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Dharavi, situated in Mumbai, India, is one of the world's largest slums, with an estimated population of 1 million. Despite its economic potential, Dharavi remains inadequately explored. This paper presents a detailed survey of Dharavi residents, covering demographics, employment, financial conditions, and government policies. The survey comprised 52 questions and garnered responses from 504 households. Demographically, the study reveals that Dharavi hosts a diverse population with a significant migrant presence. Most respondents fall within the working age group (21-50), and household sizes vary, with 83.73% having six or fewer members. The survey illustrates a range of income sources, with only 7.34% unemployed. Nearly half of the respondents are self-employed in micro-industries, while 40.28% are engaged in various private jobs, often requiring minimal education and insufficient income. The majority earn below Rs. 30,000 monthly, reflected in meager savings, exacerbated by low awareness of savings schemes despite widespread bank account ownership. The financial burdens revolve around children's education, healthcare, and housing. Although government schemes exist, residents find them insufficient, citing a lack of awareness, enrollment knowledge, and faith in them. The paper offers a nuanced statistical summary, encompassing various factors that collectively portray the intricate economic dynamics of Dharavi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is a complex and often difficult problem for society. The issue affects various societal layers, including urban, rural, and those with a low socioeconomic level. This study aims to identify the impact of the number of dependents and the quality of life of the Head of Household (HoHs) among B40 in PPR Kerinchi, Kuala Lumpur. This study involved 330 respondents of the B40 group in the Kerinchi area, Kuala Lumpur. This study uses a quantitative approach to collect data. The study utilized a questionnaire to gather data on the impact of the number of dependents and the quality of life of the household head. The results show that HoHs B40 in PPR Kerinchi Kuala Lumpur is in the age range of 40 to 59 years. Based on this study, 59.60 percent of respondents have a household size between 5 and 8 people. This shows the size of the relatively significant congestion occurring in the PPR housing units involved. Furthermore, most respondents, 58.1%, have dependents still studying, and 78% have mental health issues. According to this study, HoHs needs to consider all aspects of education and health for each dependent. In conclusion, understanding urban poverty socioeconomics is crucial for policymakers to develop effective poverty alleviation programs and policies for the B40 group in Kuala Lumpur. The study's findings provide insight into the challenges faced by the urban poor in Kuala Lumpur and inform future efforts to address poverty and inequality in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the factors that influence poverty has been seen as one of the ways of identifying appropriate poverty alleviation strategies in cities. This has been done, in most cases, through the application of ordinary least squares (OLS), which assumes homogeneous influence without considering the spatial heterogeneity that may occur in this influence. This study aims to determine the spatial heterogeneity in the influence of public infrastructure, economic, environmental, and social factors on poverty, by carrying out comparison analysis using OLS and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) in ArcGIS Pro 3.0.1, with a view of proffering poverty alleviation strategies for each section of an urban area. A questionnaire in Geographic Open Data Kit (GeoODK) was administered to 366 urban residents across the twenty wards in the selected city in Nigeria. The results reveal that factors that influence income poverty are spatially varying in direction and weight across a city. Spatial heterogeneity of poverty’s determinants should be considered in the formulation and implementation of effective poverty alleviation policies and programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female-based urban poverty has been a widely researched topic fitting into the pursuit of gender equality since the Beijing 1995 Conference for Women. However, the criteria for measuring female-based urban poverty assume a direct role in reducing various urban poverty manifestations amongst females. Nevertheless, standard domains such as economic and educational statuses show some noticeable characteristics in smaller townships located in the low-urbanised states of India. The city under concern — Sehore Municipal Council (M.C. hereafter) — furnishes an example of an emerging urban area in a low-urbanised state of Madhya Pradesh (27.6% of the urban population compared to the national average of 31.16%) where domain-wise spatial manifestations of female-based urban poverty are noticeable. In addition to the financial aspect of urban poverty, the study attempts to identify local area determinants related to the socio-economic and the cultural environment of Sehore M.C., using standard variables and indicators for the spatial manifestation of female-based urban poverty through a GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making technique of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Female-based urban poverty in Sehore M.C., lying within the urban sphere of influence of two metro cities of Bhopal and Indore, is analysed across six domains of economic, educational, social, health, lack of decision-making and time poverty, for 17 selected localities across four wards. Out of the six selected domains, the economic poverty domain turns out to be the strongest, while time poverty is the least dominant. The present model of female-based urban poverty may apply to similar newly urbanising areas falling within the ambit of metro cities in India.

