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(1-x)PVDF/(x)LFO-BTO composite films with weight percentages (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) were prepared by solution casting method. Phase identification was carried out using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique revealing different phases (α, β & γ) of PVDF. FTIR results confirmed the presence of different vibrational modes and phases including PVDF phases. AFM and SEM were used to investigate the surface & morphological analysis, the results showed that the surface roughness increased with the concentration of LFO-BTO into PVDF films. From optical absorption spectra, the direct band gap and indirect band gap energies of the PVDF/LFO-BTO were evaluated by incorporating Tauc's relation. The composites experienced a reduction in band gap upon the addition of 0 - 15 wt% of LFO-BTO with an increasing trend in Urbach's energy. The dielectric investigations revealed elevated dielectric constant values across all composites at lower frequency ranges, attributed to interfacial polarization. Specifically, the dielectric constant of 15 % wt of LFO-BTO was found to be much higher (6 times more than the pristine PVDF). Additionally, the dielectric loss was suppressed with increasing filler concentration within the frequency range of 1 KHz to 1 MHz. Impedance spectroscopy analysis depicted a distinctive semi-circular pattern that was linked to the underlying conduction mechanism. The behaviour of ac-conductivity revealed the conduction process following the Nyquist plot. DTA-TGA analysis showed a notable improvement in thermal stability with increasing concentration in the PVDF matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used ultrasonication method to prepare graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanocomposites with varying ratios. Various approaches were used to characterize the as-prepared nanocomposites. The structural properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. XRD patterns showed that pure g-C3N4 has a unique peak, while ZrO2 has a monoclinic phase with no additional phases. The nanocomposites exhibited peaks from both materials, indicating the successful synthesis of the nanocomposites. The optical properties of the nanocomposites were studied using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. According to Tauc's plot, the nanocomposites g-C3N4:ZrO2{1:0.5} (CZ1) and g-C3N4:ZrO2{1:2} (CZ2) showed bandgaps of 2.92 eV and 2.93 eV, respectively. The photoluminescence emission of the nanocomposites displayed a broad peak centered at ~ 450 nm. According to the CIE diagram, the nanocomposites exhibited strong emission in the blue region, with 80.4% purity. The average lifetime decay times of the nanocomposites were 0.18 ms and 0.01 ms. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that this material has the potential for use in the field of optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights This research focuses on understanding of polymer composites' ability to absorb Radio frequency waves for stealth application, specifically for evading radar detection. The composites were developed using a Carbon‐Graphite base plate layered with carbon fiber mat on both sides reinforced in a polyaniline (PANI) and Graphene oxide (GO) mixed Epoxy matrix with added triethylamine (TEA). Four samples with different volume percentage were fabricated, having same Epoxy of 52%, Hardener of 26% and PANI of 10%, but different volume percentages of GO and TEA. The fabricated composites are named as EPCG‐1 (4% GO and 8% TEA), EPCG‐2 (5% GO and 7% TEA, no Carbon fiber), EPCG‐3 (5% GO and 7% TEA) and EPCG‐4 (7% GO and 5% TEA). The developed composites were characterized by subjecting to tensile testing, Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis, Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, Impedance spectroscopy and Directional Coupler test. The EPCG‐4 composites achieve a highest tensile strength of 45.61 N/mm2 and highest absorbance of 1.574 AU corresponding to a wavelength of 875.00 nanometers. The microwave absorbing capacity was evaluated in terms of absorption, reflection and transmission, where the highest shielding efficiency of 32.76 is observed in EPCG‐4 composite when tested in X‐band frequency range (8–12 GHz). Infrared indicated the stretching of bonds like CN and CH due to addition of graphene oxide. The permittivity of the composite is higher for EPCG‐4 composite. Compared to all the tested composites, EPCG‐4 exhibits better mechanical and stealth properties. Development of electromagnetic absorbing composites material for stealth application. Conductive composites of Graphite‐Carbon plate, layered with Carbon fiber mat bonded by PANI and GO mixed Epoxy matrix are prepared. Analyzing radio‐frequency absorption, reflection and transmission of the composites using wave guide method. UV–vis spectroscopy analysis the wave absorbing capacity of stealth composites. Microscopic analysis on stealth composite to understand the conducting fillers distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present investigation, diverse functionalized states of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were employed in fabricating glass/epoxy composites, with the MWCNT consistently incorporated at a 0.5 wt.% concentration. These functionalization states included pristine, hydroxyl, amine, and carboxylic conditions, systematically compared against neat glass/epoxy composites. The findings elucidated that all three functionalizations positively influenced the enhancement of interlaminar shear strength, mode-I interlaminar fracture toughness, and mode-II interlaminar fracture toughness properties. Notably, the amine-functionalized MWCNT exhibited superior performance relative to other formulations. The composite reinforced with amine MWCNT demonstrated significant improvements in ILSS, mode-I ILFT, and mode-II ILFT by 41.82%, 37.75%, and 40.93%, respectively. These enhancements are attributed to factors such as the presence of a more functional group, the quantity of individual MWCNT, and the introduction of additional damage mechanisms, including MWCNT pullout and bridging. Highlights: Improvement in ILSS of glass/epoxy composite by functionalized MWCNT by 20.11-41.82% range. Improvement in mode-I ILFT of glass/epoxy composite by functionalized MWCNT by 5.54-30.81%. Improvement in mode-II ILFT of glass/epoxy composite by functionalized MWCNT by 8.46-40.93%. Microscopic characterization using field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed existence of MWCNT pullout and bridging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of 1.75 MeV N5+ ion beam irradiation of varying ion fluences, ranging from 1 × 1012 to 3 × 1014 ions/cm2, on high-density polyethylene have been done to investigate the structural, optical and chemical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. XRD patterns show no significant change in crystallinity in irradiated polymer samples. The lattice plane and crystallite size of the irradiated polymer have not changed noticeably. More than 50% decrease in optical band gap were found for higher ion fluences of 3 × 1014 ions/cm2. UV–visible spectra show a red shift in absorption maxima due to the formation of extended conjugation. FTIR peaks 3646, 1707 and 2170 cm−1 in irradiated polymer were observed. The