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1. Early warming stress on rainbow trout juveniles impairs male reproduction but contrastingly elicits intergenerational thermotolerance

Author

Neuza Sumico Takahashi, Arno Juliano Butzge, Omar David Moreno Acosta, Tulio Teruo Yoshinaga, Yara Aiko Tabata, Juan I. Fernandino, Ricardo Shohei Hattori, Claudio Oliveira, Eduardo Antônio Sanches, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/Universidad Nacional de San Martín (CONICET/UNSAM), UPD-CJ (APTA/SAA), and Sao Paulo Fisheries Institute (APTA/SAA)

Subjects
Male, Thermotolerance, Infertility, Milt, Gonad, Trout, Offspring, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Reproductive biology, Zoology, Biology, Article, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Animal physiology, Testis, medicine, Animals, Juvenile, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Infertility, Male, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Quiescent gonad, Global warming, Reproduction, medicine.disease, Thermal adaptation, medicine.anatomical_structure, Medicine, Gamete, Female, Rainbow trout, Germ cell
Abstract

The exposure of adult fish to warm or high temperatures is known to impair reproduction, yet the long-term reproductive impacts for treatments at early life are not well clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of warm temperature (WT) during juvenile stage on gonad maturation, gamete quality, and offspring thermotolerance in rainbow trout. While the comparison of basic reproductive parameters in WT females did not reveal any kind of impairment, many WT males showed an atrophied, undeveloped gonad, or a smaller testis with lower milt volume; sperm quality parameters in WT males and deformity rates in the respective progeny were also highly affected. However, despite of such negative effects, many of the remaining progeny presented better rates of survival and growth when exposed to the same conditions as those of parental fish (WT), suggesting that thermal stress in parr stage males elicited intergenerational thermotolerance after a single generation. The present results support that prolonged warming stress during early life stages can adversely affect key reproductive aspects, but contrastingly increase offspring performance at upper thermal ranges. These findings have implications on the capacity of fish to adapt and to cope with global warming. Fil: Butzge, Arno Juliano. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Yoshinaga, Tulio Teruo. Universidade de Sao Paulo; Brasil Fil: Moreno Acosta, Omar David. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina Fil: Fernandino, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús). Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Raúl Alfonsín" (sede Chascomús); Argentina Fil: Sanches, Eduardo Antônio. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Tabata, Yara Aiko. Salmonid Experimental Station At Campos Do Jordão; Brasil Fil: de Oliveira, Claudio. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasil Fil: Takahashi, Neuza Sumico. Centro de Pesquisa de Aquicultura; Brasil Fil: Hattori, Ricardo Shohei. Salmonid Experimental Station at Campos do Jordão; Brasil

Published
2021

2. Differential Expression of dmrt1 in Astyanax scabripinnis (Teleostei, Characidade) Is Correlated with B Chromosome Occurrence

Author

Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Adrade Silva, Ricardo Shohei Hattori, Mateus Henrique Santos, Roberto Ferreira Artoni, Mara Cristina de Almeida, Jonathan Pena Castro, Tulio Teruo Yoshinaga, Fausto Foresti, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), UPD CJ APTA SAA, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG)

Subjects
Fish Proteins, Male, sex determination, Gene Expression, Zoology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Astyanax scabripinnis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Genus, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Differential expression, Gonads, 030304 developmental biology, fish, 0303 health sciences, Teleostei, B chromosome, Sexual differentiation, biology, Characidae, Sex Determination Processes, sex ratio, hermaphroditism, biology.organism_classification, body regions, sex differentiation, %22">Fish , Female, Animal Science and Zoology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Sex ratio, Transcription Factors, dmrt1, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:33:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-18 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundacao Araucaria (Fundacao Araucaria de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico do Estado do Parana) Astyanax is an abundant fish genus in South America. Some species of this group are characterized by the presence of B chromosomes and absence of morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes. In this study, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to characterize mRNA expression of dmrt1 in Astyanax scabripinnis gonads. Maturing gonads of males with the B chromosome overexpressed dmrt1. Our findings suggest that B chromosomes may have an adaptive role in A. scabripinnis sex determination and maintenance. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Programa Posgrad Biol Evolut & Genet Mol, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil UPD CJ APTA SAA, Estacao Expt Salmonicultura Campos do Jordao, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Cirurgia, Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Morfol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Ponta Grossa, Dept Biol Estrutural Mol & Genet, Programa Posgrad Biol Evolut, Ave Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, BR-84030900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Morfol, Botucatu, SP, Brazil CNPq: 407187/2016-2 CAPES: 001 Fundacao Araucaria (Fundacao Araucaria de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico do Estado do Parana): 16174

