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3 results on '"UK's Natural Environment Research Council"'

1. Climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO 2 sink

Author

N. Mayot, C. Le Quéré, C. Rödenbeck, R. Bernardello, L. Bopp, L. M. Djeutchouang, M. Gehlen, L. Gregor, N. Gruber, J. Hauck, Y. Iida, T. Ilyina, R. F. Keeling, P. Landschützer, A. C. Manning, L. Patara, L. Resplandy, J. Schwinger, R. Séférian, A. J. Watson, R. M. Wright, J. Zeng, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA: NA20OAR4320278, OPP-1922922, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020: 820989, 821003, Natural Environment Research Council, NERC: NE/P021417/1, Royal Society: RPR1191063, University of East Anglia, UEA, European Commission, EC, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG: PA 3075/2-1, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, ETH: 101003536, Norges Forskningsråd: 270061, Helmholtz Association: VH-NG-1301, Neurosciences Foundation, NSF, N.M., C.L.Q., R.B., N.G., L.G. and A.C.M. acknowledge the funding from the European Commission through the H2020 project 4C (grant no. 821003). J.H., L.G., M.G. and N.G. acknowledge the funding from the European Commission through the H2020 project COMFORT project (grant no. 820989). C.L.Q. was funded by the UK Royal Society (grant no. RPR1191063). N.M. and R.M.W. were funded by UK's Natural Environment Research Council (SONATA: grant no. NE/P021417/1). J.S. received funding from the Research Council of Norway through project INES (grant no. 270061) and HPC resources provided by the National Infrastructure for HPC and Data Storage in Norway, UNINETT Sigma2 (grant no. nn/ns2980k). L.R. acknowledges the Princeton University Catalysis Initiative. N.G. and L.G. acknowledge funding from ETH Zürich. M.G. and R.S. acknowledge the ESM2025 project under the grant agreement number 101003536. M.G. also acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Blue Growth research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 862923 (project AtlantECO). J.H. acknowledges support by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association (Helmholtz Young Investigator Group Marine Carbon and Ecosystem Feedbacks in the Earth System [MarESys], grant number VH-NG-1301). The integration of the ORCA025-GEOMAR experiment was performed at the North German Supercomputing Alliance (HLRN) and was financially supported by the German Research Foundation (project PA 3075/2-1). The APO measurements were supported by a series of grants to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography from the US NSF and NOAA, most recently OPP-1922922 and NA20OAR4320278. Acknowledgements, and Thanks to Erik Buitenhuis and David Willis for their work on the NEMO-PlankTOM12 model development. The research presented in this paper was carried out on the High Performance Computing Cluster supported by the Research and Specialist Computing Support service at the University of East Anglia.

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], carbon sink, General Mathematics, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Southern ocean, Carbon sink, Climate, Oxygen, Interannual, interannual, Southern Ocean, decadal, climate, oxygen
Abstract

The Southern Ocean is a major sink of atmospheric CO2, but the nature and magnitude of its variability remains uncertain and debated. Estimates based on observations suggest substantial variability that is not reproduced by process-based ocean models, with increasingly divergent estimates over the past decade. We examine potential constraints on the nature and magnitude of climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink from observation-based air-sea O2 fluxes. On interannual time scales, the variability in the air-sea fluxes of CO2 and O2 estimated from observations is consistent across the two species and positively correlated with the variability simulated by ocean models. Our analysis suggests that variations in ocean ventilation related to the Southern Annular Mode are responsible for this interannual variability. On decadal time scales, the existence of significant variability in the air-sea CO2 flux estimated from observations also tends to be supported by observation-based estimates of O2 flux variability. However, the large decadal variability in air-sea CO2 flux is absent from ocean models. Our analysis suggests that issues in representing the balance between the thermal and non-thermal components of the CO2 sink and/or insufficient variability in mode water formation might contribute to the lack of decadal variability in the current generation of ocean models. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'., Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 381 (2249), ISSN:1364-503X, ISSN:1471-2962

Published
2023

2. Participation in the implementation of Natura 2000

Author

Blondet, Marieke, de Koning, Jessica, Borrass, Lars, Ferranti, Francesca, Geitzenauer, Maria, Weiss, Gerhard, Turnhout, Esther, Winkel, Georg, Laboratoire d'Etudes des Ressources Forêt-Bois (LERFoB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Eco-Anthropologie et Ethnobiologie (EAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sociol & Anthropol Dev, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Inst Environm Social Sci & Geog, Forest & Environm Policy, University of Freiburg, Res & Publishing, Nat & Soc Consultancy, Inst Forest Environm & Nat Resource Policy, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Cent East European Reg Off, European Forest Ins EFICEEC, Forest & Nat Conservat Policy Grp, Forest Soc Res Programme, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), BeFoFu, Austrian Wissenschaftsfond, French National Research Agency (ANR), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, UK's Natural Environment Research Council, UK's Department for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
CLIMATE-CHANGE, CONSTRUCTION, structure organisationnelle, NETHERLANDS, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], FOREST POLICY, EXPERIENCES, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE, CITIZEN PARTICIPATION, EUROPEAN-UNION, étude comparative, natura 2000, état membre de l'union européenne, union européenne, MANAGEMENT, participation, comparative study
Abstract

