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Background: Porcine cysticercosis, caused by Cysticercus cellulosae a larval stage of adult Taenia solium, is a zoonotic parasitic disease where pigs harbour intermediate stage and human being acts as a definite host. The people of north eastern region of India are mostly non-vegetarian and consumption of pork is very much preferred by the people of this region. Hence, it is essential to detect C. cellulosae infections in pork. But traditional method of detection of C. cellulosae by post mortem examination of pork has disadvantages like need of expert and may be over lookedin case of light infections. Molecular diagnosis have been reported to be highly specific and sensitive for its diagnosis. Keeping in view of the above, the present study on molecular detection of larval cestode C. cellulosae of pigs was undertaken. A study on phylogenetic relation of C. cellulosae of pigs or human Taenae solium of this region was done to know its relation with other parts of the world, as not yet done so far. Methods: A total of 654 pig carcasses in 17 market places of three prime districts of state Arunachal Pradesh, India were examined to detect Cysticercus cellulosae of pigs. The cysticerci samples were obtained manually from the infected muscles and organs of the infected pigs that were preserved in phosphate buffer saline until DNA extraction. Stool samples of human patients who attended out-patient department (OPD) of Community Health Centers, Nursing homes and District etc. of study area of Aunachal Pradesh, India were collected randomly and examined by salt flotation technique for the presence of T. solium eggs. The segments of tapeworm voided by patientswere then identified for species identification and T. solium segments were collected in normal saline solutions (NSS) after clearing the debris and faecal materials. Genomic DNA extraction from 3-4 numbers of cysticerci and T. solium segments collected from affected human being were extractedusing a spin column kit (D Neasy tissue kit: QUIGEN). The technique polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with published primers were used for molecular detection of C. cellulosae and to get molecular (PCR) products of T. solium for further study. The mitochondrial gene cytochrome b oxidase subunit was amplified by PCR. The PCR products were purified, sequenced and phylogenetic tree was constructed using the neighbor-joining method. Result: The present study recorded a PCR amplification of cytochrome b oxidase genes with a definite product size of 1068 bp from DNA extracted from C. cellulosae and T. solium. The product size obtained from C. cellulosae will be helpful for meat inspection by molecular detection of C. cellulosae infections in pork. The present finding signifies that the same genomic isolate of both the larval cestode and adult parasite of T. solium is prevailing in the study areas. The neighbors-joining phylogenic tree shows close similarity of the present isolates with that prevailing in other South East Asian countries and thus it can be assumed from the present finding that the same genotypic isolate of T. solium parasite is prevalent in the whole of South East Asian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoa, infects the upper digestive system of pigeon and causing a condition called canker, characterized by development of granulomatous lesions in the buccal cavity, crop, proventriculus, gizzard and liver of affected birds causing mortality upto 90% in squabs. Systemic research on prevalence and pathology of T. gallinae in pigeons are scant in India. The present work was carried out to document the prevalence and pathology of T. gallinae in pigeons of Assam. Methods: During the one- year study period, throat swab samples were collected from households, market places and temple premises in 4 districts of Assam. A total of 324 birds were examined by wet mount and Giemsa staining methods for detection of T. gallinae. Naturally died carcasses were studied for gross and histopathological alteration in different organs. Result and Conclusion: In the present study prevalence of T. gallinae was found 26.85% and squabs were highly susceptible with 56.25 percent. Sex wise, comparatively higher prevalence was observed in females (33.54%) than in the males (20.48%). Seasonality study revealed highest prevalence during winter. Gross pathological alteration characterized by yellowish white caseo-necrotic haemorrhagic lesion in the upper digestive tract beginning with the oral cavity and lesions also found in liver and lungs. Histopathological alteration also recorded in different organs. In the liver sinusoidal congestion and kupffer cell hyperplasia were observed. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in the thickened inter alveolar space of lungs also recorded. Further study is required to identify the prevalent strains of T. gallinae on the basis of pathogenicity in this geographic region and immunology of T. gallinae in pigeons and other hosts remain to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which compares the efficacy of strip and pinch skin autogrfts in canine limb wounds management is noted. Methods and materials used in the study, which included 12 healthy adult mongrel dogs of either sex are offered, Results citing the superiority of pinch autogafts and gross acceptance of implanted graft in both the groups are discussed.

The study compared histopathological observation of strip and pinch skin autografts for the management of experimental limb wounds in canines. Twelve apparently healthy adult mongrel dogs were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups. After attaining surgical anaesthesia, 5cm x 2.5cm wounds were created over the anterior aspect of each metatarsal region. Strip skin autografting was undertaken on left limb in group-1 and pinch skin autografting was undertaken on left limb of group-2. Histopathological studies were made on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day to observe the changes and showed early neovascularization, better organization of connective tissue and hair growth in pinch graft as compared to strip graft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on a study that compared the use of a herbal mixture and Toxiwin in the treatment of aflatoxicosis in commercial day-old broiler chicks. Toxiwin is a herbal product marketed by Sarabai Zydus Animal Health Pvt. Ltd. of Vadorara, India. Those that were given diets with herbal additives had good results but the best results came from those that received Toxiwin. It was found that the broilers that were given capsicum had the poorest results.

The article discusses a study of the effectiveness of dietary Ocimum (O) sanctum against aflatoxicosis in broilers. Day-old broiler chicks were reportedly divided into seven treatment groups and fed their rations mixed with doses containing 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 percentages of O. sanctum for six weeks. It is stated that the amelioration effect of O. sanctum at graded levels depends on the dose and that the 0.25% dose indicated the best result.

The article presents a study on the effect of dietary methionine to the hematological parameters of broilers under experimental aflatoxicosis. The study maintained a controlled group and a test group which has been fed with pulverized mouldy rice with Aspergillus parasiticus and blood samples are collected after. Results show that red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV), and cholesterol levels were increased in the test group suggesting that methionine ameliorates aflatoxicosis.

The article presents a study on the effect of feeding muga silk worm pupae meal (MSWPM) on the performance of layer poultry in place of fish meal (FM). FM is used as poultry feed but is often variable, unavailable or adulterated. The pupae of muga silk worm are abundant but are thrown as waste products. It was found that feeding MSWPM had no impact on feed consumption and did not have an impact on age at sexual maturity, hen-day egg production, and yolk index but had an effect on the weight of the egg. Increasing dietary MSWPM also led to poorer shells.