This research examines the role of food aid providers, including their spatial engagement, in seeking to alleviate urban food poverty. Current levels of urban poverty across the UK have resulted in an unprecedented demand for food aid. Yet, urban poverty responsibility increasingly shifts away from policymakers to the third sector. Building on Castilhos and Dolbec's notion of segregating space and original qualitative research with food aid organisations, we show how social supermarkets emerge as offering a type of transitional space between the segregating spaces of foodbanks and the market spaces of mainstream food retailers. This research contributes to existing literature by establishing the concept of transitional space, an additional type of space that facilitates movement between types of spaces and particularly transitions from the segregating spaces of emergency food aid to more secure spaces of food access. In so doing, this research extends Castilhos and Dolbec's typology of spaces, enabling a more nuanced depiction of the spatiality of urban food poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serendipity, curiosity, and lived experience shaped my career as a social demographer and my interests in social policy. I transitioned from the humanities to sociology and demography as a graduate student at the University of Texas at Austin, where I discovered my affinity for quantitative research. My interest in Latin American demography gave way to domestic concerns as new opportunities arose at each of the three institutions where I have had the privilege to work—the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the University of Chicago, and Princeton University. That all three institutions hosted vibrant demography and policy programs facilitated my research about the Hispanic population, family structure, urban poverty, college access, and myriad aspects of socioeconomic inequality and immigrant integration. Superb colleagues and talented graduate student collaborators deserve major credit for my career accomplishments. I attribute numerous opportunities to serve on philanthropic and corporate boards to the strength of weak ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy & Peace is the property of Ihsan Dogramaci Peace Foundation, Center for Foreign Policy & Peace Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tasarim+Kuram is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid urbanization and urbanization trend, especially in developing countries, have become pervasive social phenomena in the present era, resulting in social inequalities, poverty, increased corruption and crime, environmental crises, class differences, lack of social welfare, premature death, inadequate housing and homelessness, informal settlements. . The existence of such inequalities in cities causes conflict in societies and ultimately violent behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the current status of urban poverty and its impact on behavioral patterns, focusing on the Shirabad neighborhood in Zahedan.The research was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner and based on a survey strategy. Initially, the literature and foundations of the subject were reviewed to establish the criteria. Then, by consulting with a panel of experts (100 individuals), these criteria were finalized in the form of six components. In the next step, the current status of these criteria was assessed through field observations and interviews. Based on the assessment of the current status and the analysis of the t-test results, the average score of each of the six components was significantly higher than the average value of 3, Therefore, the research hypotheses were confirmed. This means that the identification of 6 components and 40 criteria that cause urban poverty in the formation of the final model was accepted and approved by experts and specialists. The results of the research show that the proposed model of this research can be very efficient in investigating the role of urban poverty on the behavioral patterns of citizens, which includes 6 components and 40 criteria in the form of social, economic, cultural, physical, infrastructure and basic and environmental services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education is the property of Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in an informal settlement in Dhaka, this article examines the relationships, contestations and negotiations of power and control between non-government organizations (NGO), community-based organizations (CBO) and local leaders in the context of community-driven development (CDD) interventions. Findings suggest a shift in informal settlement residents' perceptions and attitudes toward NGOs and CDD interventions where the previously documented distrust and lack of interest has changed to a more general interest to participate largely to draw on the power and influence in the community that CBO membership offers. Moreover, findings demonstrate how contestations and negotiations of power and control play out at various stages of engagement between NGOs, CBOs, and local leaders. These findings have important implications for international development practice, particularly for CDD, as they can contribute to addressing some of the current criticisms of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese cities are making a name for themselves through what Guthman calls an 'accumulation by spectacle'. Studies elucidate the fast change of the urban fabric and the interconnection of commercial profits with pro-state propaganda during mega-events. The spectacle appears as a once-in-lifetime chance for a city, orchestrated during a specific time and in purpose-built venues. This article, however, argues that efforts of spectacularisation expand to everyday life. I take the marginalisation of the urban poor in Guangzhou, that is, street vendors and beggars, as a starting point to