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1. Microbial Diversity in Sulfate-Reducing Marine Sediment Enrichment Cultures Associated with Anaerobic Biotransformation of Coastal Stockpiled Phosphogypsum (Sfax, Tunisia)

Author

Zouch, Hana, Karray, Fatma, Armougom, Fabrice, Chifflet, Sandrine, Hirschler-Réa, Agnès, Kharrat, Hanen, Kamoun, Lotfi, Ben Hania, Wajdi, Ollivier, Bernard, Sayadi, Sami, Quéméneur, Marianne, Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] (IGM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'électronique et des technologies de l'Information [Sfax] (LETI), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Institut de génétique et microbiologie [Orsay] ( IGM ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology ( LETI ), University of Sfax, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)

Subjects
next generation sequencing, Microbiology (medical), [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, anaerobic biotechnology, marine sediment, next- generation sequencing, anaerobes, Microbiology, [ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, bioremediation, sulfate-reducing bacteria, next-generation sequencing, Desulfovibrio, phosphogypsum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Original Research
Abstract

International audience; Anaerobic biotechnology using sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is a promising alternative for reducing long-term stockpiling of phosphogypsum (PG), an acidic (pH ∼3) by-product of the phosphate fertilizer industries containing high amounts of sulfate. The main objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the diversity and ability of anaerobic marine microorganisms to convert sulfate from PG into sulfide, in order to look for marine SRB of biotechnological interest. A series of sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures were performed using different electron donors (i.e., acetate, formate, or lactate) and sulfate sources (i.e., sodium sulfate or PG) as electron acceptors. Significant sulfide production was observed from enrichment cultures inoculated with marine sediments, collected near the effluent discharge point of a Tunisian fertilizer industry (Sfax, Tunisia). Sulfate sources impacted sulfide production rates from marine sediments as well as the diversity of SRB species belonging to Deltaproteobacteria. When PG was used as sulfate source, Desulfovibrio species dominated microbial communities of marine sediments, while Desulfobacter species were mainly detected using sodium sulfate. Sulfide production was also affected depending on the electron donor used, with the highest production obtained using formate. In contrast, low sulfide production (acetate-containing cultures) was associated with an increase in the population of Firmicutes. These results suggested that marine Desulfovibrio species, to be further isolated, are potential candidates for bioremediation of PG by immobilizing metals and metalloids thanks to sulfide production by these SRB.

Published
2017
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2. Consequences of respiration in the light on the determination of production in pelagic systems

Author

V. Tassas, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Olivier Pringault, EGU, Publication, UR 103 Camélia, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Heterotroph, lcsh:Life, chemistry.chemical_element, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Biology, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Oxygen, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], lcsh:QH540-549.5, Respiration, Autotroph, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Ecology, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Primary production, Pelagic zone, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, chemistry, [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Seawater, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract

International audience; Oxygen microprobes were used to estimate Community Respiration (R), Net Community Production (NCP) and Gross Primary Production (GPP) in coastal seawater samples. Using this highly stable and reproducible technique to measure oxygen change during alternating dark and light periods, we show that respiration in the light could account for up to 640% of respiration in the dark. The light enhanced dark respiration can remain elevated for several hours following a 12 h period of illumination. Not including Rlight into calculations of production leads to an underestimation of GPP, which can reach up to 650% in net heterotrophic systems. The production: respiration (P:R) ratio is in turn affected by the higher respiration rates and by the underestimation of GPP. While the integration of Rlight into the calculation of P:R ratio does not change the metabolic balance of the system, it decreases the observed tendency, thus net autotrophic systems become less autotrophic and net heterotrophic systems become less heterotrophic. As a consequence, we propose that efforts have to be focused on the estimation and the integration of Rlight into the determination of GPP and R for a better understanding of the aquatic carbon cycle.