Published
2019

3. Testicular subcutaneous allografting followed by immunosuppressive treatment promotes maintenance of spermatogonial cells in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Author

Francisco Javier Hernandez-Blazquez, Pedro Kastein Faria da Cunha Bianchi, Ricardo Shohei Hattori, Cristina de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes, Arno Juliano Butzge, Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira, Tulio Teruo Yoshinaga, José Roberto Kfoury Junior, Yara Aiko Tabata, Rennan Lopes Olio, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and UPD CJ APTA SAA

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Immune rejection, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Aquatic Science, Pharmacology, Biology, Organ transplantation, Tacrolimus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, In vivo, parasitic diseases, Testis, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Transplantation, Homologous, ENXERTOS EM ANIMAIS, Histology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Allografts, In vitro, Spermatogonia, Transplantation, Testis graft, surgical procedures, operative, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Surrogate broodstock, Oncorhynchus mykiss, 040102 fisheries, Cyclosporine, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Germ cell, Immunosuppressive Agents
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Germ cell transplantation and testis graft represent promising biotechnologies that can be applied for the reproduction of commercial or endangered species. However, mechanisms of rejection from the host immune system might remove the transplanted donor cells/tissues and limit the surrogate production of gametes. In this work, we administered emulsion containing-immunosuppressants to verify whether they are capable to prevent immune rejection and promote survival of testis allografts in rainbow trout. In the first part of this study, we demonstrated in vitro that tacrolimus and cyclosporine were able to affect viability, inhibit leucocyte proliferation, and suppress il2 expression in vitro. In in vivo experiments, both doses of tacrolimus (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) and the lower dose of cyclosporine (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the expression of il2 in head kidney, three days post-injection. A higher dose of cyclosporine (40 mg/kg) was able to inhibit il2 expression for up to seven days post-injection. In the second part, testis allografts were conducted in fish treated weekly with emulsion containing-tacrolimus. Immunohistochemical, conventional histology, and qRT-PCR (vasa) analysis demonstrated the presence of spermatogonial cells by the fifth week, in animals treated with 0.5 mg/kg of tacrolimus similar as found in autografted group. In the group treated with the highest tacrolimus dose (1.5 mg/kg) and in the non-treated group (without immunosuppressant), no germ cells or their respective markers were detected. il2 expression in head kidney was also suppressed in grafted animals treated with tacrolimus compared to nontreated group. These results suggest that tacrolimus may be a promising immunosuppressant for testis allografts or germ cell transplantation in rainbow trout. Co-administration combining tacrolimus (at lower dose) with other immunosuppressive drugs for inhibiting other activation pathways of the immune system, as performed in human organ transplantation, could be an alternative approach to optimize the immunosuppressive effects in host organisms. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Surg, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci Botucatu, Dept Morphol, BR-18618689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Biomed Sci Inst, Interunit Biotechnol Program, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Cell & Mol Therapy Ctr, Sch Med, Internal Med Dept,NUCEL, BR-05360130 Sao Paulo, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Vet Med & Anim Sci, Dept Pathol, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, Brazil UPD CJ APTA SAA, Salmonid Expt Stn Campos do Jordao, BR-12460000 Campos Do Jordao, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Inst Biosci Botucatu, Dept Morphol, BR-18618689 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2013/17612-9 FAPESP: 2015/20762-8 CNPq: 404583/2016-4 CAPES: 001

Published
2019

4. Differential Expression of Genes Related to Sexual Determination Can Modify the Reproductive Cycle of Astyanax scabripinnis (Characiformes: Characidae) in B Chromosome Carrier Individuals

