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Appearance-related constructs underlying social media are negatively associated with mental health. However, their impact on the Spanish population is still unexplored. The present study aimed to validate the Spanish versions of two appearance-related scales: (1) the appearance-related social media consciousness (ASMC) scale; and (2) the critical thinking about media messages (CTMM) scale. Translation and cultural adaptation of the scales were carried out. The scales’ psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance across gender (boys vs. girls) and age groups (early adolescents vs. middle adolescents), internal consistency, and convergent validity. The sample included 803 Spanish secondary school adolescents aged between 12 and 18 (Mage = 15.1, 47.9% girls, 47.2% boys, 4.9% non-binary gender/others). The exploratory factor analyses replicated original one-factor structures of both scales, which was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. Regarding the ASMC Scale, a re-specified model (allowing for error correlations between Items 1–2) presented an adequate fit. Both models were invariant across gender and age groups. Excellent internal consistency was found. Bivariate correlations between the ASMC and eating disorders related variables (body esteem, disordered eating, self-esteem, sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, and general mental health) supported its convergent validity and proved ASMC to be a potential target for future preventive eating disorder interventions. However, the CTMM scale correlated only with sociocultural pressures, thus, further research is needed to assess the validity of the CTMM in Spanish samples

Childhood obesity and mental disorders often co-exist. To date, most of the studies are cross-sectional, involve the assessment of a specific disorder, and rely on self-report questionnaires. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive psychological assessment to examine the concurrent and prospective association between childhood obesity and mental health problems. We compared 34 children with obesity with 37 children with normal weight at baseline, and at a five-year follow-up, to examine the development of mental health disorders from childhood (8–12 years) to adolescence (13–18 years). Both assessments included a clinical interview and self-reported measures of psychosocial and family markers. Findings showed that the obesity group had a higher prevalence of mental disorders, and psychological comorbidity increased in five years. Prospectively, childhood obesity was associated with a psychological diagnosis in adolescence. Moreover, the obesity group displayed higher severity of symptoms at both times. Finally, body esteem contributed to predicting mental health disorders in adolescence regardless of weight status, while eating symptomatology was a specific marker for the obesity group. Therefore, in the management of childhood obesity is suggested to address also psychosocial variables such as weight-related teasing and body esteem, to prevent the onset or development of mental health problems

Music performance anxiety (MPA) is a common damaging phenomenon in musicians' careers. Mindfulness stands as a promising construct to prevent MPA. However, the relationships between mindfulness and MPA are scarcely explored, alongside other relevant attention-based (e.g., self-consciousness) or emotion-based constructs (e.g., negative affect). This study explores the relationships between these constructs. A sample of 151 musicians was assessed to explore the relationships between these constructs. Self-reports of mindfulness, MPA, negative affect, and self-consciousness were applied. We implemented network analysis following a general (second-order) and specific (first-order) framework. Networks showed dispositional mindfulness as negatively associated with negative affect and MPA in both general and facet levels, while mindfulness in past performances was only negatively associated with negative affect. MPA was positively associated with negative affect and self-consciousness. Mindfulness displayed light or no associations with self-consciousness. Therefore, mindfulness seems to be a relevant construct toward MPA. We propose a preliminary model to improve mindfulness research and interventions applied to music performers. We also outline limitations and future directions

Goal orientation theory identifies mastery-oriented people as adaptive and highly persistent when pursuing a goal. Performance-oriented people are described as being less persistent, and tend to show more maladaptive responses. However, previous works that have studied persistence have not always found that performance-oriented participants show the least persistence. In addition, it is not easy to conclude if the persistence measured in the studies implies a stubborn response and therefore if it is a maladaptive response. In this work, we classify participants as mastery- or performance-oriented using an objective test and we employ a behavioral task to study persistence defined as stubbornness. When studying response patterns, we found that performance-oriented students were more stubborn. The behavioral analysis performed in this work offers complement and rich information and provides empirical support for the goal orientation theory.

The beginning of the university brings together maturational, psychosocial and academic changes that make university students more prone to suffer from insufficient or poor quality sleep, which can negatively influence their academic performance. The period of taking exams is a key part of the academic year. However, there are few studies that analyze sleep during this period of time. Our aim is to study the association of sleep quality and sleep deprivation with academic performance during the examination period. A descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study was carried out with the participation of 640 subjects in the first three years of five faculties belonging to the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. The instrument used consisted of a questionnaire that included sociodemographic and academic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and information about the academic performance. During the examination period, a positive association was found between sleep quality and academic performance. University students slept less than desired, both on weekdays and weekends, and the sleep debt during the week was associated with a worse students’ perception of their academic performance. In total, 61.3% of the students believed that their performance would improve by getting more sleep. In addition, low drowsiness and napping were also found. In conclusion, during periods of greater academic demand, an insufficient sleep and poor quality is commonly observed, affecting negatively to their academic performance. Actually, about 2/3 of our subjects believed that their performance would improve by getting more sleep.

The study explores in depth the relationship between missing persons’ psychosocial and criminological characteristics/circumstances and violent-fatal outcomes (suicide and homicide). A relational analytical explicative study of 929 cases and controls was designed using a retrospective and stratified design. Data gathering was conducted through the content analysis of judicial and police information, as well as the development of psychological autopsy techniques and semi-structured interviews with the persons involved in the missing person cases including offenders in prison. Bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques were utilised for analyses. The findings showed that there are different risk and protective factors which can distinguish between good state of health, suicide, and homicide outcomes. This research entails implications for prevention and police risk assessment system, Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was partially supported by a grant provided by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) of the Spanish Government, RTI2018-101167-B- I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE): “Risk factors and psychosocial adjustment in online child grooming: A longitudinal study”

Psychopathy has been widely studied among criminal populations. Most analyses address it in institutionalized populations, however, the present study examines the psychometric properties of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) in 642 court-referred partner-violent men serving suspended prison sentences. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the two-factor structure (primary and secondary psychopathy) of the original scale. The resulting scale was a brief-form version of the LSRP that presents satisfactory data in terms of internal consistency and criterion validity, and significant positive correlations with measures of intimate partner violence (IPV), antisocial personality traits and impulsivity. In terms of known-groups validity, meanwhile, psychopathy was found to decrease with the age of the participants. In this light, the LSRP brief-form offers adequate psychometric reliability as an instrument to measure primary and secondary psychopathy in partner-violent men serving suspended sentences, This research was supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (National Plan I+D+I; Reference number: PSI2008-02215)

