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Background: Autopsy, being the precise and detailed study of a person's corpse following death is of different types. Medicolegal autopsy plays the pivotal role to the forensic pathologist. Regular weighing of different types of human viscera plays a significant role in medical sciences as any detection of dereliction in weight from the normal range is suggestive of some pathological changes in the organ. Recording of organ weights is regularly being done by the forensic pathologists during an autopsy. The findings are meant to be compared to what is standard or average of a specific organ for a specific age range and particular sex. The determination of weight of spleen in particular has significant clinical value. Materials and Methods: After getting institutional ethical committee clearance, the study conducted over the body of the 570 deceased came for medicolegal autopsy fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Total 570 cases had been selected after following the inclusion and exclusion criteria out of which 362 were males and 208 were females. Among the studied 570 cases, 362 (63.5 %) were male and rest (36.5 %) were female. In this study the discussion was mainly on relation of age, sex, body weight, and body length upon the weight of spleen. Conclusion: A database may be deduced from this study regarding normal range of the weight of various organs and their relation with external parameters of the subjects which can be applicable on the population of this region for future reference. In severely mutilated bodies found in mass disasters or in homicidal killing, weights of isolated organs may give an idea about the stature, built and age of the victims helping in identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Autopsy is the precise and detailed study of a person's corpse following death. An autopsy is of different types. To the forensic expert, Medicolegal autopsy plays the pivotal role. Study of weight of different types of human body organs plays a significant role in almost all the branches of medical sciences as any dereliction in weight from the normal range is suggestive of some pathological changes in the organ. Recording of organ weights is mandatory by the forensic experts during an autopsy. The findings is to be compared to what is standard or average of a specific organ for a specific age range and particular sex. The determination of weights of kidneys of both sides in particular has significant clinical value. Materials and Methods: After getting institutional ethical committee clearance, the study conducted over the body of the 570 deceased came for medicolegal autopsy fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Total 570 cases had been selected after following the inclusion and exclusion criteria out of which 362 were males and 208 were females. Among the studied 570 cases, 362 (63.5 %) were male and rest (36.5 %) were female. In this study the discussion was mainly on relation of age, sex, body weight, and body length upon the weight of kidneys of both sides. Conclusion: A database may be deduced from this study regarding normal range of the weight of various organs and their relation with external parameters of the subjects which can be applicable on the population of this region for future reference. In severely mutilated bodies found in mass disasters or in homicidal killing, weights of isolated organs may give an idea about the stature, built and age of the victims helping in identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Even in this modern era of advanced knowledge in medical science, still the human skeleton holds its medicolegal importance in forensic anthropology as before. The forensic pathologists still face the dilemma to identify and opine whether the skeletal remains are of human or not along with estimation of the relatively correct age, sex, and height of the specimen available. Innumerable scientific literature is not unavailable in forensic anthropometry for the identification of human skeletons. The examination of the human skeleton is an integral part to serve medico-legal purpose. The pivotal step of forensic investigation usually starts with the sexual differentiation of the adult human bone. The whole skeleton helps to identify the sex of bone (male/female) with almost 100% accuracy. This current pilot study is an attempt of finding morphometric relationship between sex and predefined transverse linear measurements of adult sternum. Materials And Methods: Following the approval of the institutional ethical committee, the research was carried out on 64 adult human sternums that were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In the current study, the study population comprises 38 (59.4%) males and 26 (40.6%) females, selected through the complete enumeration method. Among total 64 cases of the present study 28(43.8%) cases are from 18-39 years age group and 22 (34.4%) cases are from 40-59years age group 14(21.9%) cases are from 60-90years. Predefined transverse linear parameters i.e. Manubrium Width and Mesothermal Width_ both found to be greater in Male sex. Independent t -test also suggested that the sex-wise differences also found to be statistically significant (<0.001) Conclusion: Transitioning from a morphological approach to a morphometric analysis for sex determination based on the sternum is expected to minimize subjective variability, allowing for subsequent refinement and enhancement through more detailed methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Snakes have always managed to grab human attention and have been an object of fear and veneration since historic civilizations. Snakes are found almost all over the world. Snakebite is a common medical emergency and an occupational hazard, more so in Tropical India, where farming is a major source of employment. Venomous snakes prevalent in India usually belongs to 3 families. Snakebite envenomation is a major public health concern in developing countries. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important cause of mortality in patients with vasculotoxic snake bite. In India, renal failure is mostly associated with Russell's Viper & E. Carinatus bites (13-32%). Several mechanisms including hemorrhage, hypertension, haemolysis, haemoglobinuria rhabdomyolysis and DIC as well as the direct effect of the venom have been incriminated in the pathogenesis of snakebite-related nephropathy. Hemodynamic alterations induced by cytokines & vasoactive mediators leading to renal ischemia are important in ARF's pathogenesis, leading to cortical & tubular lesions. Materials and Methods: After getting institutional ethical committee clearance, the study conducted over the body of the 51 deceased came for medicolegal autopsy fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria and following complete enumeration method. Socio-Demography related data were gathered from the Police Inquest. After collection, data were analyzed by available statistical software. Results: Total 51 cases had been selected after following the inclusion and exclusion criteria out of which 29 were males and 22 were females. Incidence of snake bite was maximum during rainy season in the month of June, July, August with August having the highest number of victims (12, 23.6%). Maximum number of victims in the study group fall between the age range 41 to 50 years, Highest age is 73 years & the lowest being 08 years. Out of 51 cases, 30 patients were admitted in BMC&H, while the rest 21 were admitted in other health facilities. Most of the victims were treated at a primary centre before referral. No "Brought -Dead" cases due to venomous snake bite were encountered during study period. Highest number (20, 39.2%) of snakebite occurred between 6am to 12pm, more precisely between 6am to 6:30am, followed by those between 6pm to 12midnight (14, 27.5%). Least incident was in between midnight to 6am. Highest number of bite were in the lower limb (41, 80.5%), followed by upper limb (7, 13.7%). Conclusion: In spite of several limitations and time constraints, this current study tried to focus on some socio demographic profile of victims of fatal snake bite which later may be useful to deploy newer preventive measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In a demographically diverse, vast, and highly densely populated developing country like India, the establishment of the identity of a deceased poses great medico-legal importance. It also poses a great challenge to the forensic pathologist working in an environment where decomposition and taphonomic processes are rapid. Structurally bones resist common degradation and putrefactive changes and remain longer as material for evidential value. Human skeletal remains, which are found under suspicious circumstances and doctors examining them need to give an opinion in the court of law. Forensic experts are often consulted regarding the identification of skeletal remains. One of the important bones that helps to determine sex is the Sternum Bone. For this purpose, a technique will be highly appreciated for the determination of sex from the morphometry of the sternum. This current pilot investigation was designed to determine the sex from the adult human sternum from predefined vertical linear measurements. Materials And Methods: After getting institutional ethical committee clearance, the study was conducted over the 64 adult human sternums screened through the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In the current study, the study population comprises 38 (59.4%) males and 26 (40.6%) females, selected through the complete enumeration method. Among total 64 cases of the present study 28(43.8%) cases are from 18-39 years age group and 22 (34.4%) cases are from 40-59years age group 14(21.9%) cases are from 60-90years. On considering sex, it is found that the mean length of manubrium in male(52.44mm) is greater than that of female (45.19mm). The mean length of body in male(98.44cm) is greater than that of female (83..20cm). Most importantly unstandardized canonical discriminant function was estimated using two pre-defined vertical linear measurements as independent variables (Manubrium Length-ML and Mesosternum Length-SL) as :- D= (0.211* ML) + (0.37* SL) -13.845. CONCLUSION: A paradigm shift from morphological to morphometrical determination of sex from sternum will help to reduce the subjective variation to an extent that can be modified and sophisticated later through more thorough detailing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]