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The effects of uridine and its monophosphoryl derivative on the level of the main biochemical markers of myocardial damage in the blood and on the electrical activity of the heart were investigated in a rat model of cardiomyopathy induced by isoprenaline. It was shown that administration of isoprenaline (150 mg/kg, subcutaneously) caused an increase in the activity of serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), leading to an elevated AST/ALT ratio (De Ritis ratio), and enhanced activity of lactate dehydrogenase in blood lymphocytes, which confirms the development of myocardial damage in experimental animals. ECG analysis revealed prolongation of the RR, P-R, QT, and QTc intervals and the QRS complex, indicating that the duration of both depolarization and repolarization phases increased relative to the duration of the cardiac cycle in rats with isoprenaline-induced myocardial damage. Preliminary administration of uridine and uridine-5'-monophosphate to experimental animals at a dose of 30 mg/kg equally effectively prevented an increase in the enzymatic activity of AST and the De Ritis ratio, led to a decrease in the duration of P-R, QRS, QT, and QTc intervals, and partially normalized the metabolic activity of rat blood lymphocytes. These findings suggest that uridine and uridine-5'-monophosphate have a similar protective effect on the contractile function of cardiomyocytes and can be considered as agents for metabolic therapy in the treatment of ischemic heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A short period of disuse of 1-2 weeks due to factors such as illness or injury can lead to muscle atrophy, affecting both athletic performance and health. Recent research has shown that uridine 5'-monophosphate (5'-UMP) can counteract disuse-induced muscle atrophy by increasing PGC-1a expression and inhibiting atrogin-1 expression. However, the effect of 5'-UMP on disuse muscle atrophy in humans remains unknown. Therefore, the aimed of this study was to explore the effects of 5'-UMP supplementation during detraining on short-term disuse muscle atrophy in healthy men. Methods: Following a 6-week resistance training program on upper arm, healthy men were randomized to either a UMP group (n=11) or a placebo group (n=10), taking their respective supplements during the 2-week detraining period. Muscle thickness, an indicator of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, was measured at 3 positions (MT50, MT60, and MT70) at baseline, 1 week, and 2 weeks after detraining. Results: Both groups showed a significant decrease in muscle thickness at MT70. The relative decrease was greater in the placebo group (2.4 ± 2.8%) than in the UMP group (0.0 ± 2.0%), significantly (p = 0.034) at 1 week. However, no significant difference was observed at MT50 and MT60. Conclusion: After the hypertrophy, 5'-UMP may prevent muscle atrophy due to the detraining within the first week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic abnormalities contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity and its complications. Yet, the understanding of the interactions between critical metabolic pathways that underlie obesity remains to be improved, in part owing to the lack of comprehensive metabolomics studies that reconcile data from both hydrophilic and lipophilic metabolome analyses that can lead to the identification and characterization of key signaling networks. Here, the study conducts a comprehensive metabolomics analysis, surveying lipids and hydrophilic metabolites of the plasma and omental adipose tissue of obese individuals and the plasma and epididymal adipose tissue of mice. Through these approaches, it is found that a significant accumulation of ceramide due to inhibited sphingolipid catabolism, while a significant reduction in the levels of uridine monophosphate (UMP), is critical to pyrimidine biosynthesis. Further, it is found that UMP administration restores sphingolipid homeostasis and can reduce obesity in mice by reversing obesity‐induced inhibition of adipocyte hypoxia inducible factor 2a (Hif2α) and its target gene alkaline ceramidase 2 (Acer2), so as to promote ceramide catabolism and alleviate its accumulation within cells. Using adipose tissue Hif2α‐specific knockout mice, the study further demonstrates that the presence of UMP can alleviate obesity through a HIF2α‐ACER2‐ceramide pathway, which can be a new signaling axis for obesity improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on the factors behind the introduction of restrictive immigration and integration policy in France between 2002 and 2012, which is closely associated with Nicholas Sarkozy and his party Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). Using the evidence from semi-structured interviews, conducted with The Republicans (UMP) elected representatives, political advisors and civil servants, the paper argues that the introduction of restrictive immigration policies is explained not only through electoral