reaction mechanism chemistry of radiation-induced product formations, including chain scission, molecular crosslinking and hydroxyl, carbonyl and alkyne functional groups have been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to rapid economic development and urbanization, water pollution has posed a significant threat to public health and social stability. Therefore, accurate and rapid monitoring of water quality becomes particularly important and significant. As an environmentally friendly, nondestructive and efficient detection technology, spectral analysis technology provides an effective tool for qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of pollutants in water environment. In this paper, the principle of UV-Vis spectroscopy and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and their application in water quality detection are studied. UV-Vis and NIR spectroscopy techniques for the detection of many kinds of water quality parameters are discussed according to the classification of chemical oxygen demand, organic matter, microbial pollutants, heavy metals and emerging pollutants. The information of light source in spectroscopy measurement and the algorithms used in spectral data processing are summarized. Finally, the application tendency of spectrum technology in water pollution detection is prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diverse applications of azo compounds as reagents to bring about chemical synthesis is one of the fastest-growing areas of research. It is well known that the position of the substituents has an important role in the effect of the medicinal, dye industry, thermal, and optical properties of the compounds. In this work, we limit our studies to synthesizing two new diazo dye vanillin derivatives starting from aniline. Nitro aniline compounds 10 and 12 were prepared starting from aniline, and new nitro diazo vanillin derivatives were obtained 4 and 5. Through coupling reactions with vanillin 15 via diazonium salts, 4- hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((2,4-dinitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzaldehyde 4 was obtained from 2,4-dinitroaniline 10, while 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-((2,4- 6,trinitrophenyl)diazenyl)benzaldehyde 5 resulted from 2,4,6- trinitroaniline 12. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods; UV-Vis., FTIR, MS, and 1HNMR and melting point determination. The results of the reactions gave good yields of all products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of in situ techniques to quantitatively characterize the heterogeneous reactions is essential for understanding physicochemical processes in aqueous phase. In this work, a new approach coupling in situ UV–vis spectroscopy with a two‐step algorithm strategy is developed to quantitatively monitor heterogeneous reactions in a compact closed‐loop incorporation. The algorithm involves the inverse adding‐doubling method for light scattering correction and the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) method for spectral deconvolution. Innovatively, theoretical spectral simulations are employed to connect MCR‐ALS solutions with chemical molecular structural evolution without prior information for reference spectra. As a model case study, the aqueous adsorption kinetics of bisphenol A onto polyamide microparticles are successfully quantified in a one‐step UV–vis spectroscopic measurement. The practical applicability of this approach is confirmed by rapidly screening a superior adsorbent from commercial materials for antibiotic wastewater adsorption treatment. The demonstrated capabilities are expected to extend beyond monitoring adsorption systems to other heterogeneous reactions, significantly advancing UV–vis spectroscopic techniques toward practical integration into automated experimental platforms for probing aqueous chemical processes and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parallel-stranded G-quadruplex structures are found to be common in the human promoter sequences. We tested highly fluorescent 9-methoxyluminarine ligand (9-MeLM) binding interactions with different parallel G-quadruplexes DNA by spectroscopic methods such as fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) titration as well as UV melting profiles. The results showed that the studied 9-MeLM ligand interacted with the intramolecular parallel G-quadruplexes (G4s) with similar affinity. The binding constants of 9-methoxyluminarine with different parallel G4s were determined. The studies upon oligonucleotides with different flanking sequences on c-MYC G-quadruplex suggest that 9-methoxyluminarine may preferentially interact with 3′end of the c-MYC promoter. The high decrease in 9-MeLM ligand fluorescence upon binding to all tested G4s indicates that 9-methoxyluminarine molecule can be used as a selective fluorescence turn-off probe for parallel G-quadruplexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study is to synthesize nanocomposite PVA/ Co0.2Zn0.2Cd0.6Fe2O4 films with varying contents of Co0.2Zn0.2Cd0.6Fe2O4 nanoparticles (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) to improve the structural, optical, and mechanical characteristics of the examined materials. Casting technique is used to prepare PVA/ Co0.2Zn0.2Cd0.6Fe2O4 films. X-ray diffraction, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and Vickers Hardness were used to examine the effect of magnetic nanoparticle content on the structural, optical, and mechanical characteristics of PVA nanocomposite films. The refractive index rises from 1.4967 for pure PVA to 7.6511 for PVA + 0.8Co0.2Zn0.2Cd0.6Fe2O4, allowing it to be employed in a variety of applications such as solar cell construction. Because of the presence of ferrite in the glass matrix, the average hardness values enhanced and increased from 90.7 to 114.2 MPa. The stress exponent (n) varies from 1.12 to 3.33, with grain boundary sliding as the deformation mechanism for x = 0, viscous glid for x = 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6, and dislocation climb for x = 0.8 nanocomposite thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer and small molecule blend thin films are of strong interest for organic electronics and particularly organic solar cells. The high miscibility in blends of ordinary P3HT and state‐of‐the‐art Y‐series non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) suppresses phase separation and aggregation challenging successful charge separation and transport. In a recent work, current‐induced doping (CID) is introduced, a method to precisely control the aggregation of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in solution. The highly ordered pre‐aggregation in solution is used here to control the P3HT aggregation in neat films and blends with Y12 (BTP‐4F‐12). This results in a 25‐fold increase in hole mobility in P3HT organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) devices and tunability of the P3HT aggregate quality in the presence of Y12 over large ranges. At the same time, particularly the Y12 long‐range ordering is heavily suppressed by increasing P3HT aggregation. However, solvent vapor annealing (SVA) leads to an extraordinarily high Y12 ordering, changes in the crystal orientation of Y12, and a further improvement of P3HT aggregation. A broad range of different degrees of aggregation