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 13-12-2022

Tesis Doctoral inédita cotutelada por la Universidad de Guadalajara (México) y por la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 02-12-2022, La correspondencia entre conducta verbal y no verbal o, mejor dicho, la relación Decir-Hacer como se acostumbra a denominar en el área, ha sido estudiada durante décadas. Diferentes autores/as han tratado de entender el fenómeno de la correspondencia haciendo uso de diferentes taxonomias para entender mejor el fenómeno y las diferentes teorías que lo subyacen. El area de correspondencia nace en 1968 tras los estudios de Risley y Hart, autores que se centraron en la relación entre el comportamiento verbal y no verbal así como los estudios de Israel y colaboradores (1973,1978). Desde entonces los experimentos se centraban en el control no verbal a través del cambio de la conducta verbal. A lo largo de los años, el número de estudios de correspondencia ha ido creciendo e incrementando asimismo las diferentes nociones conceptuales de este. La presente tesis tiene como objetivo evaluar y analizar las variables que afectan a que se establezca la correspondencia y sus posibles relaciones (D-H, H- D, D-R), entre las que se encuentran: la relación entre dos conductas verbales, el contenido de las respuestas Decir y Reportar, la demora entre respuestas y el cambio de contexto. La correspondencia verbal ha sido estudiada como una relación Decir-Hacer, Hacer-Reportar considerando como imprescindible que uno de los factores siempre era verbal. Sin embargo, se encuentra una relación de correspondencia posible entre dos conductas no verbales, la relación Decir-Reportar, relación que se ha reportado en menor ocasiones en la literatura. En el presente experimento participaron 27 adultos. En cada sesión todos los participantes pasaron por una fase Decir-Hacer-Reportar con los mismos valores. Posteriormente, para cada uno de los grupos experimentales (relación verbal-verbal, cambio de contexto, demora y demora) fue manipulado. Los resultados muestran cómo el cambio de contexto puede ser una variable que aunada a la demora produce efecto en el establecimiento de correspondencia. La discusión de los resultados sugiere que a pesar de que los valores utilizados para el presente experimento permiten acercarse al fenómeno en el ámbito clínico hay que buscar el valor de dichas variables que permita conocer mejor el fenómeno

Background: Limitations in performing physical activities have been associated with greater loneliness in older adults. This association could be moderated by maladaptive social cognition or feelings, such as guilt related to perceiving oneself as a burden. This study analyzes the effect of guilt related to self-perception as a burden on the relationship between physical limitations and loneliness in older adults. Methods: Participants were 190 community-dwelling people aged over 60 years who did not show cognitive or functional limitations in daily life activities. We used linear regression to test the influence of guilt related to self-perception as a burden on the association between physical limitations and loneliness. Results: The interaction between physical limitations and guilt related to selfperception as a burden was found to be significant in the explanation of loneliness, explaining 18.10% of the variance. Specifically, the relationship between physical limitations and loneliness was stronger when levels of guilt related to selfperception as a burden were high or medium than when these levels were low. Conclusions: The findings suggest that feelings of loneliness are more frequent in people who report more physical limitations and, at the same time, report guilt for perceiving themselves as a burden. Guilt related to perceiving oneself as a burden seems to be a relevant modulator variable for understanding the effects of physical limitations on loneliness, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 25-11-2022, Esta Tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 25-05-2024

Introduction: Intimate partner violence research and intervention strategies have grown substantially over the last two decades. However, little research has examined whether the intimate partner prevalence has changed or remained stable over time in Spain. Moreover, few studies have analyzed whether intimate partner violence prevalence rates among genders and age groups have fluctuated similarly or not. Method: The aim of this study was to analyze the trends observed in intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization rates among adolescents in three sample cohorts from Spain interviewed in 2006, 2010, and 2016 (4591 Spanish adolescents; 53.6% girls and 46.2% boys). ANCOVA was used to compare the population means between the cohorts: sex, age, and the type of intimate partner violence, for example, verbal, physical, and sexual. Results: The results showed a significant decrease in intimate partner violence rates from 2006 to 2016, which was more noticeable within the first half of this decade. Throughout the decade, the girls perpetrated more verbal and mild physical assaults, while the boys perpetrated more sexual assaults. However, these results suggest a clear bidirectional intimate partner violence dynamic between the genders. Additionally, late adolescence reported a higher prevalence of aggressions. Conclusions: The results highlight the need to adapt current prevention strategies considering the differences in the intimate partner violence trajectories based on sex and age, with the aim of regaining the marked rate of decline in aggression observed up to 2010

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 16-09-2022

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 16-09-2022

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología. Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 09-09-2022

Previous research shows that dynamic stimuli, on the one hand, and emotional stimuli, on the other, capture exogenous attention due to their biological relevance. Through neural (ERPs) and behavioral measures (reaction times and errors), the present study explored the combined effect of looming motion and emotional content on attentional capture. To this end, 3D-recreated static and dynamic animals assessed as emotional (positive or negative) or neutral were presented as distractors while 71 volunteers performed a line orientation task. We observed a two-phase effect: firstly (before 300 ms), early components of ERPs (P1p and N2po) showed enhanced exogenous attentional capture by looming positive distractors and static threatening animals. Thereafter, dynamic and static threatening distractors received enhanced endogenous attention as revealed by both late ERP activity (LPC) and behavioral (errors) responses. These effects are likely explained by both the emotional valence and the distance of the stimulus at each moment, Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (MICINN) [Grant Number PGC2018-093570-B-I00], and from the Comunidad de Madrid [Grant Number HUM19-HUM5705]

Background: Pediatric obesity is a primary public health concern, and designing effective programs for managing it is of the utmost importance. The objective of this study was to describe the protocol study of a three-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial aimed at assessing the efficacy of a family-system-based intervention (“ENTREN-F” program) for managing childhood obesity, compared to the “ENTREN” program (no “F” - without specific family-system-based workshop) and a control group (behavioral monitoring). Methods/design: The ENTREN-F program was a multicomponent family-system-based intervention carried out by a multidisciplinary team in the primary health care setting. The program targeted children between 8 and 12 years with overweight and obesity (P ≥ 85th). Parents were actively involved in the process. The contents were designed using the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) principles. The program comprised individual behavioral monitoring, a healthy habits workshop for children and their parents, a CBT workshop for children, and a family-system-based workshop for parents, enhancing parental management skills plus family functioning. The trial's primary outcomes included changes in child body mass index (BMI) z-scores, child's psychological well-being, and family functioning over six months. Secondary outcomes included changes in eating behavior, physical activity, self-esteem, parental distress, parental feeding practices, and parental modeling. Discussion: To our knowledge, this is one of the few randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy of a multicomponent program that considers health from a comprehensive perspective, trying to improve children's psychological well-being and family functioning besides weight loss. This study, therefore, addresses a gap in the literature. If found to be efficacious, it suggests a new potential health service for translation into National Primary Health Care services in Spain, one of the ten countries with the highest prevalence of obesity in Europe, This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RETOS PSI2016-79471-R). Partial financial support was received from the “Auchan Foundation for Youth” and the “Promotion of Knowledge Transfer” of the UAM-Foundation (2019-ES-00067). Ms. Rojo was awarded a Research Fellowship (FPU) for students of Ph.D. Programs from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FPU2017/02840

