Search

The aim of the bachelor thesis is to define the concept of joy and introduce the theme of happiness in all its vastness. The work is divided into two main parts, the theoretical part and the empirical part. In the theoretical part, first the concept of joy is clarified, then the individual triggers of joy are described, then I focus on the moment of the initiation of joy and its experiencing, afterwards I deal with the manifestations of joy and its impact, while I also mention the preconditions for experiencing joy and the pathology of joy, and in the end of this part I am preoccupied with the question of how one can evoke joy in everyday life, also within the concept of a meaningful life. The empirical part follows the theoretical part, more specifically it follows the chapter dealing with the experiencing of joy. The proposal of the qualitative research is focused on the examination of the experiencing of joy caused by three different situations evoking joy. The method of the research is grounded theory.

Change blindness and choice blindness are phenomena, research on which is not only interesting, but also essential for better understanding of attention, formation of internal representations, decision making processes, formation and stability of preferences. The thesis introduces change blindness and choice blindness in theoretical relations, briefly submits crosscut of research studies of these phenomena and factors affecting them. In relationship to the literature review part, this thesis also contains a proposal of empirical study investigating the influence of demand characteristics on choice blindness in context of consumer preferences. Keywords: Change blindness Choice blindness Preferences Internal representations Decision making

This thesis focuses on identification of predictors and conditions of employee engagement in organizational context. The theoretical part of this work is aimed on various approaches to identifying and measuring employee engagement, including modern approaches and methods. Theoretical concepts concerning gender and workplace diversity are also viewed, in order to identify engagement predictors. The empirical part consists of a research that identifies predictors and conditions of engagement in a specific organization. Statistical analyses and interpretations are made, based on the collected data. This thesis primarily aims to enrich Czech scientific literature concerning this topic by providing practical information and data from a manufacturing company. 2

The theoretical part of this thesis includes the theoretical concepts of cognitive functions and attention. The following section deals with traumatic brain injuries, their division and measurement of their severity. Another chapter includes characteristics and aspects of attention disorders that can set in as a result of traumatic brain injury, and the problems that can be caused by the attention impairment in the activities of daily living. The main point of this work is the neuropsychological assessment of attention and the following rehabilitation, especially the cognitive rehabilitation of attention and compensatory strategies of attention disorders. The practical part consists in the research proposal of efficacy of physical activity as the supportive supplement to the cognitive rehabilitation of attention via cognitive-rehabilitation program Neurop-2. It is based on the recent findings of the presence and characteristics of neurogenesis in adult persons. Keywords: traumatic brain injury, attention impairment, neuropsychological assessment of attention, cognitive rehabilitation, physical activity

This work summs the development of the research of influence of cognitive and emotional determinants on decision making since its beginning in 1940s, when it was studied in the framework of the theory of games, through the theory of heuristics of Tversky and Kahneman, cognitive biases theory, to the Naturalistic Decision Making movement and the somatic marker hypothesis. These most significant movements are, for the purposes of this work, divided into "normative" and "postnormative". This compilational work is supplemented with a proposal of a qualitative research of intuition of psychological therapists, which is, to date, explored only in a small extent.

The bachelor thesis deals with volition, will traits and self-education of students. Volition is understood as a synthetic function of personality, evolutionary highest function of self-regulation and a limited cognitive source. Will traits are considered an outer manifestation of will, self-education (especially its Czech equivalent) is considered an outdated term that is being replaced by similar topics of research such as procrastination. Several philosophical and psychological concepts of will and self-regulation are outlined. Author concieves much of them similar, suggesting emotional, impulsive system (thymos, id, hot system) is usually put opposite to a rational system (logos, ego, cool system). Succesful self-regulation is therefore based on an ability to master the emomotional, hot system. Another part of the paper deals specifically with self-education and variables that are affecting it (individual traits, motives, time and stress, role of a teacher and group). Several methods of self-education are described: self-discovery, formulation of educational goals, precommitment, implementation intention, creating of a habit, reaching flow. The paper ends with a research proposal, that would measure individual differences of students in terms of personality traits (especially self-control and...

