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Previous dual task studies suggested that the difficulty of the concurrent cognitive and motor tasks may not be challenging to the same degree for each person. This study approaches this problem by setting individualized difficulty levels for tasks to examine the dual task interference.Do the features of postural sway depend on increased individualized difficulty levels of concurrent cognitive and postural activities?20 young healthy participants (10 male, 10 female) took part in the study. Before the experiments, cognitive task difficulty (No-, Medium-, High) has been set individually. Subjects performed postural tasks (quiet stance, voluntary sway) concurrently with or without a cognitive task which based on simple arithmetic calculations. Postural sway features were examined.Postural sway features were affected by individualized difficulty level of concurrent cognitive and postural activities. In voluntary sway, as a more challenging postural task, higher reductions were observed for such sway features as COP velocity and range in AP direction.This study signaled task-specific changes in postural sway features. When the difficulty levels were set individually, the effect of motor and cognitive dual task was more apparent when the balance requirement of the primary motor task increased.

Antenatal auto-amputation of the ovary is an extremely rare event, and its diagnosis is difficult. We aimed to retrospectively review the cases with antenatal auto-amputation, where the diagnosis was made based on detection of free-floating cyst during surgery.Patients diagnosed with auto-amputated ovary during the surgery between 2012 and 2021 were included in the study. The data were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical, radiological, surgical, and histopathological findings were recorded.Eight patients underwent surgery for an abdominal cystic mass. The age range of patients who were operated was from 21 days to 9 months. None of the patients had symptoms, except one patient who had a large cyst and was vomiting. Prenatal ultrasound examination indicated an intra-abdominal cyst in all patients, but auto-amputated ovary diagnosis was not made. Differential postnatal diagnoses included an ovarian cyst, ovarian teratoma, tuba-ovarian torsion, mesenteric lymphatic malformation, and intestinal duplication cyst. Only one patient had an auto-amputated ovary suspicion in computed tomography. Laparoscopic exploration (n: 7) or laparotomy (n: 1) was performed. Histopathologic examination was necrosis and calcification (n: 6), necrosis (n: 1), and serous cystadenoma and necrosis (n: 1).We suggest that laparoscopy should be used for diagnosis and treatment of antenatal intra-abdominal cysts that persist postnatally because of diagnostic dilemmas. We recommend in patients diagnosed with auto-amputated ovary that the other ovary should be carefully monitored and followed up in terms of ovarian cyst, due to the possible risk of torsion.

Purpose: Two-dimensional (2D) echo-planar radiofrequency (RF) pulses are widely used for reduced field-of-view (FOV) imaging in applications such as diffusion-weighted imaging. However, long pulse durations render the 2D RF pulses sensitive to off-resonance effects, causing local signal losses in reduced-FOV images. This work aims to achieve off-resonance robustness for 2D RF pulses via a sheared trajectory design. Theory and Methods: A sheared 2D RF pulse design is proposed to reduce pulse durations while covering identical excitation k-space extent as a standard 2D RF pulse. For a given shear angle, the number of sheared trajectory lines is minimized to obtain the shortest pulse duration, such that the excitation replicas are repositioned outside the slice stack to guarantee unlimited slice coverage. A target fat/water signal ratio of 5% is chosen to achieve robust fat suppression. Results: Simulations, imaging experiments on a custom head and neck phantom, and in vivo imaging experiments in the spinal cord at 3 T demonstrate that the sheared 2D RF design provides significant improvement in image quality while preserving profile sharpnesses. In regions with high off-resonance effects, the sheared 2D RF pulse improves the signal by more than 50% when compared to the standard 2D RF pulse. Conclusion: The proposed sheared 2D RF design successfully reduces pulse durations, exhibiting significantly improved through-plane off-resonance robustness, while providing unlimited slice coverage and high fidelity fat suppression. This method will be especially beneficial in regions suffering from a variety of off-resonance effects, such as spinal cord and breast. © 2022 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Purpose In simultaneous transmission and reception (STAR) MRI, along with the coupling of the excitation pulse to the received signal, noise, and undesired distortions (spurs) coming from the transmit chain also leak into the acquired signal and degrade image quality. Here, properties of this coupled noise and its relationship with the transmit amplifier gain, transmit chain noise density, isolation performance, and imaging bandwidth are analyzed. It is demonstrated that by utilizing a recently proposed STAR technique, the transmit noise can be reduced. The importance of achieving high isolation and careful selection of the corresponding parameters are demonstrated. Theory and Methods A cancellation algorithm, together with a vector modulator, is used for transmit-receive isolation. The scanner is modeled as a pipeline of blocks to demonstrate the noise contribution from each block. With higher isolation, coupled transmit noise can be reduced to the point that the dominant noise source becomes acquisition noise, as in the case for pulsed MRI. Amplifiers with different gain and noise properties are used in the experiments to verify the derived noise-transmit parameter relation. Results With the proposed technique, more than 80 dB isolation in the analog domain is achieved. The leakage noise and the spurs coupled from the transmit chain, are reduced. It is shown that the transmit gain plays the most critical role in determining sufficient isolation, whereas the amplifier noise figure does not contribute as much. Conclusion The transmit noise and the spurs in STAR imaging are analyzed and mitigated by using a vector modulator.