pressure from the radical right Front National, but also by publics' perceived economic concerns, cultural anxieties around Islam, as well as the effects of the EU integration. The paper also contributes to immigration policy liberalisation scholarship, by highlighting the importance of non-economic benefits migration brings, which take a form of soft power, as a way to increase French influence (rayonnement) in the world, contrary to the previous literature that explains liberalisation from economic advantages of skilled migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeA short period of disuse of 1–2 weeks due to factors such as illness or injury can lead to muscle atrophy, affecting both athletic performance and health. Recent research has shown that uridine 5′-monophosphate (5′-UMP) can counteract disuse-induced muscle atrophy by increasing PGC-1α expression and inhibiting atrogin-1 expression. However, the effect of 5′-UMP on disuse muscle atrophy in humans remains unknown. Therefore, the aimed of this study was to explore the effects of 5′-UMP supplementation during detraining on short-term disuse muscle atrophy in healthy men.MethodsFollowing a 6-week resistance training program on upper arm, healthy men were randomized to either a UMP group (n = 11) or a placebo group (n = 10), taking their respective supplements during the 2-week detraining period. Muscle thickness, an indicator of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy, was measured at 3 positions (MT50, MT60, and MT70) at baseline, 1 week, and 2 weeks after detraining.ResultsBoth groups showed a significant decrease in muscle thickness at MT70. The relative decrease was greater in the placebo group (2.4 ± 2.8%) than in the UMP group (0.0 ± 2.0%), significantly (p = 0.034) at 1 week. However, no significant difference was observed at MT50 and MT60.ConclusionAfter the hypertrophy, 5′-UMP may prevent muscle atrophy due to the detraining within the first week.

Let SPd be the class of all multivariate sign and permutation invariant densities and SPD be the corresponding class of distribution functions. The class of all distributions corresponding to a positive power of the members of SPD is called the Power Skew Symmetric class of distributions and it is denoted by PSS. We consider the problem of inference associated with the nonnegative power, in the PSS class, with a member of SPD as a nuisance parameter. As the structural forms of the members of PSS are not known, one can't directly use the sufficiency, invariance, or likelihood function. Hence by using certain properties of the SPD and the PSS classes, we identify maximal statistics whose distributions depend only on the power but not on the members of SPD. We then use the concept of minimal dimensionality for retaining the information about the parameter of interest. We use the minimax criterion, which leads to a statistic having Binomial distribution depending only on the parameter of interest. Hence inferences about the parameter of interest can be carried out using the standard methods for the binomial model. A simulation study indicates that the proposed estimator of the power parameter is asymptotically normal and is insensitive to the nuisance parameter. The proposed method is implemented for the analysis of a data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent magnet toroidal motor (PMTM) is a novel spatial motor that integrates toroidal drive system and permanent magnet synchronous motor. The unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) with planet rotor eccentricity is the main cause of vibration in PMTM. In this paper, the analytical model of magnetic field with planet rotor eccentricity is established with the consideration of magnetic flux leakage. The calculation results of eccentric magnetic fields are compared with simulation results of finite element model. Based on the Maxwell tensor method, the analytical model of UMP with planet rotor eccentricity is established. The changes of UMP with initial eccentricity are obtained. The UMP is analyzed with the effects of eccentric distance and angle. The transient variations of UMP are discussed with different eccentric situations respectively. In addition, both simulation and calculation results for UMP have a good agreement, which verifies the validity of analytical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the bonding sites of initial radiation interaction with DNA and to trace the following chemical reaction sequences on the pathway of damage induction, we carry out a spectroscopy XIL (X-ray induced luminescence) using soft X-ray synchrotron radiation. This is a nondestructive analysis of the excited intermediate species produced in a molecular mechanism on the damage induction pathway. We introduce aqueous samples of UMP (uridine-5'-monophosphate) in the vacuum by the use of a liquid micro-jet technique. The luminescence in the region of UV-VIS (from visible to ultraviolet) radiation induced after the absorption of monochromatic soft X-ray by aqueous UMP is