Published
2007

3. Nickel bioaccumulation in bivalves from the New Caledonia lagoon: Seawater and food exposure

Author

Paco Bustamante, Marc Metian, Michel Warnau, Laetitia Hédouin, Olivier Pringault, Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Littoraux Anthropisés (CRELA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] (IAEA-MEL), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Financement PNEC Nouvelle-Calédonie, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, metal, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Sentinel species, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mining, Nickel, Isognomon, Phytoplankton, bioindicator, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, mining activities, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, molluscs, Radiotracer, biology, Metal, Bioindicator, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Molluscs, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, radiotracer, Pollution, Bivalvia, Mining Activities, Seafood, chemistry, Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

The New Caledonian lagoon is submitted to intense heavy metal input from land-based Ni mining. Therefore, the use of sentinel species is strongly recommended in order to develop and implement coastal zone management programmes of the metal contamination. The tropical oysters Isognomon isognomon and Malleus regula and the clam Gafrarium tumidum were previously proposed as such possible sentinel organisms and were thus investigated in this context. The three species were exposed to Ni via seawater or food using radiotracer techniques. Results indicate that uptake and retention efficiencies of Ni are independent of the dissolved Ni concentrations in the surrounding seawater. Hence, for the three species, body concentrations of Ni taken up from the dissolved phase are directly proportional to the ambient dissolved concentrations. Biokinetic patterns indicated that the major part of Ni was rapidly lost from bivalves during the first days of depuration, whereas 7 to 47% of 63 Ni were retained in tissues with a biological half-life not significantly different from infinity. Finally, feeding experiments showed that Ni ingested with food (phytoplankton) was assimilated more efficiently in clams (assimilation efficiency, AE = 61%) than in oysters (AE = 17%), and was strongly retained (Tb1/2 P 35 d) in the tissues of both bivalves. It is concluded that the investigated species examined are efficient bioaccumulators of Ni from both the surrounding seawater and the food, and that they would be useful bioindicators for monitoring the status of Ni contamination in tropical coastal waters. � 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2007
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4. Effects of the colonial cyanobacterium Trichodesmium spp. on bacterial activity

Author

Florent Renaud, Olivier Pringault, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 Camélia, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Chlorophyll a, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, bacterial production, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Algae, bacterial phytoplankton coupling, Abundance (ecology), Phytoplankton, Botany, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, dissolved primary production, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, Trichodesmium, Microbial population biology, chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bloom
Abstract

We measured rates of particulate and dissolved primary production (DOCp) as well as bacterial production (BP) in order to determine the effect of freshly produced photosynthates on heterotrophic bacteria. During a 1 mo study carried out on samples from the southwestern lagoon of New Caledonia, we observed 2 different phytoplanktonic communities. The first was a mixed com- munity, dominated by diatoms and with a low abundance of Trichodesmium spp. (10% total phyto- plankton cells) and the second community was dominated by Trichodesmium spp. (up to 98% total phytoplankton cells). Chlorophyll a normalised total (particulate + dissolved) primary production rates were twice as high in the mixed community compared to the Trichodesmium spp. dominated community. The percentage of extracellular release (PER), calculated as the percentage of DOCp divided by total primary production (TOCp), reached 8% in the mixed community; in contrast, rates were much lower in the Trichodesmium spp. community and remained close to 1%. In terms of BP, activities were higher in the mixed community and were generally higher in light incubations than in the dark. In contrast, in the Trichodesmium spp. dominated community, bacterial activity was much lower and decreased with increasing Trichodesmium spp. abundance. This decrease in bacterial activity could not be explained by a decrease in bacterial abundance. This suggests that the propor- tion of active bacteria was much lower during the Trichodesmium spp. bloom.

Published
2005
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5. Soil erosion, dissolved organic carbon and nutrient losses under different land use systems in a small catchment in northern Vietnam

Author

Hai Tran Sy, Thi Phuong Quynh Le, Pascal Jouquet, Dinh Rinh Pham, Quoc Anh Ngo, Séraphine Grellier, Thi Nguyet Minh Luu, Lc Gillard, Emma Rochelle Newall, Trinh Anh Duc, Christian Valentin, Jean-Louis Janeau, Duc Toan Tran, Didier Orange, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), WEO Department, University of sciences and technologies of hanoi (USTH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), A18-Institute of Chemistry, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), Veolia Environnement Recherche et Innovation, Veolia, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biomécanique et Mécanique des Chocs (LBMC UMR T9406), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), French Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), UMR BIOEMCO, project PAMPA, PHC Hoa Sen Lotus [23970QM], LOTUS [44/2012/HD-NDT], MOST, Vietnam, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH)