Patients with nutcracker syndrome (NCS) associated left varicocele are at high risk of varicocele recurrence when treated only with routine surgical approach for varicocele. An eleven year-old boy who had mild symptoms for NCS and left grade 3 varicocele referred to our clinic. To cure varicocele and to decrease left renal vein pressure, an end to end anastomosis was performed between left spermatic vein and inferior epigastric vein after inguinal microscopic varicocelectomy. His six months follow-up was uneventful. In this case report, we present that this method in children with NCS is a safe and effective method.

The increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs), advancing communication and computation technologies, and reliability concerns of the customers have caused an intense interest in the concept of microgrid. Although DERs are the biggest motivation of the microgrids due to their intermittent generation characteristics, they constitute a risk for system reliability. Battery storage systems (BSSs) stand as one of the most effective solutions for this reliability problem. However, the inappropriate use of BSS creates other operational problems in power systems. In order to deal with these concerns explicitly in microgrids, an optimized microgrid central controller (MGCC) is the key factor, which controls the realtime operation of a microgrid. This work proposes a model predictive control (MPC) based MGCC that will provide optimal control of the microgrid, considering economic and operational constraints. The proposed system will minimize the energy cost of the microgrid by utilizing mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) assuming the presence of DERs and BSS as well as the bi-directional grid connection. Moreover, the aging effect of BSS will be considered in the proposed optimization problem which will provide an up-to-date system model. The proposed method is evaluated using real load and photovoltaic (PV) generation data.

Background: Grade IV gliomas are classified as glioblastoma (GBM), which is the most malignant brain cancer type. Various genetic and epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the initiation and progression of GBM. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that belong to the main epigenetic regulatory RNA class that plays different roles in either physiological or pathological conditions, including GBM pathogenesis regulating expression levels of the target genes. Brain Cancer Stem Cells (BCSCs) are responsible for poor prognosis, including therapy resistance and relapse. Epigenetic regulation mediated by miRNAs is also a critical component of BCSC self renewal and differentiation properties. Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honey bees from various plant sources. The flavonoid content of propolis varies depending on the collection region and the extraction method. Although there are studies that include the effects of different originated-propolis on the miRNA expression levels of the glioblastoma cells, the impact on the BCSCs has not been studied yet. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of propolis obtained from Aydin, a city in western Turkey, on miRNA expression levels of BCSCs and GBM cells. Methods: Aydin propolis was dissolved in 60% ethanol, and after evaporation, distilled water was added to prepare the propolis stock solution. The flavonoids content of the Aydin propolis was determined by MS Q-TOF analysis. Commercially obtained U87MG and BCSCs were used as in-vitro brain cancer models. Cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of Aydin propolis were determined via WST-1 assay and Annexin V test, respectively. The miRNA expression profile was investigated using the real-time qRT-PCR method. The fold changes were calculated by the2-Delta Delta Ct method. The miRNA-mRNA-pathway interactions, including significantly altered miRNAs, were determined using different bioinformatics tools and databases. Results: Quercetin 3-methyl ether was the main component of the Aydin propolis. Aydin propolis did not show significant cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on both GBM and BCSCs up to 2mg/ml concentration. Aydin propolis treatment decreased the expression of nine miRNAs in the U87MG and five miRNAs in the BCSCs. Moreover, ten miRNAs have upregulated from 2.22 to 10.56 folds in propolis treated GBM cells compared to the control group significantly (p, Ege University BAP [13-TIP-101], Y This study was partially supported by Ege University BAP with funding number 13-TIP-101.

Balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) imaging enables high scan efficiency in MRI, but differs from conventional sequences in terms of elevated sensitivity to main field inhomogeneity and nonstandard T2/T1-weighted tissue contrast. To address these limitations, multiple bSSFP images of the same anatomy are commonly acquired with a set of different RF phase-cycling increments. Joint processing of phase-cycled acquisitions serves to mitigate sensitivity to field inhomogeneity. Recently phase-cycled bSSFP acquisitions were also leveraged to estimate relaxation parameters based on explicit signal models. While effective, these model-based methods often involve a large number of acquisitions (N~10-16), degrading scan efficiency. Here, we propose a new constrained ellipse fitting method (CELF) for parameter estimation with improved efficiency and accuracy in phase-cycled bSSFP MRI. CELF is based on the elliptical signal model framework for complex bSSFP signals; and it introduces geometrical constraints on ellipse properties to improve estimation efficiency, and dictionary-based identification to improve estimation accuracy. CELF generates maps of T1, T2, off-resonance and on-resonant bSSFP signal by employing a separate B1 map to mitigate sensitivity to flip angle variations. Our results indicate that CELF can produce accurate off-resonance and banding-free bSSFP maps with as few as N=4 acquisitions, while estimation accuracy for relaxation parameters is notably limited by biases from microstructural sensitivity of bSSFP imaging., Citation Information: DOI 10.1109/TMI.2021.3102852, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging

The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the recurrence detection rate of Gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen [(68Ga)PSMA] imaging and therapy (IT by contrast, bicalutamide and MAB were not found as significant factors. In the present study, (68Ga)PSMA I&T was found to be quite successful in determining lesions in the biochemical recurrence, which is consistent with the findings of other I&T studies and studies conducted with different PSMA ligands. Thus, it can be considered that the use of (68Ga)PSMA I&T will become increasingly common.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the artistic interaction between Eastern and Western cultures through carpet-rug installation artworks in the postmodern art environment. The study focuses on Heike Weber’s, Rudolf Stingel’s and Martin Roth’s installation artworks which they fictionalized on carpets-rugs within the environment of postmodern art. The data in the study were collected through the semiotic analysis and literature review through the carpet-rug installation artworks of the Western artists subject to the study. Semiotic analysis were carried out at a descriptive, narrative and deep-structure level. As a result of the study, it was found that Eastern carpet-rugs have been a source of inspiration for Western artists from past to present; they were used conceptually and technically by Western artists in postmodern installation applications; the use of Eastern carpets-rugs in the installations helped to build a new, original and contemporary discourse on cultural indicators for the Western artists; in addition, they reappear as artistic forms through artistic reproduction and ready-made objects., Bu araştırmanın amacı, postmodern sanat ortamında yer alan halı-kilim enstalasyon çalışmaları üzerinden Doğu ve Batı kültürleri arasındaki sanatsal etkileşimi incelemektir. Araştırma, postmodern sanat ortamında karşımıza çıkan Heike Weber, Rudolf Stingel ve Martin Roth’un halı-kilimler üzerine kurguladıkları enstalasyon çalışmaları üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmada veriler, incelemeye konu olan Batılı sanatçıların halı-kilim enstalasyon çalışmaları üzerinden göstergebilimsel çözümleme ve literatür taraması yoluyla toplanmıştır. Göstergebilim çözümlemeleri betimsel, anlatımsal ve izleksel düzeyde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, Doğu halı-kilimlerinin geçmişten günümüze Batılı sanatçılar için esin kaynağı olageldiği; Doğu halı-kilimlerinden Batılı sanatçılar tarafından postmodern enstalasyon uygulamalarda kavramsal ve teknik açıdan yararlanıldığı; enstalasyonlarda Doğu halı-kilimlerinden yararlanmanın Batılı sanatçılar için kültürel göstergeler üzerine yeni, özgün ve çağdaş bir söylem inşa etmeye yardımcı olduğu; söz konusu enstalasyonlarda Doğu halı-kilimlerinin sanatsal yeniden üretim yoluyla ve hazır nesne özelliğinde sanatsal formlar olarak tekrar karşımıza çıktığı görülmüştür.

