, Thümmler T, Titov N, Tkachev I, Urban K, Valerius K, Vénos D, Vizcaya Hernández AP, Weinheimer C, Welte S, Wendel J, Wiesinger C, Wilkerson JF, Wolf J, Wüstling S, Wydra J, Xu W, Zadoroghny S, and Zeller G

Abstract

We report on the direct search for cosmic relic neutrinos using data acquired during the first two science campaigns of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity molecular tritium gas source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter around the end point at 18.57 keV. The analysis is sensitive to a local relic neutrino overdensity ratio of η<9.7×10^{10}/α (1.1×10^{11}/α) at a 90% (95%) confidence level with α=1 (0.5) for Majorana (Dirac) neutrinos. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the end point accounting for relic neutrino captures in the tritium source reveals no significant overdensity. This work improves the results obtained by the previous neutrino mass experiments at Los Alamos and Troitsk. We furthermore update the projected final sensitivity of the KATRIN experiment to η<1×10^{10}/α at 90% confidence level, by relying on updated operational conditions.

Published
2022
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38. Bound on 3+1 Active-Sterile Neutrino Mixing from the First Four-Week Science Run of KATRIN.

Author

Aker M, Altenmüller K, Beglarian A, Behrens J, Berlev A, Besserer U, Bieringer B, Blaum K, Block F, Bornschein B, Bornschein L, Böttcher M, Brunst T, Caldwell TS, La Cascio L, Chilingaryan S, Choi W, Díaz Barrero D, Debowski K, Deffert M, Descher M, Doe PJ, Dragoun O, Drexlin G, Dyba S, Edzards F, Eitel K, Ellinger E, Engel R, Enomoto S, Fedkevych M, Felden A, Formaggio JA, Fränkle FM, Franklin GB, Friedel F, Fulst A, Gauda K, Gil W, Glück F, Grössle R, Gumbsheimer R, Höhn T, Hannen V, Haußmann N, Helbing K, Hickford S, Hiller R, Hillesheimer D, Hinz D, Houdy T, Huber A, Jansen A, Köllenberger L, Karl C, Kellerer J, Kippenbrock L, Klein M, Kopmann A, Korzeczek M, Kovalík A, Krasch B, Krause H, Lasserre T, Le TL, Lebeda O, Le Guennic N, Lehnert B, Lokhov A, Lopez Poyato JM, Müller K, Machatschek M, Malcherek E, Mark M, Marsteller A, Martin EL, Melzer C, Mertens S, Niemes S, Oelpmann P, Osipowicz A, Parno DS, Poon AWP, Priester F, Röllig M, Röttele C, Rest O, Robertson RGH, Rodenbeck C, Ryšavý M, Sack R, Saenz A, Schaller A, Schäfer P, Schimpf L, Schlösser M, Schlösser K, Schlüter L, Schrank M, Schulz B, Šefčík M, Seitz-Moskaliuk H, Sibille V, Siegmann D, Slezák M, Spanier F, Steidl M, Sturm M, Sun M, Telle HH, Thümmler T, Thorne LA, Titov N, Tkachev I, Trost N, Vénos D, Valerius K, Vizcaya Hernández AP, Wüstling S, Weber M, Weinheimer C, Weiss C, Welte S, Wendel J, Wilkerson JF, Wolf J, Xu W, Yen YR, Zadoroghny S, and Zeller G

Abstract

We report on the light sterile neutrino search from the first four-week science run of the KATRIN experiment in 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter down to 40 eV below the endpoint at 18.57 keV. We consider the framework with three active neutrinos and one sterile neutrino. The analysis is sensitive to the mass, m&#95;{4}, of the fourth mass state for m&#95;{4}^{2}≲1000  eV^{2} and to active-to-sterile neutrino mixing down to |U&#95;{e4}|^{2}≳2×10^{-2}. No significant spectral distortion is observed and exclusion bounds on the sterile mass and mixing are reported. These new limits supersede the Mainz results for m&#95;{4}^{2}≲1000  eV^{2} and improve the Troitsk bound for m&#95;{4}^{2}<30  eV^{2}. The reactor and gallium anomalies are constrained for 100<Δm&#95;{41}^{2}<1000  eV^{2}.

Published
2021
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39. Quantitative Long-Term Monitoring of the Circulating Gases in the KATRIN Experiment Using Raman Spectroscopy.

Author

Aker M, Altenmüller K, Beglarian A, Behrens J, Berlev A, Besserer U, Bieringer B, Blaum K, Block F, Bornschein B, Bornschein L, Böttcher M, Brunst T, Caldwell TC, Chilingaryan S, Choi W, Díaz Barrero DD, Debowski K, Deffert M, Descher M, Doe PJ, Dragoun O, Drexlin G, Dyba S, Edzards F, Eitel K, Ellinger E, Engel R, Enomoto S, Fedkevych M, Felden A, Formaggio JF, Fränkle F, Franklin GB, Friedel F, Fulst A, Gauda K, Gil W, Glück F, Größle R, Gumbsheimer R, Hannen V, Haußmann N, Helbing K, Hickford S, Hiller R, Hillesheimer D, Hinz D, Höhn T, Houdy T, Huber A, Jansen A, Karl C, Kellerer J, Kippenbrock L, Klein M, Köhler C, Köllenberger L, Kopmann A, Korzeczek M, Kovalík A, Krasch B, Krause H, La Cascio L, Lasserre T, Le TL, Lebeda O, Lehnert B, Lokhov A, Machatschek M, Malcherek E, Marsteller A, Martin EL, Meier M, Melzer C, Mertens S, Müller K, Niemes S, Oelpmann P, Osipowicz A, Parno DS, Poon AWP, Lopez Poyato JM, Priester F, Rest O, Röllig M, Röttele C, Robertson RGH, Rodenbeck C, Ryšavỳ M, Sack R, Saenz A, Schäfer P, Schaller Née Pollithy A, Schimpf L, Schlösser K, Schlösser M, Schlüter L, Schrank M, Schulz B, Sefčík M, Seitz-Moskaliuk H, Sibille V, Siegmann D, Slezák M, Spanier F, Steidl M, Sturm M, Sun M, Telle HH, Thorne LA, Thümmler T, Titov N, Tkachev I, Vénos D, Valerius K, Vizcaya Hernández AP, Weber M, Weinheimer C, Weiss C, Welte S, Wendel J, Wilkerson JF, Wolf J, Wüstling S, Xu W, Yen YR, Zadoroghny S, and Zeller G