This master thesis discusses employees appraisal in a selected organization. The theoretical part is devoted to expressions from the area of staff appraisal. Topics such as performance management, performance appraisal and work performance are clarified. Further the common process of employees appraisal is described, including its meaning and functionality. appraisal criteria are specified and selected appraisal metods are described. A specific chapter is devoted to forced distribution method. In the end of this part characteristics of high quality and effective employees appraisal are listed. In the empirical part a specific organization is presented, including description and analysis of used employees appraisal system. The goal of the research is through the analysis of the employees appraisal system and with the help of interviews with its employees determine the characteristics of a quality employees appraisal system. Based on the results of the conducted research recommendations leading to higher efectivity of employees appraisal are formed. Keywords: performance appraisal, performance management, appraisal metods, forced ranking

1 Abstract The aim of the thesis is the contentual and procedural analysis of customers purchase behavior. Both analyses point out several internal and external factors, which play their role in customer's decision making process. The result of this process is or is not the purchase of the product. The combined research enables to identify the factors and determine their importance. In the qualitative research part parameters of the research are set based on semi-structured interviews. The parameters are then quantitatively measured according to their importance, after that they are analysed by means of factor analysis and via comparison the statistically important differences in decision making process among several target groups. Considering also the external factors influencing the sales process the perception of the same parameters by salesmen is researched as well, because they are a part of the customers decision making process and whose expectations also actively affect the process. The discovered factors were then compared with the Maslow's hierarchy of needs. From the other results of the research the conclusion was drawn that there do exist statistically important gender differences, differences between perception of the customers needs among various owners of sales points and among salesmen....

This bachelor thesis addresses the issue of the career counseling within organizations. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the topic of career, its historical development and current conceptions of career. Further it deals with the topic of career counseling, its historical development and some key concepts and approaches. One of areas where can be career counseling applied is organizational context. Career counseling is a part of a wider career support that can be provided by organizations to their employees. Bachelor thesis summarize how can be career counseling in organizations utilized, which are its goals in the organizational context and how it relates to another activities of career management. Applied part of the thesis proposes the project of the research with the objective of developing a questionnaire that could measure the need of the use of the career counseling within organizations.

This bachelor thesis deals with a to this day very briefly studied topic of aspirations and their dynamics when achieving more demanding goals. From the scope of the thesis' structure, the text is divided into five theoretic chapters and an empirical one presenting the design of the research. The first part of the thesis is preoccupied with the outline of the aspirations problem, the description of basic terms, the history of the scientific research in this field and with the motivational tendencies to succeed and to avoid failure in general. A major part of the text is dedicated to the level of aspiration theory. The structure of the aspiration levels is depicted, so as their settings, possible modifications and studies that have dealt with this issue. The next chapter deals with the impact of aspiration on achieving goals, factors that determine the level of aspiration and changes in self-perception. The fifth and final chapter in the theoretic part contains chosen findings from the field of sport psychology and other applied disciplines related to the aspiration phenomenon. The core of the subsequent empirical section is the design of a study from the field of sport psychology.

Bachelor thesis in the form of scoping study summarizes Daniel Kahneman contribution to the psychology of thinking. It surveys his work from the 70s of the 20th century the subjective probability, which deals with the application of heuristics and biases in the judgement of uncertain events. It continues with prospect theory which is a descriptive model of human decision making under risk, and which reveals the automatic and systematic violations of principles of rationality in decision making. After that it focuses on Kahneman's research from the 90s in the field of hedonic psychology from the perspective of a cognitive psychologist. The thesis completes with his current work popularizing the fast and slow thinking. Part of this work is a research proposal of the price of memories from holidays, aiming to verify Kahneman's concept of the difference between the experienced utility and decision utility.

This thesis deals with the topic of motivation, specifically with the dynamic aspect of motivation in achieving a distant goal. The teoretical part of the thesis can be devided into two main parts, the first one is based on key motivational concepts and hopes targets on the most relevant theories, the second one focuses on the dynamic side of motivation as viewed from the perspective of the concept of goals. Emphasis is placed on psychologicaly distant and difficult goals. The thesis, especially the section focused on goals, reflects the latest theoretical findings, which serve not only to describe the problem, but underly many interventional techniques. The empiricial part, concept of an quantitative research, is based on the previous theoretical findings. The research aims to assess the possible impact of the proposed intervention technique focused on achieving a distant goal.