measured with sweeping the soft X-ray energy in the region of 370–560 eV. The enhanced XIL intensities for aqueous UMP in the region of soft X-ray of 410–530 eV (in "water window" region) are obtained. The enhancement of XIL intensities in the UV-VIS region, relative to the water control, is explained by the excitation and ionization of a K-shell electron of nitrogen atoms in the uracil moiety. The enhanced XIL intensities do not match the structure of XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) of the aqueous UMP. This suggests that the XIL intensities reflect the quantum yields of luminescence, or the quantum yields for conversion by UMP of an absorbed X-ray into UV-VIS radiation. In this paper, spectra of luminescence are shown to be resolved by combining low pass filters. The filtered luminescence spectra are obtained at the center of gravity (λc) of the band pass wavelength regions at λc = 270nm, 295 nm, 340 nm, 385 nm, 450 nm, and 525 nm., which show a trend similar to the fluorescence of nucleobases induced by ultraviolet radiation. It is concluded that the origin of the observed XIL is the hydrated uracil moiety in aqueous UMP, decomposition of which is suppressed by the migration of excess charge and internal energy after the double ionization due to Auger decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we aim at explaining a specific type of heterogeneity in the euro area pertaining to the diverging responses of countries and sectors to the European Central Bank's Unconventional Monetary Policy. Equipped with stock markets indices of 17 sectors for each euro area country, we first preform an event-study analysis to assess the reaction of the markets. Next, we regress the responses on a set of country-specific drivers. Our main findings show that variables related to the nature of banking industry (e.g. cost-to-income, return on assets), macroeconomic environment (e.g. gross debt) and macroprudential policy all contribute to observe diverging responses to ECB's monetary policies. While some sectors and countries responded more negatively than positively to the policies, the Unconventional Monetary Policy impacts the markets positively on average. A policy implication is that the heterogeneous response calls for domestic structural reforms that should target the discrepancies in the banking and the macroeconomic environments across euro area countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In response to the "Great Recession and Global Financial Crisis", central banks had to deploy unconventional monetary policies (UMP) in order to fight the severe impact of the crisis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the dynamic shock of unconventional monetary policies through earning heterogeneity, income composition, and portfolio channels on income inequality in emerging economies covering the period 2000–2019, using the panel vector autoregressive (PVAR) model. A PVAR model was designed for this study because of its ability to address the dynamics of numerous entities considered in parallel. The findings suggest that the UMPs used by these countries' central banks may have increased income inequality through all of the channels investigated in this study, as a shock to unconventional monetary policy results in a positive response in income inequality. Even when pre-tax income, held by the top 10%, is adopted to measure income inequality, the study yields similar results. It is evident that a central bank's objective is and should be to fulfil its mandate of achieving maximum employment and price stability, thus bringing wide economic benefits. Thus, some forms of policies are more appropriate for addressing concerns about inequality (income policy or fiscal policy) than others. However, the current study alerts the central bank to the fact that monetary policies may have a wounding impact on income inequality. Therefore, the central banks should consider the cost of monetary policies on income inequality when drafting or implementing these kinds of policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, superposition methods including the superposition of a single stator tooth and the superposition of a single rotor tooth, are proposed to predict the open-circuit performances of flux-reversal permanent magnet (FRPM) machines. By the proposed superposition methods, the electromagnetic performances, such as air-gap flux density, electromotive force, cogging torque, and unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) are investigated and verified by 2D finite element analysis (FEA). Further, according to the superposition methods, cogging torque reduction techniques can be acquired from both stator side and rotor side. In addition, the influence of stator-slot/rotor-pole-pairs (slot/pole) combination on UMP is also studied, and consequently, a reasonable slot/pole combination rule is suggested to avoid UMP. Then, an improved configuration for UMP reduction is also investigated and verified by FEA. Finally, the prototype machines