of both materials can therefore be obtained in the final thin films solely by changing processing parameters without changing the composition of the material system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expanding on earlier observations, we show that many melanin materials, in vitro synthesized from a wide range of precursors, can be fractionated into a dark-colored precipitate and a near-colorless, dispersible fraction. The dispersible fractions exhibited absorbance in the UVA and UVB range of the electromagnetic spectrum, but none in the visible range. In addition, fluorescent properties were associated with all dispersible fractions obtained. FT-IR spectroscopic analyses were performed to compare both types of fractions. Overall, it appears that some of the properties associated with melanin (UV absorbance, fluorescence) may not necessarily reside in the dark-colored portion of melanin, but in a colorless fraction of the material. It remains to be seen whether any of these in vitro observations have any relevance in vivo. However, we raise the possibility that the presence of a colorless fraction within melanin materials and their associated properties may have received inadequate attention. Given the important association between melanin, UV protection, and skin cancer, it is worthwhile to consider this additional aspect of melanin chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: 1,3-Dithiole-2-thione-4,5-dithiolate (dmit) ligands are known for their conductive and optical properties. Dmit compounds have been assessed for use in sensor devices, information storage, spintronics, and optical material applications. Associations with various metallic centers endow dmit complexes with magnetic, optical, conductive, and antioxidant properties. Optical doping can facilitate the fabrication of magnetic conductor materials from ground-state nonmagnetic cations. While most studied complexes involve transition-metal centers due to their diverse chemistry, compounds with representative elements are less explored in the literature. This study investigated the structural and electronic properties of bisdmit complexes with representative Bi(III), Sb(III), and Zn(II) cations. AIMD calculations revealed two new geometries for Bi(III) and Zn(II) complexes, diverging from the isolated geometry typically used in quantum chemical calculations. The coordination of acetonitrile molecules to the cationic centers of the complexes resulted in unstable structures, while the dimerization of the complexes was stable. SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations were applied to the structures of the isolated complexes and stable dimers, confirming the multireference character of the electronic structure of the three systems and the multiconfigurational character of the Bi(III) complex. The electronic spectra simulated by the STEOM-DLPNO-CCSD calculations accurately reproduced the experimental UV‒Vis spectra indicating the participation of the isolated Bi(III) dmit complex and its dimeric form in solution. Methodology: AIMD calculations of the dmit salts were conducted using the GFN2-xTB method with 60 explicit acetonitrile molecules as the solvent at 300 K for a total simulation time of 50.0 ps, with printing intervals of 0.5 fs. The final geometries were optimized employing the PBEh-3c compound method, incorporating implicit conductor-like polarizable continuum model (CPCM) solvation for acetonitrile. Local energy decomposition (LED) analysis at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/Def2-TZVP level of theory was utilized to investigate the stability of the complex geometries identified by AIMD. The electronic structures of the complexes were assessed using the SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2/Def2-TZVP method to confirm the multiconfigurational and multireference nature of their electronic structures. Electronic spectra were analyzed using the STEOM-DLPNO-CCSD/Def2-TZVP method, with CPCM used to simulate an acetonitrile medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the interactions between Carbopol® and zinc microparticles and their role in the stabilization of zinc within the framework of zinc slurry–air redox flow batteries (Zn-air RFBs). The study explores the potential of yield stress fluids, particularly PAA (Carbopol®) microgels, as stabilizers for zinc particles during battery operation, and regarding sedimentation in particular. Two effects that can limit the effectiveness of PAA yield stress in stabilizing the suspension are examined in this study. First is the ionic strength and pH that can evolve during the slurry formulation. The second effect is associated to zinc polymer interactions that can develop during the suspension preparation. Using methodologies based on rheometry and UV–Vis spectroscopy, the research identifies that the primary stabilization challenge is the adsorption of Carbopol® microgels onto zinc surfaces, which significantly influences the gel's yield stress. These insights contribute to an enhanced understanding of the physical chemistry of the suspending fluid, facilitating the development of more efficient and stable Zn-Air RFBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasma-activated saline (PAS) holds immense potential for diverse applications, including antimicrobial activity, anti-inflammatory effects, and cancer therapy. This study introduces a novel approach utilizing a serially associated hybrid plasma discharge system, which combines dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) with a gliding arc plasma jet (GAPJ), to enhance the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in saline water. The serial configuration of DBD and GAPJ effectively amplifies the generation of RONS, as confirmed by optical emission spectroscopy, which revealed unique emissions associated with nitrogen and oxygen ions. Significant changes in the physicochemical properties of saline were observed, including reductions in pH and increases in oxidation–reduction potential and total dissolved solids, particularly during the initial activation phase. Real-time UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed the formation of key RONS such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ozone (O3), nitrite (NO2‒), and nitrate (NO3‒), with distinct absorption bands emerging in the UV region. Raman spectroscopy further confirmed the impact of plasma treatment on the molecular structure of saline, showing a weakening of the hydrogen-bonding network. This work offers new insights into PAS production using the serial association of DBD and GAPJ, advancing its potential for various therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spectroscopic setup for isomerization quantum yield determination is reported. The setup combines fiber-coupled LEDs, a commercially calibrated thermopile detector for measurement of the photon flux, and a fiber-coupled UV–vis spectrometer. By solving the rate equations numerically, isomerization quantum yields can be obtained from the UV–vis absorption spectra. We show that our results for the prototypical photoswitch azobenzene are in excellent agreement with the literature. The analysis of the errors showed that the quantum yields determined using this method are in the same order of magnitude as when using actinometry, thus demonstrating the reliability of our setup.