Abstract

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment aims at measuring the effective electron neutrino mass with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV/c 2 , i.e., improving on previous measurements by an order of magnitude. Neutrino mass data taking with KATRIN commenced in early 2019, and after only a few weeks of data recording, analysis of these data showed the success of KATRIN, improving on the known neutrino mass limit by a factor of about two. This success very much could be ascribed to the fact that most of the system components met, or even surpassed, the required specifications during long-term operation. Here, we report on the performance of the laser Raman (LARA) monitoring system which provides continuous high-precision information on the gas composition injected into the experiment's windowless gaseous tritium source (WGTS), specifically on its isotopic purity of tritium-one of the key parameters required in the derivation of the electron neutrino mass. The concentrations c x for all six hydrogen isotopologues were monitored simultaneously, with a measurement precision for individual components of the order 10 -3 or better throughout the complete KATRIN data taking campaigns to date. From these, the tritium purity, ε T , is derived with precision of <10 - 3 and trueness of <3 × 10 -3 , being within and surpassing the actual requirements for KATRIN, respectively., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2020
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40. Improved Upper Limit on the Neutrino Mass from a Direct Kinematic Method by KATRIN.

Author

Aker M, Altenmüller K, Arenz M, Babutzka M, Barrett J, Bauer S, Beck M, Beglarian A, Behrens J, Bergmann T, Besserer U, Blaum K, Block F, Bobien S, Bokeloh K, Bonn J, Bornschein B, Bornschein L, Bouquet H, Brunst T, Caldwell TS, La Cascio L, Chilingaryan S, Choi W, Corona TJ, Debowski K, Deffert M, Descher M, Doe PJ, Dragoun O, Drexlin G, Dunmore JA, Dyba S, Edzards F, Eisenblätter L, Eitel K, Ellinger E, Engel R, Enomoto S, Erhard M, Eversheim D, Fedkevych M, Felden A, Fischer S, Flatt B, Formaggio JA, Fränkle FM, Franklin GB, Frankrone H, Friedel F, Fuchs D, Fulst A, Furse D, Gauda K, Gemmeke H, Gil W, Glück F, Görhardt S, Groh S, Grohmann S, Grössle R, Gumbsheimer R, Ha Minh M, Hackenjos M, Hannen V, Harms F, Hartmann J, Haußmann N, Heizmann F, Helbing K, Hickford S, Hilk D, Hillen B, Hillesheimer D, Hinz D, Höhn T, Holzapfel B, Holzmann S, Houdy T, Howe MA, Huber A, James TM, Jansen A, Kaboth A, Karl C, Kazachenko O, Kellerer J, Kernert N, Kippenbrock L, Kleesiek M, Klein M, Köhler C, Köllenberger L, Kopmann A, Korzeczek M, Kosmider A, Kovalík A, Krasch B, Kraus M, Krause H, Kuckert L, Kuffner B, Kunka N, Lasserre T, Le TL, Lebeda O, Leber M, Lehnert B, Letnev J, Leven F, Lichter S, Lobashev VM, Lokhov A, Machatschek M, Malcherek E, Müller K, Mark M, Marsteller A, Martin EL, Melzer C, Menshikov A, Mertens S, Minter LI, Mirz S, Monreal B, Morales Guzmán PI, Müller K, Naumann U, Ndeke W, Neumann H, Niemes S, Noe M, Oblath NS, Ortjohann HW, Osipowicz A, Ostrick B, Otten E, Parno DS, Phillips DG, Plischke P, Pollithy A, Poon AWP, Pouryamout J, Prall M, Priester F, Röllig M, Röttele C, Ranitzsch PC, Rest O, Rinderspacher R, Robertson RGH, Rodenbeck C, Rohr P, Roll C, Rupp S, Ryšavý M, Sack R, Saenz A, Schäfer P, Schimpf L, Schlösser K, Schlösser M, Schlüter L, Schön H, Schönung K, Schrank M, Schulz B, Schwarz J, Seitz-Moskaliuk H, Seller W, Sibille V, Siegmann D, Skasyrskaya A, Slezák M, Špalek A, Spanier F, Steidl M, Steinbrink N, Sturm M, Suesser M, Sun M, Tcherniakhovski D, Telle HH, Thümmler T, Thorne LA, Titov N, Tkachev I, Trost N, Urban K, Vénos D, Valerius K, VanDevender BA, Vianden R, Vizcaya Hernández AP, Wall BL, Wüstling S, Weber M, Weinheimer C, Weiss C, Welte S, Wendel J, Wierman KJ, Wilkerson JF, Wolf J, Xu W, Yen YR, Zacher M, Zadorozhny S, Zbořil M, and Zeller G

Abstract

We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic end point at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of (-1.0&#95;{-1.1}^{+0.9})  eV^{2}. From this, we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90% confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of 2 and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation.

Published
2019
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