are manufactured and tested to further verify the theoretical analysis and FEA predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the effect and safety based on a comparative analysis between flexible ureteroscope and ultra mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy to treat kidney stone with a diameter of less than 2cm. Methods: 200 patients suffering kidney stone with a diameter of less than 2cm were, 100 patients of which were treated by laser lithotripsy through flexible ureteroscope (FURS), and the other 100 patients of which were treated by laser lithotripsy through ultra mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (UMP). The two groups of patients were observed and compared in terms of the time of operating, the blood loss, the time of getting out of bed after surgery, the stone clearance rate, the time of hospital stay, and the incidence of postoperative complications. Results: The two groups of patients have neither been punctured, nor have failed in placing the scope. The position of double J tube was normalized after 3-6 days of postoperative. There are no significant differences concerning the incidence rate of complications and stone clearance (P＞0.05); for blood loss in surgery, time of operative, time of getting out of bed after operative, the FURS group are all less than the UMP group, and the differences are of statistical significance (P＜0.01). There are 5 cases of complications for the FURS group, but the symptoms recover soon after suitable treatment. Transfer surgey is never needed. In comparison, there is no complications such as blood loss or serious inflammation needed deal with in the UMP group. Conclusions: Compared with UMP, FURS is safer with higher comfort and better effect. In clinical treatment of kidney stone with a diameter of less than 2 cm, FURS should be given priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field-path-kinetic coupling and the multi-body dynamics models were established and the finite element method (FEM) was used to study the coupled vibrations of motorized spindle. The results show that the frequency is mainly 1 fr at low speeds, fractional-octave and 1fr at high-speed only the bearing force. The orbit of bearing transitions is from a more pronounced circle to an approximately circular shape, while the rotor changes from a rule to a random pattern. The front bearing is more obvious than the rear and the orbits are always round; the radius of the orbit at the front bearing gradually increases as the speed increases. The result is the vibration displacement changes more significantly close to the spindle end and the amplitude increases accordingly. The experimental results show that operating conditions are closer to the normal, the influence of unbalanced magnetic pull can be neglected, the bearing selection and assembly are reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the effects of uridine 5monophosphate (UMP) intake on daily and acute stress and mental fatigue. Methods: Twenty-four healthy volunteers who were stressed in their daily life were randomly assigned to take oral UMP (1000 mg/day) or placebo. To assess the effects of UMP on daily stress and fatigue, subjects took UMP or placebo for 7 days, and were assessed using four different questionnaires before UMP or placebo administration on day 8. Examinations to assess acute stress and fatigue were also performed after UMP or placebo administration on day 8. After ingesting UMP or placebo on day 8, the subjects underwent four sets of assessments, including a 30-minute Uchida- Kraepelin psychodiagnostic test as well as a 30-minute advanced trail-making test to induce acute stress (4-hour mental workload). Following testing, there was a 4-hour recoveiy period. Following a 2-week washout period, the same procedures were followed, but the groups were reversed; the UMP subjects took placebo and the placebo subjects took UMP. Results: The subjective scores before ingestion on day 8 (i.e" after 7 days of UMP or placebo administration) were significantly improved by UMP in three out of the four assessments (Public Health Research Foundation Stress Check List Short Form, Chalder Fatigue Scale, and Profile of Mood States-Brief Form). On day 8, no apparent increase in work efficiency during the mental workload was observed with UMP administration. Measurements of the acceleration pulse wave after ingestion on day 8 suggest that UMP can modulate the autonomic nervous system. Conclusion: Chronic oral UMP administration can help to relieve daily stress and fatigue. UMP is considered a promising material for the relief of daily stress and fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of new percutaneous technique ("ultra-mini PCNL", UMP), shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) and flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) on the treatment of 1–2 cm lower pole kidney stones, and to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was based on data collected from the files of patients between March 2015 