Subjects
FORET, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, SOL CULTIVE, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural land, Dissolved organic carbon, PERTE EN TERRE, Tropical catchments, DEGRADATION DU SOL, MATIERE ORGANIQUE DISSOUTE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water Science and Technology, 2. Zero hunger, Agroforestry, Aquatic ecosystem, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, No-till, Plant litter, CARBONE, PRATIQUE CULTURALE, BASSIN VERSANT, Erosion, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, PENTE, SIMULATION DE PLUIE, COUVERT VEGETAL, Soil Science, TRAVAIL DU SOL, No-till farming, ALTITUDE, AZOTE, ETUDE COMPARATIVE, Ecosystem, Soil carbon loss, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Rain simulations, PHOSPHORE, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, NUTRIMENT, JACHERE, Agronomy, MULCH, Acacia mangium, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, EROSION HYDRIQUE, Agronomy and Crop Science, ZONE DE MONTAGNE
Abstract

International audience; The export of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from agricultural soils can represent an important pathway of soil organic carbon loss. However, despite its importance in terrestrial and downstream aquatic ecosystems, most work has focused on temperate agrosystems with tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems being ignored. Here we present the results of a series of rain simulation experiments aimed at examining DOC export from sloping lands in North Vietnam. Three regularly used agricultural practices were tested and compared with Bare soils. We also compared the impact of leaf litter in two planted forest sites. We found high rates of DOC export (0.03-0.25 g C m(-2)) during a 40 min rain episode with the lowest rates observed in the Bare soils and the highest in the planted Forest without leaf litter. This is equivalent to a loss of between 0.001 and 0.008% of the total soil organic carbon in the upper 10 cm during a single, intense rain event. This work highlights the impact of different agricultural practices (Bare soil, hoeing, mulching and fallow) and land use (planted Forest with or without leaf litter) on the export of DOC from upland, tropical soils and further underlines the importance of studying DOC fluxes from agricultural land as it represents an important and highly mobile component of ecosystem carbon fluxes.

Published
2014
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6. Impact of a river flash flood on microbial carbon and nitrogen production in a Mediterranean Lagoon (Thau Lagoon, France)

Author

Marc Bouvy, Behzad Mostajir, Sébastien Mas, Aurore Trottet, Marie-George Tournoud, Francesca Vidussi, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Christian Salles, Christine Roques, Eric Fouilland, E. Hatey, E. Le Floc'h, Chrystelle Bancon-Montigny, David Pecqueur, J. Nouguier, Claire Rodier, Jean-Louis Gonzalez, Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Ecologie marine expérimentale (MEDIMEER), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Observatoire de REcherche Méditerranéen de l'Environnement (OSU OREME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de génie chimique [ancien site de Basso-Cambo] (LGC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctionnalisation de Céramiques (UMR 3080), Saint Gobain, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, metal contaminants, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, phytoplankton and bacteria production, Dissolved organic carbon, Phytoplankton, Trace metal, 14. Life underwater, Turbidity, Mediterranean coastal waters, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Brackish water, DIN uptake rates, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Phosphorus, Sedimentation, Nitrogen, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, river discharge
Abstract

Over half of the total nitrogen, phosphorus, silicate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loading was discharged from the Wile River into the Thau Lagoon waters within the first five days of what was considered to be the autumn flash flood period. Such loads represented about 8% and 3% of the yearly averaged total nitrogen and phosphorus load in Thau Lagoon, respectively. Although this event affected >20% of the total lagoon volume, river trace metal loads contributed apparently only weakly to the increase in labile trace metal concentrations in the lagoon surface waters. Differences between theoretical dilution values and observed values were also noticed for phosphate, silicate and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. DOC losses (10-50%) mainly through flocculation, together with the substantial increases in some metallic contaminants such as Zn (from 6 to >30 mu g L-1) observed during the flash flood in saline lagoon waters, may have limited the carbon production of bacterial communities. The potential osmotic shock and the increase in turbidity may mainly explain the low phytoplankton C turnover rates (average of 0.02 h(-1)) measured in brackish waters (

Published
2012
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7. Validation of two tropical marine bivalves as bioindicators of mining contamination in the New Caledonia lagoon: Field transplantation experiments