Trabajo Fin de Máster en Psicología General Sanitaria, Modalidad: estudio de caso clínico, En este trabajo se describe un estudio de caso único con diseño A-B desde la terapia cognitivoconductual de una mujer de 25 años que presentaba ideación suicida, autolesiones, desesperanza y rigidez cognitiva entre otras dificultades. Se recogen 15 sesiones de terapia. Para la evaluación se emplearon la historia biográfica, autorregistros, entrevista clínica, además de una serie de pruebas psicométricas para medir estas y otras variables relevantes. Mediante la realización de un análisis funcional se plantearon los objetivos, que consistieron en reducir la sintomatología mencionada, y se guió la intervención que incluyó psicoeducación junto con técnicas tales como la respiración diafragmática, debate socrático, reestructuración cognitiva o activación conductual. Los cambios fueron valorados a través de mediciones pre-post así como comparando las propias verbalizaciones de la usuaria. Se concluye que, aunque la intervención no había terminado, hubo una disminución de sintomatología en algunas de las variables planteadas como objetivo de tratamiento. Para finalizar se discuten los resultados obtenidos y se mencionan limitaciones del presente trabajo, This paper describes 15 therapy sessions of a single case study with an A-B design from the cognitive-behavioral therapy. It is about a 25-year-old woman who presented suicidal ideation, self-harm, hopelessness and cognitive rigidity among other difficulties. In order to evaluate these and other relevant variables, the biographical history, self-records, clinical interview, in addition to a series of psychometric tests were used. Using a functional analysis to guide the intervention, the objectives, which consisted of reducing the aforementioned symptoms, were also set. The therapy included psychoeducation together with techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing, socratic debate, cognitive restructuring or behavioral activation. The changes were assessed through pre-post measurements as well as by comparing the user's own verbalizations. It is concluded that, although the intervention had not ended, there was a decrease in symptoms in some of the variables proposed as the treatment objectives. Finally, the results are discussed and some limitations are mentioned

Trabajo Fin de Grado en Psicología. Curso académico 2021-2022, La base del funcionamiento cerebral radica en la comunicación entre diferentes regiones a través de su actividad oscilatoria. Recientemente se ha descrito la distribución de las frecuencias típicas del cerebro en estado de reposo. En este estudio buscamos describir cómo varían estas oscilaciones al pasar a un estado de actividad cerebral, en concreto, al realizar un movimiento. Para ello, empleamos datos de magnetoencefalografía de 61 participantes sanos obtenidos del Human Connectome Project. Comparamos las oscilaciones neuronales del cerebro en estado de reposo y tras realizar una actividad motora, específicamente, mover manos y pies ante una señal lumínica. Tras obtener los resultados observamos diferencias significativas entre las frecuencias típicas del estado de reposo y la actividad cerebral asociada al movimiento, The basis of brain function resides in the communication between different regions through their oscillatory activity. The typical frequency distribution of the brain in the resting state has recently been described. In this study, we aimed to describe how these oscillations vary when moving to a state of brain activity, specifically, when executing a movement. To do this, we used magnetoencephalography data from 61 healthy participants taken from the Human Connectome Project. We compared the neural oscillations of the brain at rest and after executing a motor activity, specifically, moving hands and feet in response to a light signal. After obtaining the results, we noticed significant differences between the typical frequencies of the resting state and the brain activity associated with movement

The objective of this study is twofold: first, to analyze whether the daily level of energy in terms of vigor at work could explain the way in which workers psychologically detach from their work, relax, practice challenging activities, and have the feeling of having control over their leisure time when arriving home. Second, to check if the daily emotional job demands could hinder that relationship, reversing the positive effect of vigor in recovery. For this purpose, a multilevel study with a diary methodology was designed. In total, 94 nurses from various hospital and primary care centers in Madrid and Basque Country (Spain) participated in this study. They completed daily questionnaires twice a day (in the afternoon after work and at night before going to bed) for five consecutive workdays from Monday to Friday (N = 94*5 = 470). The results revealed that on days that vigor at work was high, nurses experienced more psychological detachment, relaxation, feelings of mastery, and time control at home. Moreover, on days that emotional job demands were high, vigor was more negatively related to psychological detachment and time control at home. Additionally, vigor was more positively related to all recovery experiences at home in days that emotional demands were low. Therefore, daily vigor can act as an energy resource that helps the worker to recover. However, this effect can occur in situations in which stressors are not present in high intensity. These results have clear practical implications for both health organizations and workers., This work was supported by I+D+I National Project of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-106368GB-I00) AEI/10.13039/501100011033

This study has a two-fold objective: First, to adapt and validate the Emotions and Motivation Self-Regulation Questionnaire (EMSR-Q) with university students in Colombia, and secondly, to verify whether the relationship model between emotional and motivational self-regulation and academic performance coincides with what was initially proposed by the questionnaire’s authors. A total of 644 higher education students participated in the study. To test the questionnaire’s structural validity and generalizability across cultures and educational levels, confirmatory factor and cross validation analyses were carried out. Besides, to test its predictive validity, a multiple linear regression analysis was carried out. Results showed that the data fit the model well, that the scales of the questionnaire have adequate reliability, and that negative self- regulation of stress and avoidance-oriented self-regulation related negatively and significantly to academic performance. The results support the emotion and motivation self-regulation model proposed by the authors., peer-reviewed

High scores in psychopathy were associated with acts of violence, and the prevalence of this condition is greater among the prison population than among the general population. In terms of its relation to femicide, two studies, one carried out in Sweden and another in Spain with a prison population, found that psychopathy is an uncommon condition among perpetrators of femicide. This study analyzes 97 cases of femicide in the whole of Spain, in which it was possible to evaluate the degree of psychopathy of the perpetrators using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). The scores are analyzed not only directly, but also in terms of Factors and Facets. The results show an average in the total score of the PCL-R of 14.4, with only 13 subjects (13.4%) presenting scores of 25 or more, and just 3 (3.1%) of these presenting scores of 30 or higher. It was found that, in general, high scores in psychopathy are associated with shorter relationships and less time between the first complaint, the breakup, and the femicide. What is more, characteristics of the victims, such as addiction to toxic substances or economic dependency, also demonstrated a re-lationship to the scores of the perpetrators of femicide in the PCL-R. Lastly, it was found that the scores in the different dimensions of psychopathy are associated with different types of violence, whereby there was a noteworthy difference between the most explicit violence and control exercised over the partner. 2021-22