and March 2017. This study recruited a total of 180 patients with single radio-opaque lower caliceal calculi of 1–2 cm. All patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A was treated with UMP, group B was treated with FURS by using holmium laser and group C was treated with SWL by using the electromagnetic lithotripter. The average age, sex, size of the stone, the time of operation, the rate of no stone, the time of hospitalization, the rate of retreatment, the cost and the complications of the 3 groups were compared. The success of the operation was defined as no residual stone or < 0.3 cm on computed tomography at 3 months postoperatively. Results: The stone burdens of the groups were equivalent. The re-treatment rate in group C was significantly higher than that in group A and B (30 vs. 1.6%, 5%). The average operating time in group B (93.35 ± 21.64 min) was statistically significantly longer than that in group A and C (68.58 ± 15.82 min, 46.33 ± 5.81 min). Although the time of hospitalization of group A (5.32 ± 1.20 day) was longer than that of group B (3.22 ± 0.52 day) and C (1.08 ± 0.28 day; p < 0.05). The stone-free rate (SFR) in UMP, FURS, SWL were 98, 92, and 73% respectively; the highest SFR was in the UMP group (p < 0.05). The complication rates were evaluated by using the Clavien grading system, which were determined to be 16.67% in UMP, 6.67% in SWL and 8.33% in FURS. In particular, the complications of GI and GII were more common in group A (p < 0.05). Conclusions: UMP, FURS, and SWL are all safe and effective in the treatment of 1–2 cm lower pole kidney stones. UMP and FURS had a better SFR than SWL, but the time of hospitalization in UMP group was longer and there were more complications in the UMP group. In addition, the operation time of FURS is longer as compared to UMP and SWL, and there is a higher rate of postoperative fever. The invasiveness and cost of SWL were lower than that of UMP and FURS, but the re-treatment rate was higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the active magnetic bearing (AMB) system for high-speed permanent magnet (PM) machine has been studied. It includes the coupled action between radial magnetic bearings due to the journal inclination and the coupled action of the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) upon the lateral vibration in a rotor system in addition to the gyroscopic action. It also takes into account the electrical differential equation of system. Firstly, a dynamic model of the 4-DOF rotor-AMBs system is established by adopting the PID control arithmetic and simulated by using software MATLAB/SIMULINK. Secondly, with the method of Fourier Series, the UMP in the high-speed PM machine, caused by relative eccentricity, is calculated theoretically and proved by using software ANSOFT. Finally, a comprehensive AMB control system for PM machine has been established and verified by simulations. It has provided theoretic guidance for the design AMB system for rotating machinery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial memory can improve cache recovery in scatter-hoarding mammals; however, we lack knowledge about how spatial memory affects scatter-hoarding behavior. Captive-reared Siberian chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus) were orally dosed with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and uridine-5-monophosphate (UMP) for 6 weeks to test if improved spatial memory affects scatter hoarding. Oral administration of DHA and UMP significantly increased the relative size of hippocampi of the chipmunks and increased concentration of hippocampal DHA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Consequently, spatial ability of chipmunks in a Y-maze was significantly improved after administration of DHA and UMP. More importantly, chipmunks that received DHA and UMP scatter hoarded more seeds than control animals. This study shows that scatter hoarding in a mammal is associated with improvement in spatial memory, suggesting the potential role of spatial memory in determining food-hoarding behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To identify the precise early radiation processes of DNA lesions, we measure electron kinetic energy spectra emitted from uridine-5’ monophosphate (UMP) in aqueous solution for the photoionization of the N 1s orbital electron and for the following Auger effect using a monochromatic soft X-ray synchrotron radiation at energies above the nitrogen K-shell ionization threshold. The change of photoelectron spectra for UMP in aqueous solutions at different proton concentrations (pH = 7.5 and 11.3) is ascribed to the chemical shift of the N3 nitrogen atom in uracil moiety of canonical and deprotonated forms. The lowest double ionization potentials for aqueous UMP at different pH obtained from the Auger electron spectra following the N 1s photoionization values show the electrostatic aqueous interaction of uracil moiety of canonical (neutral) and deprotonated (negatively charged) forms with hydrated water molecules.