The establishment of Natura 2000, the European Union's network of protected areas, has been a challenging process and has caused a variety of conflicts.These conflicts are related to contradictory stakeholder interests and perceptions, as well as to procedural issues and feelings of exclusion, especially by concerned local land user groups. To prevent further conflict, local participation has been stressed as an important tool to increase the inclusiveness of Natura 2000 and its acceptance among land users. In this paper, we present an analysis of participation practices related to the Natura 2000 implementation processes in six EU member states.Based on material collected from semi-structured interviews and document analysis, we describe the organisational settings of the participatory processes, focusing, among other things, on the type of participants involved, the level and intensity of their involvement, and the goal of participation. In addition, we also describe the local context in which the participation processes have been embedded. Finally, we assess the outcomes of the participatory processes in terms of their impact on forest and nature conservation management practicesOur results show that local participation practices were shaped not just by the Natura 2000 policy, but also by the history of the area, including, for example, earlier conflicts among the local actors. We also show that although the participation process leads to a greater acceptance of the Natura 2000 policy, this does not relate to significant changes in management practices among local actors. These findings, however, do not suggest that participation is irrelevant. Rather, we conclude that participation involves context-dependent, localised learning processes that can only be understood by taking the historical socio-economic and institutional context in which they are situated into account.

Published
2017

3. Applications of Electrified Dust and Dust Devil Electrodynamics to Martian Atmospheric Electricity

Author

Jean-Jacques Berthelier, Nilton O. Renno, William M. Farrell, M. Zimmerman, Erika Barth, Francesca Esposito, Cauê S. Borlina, Franck Montmessin, Grégoire Déprez, Jonathan Merrison, Keri Nicoll, R. G. Harrison, Isobel M P Houghton, Karen Aplin, Sachchida Nand Tripathi, Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading ( UOR ), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] ( SwRI ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte ( OAC ), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica ( INAF ), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], IMPEC - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales ( LATMOS ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] ( AOPP ), University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] ( AOSS ), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies ( GISS ), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] ( NTNU ), Johns Hopkins University ( JHU ), UK’s Natural Environment Research Council (NE/L011514/1), University of Reading (UOR), Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics [Oxford] (AOPP), Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences [Ann Arbor] (AOSS), University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), and University of Oxford

Subjects
[ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Particle electrification, OXIDANT ENHANCEMENT, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], WIND-BLOWN SAND, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, GRANULAR INSULATOR SYSTEMS, SOLAR-SYSTEM, Atmosphere, Interplanetary dust cloud, Martian surface, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Dust devil, Lightning discharge, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Martian, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, FIELD METER, ION MEASUREMENTS, Global circuit, MARS, Hygroelectricity, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Atmosphere of Mars, ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGES, [ SDU.ASTR.EP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], PARTICLE-SIZE, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, CONTACT ELECTRIFICATION, Atmospheric electricity, Planetary electrostatics
Abstract

International audience; Atmospheric transport and suspension of dust frequently brings electrification, which may be substantial. Electric fields of 10 kV m−1 to 100 kV m−1 have been observed at the surface beneath suspended dust in the terrestrial atmosphere, and some electrification has been observed to persist in dust at levels to 5 km, as well as in volcanic plumes. The interaction between individual particles which causes the electrification is incompletely understood, and multiple processes are thought to be acting. A variation in particle charge with particle size, and the effect of gravitational separation explains to, some extent, the charge structures observed in terrestrial dust storms. More extensive flow-based modelling demonstrates that bulk electric fields in excess of 10 kV m−1 can be obtained rapidly (in less than 10 s) from rotating dust systems (dust devils) and that terrestrial breakdown fields can be obtained. Modelled profiles of electrical conductivity in the Martian atmosphere suggest the possibility of dust electrification, and dust devils have been suggested as a mechanism of charge separation able to maintain current flow between one region of the atmosphere and another, through a global circuit. Fundamental new understanding of Martian atmospheric electricity will result from the ExoMars mission, which carries the DREAMS (Dust characterization, Risk Assessment, and Environment Analyser on the Martian Surface)—MicroARES (Atmospheric Radiation and Electricity Sensor) instrumentation to Mars in 2016 for the first in situ electrical measurements.

Published
2016

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