Aim: To investigate the corneal-lens densitometry and endothelial cells of Primary myelofibrosis patients.Materials and Methods: We evaluated 49 eyes of 49 primary myelofibrosis patients on follow up in hematology clinic and compared to 46 eyes of 46 age and sex-matched control group . The Scheimpflug images of 90–270 degrees by Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgerate GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) were used for measurement. After pupil dilatation, the corneal apex was marked by pentacam automatically and the diameter of central 6 mm around marked point was analyzed. PNS (Pentacam Nuclear Staging) software was used for densitometric analysis of the lens from a cylindrical region in the nucleus center. Specular Microscope CEM-530 (Nidek, Japan) was used for endothelial cell analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between groups for age and gender(Table1). Corneal density and corneal volume were higher in the patient group but it was not statistically significant (respectively p=0.390, p=0.078). Lens density was found as statistically significantly higher in the patient group compared to the control group(p0.001). For the corneal endothelial analysis by specular microscopy, there was no statistically significant difference for cell density, the coefficient of variant and endothelial hexagonality (respectively, p=0.546, 0.671, 0.103).Conclusion: Primary myelofibrosis does not affect corneal densitometry and corneal endothelial cells. However, there is a higher lens densitometric measurement in Primary myelofibrosis compared to the control healthy group.

In this study, we evaluated our early results of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Between January 2003 and June 2006, 26 patients (4 women and 22 men; age, 1.1-65 years) with preoperatively diagnosed or incidental hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) underwent liver transplantation at our center. Inclusion criteria (independent of tumor size and number of tumor nodules) were no invasion of major vascular structure and no evidence of extrahepatic disease. In 13 of the patients, tumors were beyond the Milan criteria. At this writing, with a mean follow-up of 16.5 months (range, 1-31 months), all patients are doing well with excellent graft function. The longest survival is 2.5 years, and our patient survival rate is 100%. There has been only one tumor recurrence that was 4 months after liver transplantation. Liver transplantation provides long patient and disease-free survival, even in patients with HCC that exceeds the Milan criteria.

The design stage of the first phase of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) telescopes has been recently completed by the SKA Organisation (SKAO). This marks the initial step towards an ambitious vision of designing, constructing, and operating telescopes with an equivalent collecting area of one square kilometre. At the completion of this design stage the project has entered a bridging period to manage work until construction funds are available. During this period many of the software teams from the design stage have been engaged in prototyping lean-agile processes, structures, and practices. By the end of the period the goal is to have pivoted from a document based, stage-gated set of processes arranged around design consortia to a code based, value-flow driven, lean-agile set of processes unified around the Scaled Agile Framework. Two years since the start of this transformation this paper reflects on these processes. We highlight some practices that have been found helpful, as well as the challenges faced. The implementation status is described, along with the main technical and cultural implications, and the preliminary results of adopting a lean-agile culture within the SKA Organisation.