In addition to providing an extremely clean environment for primary loop of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTR), the primary helium circulator (PHC) using electromagnetic levitation technology also provides an effective means for vibration control. Besides synchronous vibration produced by mass imbalance and sensor runout, double-frequency vibration produced by unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) is serious in PHC engineering prototype (PHC-EP). In this paper, we firstly analyzed the mechanism of UMP and the multi-frequency vibration characteristics in combination with the PHC-EP. Then we put forward a distributed iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm and a parallel control scheme to suppress the periodic vibrations. Finally, we verified the methods by carrying out experimental researches on the active magnetic bearing (AMB) bench of PHC-EP. The results show that the methods put forward in this paper have significant control effect on the double-frequency vibration generated by UMP of the PHC-EP and provide theoretical and practical references for the PHC safe operation in HTR.

In educational and psychological measurement when short test forms are used, the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimator of the person parameter of item response models does not hold. As a result, hypothesis tests or confidence intervals of the person parameter based on the normal distribution are likely to be problematic. Inferences based on the exact distribution, on the other hand, do not suffer from this limitation. However, the computation involved for the exact distribution approach is often prohibitively expensive. In this paper, we propose a general framework for constructing hypothesis tests and confidence intervals for IRT models within the exponential family based on exact distribution. In addition, an efficient branch and bound algorithm for calculating the exact p value is introduced. The type-I error rate and statistical power of the proposed exact test as well as the coverage rate and the lengths of the associated confidence interval are examined through a simulation. We also demonstrate its practical use by analyzing three real data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetries in permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) can result from manufacturing tolerances or optimization techniques that deliberately introduce them on rotor, stator, or both. This paper analyzes the impact of such unbalance on the air gap pressure, that is radial and tangential to the direction of motion, by means of Maxwell Stress Tensor; also, their consequences on torque pulsations and unbalanced magnetic pulling. Neglecting the manufacturing variations in the analysis of high power density PMSMs underestimates the resultant torque ripple. Additionally, new vibration modes occur due to unbalanced radial pressure. On the other hand, a geometry optimized to minimize torque ripple through controlled asymmetry is investigated, the approach compensates harmonics in torque effectively, but such compensation does not have the same effect on radial forces. Finite element analysis and experimentation are used to support the analysis and it is found that an asymmetric PMSM with low torque ripple will not necessarily produce lower vibrations and noise. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Objective: Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which Aβ accumulation occurs, causes synaptic loss, and impaired functional brain connectivity. Synapses are composed of lipid membranes, and most occur in prenatal and early postnatal periods. In AD, changes in lipid metabolism cause an increase in Aβ accumulation. Choline (Ch), uridine monophosphate (UMP), and fish oil (FO) play important role in the synthesis of membrane lipids, and these supplements enhance memory and learning by increasing specific protein levels and dendritic density in pre-and postsynaptic membranes. It is believed that taking this triple nutritional supplement during the prenatal and lactation period will prevent synapse loss and support synaptogenesis. We aimed to investigate the impact of these nutrients given as membrane precursors during prenatal and lactation periods on synaptogenesis. Methods: Dams in the experimental group were fed with Ch, UMP, and FO combinations until offspring were weaned. Experiments were done on transgenic and non-transgenic offspring. Hippocampal tissues were obtained from 6- and 9- month-old animals. The effects of congo red staining on amyloid deposition and changes in the expression of PSD-95, neurofilament, and synaptophysin, which are markers of synaptogenesis, were investigated. Additionally, the terminal area and the length of the synapses of the hippocampus were evaluated in the images obtained by transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed changes in the expression of PDS-95, neurofilament, and synaptophysin, as well as terminal area and synapse length in experimental groups. Conclusion: Our findings will contribute to the development of neuroprotective dietary supplements as a preventive measure. Grant declaration: This study is supported by TUB‹TAK (219S307). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The built-in motor of the motorized spindle is the key to realizing its movement. However, the unbalanced magnetic pull (UMP) generated in the built-in motor seriously affects its dynamic stability. In this work, a generalized time-varying dynamic model of the motorized spindle is proposed to evaluate the effect of dynamic loads on the spindle system. The external dynamic loads on the spindle mainly include the UMP generated by the built-in motor, the nonlinear restoring force of the bearing, and the eccentric excitation of the system mass. Considering the change of magnetic path caused by the dynamic displacement of the rotor, the radial and axial projection model and additional torque model of UMP are proposed. Numerical simulations are employed to handle the dynamical equation containing the time-varying UMP function. Based on the simulation results, the effects of built-in motor parameters, bearing parameters, rotor static eccentricity, and other factors on the dynamic characteristics of the spindle system are analyzed. The numerical results of the vibrations are verified experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The characteristics of magnetic field and vibration in a permanent magnet synchronous motor were investigated through electromagnetic finite element simulations and laboratory measurements. • Based on virtual work principle, the distribution of unbalanced magnetic pull under different eccentric condition were obtained. • The distribution of time-domain signal measured in experiment was different from that under weaken coupled condition, which could be caused by frame vibration. Manufacturing error and air-gap deformation are the most common cause of unbalanced magnetic pull force, which influence the stable operation of rotating machinery. In this paper, the characteristics of magnetic field and vibration in a permanent magnet synchronous motor were investigated through electromagnetic finite element simulations and laboratory measurements. The results of vibration acceleration and electromagnetic features measured in simulation and experiment were discussed by signal demodulation method. Based on virtual work principle, the distribution of unbalanced magnetic pull under different eccentric condition were obtained. Focusing on existence of coupling relationship between electromagnetic field and mechanical frame, the signal demodulation method based on principal component analysis was applied for extracting modulation features in experimental frame. It was found that the amplitude modulation of magnetic flux density and vibration acceleration signal enhanced. Nevertheless, the distribution of time-domain signal measured in experiment was different from that under weaken coupled condition, which could be caused by frame vibration. The aim of this paper is to reveal the modulation features of motor, which could provide engineering references for the fault diagnosis of a rotating machinery system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thyroid pathology is notoriously fraught with high interobserver variability, and follicular-patterned tumors are among some of the most challenging to assess accurately and reproducibly. Given that encapsulated or well-circumscribed follicular-patterned tumors often have similar molecular profiles, that is, frequent RAS or RAS-like alterations, the diagnosis usually relies on histopathologic examination alone. Unfortunately, many of the features that are used for diagnosis and prognosis of these tumors have long been controversial and frequently debated topics, both due to their subjectivity and their evolving (or not yet resolved) definitions. In more recent years, the introduction of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features has added further complexity to this discussion. In particular, the criteria and significance of nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma, architectural patterns, and invasive growth still pose significant diagnostic challenges and confusion. This review explores some of the challenges in evaluating encapsulated follicular-patterned tumors, focusing on those histologic elements., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The protonation equilibria of uridine 5′-monophosphate disodium salt (UMP) was determined in binary solvent mixtures of water-methanol containing 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, and 50 % (v/v) methanol, using a combination of spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods at 25 °C and constant ionic strength (0.1 mol·dm NaClO). The protonation constants were analyzed using Kamlet, Abboud, and Taft parameters. A good linear correlation of the protonation constants (on the logarithmic scale) was obtained. Dual-parameter correlation of log K versus π* (dipolarity/polarizability) and α (hydrogen-bond donor acidity), as well as π* and β (hydrogen-bond acceptor basicity), gave good results in various aqueous solutions of methanol. Finally, the results are compared with CMP, a homolog of UMP, and are discussed in terms of the effect of the solvent on the protonation constants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long before the 2011 renewal of the Senate took place, some commentators had already decreed that the results of the 2008 municipal elections meant that the Senate would fall to the left. These predictions came true, but the left's conquest of the upper house was not simply the result of fortunate electoral conjuncture. The efforts of the Socialist party and its allies to win over the local notables have been a long process and have seen a noticeable shift in rhetoric and strategy. In September 2011, the strategy paid off, and began what the left hoped would become a grand slam of the Luxembourg, Élysée and Bourbon Palaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]