understand governmental ideals, strategies and patterns of controlling public space. The data is based on fieldwork, government documents, yearbooks and newspapers. Engaging in the discussion on what Debord termed the 'society of the spectacle', I explain how urban management concentrates on areas serving (1) tourism and commerce, (2) memorial politics, (3) government relations and (4) transport and traffic; and follows the pulse of (1) annual events and seasonal holidays, (2) recurring political dates, (3) exceptional mega-events and (4) regular urban development campaigns. These zones and periods of increased control intertwine and culminate in an 'ideal' public space excluding poverty and other elements contesting the city's success images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After resettlement, refugees are situated to navigate new environments and social relationships with nonrefugee residents in the United States. This study focuses on the intergroup dynamics between refugees and native African American residents with whom refugees often share spatial boundaries in urban neighborhoods. Based on 30 in-depth interviews in Albany, NY and Clarkson, GA, our findings suggest that both groups share the experiences of social marginalization and disadvantageous neighborhood factors. On the other hand, each group differed in their views on the police and the type of poverty that they deal with. Although two groups rarely collaborated, solidarity was deemed possible and desirable. Several suggestions for community building were made, including cross-cultural activities for youth and neighborhood activism for adults. Future research can examine the space-making and rights-seeking processes of resettled refugees in the context of urban poverty and in their relation to other locals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of urban poverty is one of the main problems in historical contexts, which has emerged in various dimensions such as lack of security in ownership, income poverty of residents, vulnerability of citizens' livelihoods, legal poverty and social deprivation, etc. Meanwhile, the role and effects of empowerment can be very decisive in planning to deal with urban poverty in historical contexts. The purpose of this research is to identify the key drivers effective in reducing urban poverty in the historical context of Yazd city in order to empower this context and develop possible scenarios for the horizon of 1422. This research is applied in terms of purpose, analytical-exploratory in terms of the nature of the research, in terms of descriptive-survey data collection method and mixed (quantitative-qualitative) data analysis. The statistical population of the research is a group of 30 interdisciplinary experts in the fields of historical and dilapidated contexts, urban poverty, and the future research approach, who were selected by purposive sampling. 35 primary factors have been extracted in three different economic, social and managerial fields, and with structural analysis in Mic-Mac software, ten main factors have been identified as key drivers effective in reducing urban poverty with an empowerment approach. Based on the results of the factor influence matrix, out of a total of 2213 direct influence relationships of factors, social sector variables with a score of 938 have had the greatest impact in reducing urban poverty with the empowerment approach in the studied area. In the next stage, according to the consensus index obtained for these drivers, the two drivers of social capital and the existence of various types of flexible financial systems were identified as critical uncertainties, and from the intersection of these two uncertainties, three scenarios for the future of the historical context of Yazd were identified. It was obtained in the horizon of 2043. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yoksulluk değişen ve dönüşen yapısıyla kentsel mekânlarda etkisini hissettiren önemli bir problem sahasıdır. Özellikle kırsaldan kente yoğun göç dalgaları, aşırı nüfus artışı ve emek piyasasındaki değişimler kent yoksulluğunun görünürlüğünü artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada Kilis örneklemi üzerinde kentsel yoksulluk mekânlarının dağılışı ve bu dağılış üzerinde etkili olan temel dinamikler ele alınmıştır. Yoksulluk mekânlarının dağılış örüntüsünde kentsel gelişim süreci, göçler ve nüfusun lokasyon tercihleri önemli olan etkenleri meydana getirir. Çalışmada Kilis kenti mahalleleri ölçeğinde üç tip veri seti kullanılarak yoksulluk oranları hesaplanmış, elde edilen bulgular tablo ve haritalarla desteklenerek betimsel analiz yoluna gidilmiştir. Çalışmanın veri setini; TÜİK’in mahalle ölçeğinde eğitim kademelerine göre nüfusun dağılış sayıları, Kilis Ziraat Odası Başkanlığı’nın çiftçi kayıt sistemi verileri ve Kilis Sosyal Yardımlaşma ve Dayanışma Vakfı’ndan yakacak (kömür) yardımı alan aile sayıları oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler mahalle nüfuslarına oranlanarak yoksulluk oranları hesaplanmış ve bu veriler haritalara aktarılarak kent yoksulluğunun mekânsal dağılış örüntüsü elde edilmiştir. Kentsel yoksulluğun yüksek olduğu alanlar kentin kuzey ve kuzeydoğusunda yer alan çeper kuşak mahalleler ile Suriyeli göçmen nüfusun yoğunlaştığı merkez mahallelerdir. Kilis kenti gelişim sürecinde yoksulluğun kentleşme hızını artırıcı bir etki yarattığı ve son yıllarda aşırı nüfus baskısı ile kentin yatay ve dikey yönde gelişim gösterdiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca kent elitlerinin yeni kurulan çeper mahallelerde toplulaşma eğiliminde oldukları görülmektedir. Özellikle yoksulluğun baskın olduğu mahallelerde çarpık kentleşme, altyapı sorunları ve çevresel problemler de söz konusudur. Daha dengeli bir kentleşme süreci için yoksulluğun azaltılması önem arz etmektedir. Yoksulluk için sunulacak en ideal reçete ise işsizliğin azaltılması, iyi eğitim olanakları ve kayıt dışılığın azaltılması olacaktır.