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project is an international effort to build two radio interferometers in South Africa and Australia to form one Observatory monitored and controlled from the global headquarters (GHQ) based in the United Kingdom at Jodrell Bank. The project is now approaching the end of its design phase and gearing up for the beginning of formal construction. The period between the end of the design phase and the start of the construction phase, has been called bridging and, one of its main goals is to promote some CI-CD practices among the software development teams. CI-CD is an acronym that stands for continuous integration and continuous delivery and/or continuous deployment. Continuous integration (CI) is the practice to merge all developers local (working) copies into the mainline very often (many times per day). Continuous delivery is the approach of developing software in short cycle ensuring that it can be released anytime and continuous deployment is the approach of delivering the software frequently and automatically. The present paper wants to analyse the decision taken by the system team (a specialized agile team devoted to developing and maintaining the tools that allows continuous practises) together with SKA architects in order to promote the CI-CD practices with TANGO controls framework.

As the society becomes more dependent on the presence of electricity, the resilience of the power systems gains more importance. This paper develops a decision support method for distribution system operators to restore electricity after an earthquake to the maximum number of customers in the minimum expected duration. The proposed method employs Markov Decision Process (MDP) to determine the optimal restoration scheme. In order to determine the probability of the field component damage due to the earthquake, the Probability of Failure $(P_{f})$ of structures are calculated using the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values recorded by observatories and earthquake research centers during the earthquake.

Background: Aggregation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide is one of the main neuropathological events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neprilysin is the major enzyme degrading Aβ, with its activity enhanced by the neuropeptide somatostatin (SST). SST levels are decreased in the brains of AD patients. The poor delivery of SST over the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and its extremely short half-life of only 3 min limit its therapeutic significance. Methods: We recombinantly fused SST to a BBB transporter binding to the transferrin receptor. Using primary neuronal cultures and neuroblastoma cell lines, the ability of the formed fusion protein to activate neprilysin was studied. SST-scFv8D3 was administered to mice overexpressing the Aβ-precursor protein (AβPP) with the Swedish mutation (APPswe) as a single injection or as a course of three injections over a 72 h period. Levels of neprilysin and Aβ were quantified using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Distribution of SST-scFv8D3 in the brain, blood and peripheral organs was studied by radiolabeling with iodine-125. Results: The construct, SST-scFv8D3, exhibited 120 times longer half-life than SST alone, reached the brain in high amounts when injected intravenously and significantly increased the brain concentration of neprilysin in APPswe mice. A significant decrease in the levels of membrane-bound Aβ42 was detected in the hippocampus and the adjacent cortical area after only three injections. Conclusion: With intravenous injections of our BBB permeable SST peptide, we were able to significantly increase the levels neprilysin, an effect that was followed by a significant and selective degradation of membrane-bound Aβ42 in the hippocampus. Being that membrane-bound Aβ triggers neuronal toxicity and the hippocampus is the central brain area in the progression of AD, the study has illuminated a new potential treatment paradigm with a promising safety profile targeting only the disease affected areas.

Aim: To investigate the clinical features of open globe injuries treated in our clinic.Material and Methods: 65 eyes of 65 patients who were operated for open globe injury between 2016-2018 in Pamukkale University ophthalmology clinic were retrospectively analyzed. File records; age, sex, injury with which eye was affected, the cause and type of injury, biomicroscopic examination findings were recorded. The type of injury was classified as corneal, scleral and cornea-scleralaccording to localization.Results: 65 eyes of 65 patients were included in this retrospective study. 65 of 30 eyes were right eye and 35 eyes were left eye. The mean age of the patients was 41.33 ± 23.52 years. 15 (23.0%) of the patients were under the age of 18 and 50 (67%) were adults. 23 (35.4%) women and 42 (64.6%) men were included in the study. The causes of eye trauma are shown in Table 1. 35 (53.8%) of theinjuries were classified as blunt and 30 (46.2%) were classified as penetrating injuries.Conclusion: Open globe injuries, which is one of the most important causes of preventable blindness, is an important public health problem, we think that necessary precautions should be taken and public awareness should be taken in this direction.