Author

Paco Bustamante, Laetitia Hédouin, Renaud Fichez, Michel Warnau, Olivier Pringault, Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Littoraux Anthropisés ( CRELA ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] ( IAEA-MEL ), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques ( CAMELIA ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Guyanne] ), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille ( COM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Financement PNEC Nouvelle-Calédonie, Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Littoraux Anthropisés (CRELA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] (IAEA-MEL), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Environmental Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, [ SDV.TOX.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 010501 environmental sciences, Clam, 01 natural sciences, Mining, New Caledonia, Isognomon, biology.animal, Biomonitoring, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Cadmium, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecological Modeling, Molluscs, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Ostreidae, Bioaccumulation, Bivalvia, Transplantation, chemistry, Metals, Environmental chemistry, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Bioindicator, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; The bioaccumulation and retention capacities of some key local contaminants of the New Caledonia lagoon (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn) have been determined in the oyster Isognomon isognomon and the edible clam Gafrarium tumidum during transplantation experiments. In a first set of experiments, oysters and clams from a clean site were transplanted into contaminated sites. Uptake kinetics determined in the field indicated that for Cr and Cu in oysters and Co, Ni, and Zn in clams, concentrations in transplanted bivalves reached those of resident organisms after 100d, whereas for the other elements, it would require a longer time for transplanted bivalves to reach the same levels as in the resident populations (e.g., up to 3 years for Cd). However, the slow uptake rate for metals observed in the latter transplantation is rather related to low bioavailability of metals at the contaminated sites than to low bioaccumulation efficiency of the organisms. Indeed, results of a second transplantation experiment into two highly contaminated stations indicated a faster bioaccumulation of metals in both bivalves. Results of both transplantations point out that the clam G. tumidum is a more effective bioindicator of mining contamination than I. isognomon, since it is able to bioaccumulate the contaminants to a greater extent. However the very efficient metal retention capacity noted for most elements indicates that organisms originating from contaminated sites would not be suitable for monitoring areas of lower contamination. Hence, geographical origin of animals to be transplanted in a monitoring perspective should be carefully selected.

Published
2011
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8. Hydrography and plankton temporal variabilities at different time scales in the southwest lagoon of New Caledonia: a review

Author

Pascal Douillet, Robert Le Borgne, Renaud Fichez, Jean-Pascal Torréton, UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Grenz, Christian (ed.), and Le Borgne, Robert (ed.)

Subjects
DYNAMICS, SALINITE, PACIFIC, Time Factors, Context (language use), METEOROLOGIE, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, LAGON, New Caledonia, medicine, Water Movements, Seawater, Precipitation, WEST LAGOON, Ecosystem, Shore, TEMPERATURE DE SURFACE, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Temperature, Tropics, Pelagic zone, Plankton, Seasonality, INPUTS, medicine.disease, SEASONAL-VARIATIONS, Pollution, VARIATION INTERANNUELLE, Climatology, BAY, Environmental science, Seasons, Hydrography, PLANCTON, COMMUNITIES, CORAL-REEF LAGOON
Abstract

International audience; The New Caledonia SW lagoon is wide (5-20 nautical miles) and semi-closed. It is influenced by both the open ocean and the high island within a meteorological context subject to seasonal, inter-annual and longer term variations. The short-term variability (>1 day) of meteorological, hydrographical and planktonic parameters is illustrated by a 5-month long time series and is linked to local or remote wind, and precipitation. Seasonal and inter-annual variabilities, inferred from a 10-year long station by spectral analysis, appear clearly for all parameters. Seasonality is the main scale of variability as the island lies near the tropic of Capricorn. Inter-annual variability of a 3-4 year periodicity is poorly related to the Southern oscillation index (an equatorial climatic index), stressing the need for a separate tropical index. Long term trends appear on several parameters but their reliability depends on the length of the records. Considering only the longest records (1958-2005), surface temperature appears to have increased since the end of the 1960s in Noumea area. Finally, as a result of greater terrestrial influence, shallower depths, and longer water turnover times close to shore, the temporal variability amplitude decreases from the shore to the barrier reef.