Trabajo Fin de Grado en Psicología. Curso académico 2021-2022, El trastorno de identidad disociativo (TID) es uno de los diagnósticos más controvertidos en psicopatología, frente al cual muchos profesionales se muestran escépticos. Esta revisión analiza 20 artículos en los que se informa de uno o varios casos únicos de TID. Se examina la capacidad de la terapia psicológica para producir mejoras en esta población, a través de qué técnicas de tratamiento y en qué medida estas personas son capaces de alcanzar un sentido de la identidad completamente integrado. Los casos revisados subrayan la frecuencia de conductas de riesgo que pueden requerir un trabajo en la estabilización. Asimismo, señalan el beneficio terapéutico del entrenamiento en habilidades de coping y de los procedimientos basados en la exposición a material traumático. Destacan también la pertinencia de diversas técnicas ajustadas a las respuestas problema concretas y otros problemas comórbidos. Finalmente, se recogen evidencias sobre la capacidad de algunos pacientes para alcanzar una integración completa y una remisión prácticamente total de los episodios disociativos. Futuros estudios controlados con suficiente tamaño muestral y validez interna podrían aportar evidencia más sólida de los protocolos de tratamiento psicológico a la hora de producir mejoras en la disociación e incluso una integración de la identidad completa en individuos con TID, Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is one of the most controversial diagnoses in psychopathology, to which many professionals remain skeptical. This review analyses 20 articles reporting one or few cases of patients with DID. The main goal is to determine the capacity of psychotherapy to produce improvements in this population, by which techniques and to what extent these people can achieve a completely integrated sense of identity. The cases reviewed highlight the frequency of risk behaviours that may require working on stabilization. In addition, they point to the therapeutic benefit of training coping skills and trauma related material exposure-based procedures. They also consider the adequacy of other techniques aimed at specific problem behaviours and other comorbid conditions. Evidence towards the capability of some patients to achieve full integration and almost total dissociative episodes remission is also gathered. Future controlled studies with larger sample sizes and internal validity could shed more solid light for the improvements in dissociation and even complete integration of identity through psychotherapy in DID patients

Although research on missing persons has globally increased during the past few years, most of the studies conducted have focused on the description of socio-demographic and situational factors associated with this phenomenon. The aim of this study is to explore in-depth the relation between missing person’s socio-demographic factors and missing person’s typology and outcomes. A full 1-year sample of police recorded missing persons (n = 24,284) was extracted from the Spanish ‘Missing Persons and Unidentified Human Remains (PDyRH)’ system and a multivariate statistical approach was used. The findings of this research show that, although nationality and gender are mainly important from a descriptive level, age is the socio-demographic variable that better classifies the typology and outcome of missing person cases. These findings suggest that age is a modulating variable of this phenomenon. Thus, there is a need for the conduction of research for each specific age group focused on identifying psychosocial, criminological and geographical risk factors which could explain missing person case outcomes from a multifaceted approach. Considering previous research in the field, the findings of this research are mostly consistent with these previous studies and entail different implications, both at prevention level and in the scope of police investigations., Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study was partially supported by a grant provided by Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU) of the Spanish Government, RTI2018-101167-B-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE): ‘Risk factors and psychosocial adjustment in online child grooming: A longitudinal study’

The aim of this study is to develop a new measure of victimization and perpetration of two frequent forms of image-based sexual abuse, namely sextortion (i.e., the threat of distributing sexual images to pressure the victim into doing something) and nonconsensual sexting (i.e., distributing sexual images of someone without the consent of the victim). Additional aims were to analyze the prevalence of these forms of victimization and perpetration and to examine their temporal stability over a 1-year period. Methods: The sample was made up of 1820 Spanish adolescents (mean age = 13.38, SD = 1.42; 929 girls, 878 boys, 3 nonbinary, and 10 did not indicate gender) who completed self-report instruments on image-based sexual abuse and related variables (e.g., cyberbullying victimization). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported a structure composed of the four hypothesized factors: sextortion victimization and perpetration, and nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration. Higher sexting, cyberbullying victimization, and symptoms of depression and anxiety had stronger associations with image-based sexual victimization than with perpetration, which showed evidence of concurrent validity. Prevalence was 2.6% and 0.7% for sextortion victimization and perpetration, respectively, and 3.4% and 4.9% for nonconsensual sexting victimization and perpetration, respectively. Temporal stability over 1 year was.26 for sextortion victimization,.19 for nonconsensual sexting victimization,.33 for nonconsensual sexting perpetration (all ps, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spanish Government), Grant/Award Number: RTI2018‐ 101167‐B‐I00

The aim of the study is to determine the association between Behavioral Lifestyles (regular physical activity, healthy diet, sleeping, and weight control) and longevity in the elderly. A search strategy was conducted in the PsycInfo, Medline, PubMed, Web of Science (WoS), and Scopus databases. The primary outcome was mortality/survival. Four variables (mean of participant's age at the baseline of the study, follow-up years of the study, gender, and year of publication) were analyzed to evaluate the role of potential moderators. Ninety-three articles, totaling more than 2,800,000 people, were included in the meta-analysis. We found that the lifestyles analyzed predict greater survival. Specifically, doing regular physical activity, engaging in leisure activities, sleeping 7–8 h a day, and staying outside the BMI ranges considered as underweight or obesity are habits that each separately has a greater probability associated with survival after a period of several years, This study is one of the objectives of the Research Project granted by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation: Project: PID2019-109761RB-I00

Alpha-band oscillations (8–14 Hz) are essential for attention and perception processes by facilitating the selection of relevant information. Directing visuospatial endogenous (voluntary) attention to a given location consistently results in a power suppression of alpha activity over occipito-parietal areas contralateral to the attended visual field. In contrast, the neural oscillatory dynamics underlying the involuntary capture of attention, or exogenous attention, are currently under debate. By exploiting the inherent capacity of emotionally salient visual stimuli to capture attention, we aimed to investigate whether exogenous attention is characterized by either a reduction or an increase in alpha-band activity. Electroencephalographic activity was recorded while participants completed a Posner visuospatial cueing task, in which a lateralized image with either positive, negative, or neutral emotional content competed with a target stimulus presented in the opposite hemifield. Compared with trials with no distractors, alpha power was reduced over occipital regions contralateral to distracting images. This reduction of alpha activity turned out to be functionally relevant, as it correlated with impaired behavioral performance on the ongoing task and was enhanced for distractors with negative valence. Taken together, our results demonstrate that visuospatial exogenous attention is characterized by a suppression of alpha-band activity contralateral to distractor location, similar to the oscillatory underpinnings of endogenous attention. Further, these results highlight the key role of exogenous attention as an adaptive mechanism for the efficient detection of biologically salient stimuli, Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: 2017-T2 /SOC5569/ SI1-PJI-2019-00011; Comunidad de Madrid, Grant/Award Number: SAPIENTIA-CM H2019/HUM-570; Ministerio de Ciencia Innovación y Universidades, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Grant/Award Number: PGC2018-093570-B-I00 and PGC2018-100682-B-I00