[No abstract available], Amer Soc Clin Oncol

Bias lines routed over a ground plane naturally form microstrip lines associated with the presence of a capacitance. This can lead to unwanted resonances when coupled to Josephson junctions. This work presents an electrical model of a shunted Josephson junction with its bias lines and pads, fabricated with the 1 kA/cm$^2$ RSFQ niobium process of the FLUXONICS Foundry. A compact LCL T-model is used to simulate the microwave behavior of the bias line, predict resonances and design resonance-free superconducting circuits. The I-V characteristics of three shunted Josephson junctions have been obtained from time-domain simulations done with JSIM and show a good match with the global behavior and experimentally observed resonance at 230 GHz, measured at 4.2 K. The influence of the position and value of a series resistor placed on bias lines is studied to damp unwanted resonances at the junction., Presented at ISEC2019 conference

Bu çalışmada yere iniş ve sıçrama hareketlerine yatkın olan ve olmayan kişilerin, yere iniş kinetiği ve postüral stabilite performansları incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya voleybol oyuncuları (n=6) ve sedanter üniversite öğrencilerinden (n=6) oluşan 12 sağlıklı, genç kadın gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Yüksekten kuvvet platformu üzerine çift ayak ile iniş sonrası 20 s sakin duruş denemelerine ait yer tepki kuvvetleri büyüklük ve zamansal yapısı analiz edilmiş, dinamik ve statik postüral stabilite performansları belirlenmiştir. Yere temas anı, yer tepki kuvveti dikey bileşeni (DYTK) pik değeri (DYTKpik) ve bu değere ulaşılan süre (tpik) yükleme hızının (YH) hesaplanmasında kullanılmıştır. Yere temas anı ile DYTK’nın 1 vücut ağırlığına eşit olduğu ana kadar geçen süre (tDS:dinamik postüral stabilite süresi) belirlenmiş, sakin duruş safhasında (tSS:statik postüral stabilite periyodu) basınç merkezi (COP) değişimlerinden COP Hızı (COPHız), COP Elips Alanı (EA) ve COP Değişim Aralığı (DA) hesaplanmıştır. DYTKpik, dinamik ve statik postüral stabilite değişkenlerinin gruplar arası karşılaştırmasında Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Voleybolcu grupta DYTKpik (p=0.015) ve YH (p=0.004) değerleri daha düşük, tDS (p=0.001) süresi ise daha uzun ve iki grup arasındaki farklılıklar istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. DYTKpik ve YH değerleri arttıkça tDS’nin artış eğiliminde olduğu gözlenmiştir. Spearman sıra korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre tDS ile DYTKpik (rs=-0.461, p

Measurements of the I-V curves of DC Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices (DC-SQUIDs) can show unexpected resonances that reduce their performance. They can be due to capacitive couplings in the circuitry of the magnetic field capturing loop. We developed a compact model of the SQUID circuitry associated to time-domain simulations to compare with experimental measurements performed for temperatures from 3K to 5K in an unshielded closed-cycle GM cooler. An RCSJ model is used for the Josephson junctions, while microstrip lines make use of a CLC π-model. It is seen that parasitic capacitances must be considered with time-domain simulations to account for experimentally observed resonances. A more accurate model is still necessary to find a quantitative match for the resonances frequencies.

A method is developed to calculate the distribution of the applied bias current over each of the Josephson junctions of a bi-SQUID in presence of external magnetic field, considering that the magnetic field changes are much slower than the Josephson frequency. The equations are solved numerically to find the magnetic pattern of the Bi-SQUID circuit as a function of Josephson junctions and superconductor loops parameters. These solutions help design better sensors and circuits with higher dynamic range.

The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the recurrence detection rate of Gallium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen [(This retrospective study included 107 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy and who underwent (Patients with a median PSA level of 1.22 ng/mL were divided into seven groups according to the PSA values. The lowest lesion detection rate was found to be 7/16 patients (43.8%) when the PSA was 0.2 ng/ml, and the highest lesion detection rate was found to be 33/33 patients (100%) when the PSA was 3.5 ng/ml. There was a positive correlation between PSA level and ppSUVIn the present study, (