This article explores the concealed dimensions of urban poverty, shedding light on the often-overlooked struggles that exist behind the facades of prosperity in bustling city centers. From housing insecurity and informal economies to education disparities and healthcare deserts, the hidden aspects of urban poverty present a multifaceted challenge that demands attention. The abstract delves into the invisible barriers that individuals and families face, such as limited access to quality education, employment challenges, and the social stigma associated with poverty. Additionally, it highlights the resilience within impoverished urban communities and the grassroots efforts aimed at addressing these hidden struggles. Unveiling the complexities of urban poverty is crucial for crafting comprehensive solutions that uplift those facing invisible challenges and fostering a future where the shadows of poverty are replaced with opportunities for growth and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study marks the initial phase of a project aimed at exploring how urban poverty affects children's educational processes through an analysis of space-related issues. Cities, increasingly home to growing populations, serve as hubs where people globally encounter contemporary opportunities and challenges in accessing fundamental rights such as education, health, housing, and security. The distinguishing factor among residents sharing the same city is the pervasive phenomenon of inequality. Inequality not only shapes spatial experiences but also influences the conditions of poverty and deprivation in terms of consumption patterns. Thus, consumption behaviors permeate all aspects of life and serve as crucial criteria for social inclusion and exclusion, reflecting one's social existence. The exclusion of those unable to consume as much as others from social environments and living spaces is a widespread consequence of capitalist urbanization. This study focuses on the lived experiences of poverty and deprivation within the framework of urban poverty, social exclusion, and spatial segregation--common outcomes of inequality in modern cities. Conducted in neighbourhoods heavily populated by the urban poor in the Menteşe district of Muğla province, the study employs a case study model. It aims to illuminate participants' experiences related to space, issues concerning urban life practices, experiences with social assistance, and consumption behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of Betty Smith's bestselling coming-of-age novel A Tree Grows in Brooklyn reveals how popular literature can serve as an important introduction to signature issues of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. Industrialization, urbanization, and immigration are highlighted in the novel—as well as attendant problems including poverty, machine politics, child labor, and prejudice and discrimination. Profound ignorance about sexuality and conception abound in a religious culture that made premarital sex and birth control sinful and shameful, with unhappy marriages and unwanted children the result. As poverty and deviant sexuality abound, eugenics is touted as a sensible solution. The novel helps to explain why there was no organized rebellion or revolution when the struggling poor found that the promise of upward mobility was elusive. Characters have differing definitions of the American Dream. Some seek respite in religion, leisure activities, or alcohol. Others find hope in a variety of reform measures, including public health and education, settlement houses, and unions. The novel ends as the technology that made the nation's industrialization and urbanization possible continues to produce new marvels that will transform the lives of the urban poor, bringing the Gilded Age and Progressive Era to a close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Public Administration & Policy is the property of Journal of Public Administration & Policy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poverty is an important problem area that makes its impact felt in urban spaces with its changing and transforming structure. Especially intense waves of migration from rural to urban areas, excessive population growth, and changes in the labor market have increased the visibility of urban poverty. In this study, the distribution of urban poverty spaces on the Kilis sample and the basic dynamics that affect this distribution are discussed. The urban development process, migrations, and location preferences of the population constitute important factors in the distribution pattern of the poverty places. In the study, poverty rates were calculated using three types of datasets on the scale of Kilis city neighborhoods, and the findings were supported by tables and maps, and descriptive analysis was used. The dataset of the study, the distribution of the population according to education levels at the neighborhood scale of Turkstat, the farmer registration system data of the Kilis Chamber of Agriculture, and the number of families receiving fuel (coal) aid from the Kilis Social Assistance and Solidarity Foundation. Poverty rates were calculated by proportioning the obtained data to the neighborhood populations, and by transferring these data to maps, the spatial distribution pattern of urban poverty was obtained. The areas where urban poverty is high are the periphery neighborhoods located in the north and northeast of the city and the central neighborhoods where the Syrian immigrant population is concentrated. In the development process of the city of Kilis, it is seen that poverty has an increasing effect on the rate of urbanization, and in recent years, the city has developed horizontally and vertically with the pressure of overpopulation. In addition, it is seen that the urban elites tend to congregate in the newly established periphery neighborhoods. Especially in neighborhoods where poverty is dominant, there are unplanned urbanization, infrastructure problems, and environmental problems. Reducing poverty is important for a more balanced urbanization process. The ideal recipe for poverty would be to reduce unemployment, to provide good education opportunities, and to reduce informality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is a product of various deprivations. Gender discrimination is linked with deprivation in terms of socio-economic and political opportunities. This