Despite the growing body of evidence concerning the harmful effects of childhood maltreatment, intimate partner violence exposure (IPVE) and their correlates, little is currently known about the effects of co‐occurring advantageous family conditions (e.g., instrumental support, inductive parenting, positive communication) and how they may serve to offset the detrimental effects of maltreatment and IPVE. The present study applied a three‐step latent class analysis to identify the co‐occurrence patterns of childhood maltreatment and advantageous family conditions among 1379 Spanish adolescents. The study also sought to identify the sociodemographic risk markers and psychosocial adjustment associated with each latent class membership. The analyses revealed four classes, namely (1) violent family context, (2) emotionally neglectful family context, (3) adverse and advantageous family conditions, and (4) positive family context. Having a lower socioeconomic status and being a migrant were both risk markers for membership to the violent family context as well as to the adverse and advantageous family conditions class. Adolescents who were exposed to advantageous family conditions (e.g., the positive family context or the adverse and advantageous family conditions) exhibited fewer psychosocial problems (e.g., depression, anxiety, somatisation) and lower frequencies of teen dating violence (TDV) when compared with those in the violent family context. Moreover, membership to the emotionally neglectful family context class was related to more psychological symptoms and a higher prevalence of TDV when compared with membership to the positive family context class, despite the absence of IPVE and maltreatment. Overall, the results provide evidence that advantageous family conditions contribute to better psychosocial adjustment on the part of adolescents even when exposed to IPV and maltreatment. Identifying the experiences that contribute to adolescents' psychosocial adjustment could help clinical and governmental interventions tailor their often‐limited resources to children who are at greater risk of negative outcomes, The publication fees were supported by the Autonomous University of Madrid

Background: “How do I perceive my own body?“ is a central question during adolescence, which addresses the subjective assessment of body image, called Body Esteem. Although concern about body esteem increases during adolescence, there is a lack of psychometrically validated measures to assess it specifically among Spanish adolescents. Objective: This study aims to validate the Body-Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adult populations (BESAA), a widely used measure of body esteem across cultures, among the Spanish adolescent population. Methods: The cross-cultural adequacy and acceptability of the Argentinian-Spanish version by Forbes et al., (2012) were pilot tested and the questionnaire was completed by 1,258 students (Mage = 15.56). Next, several psychometric analyses were carried out: exploratory (AFE) and confirmatory (CFA) factorial structure, convergent and discriminant validity, nomological validity, internal consistency, and temporal reliability. Results: The AFE and CFA supported a reduced Spanish version of the BESAA of 14 items (BESAA-S) and maintained the original three-factor structure (BE-Weight, BE-Appearance, and BE-Attribution subscales). The BESAA-S showed acceptable internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability. Discriminant validity between subscales was appropriate, and convergent validity was appropriate except for the BE-Attribution subscale. Nomological validity was supported through significant correlations with body appreciation, general self-esteem, sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, and disordered eating symptoms. Body esteem was negatively associated with weight status. Conclusions: This study presents a culturally appropriate, shortened Spanish BESAA as a reliable instrument for body esteem assessment among Spanish speaking adolescents, Funding information The authors did not receive fnancial support from any organization for the submitted work

The Three-Item Loneliness Scale (TIL Scale) is a widely used brief instrument for the assessment of loneliness. The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the TIL Scale with data from two different studies. In Study 1, 1,536 adults between 18 and 88 years old completed a survey during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 2, 314 older adults between 60 and 92 years old were assessed prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant factor loadings were obtained through confirmatory factor analyses for both samples. Acceptable internal consistency was found for the scale in both samples. Positive associations between the TIL Scale and a single item measuring loneliness and depressive and anxious symptomatology were found. The findings provide support for the use of the TIL Scale with Spanish-speaking populations

Trabajo Fin de Grado en Psicología. Curso académico 2021-2022, En este trabajo se ha buscado encontrar una relación entre los procesos de cambio y resultados, trabajando para ello con la conducta verbal de la diada formada por terapeuta y cliente durante la intervención psicológica. Objetivo: encontrar diferencias en el comportamiento de los terapeutas durante la intervención psicológica entre tres grupos diferentes formados por casos de éxito, éxito parcial y fracaso. Metodología: análisis secuencial para identificar diferencias de comportamiento. Resultados: se encuentran discrepancias en la actuación del terapeuta entre estos grupos. Los resultados muestran que avanzar en el estudio de este campo permitirá comprender qué comportamientos debería poner en marcha el terapeuta en sesión para alcanzar mejores beneficios o casos de éxito, mejorando así la práctica de la psicología clínica, In this project, we have sought to find a relationship between change processes and outcomes, considering for that the verbal behavior of the dyad composed by therapist and client during the psychological intervention. Objective: to find differences in the behavior of the therapists during the psychological intervention between three different groups formed by cases of success, partial success, and failure. Methodology: sequential analyzes to identify behavioral differences. Results: discrepancies are found in the therapist's performance between these groups. The results show that advancing in the study of this field will allow us to understand what behaviors the therapist should implement in session to achieve better client’s benefits or success, thus improving the practice of clinical psychology

Nursing home workers have been exposed to great physical and mental burdens during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this has generated high levels of exhaustion, it may also have contributed to feelings of professional satisfaction. The objective of this study was to explore the levels of satisfaction among nursing home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the role of job demands, resources and emotional experiences in explaining their levels of satisfaction. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Spain between March and May 2020. Three hundred and thirty-five nursing home workers participated. A quantitative analysis was conducted, as was a content analysis of the responses to an open-ended question about the respondents' perceptions of job demands and resources during the crisis. The results showed that workers had very high levels of satisfaction. Social pressure from work, contact with death and suffering, and emotional exhaustion were negatively associated with satisfaction. Moreover, under conditions of extensive contact with suffering people and great fear of contagion, social support at work was shown to promote professional satisfaction. In conclusion, nursing home workers in Spain experienced high rates of satisfaction during the COVID-19 crisis despite the high job demands, lack of job resources, fear of contagion and exhaustion. The main practical implication of this study is the importance of ensuring optimal working conditions in the nursing home sector in order to guarantee professional satisfaction, prevent burnout, reduce turnover and promote post-crisis resilience, This work was supported by I+D+I National Project of Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-106368GB- I00) AEI/10.13039/501100011033

