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Neutrosophic multiple-attribute decision making (MADM) is one of the major study areas in ambiguous and inconsistent decision-making problems. The single-valued neutrosophic number (SVNN), which is an expansion of the fuzzy number, intuitionistic fuzzy number, can handle difficulties involving a huge quantity of erroneous, partial, and inconsistent information. To address the multi-criteria decision-making problems, novel aggregation operators (AGOs) are proposed in this article considering the benefits of the SVNN. The new AGOs consider the interrelationship involving any number of input data and can remove the effect of unreliable data. This article adds the Aczel-Alsina (AA) operations to increase the flexibility of the new AGOs. This study proposes the single-valued neutrosophic Aczel-Alsina power Muirhead mean (SVNAAPMM) operator, single-valued neutrosophic Aczel-Alsina power dual Muirhead mean (SVNAAPDMM) operator which combines the Aczel-Asina operational rules with the power average/geometric operator and the Muirhead/ dual Muirhead mean operators. Some core characteristics and special cases with respect to the parameters are explored and it is found that various existing AGOs are special cases of the newly initiated AGOs. Further, weighted form these AGOs are introduced. Then, we set up the MADM technique using the two AGOs that are suggested to solve MADM problems. We then give a numerical example about strategic supplier's selection and compare it to other related MADM techniques already in use in the SVNN information to demonstrate the effectiveness and appropriateness of the anticipated technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Next‐generation sequencing is advancing in low‐ and middle‐income countries, but accessibility remains limited. In Pakistan, many members of the Pashtun population practice familial marriage and maintain distinct socio‐cultural traditions, isolating them from other ethnic groups. As a result, they may harbor genetic variants that could unveil new gene‐disease associations. To investigate the genetic basis of epilepsy in the Pashtun community we recently established a collaboration between Bannu University and the University of Tuebingen. Here we report our first results of exome sequencing of four families with presumed monogenetic epilepsy and Mendelian inheritance pattern. In Family #201, we identified distinct disease‐causing variants. One had a homozygous pathogenic missense variant in TSEN54 (c.919G > T, p.(Ala307Ser)), linked to Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia Type 2A. The second individual had a homozygous class IV missense variant in MOCS2 (c.226G > A, p.(Gly76Arg)) which is associated with Molybdenum cofactor deficiency. In family EP02, one affected individual carried a heterozygous class III variant in OPHN1 (c.1490G > A, p.(Arg497Gln)), related to syndromic X‐linked intellectual disability with epilepsy. Our small study demonstrates the promise of next‐generation sequencing in genetic epilepsies among the Pashtun population. Diagnostic next‐generation sequencing should be established in Pakistan as soon as possible, and if not feasible, genetic research projects may pioneer this path. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis, is marked by intestinal barrier disruptions, immune system dysregulation, and an imbalance in the gut microbiota. The golden chanterelle mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius Fr., a popular edible mushroom, has shown potential therapeutic benefits. This study examines the therapeutic potential of a crude polysaccharide extract obtained from C. cibarius Fr. (CCP) on intestinal barrier integrity, inflammatory cytokine levels, and gut microbiota composition in a murine model of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Methods: To induce colitis BALB/c mice were provided to consume autoclaved water with 3% DSS for 7 days, followed by 14 days of CCP supplementation. To assess the effects of CCP, histological analysis of colon tissue was performed, gene expression, inflammatory responses, tight junction proteins expression, gut barrier integrity, and cytokines levels were measured and analyzed and 16S rRNA sequencing were evaluated. Results and Discussion: CCP treatment alleviates colitis symptoms by improving body weight, and enhancing intestinal integrity through increased mucin-2 and tight junction protein expression. Additionally, CCP administration regulates the altered immune response by mitigating the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, CCP supplementation effectively modulates DSS-induced dysbiosis as demonstrated by 16S rRNA sequencing results. These findings suggest that crude polysaccharides from the golden chanterelle mushroom, C. cibarius Fr., hold promise for treating colitis, via strengthening the intestinal barrier, regulating inflammatory responses, and reshaping the gut dysbiosis in a DSS-induced colitis model. CCP offers a novel approach for managing colitis, as a chronic inflammatory condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Sea conch peptide hydrolysate (CPH) was produced by enzymatic digestion of fresh conch meat with trypsin enzyme. To analyze the molecular composition, functional groups, and structural morphology of the hydrolysate, we employed liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results confirmed that crude protein could be effectively digested by enzymes to generate peptides. In this study, we evaluated the bioactivities of CPH on dextran sulfate solution (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. The findings demonstrated that CPH supplementation improved body weight, food and water intake, and colon length. The therapeutic efficacy and immunoregulatory effect of CPH were further determined. Our results exhibited that CPH treatment significantly ameliorated pathological symptoms by enhancing intestinal integrity, mucin production, and goblet cell count. Moreover, the immunoregulatory effect of CPH on mRNA expression levels of different pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines was determined. Results exhibited a decrease in the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the colon. Additionally, the CPH administration modulates the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway, preventing DNA damage and cell death. Assays for apoptosis and DNA damage revealed that CPH reduced oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. These findings highlight the immunomodulatory and treatment amelioration effect of CPH in reducing the severity of colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metaverse, distinguished by its capacity to integrate the physical and digital realms seamlessly, presents a dynamic virtual environment offering diverse opportunities for engagement across innovation, entertainment, socialization, and commercial endeavors. However, the Metaverse is poised for a transformative evolution through the convergence of contemporary technological advancements, including artificial intelligence (AI), Blockchain, Robotics, augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality. This convergence is anticipated to revolutionize the global digital landscape, introducing novel social, economic, and operational paradigms for organizations and communities. To comprehensively elucidate the future potential of this technological fusion and its implications for digital innovation, this research endeavors to undertake a thorough analysis of scholarly discourse and research pertaining to the Metaverse, AI, Blockchain, and associated technologies. This survey delves into various critical facets of the Metaverse ecosystem, encompassing component analysis, exploration of digital currencies, assessment of AI utilization in virtual environments, and examination of Blockchain's role in enhancing digital content and data security. Leveraging articles retrieved from esteemed digital repositories including ScienceDirect, IEEE Xplore, Springer Nature, Google Scholar, and ACM, published between 2017 and 2023, this study adopts an analytical approach to engage with these materials. Through rigorous examination and discourse, this research aims to provide insights into the emerging trends, challenges, and future directions in the convergence of the Metaverse, Blockchain, and AI. This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Industry Specific Applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study integrates various remote sensing datasets to analyze environmental changes and their impacts on ecosystems across Pakhtunkhwa Province in Pakistan. Precipitation data from the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) dataset, along with vegetation health assessments using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) data from the Landsat dataset, were used to comprehensively analyze the impact of vegetation dynamics on environmental footprints (i.e., temperature, precipitation, and LST). Land use maps, generated through supervised classification of Landsat images from 1985 to 2023, highlight significant changes in different land use classes, including vegetation and forest cover. Bayesian Network Modelling (BNM) and Dummy Variable Regression (DVR) methods were employed to assess the impact of vegetation (using NDVI time series) on environmental footprint and forest cover in particular. The results suggest that the NDVI generally increase the cooling effect across most of the study area, indicating that higher vegetation density is linked to a decrease in temperatures. This inverse relationship is also apparent in the connection between the NDVI and the LST, depicting a negative trend in surface temperature over most of the pixels/districts. The regression coefficients for the NDVI and the LST vary across different pixels, ranging from −5.3839 °C to 5.2697 °C, with standard deviations from 2.057 °C to 5.138 °C, reflecting a variability in the strength of this cooling effect. Similarly, for the relationship between the NDVI and the LST, coefficients range from −7.1513 °C to 6.6322 °C, with standard deviations between 1.612 °C and 4.155 °C. In contrast, NDVI and precipitation show a positive relationship, with regression coefficients ranging from 4.1686 °C to 44.3932 °C and standard deviations between 2.242 °C and 8.224 °C, suggesting greater variability in precipitation corresponding to vegetation dynamics. Additionally, forest cover generally correlates positively with precipitation in most pixels, but the variability across pixels emphasizes the complex nature of these relationships. The study identified substantial fluctuations in land use categories over the decades, indicating environmental shifts driven by both natural and human factors. BNM demonstrated a positive impact of vegetation dynamics on precipitation and a negative impact on both temperature and LST. On the other hand, the increase in forest cover, particularly due to the Billion Tree Tsunami Project, has a significant impact on the environmental footprint identified through DVR. By combining high-resolution datasets with advanced statistical techniques, this study offers key insights into the dynamic interactions between land cover, vegetation, and climate in the study region, providing valuable information for sustainable environmental management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pyrolysis process of coconut residue and the activated carbon was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis in the range of 25 to 900 °C, with three altered heating rates: 3, 5, and 10 °C/min. The results of the thermal decomposition showed that it occurred in three distinct phases: dehydration, active pyrolysis, and passive pyrolysis. The derivative thermogravimetric analysis indicated that increasing the heating rate led to a shift in the maximum weight loss rate towards higher temperatures. To better understand the kinetics constraints, the Coats–Redfern method was applied to determine the activation energy (Ea) and the frequency factor (A). The activation energies for the pyrolysis process varied between 159.57 and 177.45 kJ/mol for RCR and from 132.62 to 147.1 kJ/mol for ACCR at different heating rates. Additionally, the physical properties of the samples were investigated using techniques like scanning electron microscopy and the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface analysis. The findings of the study demonstrated that the activation energies of the activated carbon were lower than those of the original biomass. Furthermore, the activation energy values achieved from the D1–D4 models were considered reliable, indicating that the D model was more suitable compared to other models for describing the pyrolysis process and predicting its kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vascular malignancies are categorized into benign hemangiomas, malignant angiosarcomas, and tumors of intermediate malignancy. Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is one of the rare diagnoses belonging to the class of intermediate malignancies that was initially diagnosed. Case Presentation: In this case report, we have reported a rare case of RH, a locally aggressive, vascular tumor of malignant potential presenting at an unusual site. The most observed locations of this soft tissue tumor are skin and subcutaneous tissues of extremities; however, this case of RH was observed in an unusual site called pleura, which is a rare occurrence related to this tumor. The presence of cell surface markers like CD31 and ERG of vascular and endothelial origin and the presence of hobnail appearance of endothelial channels on the biopsy profile supported the vascular origin of the tumor; the clinical features and imaging studies further confirmed the diagnosis of RH. Conclusion: In this case report, a rare case of RH with an unusual site of origin was highlighted. RH is a vascular neoplasm; commonly observed sites of this vascular tumor were skin and subcutaneous tissue of the extremities; however, in this case, the site was unusually different, which was the pleura of the left lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]