study explores the link between female-headship of a household and its vulnerability towards urban poverty. Further, the most vulnerable sub-sections among the urban female-headed households are identified. The study is based on the 68th round of Household Consumer Expenditure, and Employment and Unemployment Survey, India. Female-headed households were found to have higher odds to be urban poor as compared to their male counterparts. However, this gender-based difference in odds to be urban poor disappears once educational attainment of household-head is controlled for. This highlights that the discrimination in terms of educational attainment is major cause and solution to urban poverty among female-headed households. Further, female-headed households are not a homogeneous group and exhibit significant differences in their vulnerability to urban poverty across different socio-economic and demographic subgroups. The negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on female education in India is expected to create a long-term gender gap in terms of poverty. Thus, the public policy should stress on skill and educational attainment of females and target the poverty alleviation programmes on vulnerable sub-section of the female-headed households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate and comprehensive urban poverty monitoring is undoubtedly essential to support the urban poverty alleviation targets in many developing countries. The currently available urban poverty monitoring in Indonesia is, however, primarily depends on the expensive and resource-demanding Indonesia National Socio-Economic Survey (SUSENAS). Despite its high-quality poverty statistics, such national-scale survey collection methods are indispensably labor and cost expensive to scale. Alternative data is essentially required to be explored for supporting government poverty data in order to increase the data granularity. In this study, we aim to develop the spatially granular poverty index (SGPI) consisting of multisource remote sensing satellite imageries and big data sources. With 1 km resolution, the SGPI is composed of nighttime light (NTL), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) pollution levels, education and healthcare Point of Interest (POI) data, as alternative economic activity and poverty proxy indicators. Three different approaches of the equal-weighted sum method, the Pearson correlation coefficient method weighted method, and PCA weighted method are compared and evaluated to combine different indicators. Our result shows that the SGPI built in the scope of Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA) by using the equal weighted sum with Yeo-Johnson transformation (EWS-YJ) has the highest correlation with official poverty data which is 0.954. Based on visual identifications through high-resolution satellite imagery, the areas with a relatively high SGPI value are densely populated, and vice versa. Our findings suggest that multi-source remote sensing and geospatial big data integration are promising alternative approaches for granular urban poverty mapping based on spatial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss evidence on new socio-spatial patterns in the relation between urban and suburban areas due to the involuntary outward residential mobility of low-income households from central urban areas. Our findings build upon research in three German cities from a comparative perspective, with interviews with local experts providing the main source of information. For analysing decentralisation or suburbanisation of poverty processes we focus on the role of the urban housing market, residential settlement changes, and the role of social security systems. We cannot confirm the displacement of low-income households beyond city limits as a general trend. Instead, our findings reveal a local and context-dependent variation of socio-spatial shifts in the three investigated cities, related to city-specific housing market and urban development factors. As a general factor, existing social security systems continue to work towards keeping low-income households inside cities, seemingly preventing a large-scale suburbanisation of poverty. There is, however, a worrying trend in the concentration of low-income households in ever-decreasing segments of affordable housing, alongside increasing burdens on low-income households coping with the current challenges of a housing affordability crisis. City-regional monitoring and further research are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban poverty is a complex phenomenon and people experiencing poverty suffer from various deprivations. Multidimensional poverty measurement has been one of the best indicators of this deprivation. In general, slum dwellers are considered homogenous groups, but it is not valid in multidimensional deprivation. This paper aims to find out the correlates of multidimensional poverty in slums. Spatiality and correlates of poverty in Varanasi City have been tapped using statistical modelling. The paper is based on primary data collected from 384 households through an interview schedule from 12 slums across three geographical zones of the city. The MPI index for slums, based on global MPI, was used to compute MPI for each geographical zone. Further ANOVA and hierarchical regression analysis were performed to find spatiality and correlates of multidimensional deprivation. The paper reveals that socio-religious categories, occupation and geographical location are significant determinants or at least correlates of multidimensional poverty in slums. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of poverty has bothered Indian economists, policymakers, and politicians alike. The rapid economic growth was unable to trickle down to the poorest which has led to the persistence of poverty both in urban and rural India even after 75 years of independence. Keeping this in view this paper has tried to examine the regional variations in the spatial pattern of incidence of urban poverty in India across 17 major states using data from the 28th and 68th NSS rounds. It also attempts to isolate the key determinants responsible for these variations. The objective of this paper is twofold; one is to bring out changes in the pattern of regional variations in urban poverty across 17 major states of India from 1973 to 74 to 2011–12 and the second is to identify the determinants responsible for these variations. The selection of regional units is based on the availability of comparable data as well as on theoretical considerations. For this study, therefore, we have considered each state as a single regional unit as they are home to largely homogeneous populations with common history and language, topography, institutions, and laws and at the same time each state is different from the other on account of unique factors. Therefore, interstate variations in this paper imply regional variations across 17 major Indian states. The results obtained through an instrumental variable estimation suggest that this effect is causal and is largely attributable to the positive spillovers of urbanization on the rural economy rather than to the movement of the rural poor to urban areas. Concerning the growth process, both urban–rural and sectoral (output) growth poverty relationships are suggestive of stronger intersectoral linkages in the economy, whereby growth in one sector transmits its gains elsewhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This original research article investigates the impacts of gender roles on women’s urban poverty in Assosa city, Benishangul Gumuz National Regional State, Ethiopia. It emphasizes how gender roles impacted women’s educational attainment and social mobility, healthy or unhealthy behavior and lifestyles, unemployment, and benefits from the infrastructural services available. A qualitative research design was employed to conduct the study with semi-structured interviews among women who engaged in Micro and Small Enterprises (n = 30), key informant interviews with experts working in government sectors (n = 15), and 4 focus group discussions (n = 32) among women who were selected based on their experiences in the micro and small enterprises in the study area. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data generated aiming at understanding the different views of the study participants related to the revelation and expression of gender roles in women’s urban poverty. In the context of this study, revelation implies the state of being exposed to gendered roles while expression indicates the reactions of victims to exposure. This study has policy implications informing interventions at all levels toward mitigating the impacts of gender roles on women’s urban poverty.

The theory that property rights increase household income among low-income households is widely acknowledged, yet empirical studies find scarce evidence of this effect. These studies encounter theoretical deficiencies and methodological challenges of endogeneity and selection bias in making causal inference. This paper examines effects of property rights on income using a control group design and propensity score matching. It employs the continuum of property rights as a conceptual framework, applying it to the case of Zango I social housing project and Paraiso, a slum, in Luanda. Results show the likelihood that property rights increase tenure security and income through the mechanism of home business activities but not through labour market participation or credit access. In contexts where housing projects for low-income groups depend on the informal sector and are located far from city centres, home business activities can be an important mechanism through which property rights may alleviate poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we propose a theoretical-methodological reflection on a research work that takes the form of an artistic (co)production workshop in a public secondary school located in a context of urban poverty in the Metropolitan Region of Buenos Aires (MRBA). We recovered field material produced during 2022 to explore the possibilities of this methodology. Working with artistic practices allows the unfolding of a narrative, a saying, at the same time that it is proposed as a training experience for students, connecting with the task that the school carries out on a daily basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has been a small but growing body of accidental evidence that aligns with anecdotal evidence and intuition that private school choice expansion (PSCE) can be a much-needed, fast-acting economic development catalyst for persistent pockets of urban poverty. The alignment has been accidental. There have been no economic development effect-motivated school choice expansions. That’s important for three reasons: 1) Evidence that private school choice expansion (PSCE) can quickly yield economic development and environmental benefits for areas of concentrated poverty could create a pathway around the political gridlock blocking genuine experiments in universal, low-restriction private school choice; 2) The PSCE-development connection raises a lot of questions that may need answers before the implied policy reforms can be optimized and gain widespread acceptance; and 3) Traditional-method-based attacks on persistent urban pockets of severe, concentrated poverty have a disappointing track record. To avoid de facto policy abandonment of large swathes of many cities, we desperately need a dependable, quick, low-cost way to deliver place-focused economic development. The purpose of the paper is to provide a preliminary assessment of the basis for proposals to use PSCE to quickly foster immediate economic development, including a sporadically active proposal for Atlanta’s low-income communities (LIC). Section 2 discusses the connection between the readily observable family income stratification of urban areas (persistence of deep pockets of poverty) and variability in the quality of assigned traditional public schools (TPS). PSCE reduces the importance of that variability to families making residence choices. For examples, I use evidence from Atlanta, San Antonio, and Memphis. Before section 4 describes the theory and evidence underlying our claim that PSCE is a promising alternative to traditional approaches to severe pockets of urban poverty, section 3 explains why we need an alternative. Section 5 explains the intellectual and political significance of the empirical evidence that would result from deployment of PSCE to attack pockets of persistent urban poverty. Many of the PSCE deployments would likely qualify as actual, modern low-restriction examples of universal private school choice. Section 6 briefly notes the potential environmental significance of poor-place-targeted choice expansion (PSCE).