Tentative results from feasibility analyses are critical for planning future randomized control trials (RCTs) in the emerging field of neural biomarkers of behavioral interventions. The cur rent feasibility study used MRI-derived diffusion imaging data to investigate whether it would be possible to identify neural biomarkers of a behavioral intervention among people diag nosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The corpus callosum has been linked to cogni tive processing and callosal abnormalities have been previously found in people diagnosed with ASD. We used a case-control design to evaluate the association between the type of intervention people diagnosed with ASD had previously received and their current white matter integrity in the corpus callosum. Twenty-six children and adolescents with ASD, with and without a history of parent-managed behavioral intervention, underwent an MRI scan with a diffusion data acquisition sequence. We conducted tract-based spatial statistics and a region of interest analysis. The fractional anisotropy values (believed to indicate white mat ter integrity) in the posterior corpus callosum was significantly different across cases (exposed to parent-managed behavioral intervention) and controls (not exposed to parent managed behavioral intervention). The effect was modulated by the intensity of the behav ioral intervention according to a dose-response relationship. The current feasibility case control study provides the basis for estimating the statistical power required for future RCTs in this field. In addition, the study demonstrated the effectiveness of purposely-developed motion control protocols and helped to identify regions of interest candidates. Potential clini cal applications of diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of treatment outcomes in ASD are discussed, This study was supported by grants from Oakley Mental Health Foundation (project no. 3705925), The University of Auckland (Marsden Fund Near Miss Support Program), and through a research contract between ABA España and The University of Auckland (project no. CON02739); all awarded to JVO

The Three-Item Loneliness Scale (TIL Scale) is a widely used brief instrument for the assessment of loneliness. The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the TIL Scale with data from two different studies. In Study 1, 1,536 adults between 18 and 88 years old completed a survey during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Study 2, 314 older adults between 60 and 92 years old were assessed prior to the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant factor loadings were obtained through confirmatory factor analyses for both samples. Acceptable internal consistency was found for the scale in both samples. Positive associations between the TIL Scale and a single item measuring loneliness and depressive and anxious symptomatology were found. The findings provide support for the use of the TIL Scale with Spanish-speaking populations

Objective: This study was aimed to examine patient enrolment in the pre‐ intervention stage, family‐reported barriers, attendance rates and underlying predictors of short‐term attendance in a family‐system‐based randomised controlled trial for managing childhood obesity in children aged 8–12‐years‐ old (ENTREN‐F). Method: Psychosocial and anthropometric measures were collected through primary health referral. The data were used for descriptive analyses of sample characteristics and linear regression analyses. Results: Low enrolment rates and several family‐reported barriers were observed in the pre‐intervention stage. Logistical barriers were the most frequent family‐reported reason for attrition in the different stages of the study. Having a first face‐to‐face orientation session with the families and the use of motivational interviewing helped to improve adherence in the initial phases of the study. After 6 months of intervention, family based treatments (FBTs) under consideration achieve greater adherence compared with the standard intervention. Moreover, family involvement was a predictor of success for better treatment adherence rates. By contrast, participants who attended a brief standard intervention, mothers with primary education,greater body mass index, higher levels of depressive symptomatology and more critical comments towards their children, children with higher weight status and lower levels of self‐reported depressive symptoms at baseline attended interventions less frequently. Conclusions: In future programmes a comprehensive screening of modifiable factors related to family and their setting characteristics is paramount prior to intervention, identifying key barriers related to drop‐out, especially in the case of less‐advantaged families, FUAM; Auchan Foundation for Youth; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación

Several studies suggest that the menstrual cycle affects emotional processing. However, these results may be biased by including women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in the samples. PMS is characterized by negative emotional symptomatology, such as depression and/or anxiety, during the luteal phase. This study aimed to explore the modulation of exogenous attention to emotional facial expressions as a function of the menstrual cycle in women without PMS. For this purpose, 55 women were selected (from an original volunteer sample of 790) according to rigorous exclusion criteria. Happy, angry, and neutral faces were presented as distractors, while both behavioral performance in a perceptual task and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. This task was applied during both phases of the menstrual cycle (luteal and follicular, counterbalanced), and premenstrual symptomatology was monitored daily. Traditional and Bayesian ANOVAs on behavioral data (reaction times and errors in the task) and ERP indices (P1, N170, N2, and LPP amplitudes) confirmed the expected lack of an interaction of phase and emotion. Taken together, these results indicate that women free of PMS present steady exogenous attention levels to emotionally positive and negative stimuli regardless of the menstrual phase, This research was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion ´ y Universidades of Spain (Grant no. PID2021-124420NB-100) and Comunidad de Madrid (Grants no. HUM19-HUM5705 and SI1-PJI-2019- 00011) in collaboration with the Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Grant no. 2017-T2/SOC-5569)

Objectives: Family caregivers of people with dementia often report feelings of guilt. However, the number of studies analyzing guilt and the factors associated with its appearance are scarce. The aim of this study is to explore the subjective experience of guilt in the family care of people with dementia. Methods: A qualitative analysis of the narratives of 13 family caregivers of people with dementia about their feelings of guilt was done. Results: Seven categories for understanding guilt in caregiving were obtained: guilt derived from actions themselves; guilt derived from one’s limitations; guilt for feeling negative emotions; guilt associated with the change in the relationship with the person cared for; guilt for neglecting other areas; guilt induced by the person cared for, and guilt induced by others. The results showed the existence of cases in which guilt is absent by distress-avoiding processes. Conclusions: Guilt is a relevant variable in understanding caregiver distress, and its analysis is necessary for therapeutic work in the field of care. Clinical implications: Psychological interventions aimed at family caregivers should include specific techniques in order to address guilt feelings., The study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (grants PSI2015-65,152-C2-1-R and PSI2015-65,152-C2-2-R)

This paper studies the validity of the School Climate Battery of Questionnaires for Secondary and High School Teachers (SCBQSHST). The battery includes five questionnaires: Quality of Leadership, Quality of Teachers' Support, School Motivational Orientation, Quality of Students' Attitude, and Quality of Parental Support. A total of 178 teachers from Costa Rica were compared with 343 Spanish teachers. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the questionnaires allow assessing teachers' perceptions of the different dimensions of school climate in a valid and reliable way in both Spain and Costa Rica. Differences in the perception of Spanish and Costa Rican teachers about school climate shown by multigroup confirmatory factor analyses are discussed as well as theoretical and practical implications., Este artículo estudia la validez de la Batería de cuestionarios sobre clima escolar para profesores de Secundaria y Bachillerato (BQCE-SB). La batería incluye cinco cuestionarios: calidad de liderazgo, calidad de apoyo docente, orientación motivacional del centro, calidad de las actitudes de los estudiantes y calidad del apoyo de los padres. Un total de 178 docentes de Costa Rica se compararon con 343 docentes españoles. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios mostraron que los cuestionarios permiten evaluar de manera válida y confiable las percepciones de los docentes sobre las diferentes dimensiones del clima escolar, tanto en España como en Costa Rica. Se discuten las diferencias en la percepción de los docentes españoles y costarricenses sobre el clima escolar que muestran los análisis factoriales confirmatorios multigrupo, así como sus implicaciones teóricas y prácticas