Abstract Background The phenolic polymer lignin is one of the primary chemical constituents of the plant secondary cell wall. Due to the inherent plasticity of lignin biosynthesis, several phenolic monomers have been shown to be incorporated into the polymer, as long as the monomer can undergo radicalization so it can participate in coupling reactions. In this study, we significantly enhance the level of incorporation of monolignol ferulate conjugates into the lignin polymer to improve the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Results Overexpression of a rice Feruloyl-CoA Monolignol Transferase (FMT), OsFMT1, in hybrid poplar (Populus alba x grandidentata) produced transgenic trees clearly displaying increased cell wall-bound ester-linked ferulate, p-hydroxybenzoate, and p-coumarate, all of which are in the lignin cell wall fraction, as shown by NMR and DFRC. We also demonstrate the use of a novel UV–Vis spectroscopic technique to rapidly screen plants for the presence of both ferulate and p-hydroxybenzoate esters. Lastly we show, via saccharification assays, that the OsFMT1 transgenic p oplars have significantly improved processing efficiency compared to wild-type and Angelica sinensis-FMT-expressing poplars. Conclusions The findings demonstrate that OsFMT1 has a broad substrate specificity and a higher catalytic efficiency compared to the previously published FMT from Angelica sinensis (AsFMT). Importantly, enhanced wood processability makes OsFMT1 a promising gene to optimize the composition of lignocellulosic biomass.

Cyclo-meta-phenylenes doped with nitrogen atoms at the periphery were designed and synthesized. The syntheses of the macrocyclic structures were achieved with one-pot Suzuki–Miyaura coupling to arrange phenylene rings and pyridinylene rings in an alternating fashion. Analyses with UV–vis spectroscopy showed changes in the photophysical properties with nitrogen doping, and X-ray crystallographic analyses experimentally revealed the presence of biased charges on the peripheral nitrogen atoms.

Taghrid S Alomar,1 Najla AlMasoud,1 Manal A Awad,2 Reem S AlOmar,3 Nada M Merghani,4 Mohamed El-Zaidy,5 Ajaya Bhattarai6 1Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; 2King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 32210, Saudi Arabia; 4Central Research Laboratory, Vice Rectorate for Studies and Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11459, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, 56613, NepalCorrespondence: Ajaya Bhattarai; Manal A Awad, Email ajaya.bhattarai@mmamc.tu.edu.np; mawad@ksu.edu.saIntroduction: Researchers are increasingly favouring the use of biological resources in the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. This synthesis process is quick and affordable. The current study examined the antibacterial and anticancer effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the Neurada procumbens plant. Biomolecules derived from natural sources can be used to coat AgNPs to make them biocompatible.Methods: UV-Vis spectroscopy was used to verify the synthesis of AgNPs from Neurada procumbens plant extract, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize their morphology, crystalline structure, stability, and coating.Results: UV-visible spectrum of AgNPs shows an absorption peak at 422 nm, indicating the isotropic nature of these nanoparticles. As a result of the emergence of a transmission peak at 804.53 and 615.95 cm− 1 in the spectrum of the infrared light emitted by atoms in a sample, FTIR spectroscopy demonstrated that the Ag stretching vibration mode is metal-oxygen (M-O). Electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectral analysis shows that elementary silver has a peak at 3 keV. Irradiating the silver surface with electrons, photons, or laser beams triggers the illumination. The emission peak locations have been found between 300 and 550 nm. As a result of DLS analysis, suspended particles showed a bimodal size distribution, with their Z-average particle size being 93.38 nm.Conclusion: The findings showed that the antibacterial action of AgNPs was substantially (p≤ 0.05) more evident against Gramme-positive strains (S. aureus and B. cereus) than E. coli. The biosynthesis of AgNPs is an environmentally friendly method for making nanostructures that have antimicrobial and anticancer properties.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission peak, dynamic light scattering

4-Nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQO) and 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide (NPO) are important precursors for the synthesis of substituted heterocycles while NQO is a popular model mutagen and carcinogen broadly used in cancer research; intermolecular interactions are critical for their reactions or functioning in vivo. Herein, the effects of the coordination of N-oxide's oxygen atom to Lewis acids on multicenter donor–acceptor bonding were explored via a combination of experimental and computational studies of the complexes of NQO and NPO with a typical π-electron donor, pyrene. Coordination with ZnCl2 increased the positive electrostatic potentials on the surfaces of these π-acceptors and lowered the energy of their LUMO. Analogous effects were observed upon the protonation of the N-oxides' oxygen or bonding with boron trifluoride. The interaction of ZnCl2, NPO, or NQO and pyrene resulted in the formation of dark co-crystals comprising π-stacked Zn-coordinated N-oxides and pyrene similar to that found with protonated or (reported earlier) BF3-bonded N-oxides. Computational studies indicated that the coordination of N-oxides to zinc(II), BF3, or protonation led to the strengthening of the multicenter bonding of the nitro-heterocycle with pyrene, and this effect was related both to the increased electrostatic attraction and molecular–orbital interactions in their complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The phenolic polymer lignin is one of the primary chemical constituents of the plant secondary cell wall. Due to the inherent plasticity of lignin biosynthesis, several phenolic monomers have been shown to be incorporated into the polymer, as long as the monomer can undergo radicalization so it can participate in coupling reactions. In this study, we significantly enhance the level of incorporation of monolignol ferulate conjugates into the lignin polymer to improve the digestibility of lignocellulosic biomass. Results: Overexpression of a rice Feruloyl-CoA Monolignol Transferase (FMT), OsFMT1, in hybrid poplar (Populus alba x grandidentata) produced transgenic trees clearly displaying increased cell wall-bound ester-linked ferulate, p-hydroxybenzoate, and p-coumarate, all of which are in the lignin cell wall fraction, as shown by NMR and DFRC. We also demonstrate the use of a novel UV–Vis spectroscopic technique to rapidly screen plants for the presence of both ferulate and p-hydroxybenzoate esters. Lastly we show, via saccharification assays, that the OsFMT1 transgenic p oplars have significantly improved processing efficiency compared to wild-type and Angelica sinensis-FMT-expressing poplars. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that OsFMT1 has a broad substrate specificity and a higher catalytic efficiency compared to the previously published FMT from Angelica sinensis (AsFMT). Importantly, enhanced wood processability makes OsFMT1 a promising gene to optimize the composition of lignocellulosic biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real‐time selective protein quantification is an integral component of operating continuous chromatography processes. Partial least squares models fit with spectroscopic UV‐Vis absorbance data have demonstrated the ability to selectively quantify proteins. With standard continuous chromatography equipment that is only capable of measuring absorbance at a few user‐defined wavelengths, the problem of selecting appropriate wavelengths that maximize the measurement capability of the instrument remains unaddressed. Therefore, we propose a method for selecting wavelengths for continuous chromatography equipment. We illustrate our method using sets of protein mixtures composed of bovine serum albumin and lysozyme. The first step is to refine the raw wavelength set with a statistical t‐test and an absorbance magnitude test. Then, the wavelengths within the refined spectroscopic range are ranked. Three existing techniques are evaluated – sequential forward search, variable importance to projection scores, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The best technique (in this case, sequential forward search) determines a subset of three wavelengths for further evaluation on the BioSMB PD. We use an exhaustive approach to determine the final wavelength set. We show that soft sensor models trained from the method's wavelength selections can quantify the two proteins more accurately than from the wavelength set of 230, 260 and 280 nm, by a factor of four. The method is shown to determine appropriate wavelengths for different path lengths and protein concentration ranges. Overall, we provide a tool that alleviates the analytical bottleneck for practitioners seeking to develop advanced monitoring and control methods on standard equipment. Application of a wavelength selection method that consists of a spectroscopic wavelength refinement step, followed by a wavelength ranking step and then a final wavelength verification step using in‐line absorbance data. The soft sensor partial least square models trained from the method's wavelength selections can selectively quantify proteins more accurately than from a set of 230, 260, and 280 nm wavelengths. The proposed method is shown to generate appropriate wavelengths for data sets of different path length and concentration ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary polyphenols from plant sources play an important role in the human diet. They have various biological effects, such as protein kinase inhibition, antibacterial, anticancer, antiulcer, antiarthritic, and anti-angiogenic properties. Among the various phenolic chemicals found in plants, resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) (RVT) is a non-flavonoid polyphenolic compound that has been extensively studied for its health-promoting advantages, including its anti-cancer, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardio-protective activities. Considering its potential in pharmaceutical nanoformulations, a rapid, economical, sensitive, and robust UV spectrophotometric method was developed and validated. The proposed method was developed in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 to estimate the RVT content in the pharmaceutical nanoformulation. The method was developed at a reported wavelength of 306 nm. The developed method was validated according to ICH Q2A (R1) guidelines and was applied for the estimation of RVT in prepared nanoformulations. The method showed exceptional linearity in the range of (1–6) μg mL−1 with a coefficient of determinant value of 0.9998. The study proves that the developed method is linear, precise, sensitive, robust, reproducible, and accurate. This method can be applied for the estimation of RVT in nanoformulations and other bulk dosage forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, one-pot method was designed for preparing nanocomposite material and its potential applications for water remediation. X-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform infrared, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry, and N2 adsorption and desorption isotherm techniques were used to examine the chemical and physical characteristics of the prepared nanomaterials. The developed nano-sized sorbent has a good surface area of about 106.788 m2 g−1. The synthesized nanocomposite was employed as a sorbent to remove several heavy metals, such as Cd(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II), Mn(II), and Cr(VI), and different pesticides (e.g., Diazinon, Parathion Methyl, Malathion, Parathion ethyl, Epoxide, DDE, Dieldrin, and Aldrin). The removal efficiencies were found to be in the range of 9.52–94.8%, 23.14–99.40%, and 8.91–85.50% for pesticides, heavy metals, and physical contaminants, respectively. In addition, the sorption capacities of the different metals ranged from 2.31 to 9.94 mg g−1, and from 2.67 to 28.00 mg g−1 for different pesticides. While it was 31.49–306.63 mg g−1 for physical contaminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the fabrication and characterization of a transparent conductive window with high transmission properties. The window is created by depositing optimized antireflection layers on quartz glass to emphasize the spectral range of 450–800 nm at an incidence angle of 35°. The deposition process involves an antireflection layer to minimize reflection and achieve a transmission level above 91% within the specified spectral range. The thin film demonstrates the excellent optical properties of the fabricated transparent conductive window, making it suitable for a wide range of applications requiring high transmission and resistance to laser-induced damage. This research provides insights into the fabrication and performance of transparent conductive windows, laying the groundwork for potential applications in optics and industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene oxide (GO), a graphene derivative, is synthesized through an improved Hummers method, enhancing its solubility, dispersibility, and reactivity by introducing oxygen-functional groups. The process involves oxidizing purified natural graphite flakes, followed by solvothermal treatment. Exfoliation of graphite oxide in distilled water using ultrasonic waves results in the formation of a graphene oxide thin film. This method optimizes the production of GO, harnessing its unique properties for various applications in materials science and nanotechnology. The structural and physicochemical characteristics of the materials were analyzed through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). XRD peak indicated a 2θ 0 = 10.050 corresponding to an interlayer spacing of 0.83 nm. FTIR and Raman analyses revealed the introduction of oxygen atoms into the graphite layer, forming various chemical bonds such as C-H, OH, C=O, C-O-C, and COOH with graphene. SEM images illustrated the formation of ultrathin and homogeneous graphene films. The UV-vis spectra