This article presents the analysis of narratives of elderly people living in a highly marginalized neighborhood in the municipality of Ixtapaluca, State of Mexico, in order to observe the relationship between life course and aging in conditions of urban poverty. The results of the interviews with five older men and five older women indicate that they transitioned from rural to urban precarity, without managing to improve their living conditions in spite of the prospects that migration from the countryside to the city implied. The main limitation of the study is that the results cannot be generalized with statistical confidence. However, the aging processes are analyzed in detail from a psychosocial, environmental, and cultural point of view, considering the life trajectories related to the highly vulnerable conditions in which they face old age, resulting from the perpetuation of structural poverty.

Access to appropriate healthcare among disadvantaged populations in countries with universal healthcare requires a critical understanding of the relationships between poverty, social exclusion and health in the local context. The qualitative study explored the experiences of healthcare utilization in an inner-city impoverished community living in slum conditions in Hong Kong. Interviews with 40 slum residents in one of the poorest neighbourhoods in the city explored the following domains: experience and perceptions of the community, housing conditions, informal social capital and support system, interactions with community workers, and experiences in utilizing social and healthcare services. Framework analysis was conducted to identify local themes under the model of healthcare utilization: approachability, acceptability, availability and accommodation, affordability and appropriateness. Despite the subsidized public healthcare system, multiple barriers were identified. Low literacy of healthcare systems was prevalent. Specifically, structural barriers relating mainly to the availability, accommodation and affordability of health services were salient to impede access to healthcare. The barriers related to healthcare providers primarily stemmed from the interactions of healthcare providers, perceived stigma and the lack of patient-centred care. In addition, poverty-related sociocultural norms and personal beliefs of healthcare were found to be significant barriers to healthcare access. Despite the well-established subsidized public healthcare system, healthcare inequity was evident. Lack of quality healthcare access needs to be addressed by providing social and educational resources that facilitate collective efficacy for healthcare, community engagement from public sectors and person-centred care with healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Children of urban poor families living in cities may be deprived of many opportunities offered by the city, especially quality education, and quality life. This study aims to determine the situations that may affect children's educational life and to reveal their characteristics within the framework of face-to-face in-depth interviews with children of urban poor families. The research was conducted using case study. While selecting the study group, attention was paid to the students' being urban poor and having a secondary disadvantage (broken family, imprisoned parents, having different ethnic origin, etc.). Accordingly, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 14 students and a semi-structured interview form was used to collect the data in the interviews. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using content analysis technique. The findings of the research are presented in order regarding the family and home organization, the neighborhood, the sociocultural environment, and the needs of the participant children. In the light of these findings, it is discussed how urban poverty affects quality educational outcomes. Suggestions are made that the negative effects can be improved through the coordinated efforts of teachers, school administrators, families, and other social actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The realization and sustenance of spatial justice within urban environments encounter substantial hurdles arising from the imbalanced expansion of cities and ensuing socioeconomic crises. According to available statistical data on Iranian cities, these crises and challenges have contributed to an escalation in the number of urban inhabitants perceiving a state of impoverishment. Many researchers believe that the indices measuring the development and welfare of a city serve as indicators of its overall quality of life. The objective of this investigation was to examine how the urban quality of life, as facilitated by access to urban services, influences the perception of poverty among urban residents. Considering that objective urban quality of life transforms into subjective urban quality of life through individual perception, and recognizing that the sense of poverty is also a subjective phenomenon, it becomes imperative to explore the interconnection between these two aspects. Initially, the study formulated its conceptual model. Subsequently, the historical district of Shiraz City was chosen as the sample for examination. A structured questionnaire was devised and disseminated among the residents of this specific district. The collected data were subjected to analysis utilizing SPSS 23. The findings revealed that within the residents of the historical district of Shiraz City, the perception of poverty is influenced by three key factors: "employment