Objectives Families are going through a very stressful time because of the COVID-19 outbreak, with age being a risk factor for this illness. Negative self-perceptions of aging, among other personal and relational variables, may be associated with loneliness and distress caused by the pandemic crisis. Method Participants are 1,310 Spanish people (age range: 18–88 years) during a lock-down period at home. In addition to specific questions about risk for COVID-19, self-perceptions of aging, family and personal resources, loneliness, and psychological distress were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were done for assessing the correlates of loneliness and psychological distress. Results The measured variables allow for an explanation of 48% and 33% of the variance of distress and loneliness, respectively. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion, and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, lower contact with relatives, higher self-perception as a burden, fewer positive emotions, lower resources for entertaining oneself, lower quality of sleep, and higher expressed emotion were associated with higher loneliness. Discussion Having negative self-perceptions of aging and lower chronological age, together with other measured family and personal resources, are associated with loneliness and psychological distress. Older adults with positive self-perceptions of aging seem to be more resilient during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de lectura: 10-12-2021, Las intervenciones psicológicas son eficaces para resolver los problemas de las personas diagnosticadas de trastorno mental grave (TMG). Las evidencias empíricas para determinar la eficacia de los tratamientos se han generado en el movimiento de la psicología basada en la evidencia. Gracias a este movimiento varios tratamientos han demostrado eficacia para resolver los problemas psicológicos relacionados con diagnósticos de TMG (esquizofrenia, trastorno bipolar, depresión mayor y trastorno límite de la personalidad). Si bien existe un acuerdo sobre la eficacia de varios tratamientos para estos problemas, no se ha llegado a un consenso sobre los principios y procesos psicológicos básicos que explican la eficacia de los tratamientos. Saber que algo funciona, no implica saber por qué funciona. Por tanto, en este trabajo se defiende la utilidad de una investigación de procesos en los tratamientos psicológicos desde una perspectiva analítico funcional del comportamiento humano. En concreto, como en el Análisis clínico de la Conducta, se destaca el papel del estudio de los procesos de control verbal del comportamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la interacción verbal entre terapeuta y cliente diagnosticado de trastorno mental grave. Para ello se ha diseñado, depurado y validado un sistema de observación de la interacción verbal entre el terapeuta y el cliente. Este sistema está fundamentado en una perspectiva analítico funcional de la conducta verbal por lo que todas sus categorías están basadas en una descripción funcional. Este sistema facilita el análisis de los procesos de aprendizaje que se ponen en marcha en la interacción verbal en sesión. De hecho, en este trabajo se analiza la distribución de las diferentes funciones de la conducta verbal de varios terapeutas a lo largo de diferentes casos (6 terapeutas en 12 casos diferentes con 76 sesiones en total). En concreto, se describe la actuación de los terapeutas de dos grupos (casos con TMG y sin TMG) en diferentes momentos temporales (36 sesiones de evaluación y 40 sesiones de tratamiento). También, se realiza un análisis secuencial de la interacción verbal y se analizan los patrones de actuación que se relacionan con un mayor tamaño del efecto de la intervención psicológica en el comportamiento del cliente. Por último, se analiza la actuación de un terapeuta con formación en análisis de conducta en el tratamiento psicológico de una persona diagnosticada de TMG (16 sesiones en total). En este caso también se realiza un análisis descriptivo y secuencial de la actuación del terapeuta y se relaciona su actuación con el cambio de comportamiento del cliente. En general estos trabajos nos han permitido estudiar los procesos de control verbal del comportamiento que operan en los tratamientos psicológicos y discutir el papel de la conducta verbal del terapeuta en la eficacia de los tratamientos psicológicos

Although progress has been made in elucidating the behavioral and neural development of global stopping across the lifespan, little is known about the development of selective stopping. This more complex form of inhibitory control is required in real-world situations where ongoing responses must be inhibited to certain stimuli but not others, and can be assessed in laboratory settings using a stimulus selective stopping task. Here we used this task to investigate the qualitative and quantitative developmental changes in selective stopping in a large-scale cross-sectional study with three different age groups (children, preadolescents, and young adults). We found that the ability to stop a response selectively to some stimuli (i.e., use a selective strategy) rather than non-selectively to all presented stimuli (i.e., use a global, non-selective strategy) is fully mature by early preadolescence, and remains stable afterwards at least until young adulthood. By contrast, the efficiency or speed of stopping (indexed by a shorter stop-signal reaction time or SSRT) continues to mature throughout adolescence until young adulthood, both for global and selective implementations of stopping. We also provide some preliminary findings regarding which other task variables beyond the strategy and SSRT predicted age group status. Premature responding (an index of “waiting impulsivity”) and post-ignore slowing (an index of cognitive control) were among the most relevant predictors in discriminating between developmental age groups. Although present results need to be confirmed and extended in longitudinal studies, they provide new insights into the development of a relevant form of inhibitory control, This work was supported by grants PSI2017-84922-R (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) and SI1/PJI/2019-00061 (Comunidad de Madrid, Spain; V PRICIT)

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 10-11-2021, Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 10-05-2023

The homicides committed by women make up between 5 and 15% of the total number of homicides recorded in the world. Studies based on the gender of the perpetrator have been uncommon due to the low level of prevalence of female homicide offenders, but this tendency is currently undergoing a change. Nonetheless, in general, there is still limited knowledge of the role of women in serious crime, which makes the task of criminal policy more difficult. Therefore, the present investigation seeks to perform a comparative analysis of the homicides committed by women (n = 56) with those committed by men (n = 521). The cases in this sample correspond to homicides solved in Spain by the Civil Guard between the years 2013 and 2018. The findings of the study show that homicides by women have distinctive characteristics, with 3 out of every 4 taking place in the family environment, and these being dominated by cases of filicide. The victims are underage males with some type of vulnerability and a mental disorder. The female perpetrators tend to have a partner and live with somebody, have a mental disorder and do not present a prior criminal record. With regard to the crime, homicides perpetrated by women take place in the afternoon, without witnesses and in residences; when it comes to the criminal behaviours, they use weapons of opportunity, above all asphyxiating methods, they alter the scene and do not flee from the scene of the crime.