Author

Mateus Henrique Santos, Jonathan Pena Castro, Ricardo Shohei Hattori, Duílio Mazzoni Zerbinato de Andrade Silva, Orlando Moreira-Filho, Fausto Foresti, Roberto Ferreira Artoni, Mara Cristina de Almeida, Francisco J. Ruiz-Ruano, Tulio Teruo Yoshinaga, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), UPD CJ APTA SAA, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Uppsala Univ, and Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, amh, lcsh:QH426-470, Population, sexual differentiation, foxl2a, Characiformes, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene expression, Genetics, Genetik, education, Gene, Genetics (clinical), education.field_of_study, B chromosome, Sexual differentiation, biology, supernumerary chromosomes, Chromosome, biology.organism_classification, fishes, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Sex ratio
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:43:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundacao Araucaria (Fundacao Araucaria de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico do Estado do Parana) The species complex Astyanax scabripinnis is one of the most studied with respect to origin, distribution, and frequency of B chromosomes, and is considered a model organism for evolutionary studies. Research using population inferences about the occurrence and frequency of the B chromosome shows seasonal variation between sexes, which is associated with the presence of this supernumerary element. We hypothesized that the B chromosome could influence the sex ratio of these animals. Based on this assumption, the present work aimed to investigate if differences exist among levels of gene expression with qRT-PCR of the amh (associated with testicular differentiation) and foxl2a (associated with ovarian differentiation) genes between B-carrier and non-B-carrier individuals. The results showed that for the amh gene, the difference in expression between animals with B chromosomes was not accentuated compared to that in animals without this chromosome. Expression of foxl2a in B-carrier females, however, was reduced by 73.56% compared to females that lacked the B chromosome. Males had no difference in expression of the amh and foxl2a genes between carriers and non-carriers of the B chromosome. Results indicate that the presence of B chromosomes is correlated with the differential expression of sex-associated genes. An analysis of these results integrated with data from other studies on the reproductive cycle in the same species reveals that this difference in expression may be expanding the reproductive cycle of the species. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Dept Genet & Evolucao, Programa Posgrad Biol Evolut & Genet Mol, Rodovia Washington Luis,Km 235, BR-13565905 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil UPD CJ APTA SAA, Estacao Expt Salmonicultura Campos do Jordao, BR-12460000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, Dept Cirurgia, Rua Prof Orlando Marque Paiva, BR-05508270 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Morfol, Dist Rubiao Jr S-N, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Uppsala Univ, Evolutionary Biol Ctr, Dept Ecol & Genet, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden Univ Estadual Ponta Grossa, Dept Biol Estrutural Mol & Genet, Programa Posgrad Biol Evolut, Ave Carlos Cavalcanti 4748, BR-84030900 Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Morfol, Dist Rubiao Jr S-N, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil CNPq: 407187/2016-2 CAPES: 001 Fundacao Araucaria (Fundacao Araucaria de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico do Estado do Parana): 16174

Published
2019

5. Early warming stress on rainbow trout juveniles impairs male reproduction but contrastingly elicits intergenerational thermotolerance.

Author

Butzge AJ, Yoshinaga TT, Acosta ODM, Fernandino JI, Sanches EA, Tabata YA, de Oliveira C, Takahashi NS, and Hattori RS

Subjects
Animals, Female, Infertility, Male etiology, Male, Testis growth & development, Trout growth & development, Reproduction, Thermotolerance, Trout physiology
Abstract

The exposure of adult fish to warm or high temperatures is known to impair reproduction, yet the long-term reproductive impacts for treatments at early life are not well clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of warm temperature (WT) during juvenile stage on gonad maturation, gamete quality, and offspring thermotolerance in rainbow trout. While the comparison of basic reproductive parameters in WT females did not reveal any kind of impairment, many WT males showed an atrophied, undeveloped gonad, or a smaller testis with lower milt volume; sperm quality parameters in WT males and deformity rates in the respective progeny were also highly affected. However, despite of such negative effects, many of the remaining progeny presented better rates of survival and growth when exposed to the same conditions as those of parental fish (WT), suggesting that thermal stress in parr stage males elicited intergenerational thermotolerance after a single generation. The present results support that prolonged warming stress during early life stages can adversely affect key reproductive aspects, but contrastingly increase offspring performance at upper thermal ranges. These findings have implications on the capacity of fish to adapt and to cope with global warming., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2021
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6. Testicular subcutaneous allografting followed by immunosuppressive treatment promotes maintenance of spermatogonial cells in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Author

Yoshinaga TT, Kfoury Júnior JR, Butzge AJ, Olio RL, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, Oliveira Carreira AC, de Oliveira Massoco Salles Gomes C, Bianchi PKFDC, Tabata YA, and Hattori RS