of GO exhibited a prominent absorption peak at approximately 239 nm, corresponding to the π − π ∗ transition of atomic C-C bond and at 301 nm, corresponding to the n-π* transition of aromatic C-C bonds. The electrochemical behavior of a glassy carbon electrode modified with GO was explored using the K3[Fe(CN)6] redox couple system. The results indicated that the electron transfer process controlled the electrochemical behavior [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of pharmaceuticals in effluents, which are wastewater discharges from various sources, has emerged as a significant environmental concern in recent years. Among the various methods available to address this challenge, adsorption stands out as one of the most effective, both technically and economically. In this study, we investigate the potential of cross-linked chitosan (C-CHIT) as an adsorbent for sodium cromoglicate (CG) and sodium diclofenac (DF). Both CG and DF were found to spontaneously adsorb onto C-CHIT, a sorbent with a positively charged surface when dispersed in water (as confirmed by zeta potential measurements). The adsorption of these anionic drugs resulted in a change in the polarity of the surface charge. Thermodynamic analysis was conducted using a standard approach, wherein parameters from Redlich–Peterson and Frumkin isotherms at the low-concentration limit were utilized to calculate the enthalpy and entropy of adsorption. This analysis suggested that CG was more effectively adsorbed onto C-CHIT. Additionally, a novel approach was proposed in this study for adsorption under surface saturation conditions, which deviate from ideal solution conditions. Interestingly, thermodynamic data indicated a reversal of behavior, with DF being more effectively adsorbed by C-CHIT. This finding was supported by geometric parameters calculated using MarvinSketch 23.12, along with a more repulsive Frumkin's lateral interaction parameter for CG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing a relevant and engaging curriculum for biochemistry undergraduates can be challenging for topics which are at the periphery of the subject. We have used the framework of context‐based learning as a means of assessing understanding of quantum theory in a group of students in their junior year. Our context, the role of retinol in skincare, provides a basis for the simple application of quantum mechanical principles to a biological context in an adaptation of the polyene in a box concept. As part of the learner journey, they gain experience of practical computational chemistry, which provided an in silico alternative to traditional laboratory work during the SARS‐CoV‐19 pandemic. Student feedback was overwhelmingly positive, and this approach is now firmly embedded in the undergraduate curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most challenging task for establishing a 103Ru/103mRh generator for Auger therapy, is to reach an effective separation between the two radionuclides because of the highly unpredictable, very complicated and poorly understood chemistry. In HCl, this work was able to evidence the formation of Ru colloids. It has been evidenced that the starting material of Ru, time and temperature have a strong influence on Ru speciation, but no polynuclear species of ruthenium–chloride was observed. This work has showed that it is fully possible to control the speciation of ruthenium, especially Ru(IV), within a mononuclear species; that is a huge step forward compared to literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclopeptides hold significant relevance in various fields of science and medicine, due to their unique structural properties and diverse biological activities. Cyclic peptides, characterized by intrinsically higher conformational order, exhibit remarkable stability and resistance to proteolytic degradation, making them attractive candidates for developing targeted drug delivery systems. The aim of this work is to elucidate the unique coordination properties of the multi‐His cyclic peptide with c(HDHKHPHHKHHP) sequence (HDCP – heterodomain cyclopeptide). This peptide, indeed, is able to form homo‐ and hetero‐dinuclear complexes in a wide pH range, being thus a good chelator for Cu(II) ions. Herein, we present the results of a combined study, involving potentiometric, spectroscopic (UV–Vis, CD, and EPR), and computational investigations, on its coordination properties. To better understand the interaction pattern with Cu(II) metal ions, two other peptides, each one bearing only one of the two binding domains of HDCP are also considered in this study: c(HDHKHPGGKGGP) = CP1, c(GKGGKPHHKHHP) = CP2, which share sequence fragments of HDCP and allow separate investigations of its coordination domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with Synthesis and characterization of multicomponent bismuth silicate glasses, formulated as xCdO.(5-x)V2O5.20Bi2O3.65SiO2.10Na2O, where x varies from 0 to 5%, employing the conventional Melt-Quench technique. The non-crystalline nature of glass was confirmed through X-ray diffractometry. To determine band gaps and understand optical properties, UV–Vis DRS was employed. A systematic exploration of varying cadmium oxide (CdO) concentrations unveiled a consistent increase in glass density accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in molar volume. Higher cadmium ionic concentrations were associated with an elevated oxygen packing density (OPD), indicating a more densely packed glass structure. Optical transmission studies revealed a bandgap and a refractive index spanning from 2.51 to 2.29. These glasses proved effective as UV band reject filters, maintaining transparency in the visible region without compromising clarity. The analysis of calculated parameters, including ionic concentration and inter-ionic radii, provided insightful correlations into the structural aspects of the glass network. Infrared (IR) spectra analysis showcased prevalent structural units, such as [BiO6], [BiO3], and [SiO4] vibrations. These comprehensive findings establish a foundation for tailoring glass compositions for specific applications in optics, radiation shielding, and protective coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs the synthesis of pure NiO and Ag-doped NiO with varying concentrations (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mol%) of Ag2O nanoparticles by solution combustion method. The Structural and morphology of nanomaterials were elucidated by analytical spectroscopic methods. XRD revealed alterations in physical properties, such as crystallite size and lattice parameters, of NiO nanoparticles due to the presence of Ag2O. UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated a reduction in the bandgap from 3.41 eV (pure NiO) to 3.21 eV for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 mol% Ag2O-doped NiONPs. To assess their viability as active electrode materials in supercapacitors, the synthesized samples were subjected to analysis in a 0.1 M HCl electrolyte. Electrochemical studies done through various tests, including Electrochemical-Impedance, Cyclic-Voltammetry and Galvanic Charge-Discharge. Remarkably, the 5 mol% Ag2O-doped NiO in a 