Published
2010
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9. Trends in concentrations of selected metalloid and metals in two bivalves from the coral reefs in the SW lagoon of New Caledonia

Author

Paco Bustamante, Renaud Fichez, Michel Warnau, Laetitia Hédouin, Olivier Pringault, Carine Churlaud, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] (IAEA-MEL), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), Centre Commun d'Analyses (CCA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), La Rochelle Université (ULR), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] ( IAEA-MEL ), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques ( CAMELIA ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie] ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [Guyanne] ), Centre Commun d'Analyses ( CCA ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille ( COM ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Oyster, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Tropical Environment, [ SDV.TOX.ECO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mining, New Caledonia, Isognomon, biology.animal, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Shellfish, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Mining activities, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Sediment, Aquatic animal, General Medicine, Coral reef, Anthozoa, biology.organism_classification, Ostreidae, Pollution, Bivalvia, 13. Climate action, Metals, Indicator species, Bioindicators, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Tropical environment, Bioindicator, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

International audience; The concentrations of 9 elements (Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn) were measured in the oyster Isognomon isognomon and the edible clam Gafrarium tumidum from different sites along the SW New Caledonian coast which is subjected to important chemical inputs due to intense land-based mining activities (New Caledonia is the third world producer of nickel). Results indicate that concentrations in the two organisms mirrored the geographical differences in contamination levels as established through element analyses in sediment. On the basis of organism analyses, two out of the seven investigated stations can be considered as relative “reference” sites, except for As, for which very high levels were detected in clam and oyster tissues (up to 441 μg g-1 dry wt for clams). Overall, our results indicate that both tropical organisms investigated could be used as valuable bioindicator species for surveying metal contamination in the coastal waters of New Caledonia with reasonable perspectives of wider application to other coral reef environments.

Published
2009
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10. Zinc induces shifts in microbial carbon flux in tropical coastal environments

Author

Ej Rochelle-Newall, Xavier Mari, Jp Torréton, C. Rouchon, Bruno Delesalle, Olivier Pringault, UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et écologie tropicale et méditerranéenne [2007-2010] (BETM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 CAMELIA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Heterotroph, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, Nutrient, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Phytoplankton, Zn, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Pollutant, Bacteria, Primary production, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Tropical coastal systems, fungi, 15. Life on land, Plankton, Food web, Per, PER, 13. Climate action, Percentage of extracellular release, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; A great deal of research has been conducted in temperate coastal ecosystems in order to understand the effect of anthropogenic inputs on the structure and function of the system; however, despite the fact that many tropical ecosystems are subject to increasing anthropogenic pressure, including increased nutrient and contaminant inputs, less attention has been paid to tropical regions. We present the results from a series of experiments aimed at examining the effects of Zn on microbial carbon fluxes in a tropical coastal ecosystem. We show that Zn additions at concentrations lower than the clean water limits set by environmental protection agencies for tropical waters can result in considerable changes in microbial carbon cycling in both the structure and function of the auto- and heterotrophic compartments. We observed a reduction in the relative proportion of diatoms and a concomitant increase in the relative proportions of other phytoplankton, notably dinoflagellates. Zn contamination resulted in a 2-fold increase in the amount of total primary production incorporated into bacterial biomass. This was concomitant with a reduction in the P:R ratio in the presence of Zn and ultimately resulted in a bacterially dominated, heterotrophic system. This shift in balance between production and respiration further pushes the system towards being a carbon source to the atmosphere rather than a sink. These results show that even low concentrations of Zn can have a negative effect on the lower levels of the food web and on carbon transfer in sensitive coastal environments.

Published
2008
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11. Effect of solar ultraviolet radiation on bacterio- and phytoplankton activity in a large coral reef lagoon (southwest New Caledonia)

Author

Jean-Pascal Torréton, Fabien Joux, Emma Rochelle-Newall, Xavier Mari, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Pascal Conan, Thierry Douki, Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1), Laboratoire Lésions des Acides Nucléiques (LAN), Service de Chimie Inorganique et Biologique (SCIB - UMR E3), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie Interface Biologie pour l’Environnement, la Santé et la Toxicologie (CIBEST ), SYstèmes Moléculaires et nanoMatériaux pour l’Energie et la Santé (SYMMES), Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR 103 (IRD), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, In situ, Ultraviolet radiation, Bacterioplankton, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Solar ultraviolet radiation, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Productivity, Inhibition, Sunlight, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Chemistry, Uv-a, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Uv-b, Coral reef, Plankton, Dna damage, Oceanography, Linear relationship, Environmental chemistry, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Surface water
Abstract