Subjects
Animals, Male, Allografts immunology, Cyclosporine pharmacology, Immunosuppressive Agents pharmacology, Oncorhynchus mykiss surgery, Spermatogonia immunology, Tacrolimus pharmacology, Testis transplantation, Transplantation, Homologous veterinary
Abstract

Germ cell transplantation and testis graft represent promising biotechnologies that can be applied for the reproduction of commercial or endangered species. However, mechanisms of rejection from the host immune system might remove the transplanted donor cells/tissues and limit the surrogate production of gametes. In this work, we administered emulsion containing-immunosuppressants to verify whether they are capable to prevent immune rejection and promote survival of testis allografts in rainbow trout. In the first part of this study, we demonstrated in vitro that tacrolimus and cyclosporine were able to affect viability, inhibit leucocyte proliferation, and suppress il2 expression in vitro. In in vivo experiments, both doses of tacrolimus (0.5 and 1.5 mg/kg) and the lower dose of cyclosporine (20 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the expression of il2 in head kidney, three days post-injection. A higher dose of cyclosporine (40 mg/kg) was able to inhibit il2 expression for up to seven days post-injection. In the second part, testis allografts were conducted in fish treated weekly with emulsion containing-tacrolimus. Immunohistochemical, conventional histology, and qRT-PCR (vasa) analysis demonstrated the presence of spermatogonial cells by the fifth week, in animals treated with 0.5 mg/kg of tacrolimus similar as found in autografted group. In the group treated with the highest tacrolimus dose (1.5 mg/kg) and in the non-treated group (without immunosuppressant), no germ cells or their respective markers were detected. il2 expression in head kidney was also suppressed in grafted animals treated with tacrolimus compared to non-treated group. These results suggest that tacrolimus may be a promising immunosuppressant for testis allografts or germ cell transplantation in rainbow trout. Co-administration combining tacrolimus (at lower dose) with other immunosuppressive drugs for inhibiting other activation pathways of the immune system, as performed in human organ transplantation, could be an alternative approach to optimize the immunosuppressive effects in host organisms., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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7. Activation of stress response axis as a key process in environment-induced sex plasticity in fish.

Author

Hattori RS, Castañeda-Cortés DC, Arias Padilla LF, Strobl-Mazzulla PH, and Fernandino JI

Subjects
Animals, Climate Change, Environment, Epigenesis, Genetic, Female, Fishes genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Male, Sex Differentiation, Stress, Physiological, Fishes physiology, Sex Determination Processes
Abstract

The determination of sex is an important hallmark in the life cycle of organisms, in which the fate of gonads and then the individual sex are defined. In gonochoristic teleost fish, this process is characterized by a high plasticity, considering that in spite of genotypic sex many environmental factors can cause shifts from one to another molecular pathway, resulting in organisms with mismatching genotypic and phenotypic sexes. Interestingly, in most instances, both female-to-male or male-to-female sex-reversed individuals develop functional gonads with normal gametogenesis and respective progenies with full viability. The study of these mechanisms is being spread to other non-model species or to those inhabiting more extreme environmental conditions. Although water temperature is an important mechanism involved in sex determination, there are other environmental stressors affected by the climate change which are also implicated in stress response-induced masculinization in fish. In this regard, the brain has emerged as the transducer of the environment input that can influence the gonadal fate. Furthermore, the evaluation of other environmental stressors or their synergic effect on sex determination at conditions that simulate the natural environments is growing gradually. Within such scope, the concerns related to climate change impacts rely on the fact that many of biotic and abiotic parameters reported to affect sex ratios are expected to increase concomitantly as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions and, particularly worrying, many of them are related to male bias in the populations, such as high temperature, hypoxia, and acidity. These environmental changes can also generate epigenetic changes in sex-related genes affecting their expression, with implications on sex differentiation not only of exposed individuals but also in following generations. The co-analysis of multi-stressors with potential inter- and transgenerational effects is essential to allow researchers to perform long-term predictions on climate change impacts in wild populations and for establishing highly accurate monitoring tools and suitable mitigation strategies.

Published
2020
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8. Differential Expression of Genes Related to Sexual Determination Can Modify the Reproductive Cycle of Astyanax scabripinnis (Characiformes: Characidae) in B Chromosome Carrier Individuals.