3-electrode system exhibited a notable capacitance value of 248 Fg−1 at a scan rate of 5 Ag−1. Additionally, it demonstrated robust cycling stability, maintaining over 90% of the original capacitance after 2000 cycles in GCD studies. The potential chemical interaction between nanoscale Ag2O and NiO could be responsible for the enhanced capacitance. These findings offer valuable insights for researchers exploring the development of novel electrode materials for energy-storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the development of the chemistry and applications of boron dipyrromethene dyes (BODIPYs), numerous other platforms based on boron complexes of N‐donor ligands have emerged as molecular optoelectronic materials. By tailoring the structure of the ligand bound to boron, the optical and electronic properties of a compound can be precisely tuned for unique properties, such as aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) in the case of boron difluoride hydrazones (BODIHYs). We examine the impact of modifying the typical bidentate hydrazone ligand structure used to prepare BODIHYs to enable a tridentate coordination mode to produce boron complexes of tridentate acyl pyridylhydrazones. This change allows for the use of arylboronic acids as sources of boron and facilitates the inclusion of complex organic components at the boron centre, including the formation of dye‐dye conjugates. The synthesized compounds exhibit distinct optical and electronic properties when compared to BODIHYs, such as reversible electrochemical reduction and up to a >300 nm pseudo‐Stokes shift in the solid state, all of which were supported by density functional theory calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper(II), nickel(II) and zinc(II) complexes of various peptide fragments of tau protein were studied by potentiometric and spectroscopic techniques. All peptides contained one histidyl residue and represented the sequences of tau(91–97) (Ac-AQPHTEI-NH2), tau(385–390) (Ac-KTDHGA-NH2) and tau(404–409) (Ac-SPRHLS-NH2). Imidazole-N donors of histidine were the primary metal binding sites for all peptides and all metal ions, but in the case of copper(II) and nickel(II), the deprotonated amide groups were also involved in metal binding by increasing pH. The most stable complexes were formed with copper(II) ions, but the presence of prolyl residues resulted in significant changes in the thermodynamic stability and speciation of the systems. It was also demonstrated that nickel(II) and especially zinc(II) complexes have relatively low thermodynamic stability with these peptides. The copper(II)-catalyzed oxidation of the peptides was also studied. In the presence of H2O2, the fragmentation of peptides was detected in all cases. In the simultaneous presence of H2O2 and ascorbic acid, the fragmentation of the peptide is less preferred, and the formation of 2-oxo-histidine also occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel Al-MOFs was hydrothermally synthesized using organic linker (benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid, i.e. trimesic acid) because of its thermal and chemical stability as well as the versatile capability of Aluminum (Al) to form multifaceted structures. The material was targeted for applications in supercapacitor, energy storage, sensing and biomedical sciences like Far-UVC device applications. The morphological structure and bandgap of the Benzene Tricarboxylic Acid (BTC)-Aluminum based MOFs samples underwent characterization using a range of techniques, such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The XRD investigation confirmed the successful fabrication of MOF layered structure on Al-MOFs with an average crystallinity of 2.155 nm. SEM identified the hexagonal structure of Al-MOFs nanocrystals and showed strong agglomeration with a grain size of 186 nm. EDX analysis confirms the existence of aluminum peaks along with carbon peaks (as organic linkers), indicating the presence of organic linkers in the framework, which is the key component of MOF's porosity. The Raman spectroscopy results evidenced the synthesis of Al-MOFs structure. The optical bandgap was evaluated using UV–Vis spectrophotometry and estimated as E g = 5. 4 8 eV, indicating the materials stability for photovoltaic and some Far-UVC devices. Overall, the results suggest that the synthesized Al-MOFs nanomaterial is a promising candidate for various applications including Far-UVC device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowing the diffusion coefficients of antioxidants in packaging materials is essential to assess their effectiveness in protecting materials against oxidation, but also to prevent their eventual migration to food. In this work, the diffusion of a commercial phenolic antioxidant (Irganox 1035) was measured experimentally in pristine high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and in HDPE nanocomposite filled with 3 wt% of nanoclays (Cloisite® 15A). Diffusion experiments were performed using the Roe's method between 60 and 100°C. The local concentration of Irganox1035 in each film was measured by UV–Vis spectroscopy from the UV absorbance at 282 nm. The adjustment of the experimental data by Fick's second law allowed us to deduce the values of the diffusion coefficient of Irganox1035 at each temperature and to show that the temperature dependence of this coefficient obeys an Arrhenius' law. It is shown that the incorporation of 3 wt% of Cloisite®15A into HDPE significantly hinders the diffusion of Irganox 1035 and increases its activation energy. Several mechanistic assumptions could explain this result, first the increase in the tortuosity of diffusion paths, but also the possible establishment of strong intermolecular interactions between the antioxidant and some chemical groups on the nanofiller surface, or even the formation of an interphase with reduced molecular mobility around the nanofillers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis and extensive characterization of nine aryl sulfur diimides (SDIs, Ar−NSN−Ar) are presented with a robust computational and experimental investigation of the fundamental properties of these important members of the thiazyl family of compounds, with particular attention paid to their highly tunable electrochemical behaviour. This is the first work to undertake a systematic comparison of the electrochemical profiles of a coherent series of SDIs to demonstrate and quantify the response of their reduction potentials to substituent electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing properties. This effect is found to be not only exceptionally strong, but also correlates very closely with computed orbital energies. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to determine the nature, localization, and qualitative lifetimes of the radical anions of SDIs. This work also addresses significant misconceptions about physical properties of SDIs. Experimental data and modern computational methods are employed to provide a resolute answer to the long‐standing contention of the solution‐state conformations of SDIs, and to correct historical mistakes in the assignment of infrared spectroscopic data. High‐quality crystal structures of all SDIs in this work showcase the utility of the recently introduced structural refinement software NoSpherA2, enabling full anisotropic refinement of H‐atoms with accurate C−H bond lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to differentiate Mediterranean honey samples with regards to their botanical and geographical origin, using UV-vis spectroscopy, combined with multivariate statistical analysis and chemometrics. A total of 151 commercial honey samples were collected from different countries (Greece, Malta, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey), which were characterized as thyme, pine, or polyfloral. Discrimination of geographical and botanical origin was achieved successfully with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) together with Random Forest (RF), Partial Least Squares – Discriminant Analysis (PLS – DA), and Data Driven – Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogies (DD-SIMCA) using the spectral range of 220–550 nm. DD-SIMCA achieved very high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity on the discrimination of both the geographical and botanical origin of honey samples. The results support the good predictive capability of UV-vis spectroscopy combined with chemometrics for the determination of honey origin. This methodology could be utilized for the rapid and non-destructive assessment of Mediterranean honey origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The development of in situ techniques to quantitatively characterize the heterogeneous reactions is essential for understanding physicochemical processes in aqueous phase. In this work, a new approach coupling in situ UV–vis spectroscopy with a two‐step algorithm strategy is developed to quantitatively monitor heterogeneous reactions in a compact closed‐loop incorporation. The algorithm involves the inverse adding‐doubling method for light scattering correction and the multivariate curve resolution‐alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) method for spectral deconvolution. Innovatively, theoretical spectral simulations are employed to connect MCR‐ALS solutions with chemical molecular structural evolution without prior information for reference spectra. As a model case study, the aqueous adsorption kinetics of bisphenol A onto polyamide microparticles are successfully quantified in a one‐step UV–vis spectroscopic measurement. The practical applicability of this approach is confirmed by rapidly screening a superior adsorbent from commercial materials for antibiotic wastewater adsorption treatment. The demonstrated capabilities are expected to extend beyond monitoring adsorption systems to other heterogeneous reactions, significantly advancing UV–vis spectroscopic techniques toward practical integration into automated experimental platforms for probing aqueous chemical processes and beyond.

Abstract The correct identification and authentication of medicinal plants material is a crucial task that ensures quality and prevent adulteration. The use of UV–Vis spectroscopy with principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) was proposed for identification/authentication of plant material form different genus and different geographical areas provenience. Hydroalcoholic extracts of samples from twelve genus collected from seven countries (Romania, North Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Serbia, Russia and Kazakhstan) were used. The UV–Vis spectra of the extracts were acquired in the 200–800 nm spectral range, and signal smoothing was used for pre-processing the spectral data. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) with 1-Pearson r distance measurement was used to classify the samples based on the original spectra and different-order derivative spectra, respectively. Data from original spectra and from different-order derivative spectra were evaluated by PCA method. Using the PCA with varimax rotation approach, the spectral ranges with significant contribution for samples classification were revealed for the first time. When the PCA method coupled with DA was applied to the data obtained from the original spectra and the fourth-order derivative spectra, the samples were correctly classified to the respective groups with a 98.04% accuracy. The proposed method can be a useful tool for rapid authentication of plant material derived from different countries.

In this work, we present the spectroscopic and structural analysis of synthetic melanin incorporated within alginate films. We propose a synthesis methodology for alginate films with different concentrations of melanin. For this, Ca2+-crosslinked alginate films plasticized with glycerol (30% w/w) are used as a matrix to support melanin in a non-disolved state. The structural and morphological characteristics of the alginate-melanin films are evaluated. Furthermore, we analyze the structural and morphological characteristics of the obtained films and analyze their spectroscopic characteristics from the ultraviolet to the terahertz bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. This work demonstrates that alginate films are a viable option as a matrix for the analysis and characterization of non-dissolved melanin. Moreover, we determine the dependence of the analyzed physical and optical properties of the alginate-melanin films with respect to the melanin concentration and discuss the relevance of the observed changes. The analysis suggests the potential use of melanin-alginate films for further examination of non-dissolved melanin.

The development of an environment-friendly process for synthesizing nanoparticles in the field of bionanotechnology is growing day-by-day. Increasing drug resistance in microbes has compelled researchers to synthesize biologically active nanoparticles. In this study, we used Tribulus terrestris plant extract to synthesize CuO/NaCuSO4 nanocomposite. The synthesized samples were characterized through functional groups analysis of FTIR and morphological analysis of SEM. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ultra-visible light absorbance analysis (UV–vis) were used to find the nanocrystalline nature and bandgap energy of the biosynthesized copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles, respectively. In the metal oxide region of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy the copper oxide nanoparticles were confirmed at 523 cm−1 which showed the nature of plant extracts to control over the reduction and stabilizing of the nanoparticles. The Rietveld refinement analysis yielded unit cell compositions of 53.39% for CuO and 46.61% for NaCuSO4, respectively. The monoclinic structure of CuO was confirmed, and the crystalline size was calculated as 37 nm by XRD analysis. From UV–vis spectroscopy, the absorption peak was observed at 277 and 337 nm, revealing the presence of CuO nanoparticles. In fact, the cluster-like morphology patterns are captured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle sizes were observed around 102 nm. Finally, the dielectric properties of the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles have been examined and reported in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]