Amaç:Göz sağlığı okuryazarlığını ölçen bir ölçek oluşturmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, Mart-Nisan 2018 tarihleri arasıPamukkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Göz Kliniğine başvuran hastalar üzerindegerçekleştirile metodolojik bir araştırmadır. Çalışmanın örnek hacmi,geliştirilecek ölçeğin madde sayısının 10 katı olabilir kuralıyla yaklaşık 250olarak kabul edildi. Göz kliniğine başvuran hastalara çalışma hakkındabilgi verilerek yazılı onamları alındı ve muayene öncesi hazırlanan anket formuygulandı. Sonrasında ölçeğin güvenilirliği, yapı geçerliliği, uyum indexlerihesaplandı.Bulgular: Uzman görüşleri doğrultusunda ölçekteki madde sayısı25’e düşürüldü. İki faktörde yüksek yük değerine (0,40 değerinin üstünde)sahip beş madde ölçekten çıkartılmıştır. Geriye kalan 20 madde ile yenidenfaktör analizi yapılmıştır. Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) ve Barlett testlerisonucunda, Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) katsayısının 0,944 ve Barlett testinin iseanlamlı olduğu (p, Purpose:To create a scale that measures eye health literacy.Material and Method: This study is a methodological study onpatients who applied to the opthalmology clinic of Pamukkale University Facultyof Medicine. The sample size of the study was accepted to be approximately 250which may be 10 times the number of items. After giving information about thestudy and obtaining written consent, the questionnaire form prepared before theexamination was applied. Subsequently, the reliability of the scale, coveragevalidity, compliance indexes were calculated. Result: Five items with high load (more than 0.40) wereremoved from the scale in two factors. Factor analysis was performed again withthe remaining 20 items. As a result of Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) and Barletttests, the Kaiser-Meyer Olkin (KMO) coefficient was found to be 0.944 and theBarlett test was significant (p

With the developing technology, acceleration of visual production and increasing of peoples’ relation with generated visuals (painting, photograph, video, computer games, poster, etc.), is a situation which affect perceptual and behavioral characteristic of people. As a result of connection with generated visuals, changes at the perception and behavior of people remind social learning and visual culture terms which have relation with seeing and visuality fields. Relation between the social learning theory, which states that learning occurs through observation in social environment, and visual culture subject is a mystery. Due to this reason, the research aims to investigate relation between social learning and visual culture. Theoretical structures of the social learning and visual culture terms were pointed out in this research, and relation between these two terms were argued at theoretic level. In consequence of this research, it was seen that experiences, people obtain from connection with visual culture forms in their daily life, and social learning have connections. It was realized that visual culture forms supply vicarious livings to the observers prone to observe and imitate of behaviors that have model characteristic. It was seen that the livings, acquired observational learning from visual culture forms, is a shaping factor for individuals’ attitudes and actions. In the study, it was seen that examining the visual culture as an environmental factor in the context of social learning will help to understand and illuminate the changing, transforming and deriving aspects of human behavior in the 21st century. © 2018 Published by T& K Academic.

Background: KRAS mutations have a significant role in the consecutive activation of RAS.RAF.MEK.ERK pathway in colorectal cancer.Approximately 30.35% of sporadic colorectal cancers have KRAS mutation. While the predictive role of KRAS is commonly accepted at the present time, its prognostic role and association with different clinical and histopathological properties are currently unclear and inconsistent. The intent of this study, has been to evaluate the associations between KRAS gene mutations and clinicopathological features and survival times in Turkish colorectal cancer patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, the file records of 115 metastatic colorectal cancer patients who applied to the Department of Medical Oncology between 2000 and 2011 were monitored; data on clinicopathological features and survival times were collected. DNA.sequencing method with PCR amplification from archival paraffin blocks were used for KRAS mutation status analysis. The associations between KRAS mutation status and clinicopathological features and survival times were compared statistically. Results: While a significant association hadbeen determined between KRAS mutation status and tumor localization, there was no determined significant association with other clinicopathological properties. Similarly, there was no association between KRAS mutation status and survival parameters. Conclusions: As a result, the effect of KRAS mutation status on clinicopathological features, survival time and prognosis is unclear.