One's own face is recognized more efficiently than any other face, although the neural mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Considering the extensive visual experience that we have with our own face, some authors have proposed that self-face recognition involves a more analytical perceptual strategy (i.e., based on face features) than other familiar faces, which are commonly processed holistically (i.e., as a whole). However, this hypothesis has not yet been tested with brain activity data. In the present study, we employed an inversion paradigm combined with event-related potential (ERP) recordings to investigate whether the self-face is processed more analytically. Sixteen healthy participants were asked to identify their own face and a familiar face regardless of its orientation, which could either be upright or inverted. ERP analysis revealed an enhanced amplitude and a delayed latency for the N170 component when faces were presented in an inverted orientation. Critically, both the self and a familiar face were equally vulnerable to the inversion effect, suggesting that the self-face is not processed more analytically than a familiar face. In addition, we replicated the recent finding that the attention-related P200 component is a specific neural index of self-face recognition. Overall, our results suggest that the advantage for self-face processing might be better explained by the engagement of self-related attentional mechanisms than by the use of a more analytical visuoperceptual strategy, This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) (UAMA13-4E- 2192) and FEDER/Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU)—National Research Agency (AEI) (PGC2018-100682- B- I00), and the Community of Madrid (SAPIENTIA-CM H2019/HUM-570), under agreement with the Autonomous University of Madrid (2017-T2/ SOC-5569; SI1-PJI- 2019- 00011)

Psychopharmacological and behavioral interventions are often combined in the treatment of problem behavior in people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). However, little is known about the interaction between medication pharmacodynamics and behavior function. A better understanding of these mechanisms could serve as the conceptual foundation for combined interventions. The current analysis is a systematic replication of Valdovinos et al. (2009). We conducted continuous functional analyses within analogue reversal and parametric analyses monitoring the impact of various dosages of primarily antipsychotic medications on problem behavior and its function. Four individuals with IDD and problem behavior who were also receiving psychotropic medications participated. Medication adjustments produced small to negligible decreases in problem behavior, and behavior function remained largely unchanged through the 14 medication adjustments evaluated. The continuous functional analysis helped to identify what could be delayed medication effects on problem behavior. The clinical and methodological implications of this replication are discussed, This study was partially funded by a grant from the Manitoba Health Research Council awarded to the second author. ABA España supported the second author through a research contract granted to The University of Auckland (project no. CON02739). This manuscript is based on the dissertation of the first author conducted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Manitoba

Tesis Doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud. Fecha de Lectura: 09-07-2021, Esta tesis tiene embargado el acceso al texto completo hasta el 01-01-2023

Diurnal bruxism among individuals with intellectual disabilities is often measured on the basis of its auditory products, thereby precluding the contingent presentation of stimuli during silent bruxism events. Electromyography (EMG) offers a technological solution to the identification of all bruxism events. EMG has not been previously evaluated in nonvocal clients with intellectual disabilities in the context of functional analysis and treatment. In the current series of analyses, we suggest a set of methods to implement EMG technology with this population. In Analysis 1, we propose a strategy for systematically identifying bruxism events. In Analysis 2 we evaluate an EMG staff-training package with naive interventionists without past experience with EMG technology. Finally, Analysis 3 presents a practical example of this method during the functional analysis and treatment of a client with frequent diurnal bruxism.

Eating disorders (ED) are considered as heterogeneous disorders with a complex multifactor etiology that involves biological and environmental interaction., [Objective]: The aim was to identify specific ED bio-psychological-familial correlates at illness onset., [Methods]: A case-control (1:1) design was applied, which studied 50 adolescents diagnosed with ED at onset (12–17 years old) and their families, paired by age and parents’ socio-educational level with three control samples (40 with an affective disorder, 40 with asthma, and 50 with no pathology) and their respective families. Biological, psychological, and familial correlates were assessed using interviews, standardized questionnaires, and a blood test., [Results]: After performing conditional logistic regression models for each type of variable, those correlates that showed to be specific for ED were included in a global exploratory model (R2 = 0.44). The specific correlates identified associated to the onset of an ED were triiodothyronine (T3) as the main specific biological correlate; patients’ drive for thinness, perfectionism and anxiety as the main psychological correlates; and fathers’ emotional over-involvement and depression, and mothers’ anxiety as the main familial correlates., [Conclusion]: To our knowledge, this is the first study to use three specific control groups assessed through standardized interviews, and to collect a wide variety of data at the illness onset. This study design has allowed to explore which correlates, among those measured, were specific to EDs; finding that perfectionism and family emotional over-involvement, as well as the T3 hormone were relevant to discern ED cases at the illness onset from other adolescents with or without a concurrent pathology., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC-2009-05092 and PSI2011-23127) and the Education Ministry of Spain (FPU15/05783).

Retrospective self-reports have been commonly used to assess psychological variables such as feelings, thoughts, or emotions. Nevertheless, this method presents serious limitations to gather accurate information about variables that change over time. The Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) approach has been used to deal with some of the limitations these retrospective assessment methods present, and for gathering real-time information about dynamic psychological variables, such as feelings, thoughts, or behaviors. In the sports injury rehabilitation context, athletes' thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and pain perceptions during the rehabilitation process can influence the outcomes of this process. These responses change over different stages of the rehabilitation and taking them into account can help therapists to adapt the rehabilitation process and increasing their effectiveness. With this aim, an EMA mobile app (PSIXPORT) was designed to gather real-time information about severely injured athletes' cognitive appraisals, emotional responses, behaviors, and pain perceptions during their rehabilitation process. The goals of this study were to evaluate Psixport's ability to gather real-time information about injured athletes' psychological responses during the rehabilitation, to test the users' perceived usability of Psixport, and to compare the reliability and differences between real-time data gathered with Psixport and the data gathered through the one-time retrospective method. Twenty-eight severely injured athletes (10 men and 18 women) were assessed using Psixport, a retrospective questionnaire, and the uMARS usability test. Results showed that Psixport can be considered as a good tool to gather information about injured athletes' cognitive appraisals, emotional responses, behaviors, and pain perceptions. Moreover, multiple data assessments gathered with the app showed to be more accurate information about injured athletes' psychological responses than one-time retrospective reports.

Trabajo Fin de Grado en Psicología. Curso académico 2020-2021, En este estudio se investigó la relación entre Dependencia Emocional y Uso Problemático de las Nuevas Tecnologías. En una muestra española de 196 participantes de entre 18 y 37 años, se encontró que existe correlación positiva entre estas dos variables, y que es más fuerte en mujeres en los casos del Smartphone, la mensajería instantánea y las redes sociales. No se encontraron diferencias en el grado de Dependencia Emocional según el sexo, pero sí en el de Uso Problemático de las Nuevas Tecnologías: las mujeres abusan más del Smartphone, las redes sociales e Internet; los hombres, de los videojuegos. No hubo diferencias en el uso problemático de la mensajería instantánea, In this study, the relationship between Emotional Dependency and Problematic Use of New Technologies was explored. A positive correlation between these two variables was found in a Spanish sample of 196 participants aged between 18 and 37 years old, and it was stronger among women when using Smartphones, instant messaging and social networking sites. No sex differences were found in the degree of Emotional Dependency, but there were sex differences in Problematic Use of New Technologies: women overuse their Smartphones, social networking sites and the Internet more; men overuse videogames more. There were not differences in problematic use of instant messaging