Author

Castro JP, Hattori RS, Yoshinaga TT, Silva DMZA, Ruiz-Ruano FJ, Foresti F, Santos MH, Almeida MC, Moreira-Filho O, and Artoni RF

Subjects
Animals, Biological Evolution, Characidae metabolism, Characiformes genetics, Characiformes metabolism, Chromosome Banding methods, Chromosomes genetics, Female, Gene Expression genetics, Genetics, Population methods, Karyotyping methods, Male, Sex Ratio, Characidae genetics, Reproduction genetics, Sex Determination Processes genetics
Abstract

The species complex Astyanax scabripinnis is one of the most studied with respect to origin, distribution, and frequency of B chromosomes, and is considered a model organism for evolutionary studies. Research using population inferences about the occurrence and frequency of the B chromosome shows seasonal variation between sexes, which is associated with the presence of this supernumerary element. We hypothesized that the B chromosome could influence the sex ratio of these animals. Based on this assumption, the present work aimed to investigate if differences exist among levels of gene expression with qRT-PCR of the amh (associated with testicular differentiation) and foxl2a (associated with ovarian differentiation) genes between B-carrier and non-B-carrier individuals. The results showed that for the amh gene, the difference in expression between animals with B chromosomes was not accentuated compared to that in animals without this chromosome. Expression of foxl2a in B-carrier females, however, was reduced by 73.56% compared to females that lacked the B chromosome. Males had no difference in expression of the amh and foxl2a genes between carriers and non-carriers of the B chromosome. Results indicate that the presence of B chromosomes is correlated with the differential expression of sex-associated genes. An analysis of these results integrated with data from other studies on the reproductive cycle in the same species reveals that this difference in expression may be expanding the reproductive cycle of the species.

Published
2019
Full Text
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9. Differential Expression of dmrt1 in Astyanax scabripinnis (Teleostei, Characidade) Is Correlated with B Chromosome Occurrence.

Author

Castro JP, Hattori RS, Yoshinaga TT, Silva DMZA, Foresti F, Santos MH, Almeida MC, and Artoni RF

Subjects
Animals, Female, Fish Proteins metabolism, Gonads embryology, Gonads metabolism, Male, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Transcription Factors metabolism, Characidae genetics, Characidae growth & development, Fish Proteins genetics, Gene Expression genetics, Gonads growth & development, Sex Determination Processes genetics, Transcription Factors genetics
Abstract

Astyanax is an abundant fish genus in South America. Some species of this group are characterized by the presence of B chromosomes and absence of morphologically differentiated sex chromosomes. In this study, we used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to characterize mRNA expression of dmrt1 in Astyanax scabripinnis gonads. Maturing gonads of males with the B chromosome overexpressed dmrt1. Our findings suggest that B chromosomes may have an adaptive role in A. scabripinnis sex determination and maintenance.

Published
2019
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10. Sex determination in Neotropical fish: Implications ranging from aquaculture technology to ecological assessment.

Author

Fernandino JI and Hattori RS

Subjects
Animals, Catfishes genetics, Female, Male, Aquaculture, Ecological and Environmental Phenomena, Fishes physiology, Sex Determination Processes, Tropical Climate
Abstract

The high biodiversity of fish in the Neotropical region contrasts with scarce or biased studies on the mechanisms involved in the sex determination in members of this fauna. In this review, we attempted to compile the information available on determination, differentiation, and manipulation of sex for Neotropical species, with special focus on silversides and other two speciose groups, known as characins (Characiformes) and catfishes (Siluriformes). Currently, there is plenty of information available on chromosomal sex determination systems, which includes both male and female heterogamety with many variations, and sex chromosomes evolution at the macro chromosomal level. However, there is hitherto a blank in information at micro, gene/molecule levels and in research related to the effects of environmental cues on sex determination; most of reported studies are limited to silversides and guppies. In view of such a high diversity, it is critically necessary to establish key model species for relevant Neotropical fish taxa and also multi-disciplinary research groups in order to uncover the main patterns and trends that dictate the mechanisms of sex determination and gonadal differentiation in this icthyofauna. By increasing our knowledge on sex determination/differentiation with the identification of sex chromosome-linked markers or sex-determining genes, characterization of the onset timing of morphological gonadal differentiation, and determination of the environmental-hormonal labile period of gonadal sex determination in reference species, it will be possible to use those information as guidelines for application in other related groups. Overall, the strategic advance in this research field will be crucial for the development of biotechnological tools for aquaculture industry and for conservation of fish fauna from the Neotropical Region., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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