Measurements of underwater solar ultraviolet radiation (UV-R, 280 to 400 nm), particulate (PPP) and dissolved (DPP) primary and bacterial (BP) production allowed us to infer the respective contribution of UV-B (280 to 315 nm) and UV-A (315 to 400 nm) in algal-bacterial interactions in the southwest lagoon of New Caledonia. Differences in and between activities were assessed by in situ exposure of plankton to full sun radiation and shielded for UV-B or UV-R. We found a coherent response of phytoplankton and bacteria in total UV-R inhibition. The deepest limit of UV-R influence was 8 m, and inhibition increased with oligotrophy to reach 55 % for phytoplankton and 75 % for bacteria, at 1 m depth. UV-B contributed up to 50 % to the inhibition, especially near the surface and at the oligotrophic station. The UV-A effect on PPP was stronger than that of UV-B; however, bacteria were more sensitive to UV-B than were phytoplankton. When considering UV-A and UV-B separately, the inhibition response was linear without threshold. However, a threshold of 0.002 for PPP and 0.004 for BP was obtained when considering the ratio UV-B:UV-A. The rate of PPP normalized to chlorophyll concentration (PPchl) is proposed to reconcile the large range of inhibition encountered in the literature. A significant linear relationship predicted a PPP inhibition of 60 % in surface water with no significant effect on excretion for cells characterized by a low PPchl, whereas PPP inhibition should be limited for cells characterized by a PPchl higher than 18 mg C (mg chl)(-1) h(-1), even if excretion (DPP) could be slightly stimulated.

Published
2008
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12. Environmental factors influencing urchin spatial distributions on disturbed coral reefs (New Caledonia, South Pacific)

Author

Michel Kulbicki, Jocelyne Ferraris, Renaud Fichez, Sandrine Chifflet, Pascal Dumas, UR 128 CoRéUs-IRD, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ), UR 103 Camélia, Centre d'océanologie de Marseille ( COM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Echinometra, Fringing reef, DISCOVERY BAY, SEA-URCHINS, Aquatic Science, FLORIDA-KEYS, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES, DIADEMA-ANTILLARUM, sea urchins, new Caledonian, 14. Life underwater, PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS, Diadema, Reef, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, spatial distribution, biology, Diadema antillarum, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, FISH COMMUNITIES, fungi, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, Coral reef, biology.organism_classification, Diadema setosum, Echinometra mathaei, FRENCH-POLYNESIA, coral reefs, MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITIES
Abstract

International audience; Few works have examined the relative contributions of habitat variables to the distribution of coral reef urchins. In the present study, the spatial distribution of two common urchin species (Diadema setosum and Echinometra mathaei) was studied in the fringing reefs of two urban bays in New Caledonia (South Pacific). Urchins were surveyed at 105 stations with contrasted habitat structure/anthropic disturbance levels; 32 environmental variables (water/sediment characteristics, reef structuring species) were considered. Moderate densities were generally observed at station scale (mean 0.5 individuals m(-2)). The combination of univariate and multivariate techniques highlighted patchy distributions for Diadema as well as Echinometra, with distinct species/habitat associations; environmental gradients occurring within the bays did not seem to influence the species patterns. For Diadema, the spatial variability was better explained by sediment type than by biotic cover; increasing densities occurred across habitats with larger sediment sizes and decreasing coral complexity/macrophytes cover. In contrast, the distribution of E. mathaei exhibited weak relationships with habitat variables. In coral reefs, small-scale heterogeneity may thus be responsible for most of urchins spatial variability.

Published
2007
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13. Allometric relationships in the bioconcentration of heavy metals by the edible tropical clam Gafrarium tumidum

Author

Renaud Fichez, Jean-Louis Teyssié, Scott W. Fowler, Laetitia Hédouin, Marc Metian, Michel Warnau, Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] (IAEA-MEL), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Station Marine d'Endoume, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Environment Laboratories [Monaco] ( IAEA-MEL ), International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] ( IAEA ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD )

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Food Chain, Environmental Engineering, metal, CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS THUNBERG, Bioconcentration, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, MACOMA-BALTHICA, New Caledonia, size effect, Metals, Heavy, TRACE-ELEMENTS, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, 14. Life underwater, Waste Management and Disposal, Mollusca, clam, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, BODY-SIZE, [ SDU.STU.OC ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, BIVALVE MOLLUSKS, Environmental Exposure, METALLOTHIONEIN SYNTHESIS, tropical lagoon, Bivalvia, biology.organism_classification, SEASONAL-VARIATIONS, Pollution, Seafood, PATELLA-ASPERA, uptake, Bioaccumulation, MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS, ECHINOID PARACENTROTUS-LIVIDUS, Allometry, Bioindicator, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Macoma balthica, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Although metal contamination is a problem of major concern in the lagoon of New Caledonia due to intense mining activities conducted on land, very little is known on the metal ecotoxicology of local marine organisms. The clam Gafrarium tumidum was investigated to assess its usefulness as a bioindicator species of metal contamination in this lagoon. More particularly, allometric relationships between metal accumulation and clam size were determined for five common metals in New Caledonian lagoon waters (Cd, Cr, Co, Zn and Ag) using a highly sensitive radiotracer technique. Experimental results showed that allometric relationships were dependent on the element and on the body compartment considered. As a rule, allometric relationships of metal concentration factor were more pronounced in shell than in soft parts. Significant relationships with clam size for Cd, Cr, Co and Zn followed inverse power functions. In contrast, the degree of Ag bioaccumulation was positively correlated with size. In view of the literature on Ag in bivalves, the latter observation suggests the occurrence of a specific detoxification mechanism (sequestration) that would be more efficient in old individuals. Overall, the experimental results indicate that the use of G. tumidum as a bioindicator in monitoring programmes requires selecting individuals of a specific size range in order to obtain comparable information about ambient metal levels. Since the size effect is greatest among smaller individuals, it is recommended to select clams with a shell width greater than 35 mm. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2006
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14. Microbial uptake of dissolved organic and inorganic nitrogen in Randers Fjord

Author

Joop Nieuwenhuize, Pieter van Rijswijk, Jack J. Middelburg, Bart Veuger, Nuria Navarro, Henricus T. S. Boschker, Emma Rochelle-Newall, UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystems Studies, and Marine Microbiology

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, inorganic chemicals, chemistry.chemical_element, Fjord, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, food and beverages, Plankton, Nitrogen, Salinity, chemistry, Productivity (ecology), Microbial population biology, Biochemistry, Environmental chemistry, Urea
Abstract

Uptake of 15N labeled NH4+, NO3-, urea and dissolved free amino acids (DFAA) was measured in April and August 2001 at 6 stations along the salinity gradient of Randers Fjord (Denmark) in order to clarify the relative importance of dissolved organic and inorganic nitrogen (DON and DIN) as N sources for the estuarine planktonic microbial community. Although microbial N uptake was generally dominated by DIN (especially NH4+), DON (both urea and DFAA) also served as an important N source and occasionally dominated uptake. Uptake of 15N labeled algal derived DON was measured in an attempt to mimic uptake of the complex ambient DON pool. Uptake rates for the algal derived DON in April were similar to those for NH4+ and even higher than the summed uptake of NH4+, NO3-, urea and DFAA in August, suggesting that DON other than urea and DFAA, likely dissolved combined amino acids (DCAA), also served as an important N source. In addition, the relative contributions of heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton to total microbial N uptake was estimated from bacterial productivity and measured by inhibiting bacterial N uptake with antibiotics. [KEYWORDS: nitrogen uptake; DON; DIN; amino acids; urea; phytoplankton; heterotrophic bacteria; Randers Fjord; estuary]

Published
2004
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15. Seasonal variation of bacterial production, respiration and growth efficiency in the open NW Mediterranean Sea

Author

R Lemée, E Rochelle-Newall, F Van Wambeke, MD Pizay, P Rinaldi, JP Gattuso, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR 103 Camélia, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aquatic Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Animal science, Mediterranean sea, medicine, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biomass (ecology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Spring bloom, Plankton, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Food web, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Bloom
Abstract

Bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) can have a major influence on planktonic food web structure and function; however, its controlling factors are poorly understood. Here, we report results from an annual study aimed at examining bacterial respiration (BR), production (BP), biomass (BB) and BGE in the upper 130 m of the DYFAMED station (JGOFS site, France) in the NW Mediterranean Sea. From the pre-bloom period to early summer, and with a negative gradient from sub-surface to 130 m, bacterial parameters seem to follow each other, i.e. maximum respiration in February, maximum pro- duction in March and maximum biomass in April. BGE ranged from 0.1 to 43% throughout the study period and was highest during the spring bloom and during the fall. These data clearly showed the wide range of BGE that can be experienced at 1 site on an annual timescale in the surface mixed layer and suggest that several factors (concentrations of inorganic nutrients and DOC) control BGE at this site. Our results also suggested that this oligotrophic system is net heterotrophic.

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