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1. Evaluation of Preclinical Toxicity of Methanolic Extract of Sargassum tenerrimum using the Zebrafish Model.

Author

YADAV, RAMAN, KUMARAVELU, PUNNAGAI, UMAMAHESWARI, SUBBURAYA, SUBRAMANIAN, VISWANATHAN, and KANTIPUDI, SUVARNA JYOTI

Subjects
TOXICITY testing, ACUTE toxicity testing, BRACHYDANIO, SARGASSUM, CLINICAL trials
Abstract

Introduction: In the field of biomedicine, marine algae have gained significant attention due to the abundance of bioactive compounds they contain. However, studies on the chronic toxicity of algae are limited. Aim: To evaluate the in-vitro, in-vivo acute, and subchronic toxicity of Sargassum tenerrimum (S. tenerrimum) in an adult zebrafish model. Materials and Methods: The current preclinical toxicological interventional study was conducted at the Department of Pharmacology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, SRIHER, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, in September 2022. The algae S. tenerrimum was extracted with methanol using Soxhlet extraction. In-vitro toxicity of S. tenerrimum was performed using the MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay on the SH-SY5Y cell line. Acute toxicity was carried out for 96 hours according to Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 203 guidelines, and subchronic toxicity was carried out for 14 days on the zebrafish model using the immersion method. Additionally, histopathological changes were observed after the acute toxicity study, and the Lethal Concentration 50 (LC50) value was analysed. Results: The MTT assay of the methanolic extract of S. tenerrimum revealed an LC50 value of 140.014 µg/mL. An acute toxicity study conducted on zebrafish for 96 hours showed an LC50 value of 504.669 mg/L. Subchronic toxicity was done for 14 days, and on the 14th day of exposure, the LC50 value was found to be 404.196 mg/L. Histopathological changes were observed at higher concentrations (800 mg/L) of algal extract. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the methanolic extract of S. tenerrimum showed a toxic effect at higher concentrations on the zebrafish model. However, at lower concentrations, S. tenerrimum was deemed safe for further exploration of pharmacological activities in a zebrafish model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. In Silico and In Vitro Screening of Ethanolic Extract of Fruits of Withania Coagulans against Diabetes

Author

Gopinathan Narasimhan, Sahina Begum Meeran, and Umamaheswari Subburaya

Subjects
Withania coagulans, chemistry.chemical_classification, food.ingredient, Traditional medicine, In silico, Biology, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Enzyme, chemistry, Withanolide, Docking (molecular), Alpha-glucosidase, medicine, biology.protein, Pharmacology (medical), Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), IC50, Acarbose, medicine.drug
Abstract

Context: In Ayurveda, the use of Withania coagulans a member of solanaceae is spotlighted. It is endowed in the east of the Mediterranean region, South Asia and India, the plant is found in the parts of Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat and Rajasthan. Aim: To evaluate the in-silico and in-vitro anti-diabetic activity of extracts of fruits of Withania coagulans against the target alpha- glucosidase is the intention of the present study. Methods: The anti- diabetic activity of Withania coagulans were initially studied by molecular docking of the phyto- constituents present in the fruits and the target proteins using the Maestero Glide software Schrodinger 2018. In vitro studies for the ethanolic extract against alpha glucosidase enzyme was performed. Results: Molecular docking of the phyto- constituents present in the fruits, withanolide A showed good interaction and high dock score against a- glucosidase and but it doesn’t show hydrogen bond interaction with PPAR- ?. It exhibited an IC50 value of 314.3% and was compared with the standard acarbose. Conclusions: Hence it is concluded that on increasing the concentration of the extract, a significant IC50 value can be obtained. This will be helpful in finding more potent anti- diabetic drug from the natural resources.Withanolide A showed good interaction and docking score against a- glucosidase and DPP-4 but it doesn’t show interaction with PPAR-?. Hence withanolide A can be used as an anti- diabetic agent against a- glucosidase. In future withanolide A the constituent present in the fruits can be targeted against the alpha glucosidase enzyme.

Published
2020

3. Comparison of rapid methods PBP2′ detection, ORSAB and mecA for detection of methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a tertiary care centre, Chennai, India

Author

Umamaheswari Subburaya and Latha Jayaraman

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, business.industry, SCCmec, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease_cause, Tertiary care, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Latex fixation test, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, food, Medical microbiology, Parasitology, Poster Presentation, Medicine, Agar, business
Abstract

Method Fifty isolates of MRSA from different specimens like blood, urine, exudates and respiratory were collected from 2010 to 2011. MRSA screen slide latex agglutination test kit (Denka Seikan, Japan) was used for PBP2′ detection and Oxacillin Resistant Screen Agar Base (ORSAB) with supplement (Oxoid Ltd., UK) was used for detection of MRSA from the isolates with ATCC controls. The detection of mecA gene in the MRSA isolates was considered as the reference method for determining the sensitivity of each phenotype rapid method studied.

Published
2014

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