and economy," "housing," and "recreation and entertainment." Furthermore, the results indicated that proficient urban management, particularly in the provision of urban services, holds substantial potential for alleviating the sensation of urban poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature on the concentration of urban poverty has considered two kinds of locations as the pockets of poverty: slums (vs. non-slums) and towns (vs. cities). Moving beyond these binaries in discussing spatial concentration of urban poverty, we have made an intersection of these two kinds of residential locations in the post-reform India using four rounds of data from the National Sample Survey. The proportion of relatively poor households was lower in city slum areas than in towns (both slum and non-slum households). Next, this paper tries to find out the level of basic services availability across these intersectional spatial categories and how public policies respond to existing poverty. Availability of basic services was higher in city slums than in town non-slum households. Across all these urban areas, the poor had a lower access to services than the non-poor, and the gap between them had increased over time. These findings also pose serious concerns on the geographical targeting of poverty alleviation programmes in India and on iniquitous resources allocations for providing basic amenities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates how discourses on panhandling intertwine with the governance of beggars on China's urban streets. It focuses on local policy implementation in Guangzhou city, led by the bureau of civil affairs along with its centres for "custody and repatriation" and "assistance stations." The study aims to understand how the state regulates panhandling and engages with beggars in public spaces. Exploring the internal logic of the state's approach and how it has changed during the 40 years of reform, it also considers the junctures at which contradictions and conflicts arise. Based on fieldwork data (2011 to 2014) and the analysis of government documents, yearbooks, academic and mass media discourses, I argue that the state's treatment of panhandlers poses a conundrum as welfare measures conflict with control. While several layers of state regulation and actors contradict each other and create grey areas of state-induced informality, people who beg for alms are continuously criminalized and excluded from public space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elena Ferrante's 'Neapolitan Novels', published in English between 2012 and 2015, tell the coming-of-age story of two women born in a poor neighbourhood in post-war Naples. The international success of this four-part series of novels – named in the Italian edition after the title of the first novel, L'amica geniale ('My Brilliant Friend') – testifies to the enduring popularity of the urban poor of Naples as a literary subject. This article discusses several key issues of urban poverty that emerge from the series (i.e. social exclusion, ghettoization, widespread illegality, endemic violence and women's oppression) and analyses how they are narrated, drawing on two classic texts of ethnographic scholarship: Thomas Belmonte's The Broken Fountain (1979) and Italo Pardo's Managing Existence in Naples (1996). In doing so, it reconsiders Ferrante's narrative from a socio-anthropological perspective and assesses her 'ethnographic imagination' vis-à-vis two opposing tendencies in the literature about the urban poor of Naples: one geared towards stigmatization and the other towards romanticization. The article thus argues that the 'Neapolitan Novels' offer a refreshing take on a deeply stereotyped subject, countering (at least in part) the process of 'othering' that traditionally affects the literary representation of Naples' urban poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increasing number of older adults being encouraged to come back to the workforce in search of better financial security in their later years. At the same time, the job market nowadays has increasingly depended on technology to recruit new workers, especially in Smart Cities, a concept that has been recently introduced to developing countries. As a result, the use of the Internet for job searches has become increasingly important for older adults living in urban environments, especially those with limited resources. However, there has not been an in-depth paper exploring the various factors that may affect the older population’s ability to use this new development to their advantage. This study offered a closer look at the social and economic factors that influence acceptance of using the Internet to look for a job among older urban poor in Thailand. By understanding the influences that shape their attitudes and behaviors towards online job searches, it is then possible to guide the development of Smart Cities and offer better assistance to older adults who wish to use the Internet for employment opportunities. We applied a logit regression model on data collected from individuals aged pre-retirement and retirement (n = 1505) in two Thai cities with significantly different economic development levels. The results showed that gender, religion, family arrangement, and income had a significant impact on older adults’ online job search activities, especially when it came to women, people of the Islamic faith, people living with partners, and high-income individuals. Urban planners are recommended to take these aforementioned factors into account while formulating the Smart Cities development plan.