This thesis is devoted to the method of assessment centres and their predictive validity. The theoretical part is focused on the history and development of assessment centres, their design, course, participants, description of the most commonly used techniques, possible uses, advantages and disadvantages of this method. A separate chapter deals with their validity and methods of measuring validity in assessment centres. In addition, this section analyses related topics - adaptation of employees and employee turnover. The empirical part focuses on describing and measuring the degree of predictive validity of an assessment centre, which have been used between years 2010 and 2012 by an unnamed insurance company for employee selection for a position Insurance Consultant. In this part of the thesis, the conducted research is characterized. The results showed that the predictive validity of assessment centres used in the organization was 0.20 - but this result was not found to be statistically significant. At the end there is the discussion about possible factors that might have influenced the research and consideration of the possibilities of increasing this assessment centre's validity.

This thesis provides brief overview of key surveys and theories dealing with the influence emotions have on selected executive functions (decision making and judgment). It discusses the issue using the theoretical framework of cognitive-experiential Self-theory (CEST), and emphasizes current knowledge and experimental approaches. It describes various approaches to understanding of emotions and their influence, such as the theories of emotional valence and affect, embodied emotions or motivational role of emotions. The thesis includes a quality research design aimed on emotional goals of specific basic emotions (fear, anger, sadness and joy). The results will provide a theoretical framework for the "feeling-is- for-doing" approach focused on the motivational component of emotions, allowing to examine it empirically.

This work handles a topic of values and value orientations. We treat values as one of the issues on a broader field of motivation. From this point of view we placed values in a motivation system pattern. We deal with a more general characteristics of motivation just in order to understand a topic of values. The values and value orientations are elaborated with the help of a number of psychological theories. We are concerned with a developmental traits of values especially in adolescence and early adulthood. The theoretical part is followed on by a concept of psychological research - qualitative and quantitative. The purpose of this project is to get a basic understanding of value orientations among teenagers and young adults and to estimate their moral values and motivation. Keywords: values, value orientations, adolescence, early adulthood

The theoretical part of this thesis deals with the temporal aspect of memory allocation, memory allocation according to the type of information and also in terms of processes. Another chapter is on memory impairment, retrograde and anterograde amnesia. The following section includes traumatic brain injuries, their division, mechanism of development and comatose condition measurement, which results in the pivotal division of brain injuries - mild, moderate and severe. The main point of this work is the cognitive rehabilitation, which should precede a neuropsychological examination. In case of memory, there are some specific tests (AVLT, ROCFT, BVMT-R). The thesis presents researches on the cognitive rehabilitation, information about the computer-assisted rehabilitation and books that deal with the topic. The thesis then briefly apprises of the possibilities of the pharmacotherapy, in the form of cognitives, psychostimulants and nootropics. The conclusion summarizes the psychological impact on the family and patient. The practical part is based on the research proposal of cognitive rehabilitation of memory, it is based on the latest research published in impacted journals and covers several approaches that are linked to the neuroplasticity or the cognitive training. Keywords: traumatic brain injury,...

This thesis entitled Body-Mind Problem describes the issue as a traditional point of view, through the philosophical conception of the relationship between body and mind and the historical development of links between body and mind. Unusual point of view with an overlap in psychological practice describes the current field of psychology applying the relation of body and mind - constitutional typology, psychotherapy focusing on the body and psychosomatics. The practical part of this work is aimed at determining the influence of dance movement therapy, as one of the types of psychotherapy focused on the body, on reducing emotional problems in children aged 4-6 years.

This work handles the development of ideas about psychology of experiencing. These phenomenons are monitored on a platform of cognitive and humanistic psychology since their formation to present status including indicators of future progression. To a large extent also benefits from the contributions of phenomenology for understanding the experience. The work combined findings from the literature with data from introspection including my own. Experience and experiencing is viewed in the context of life events and personality development. This part is followed by the concept of self-actualization. As the transition between the two parts is used outline of humanistic psychology and self-actualization as a psychological phenomenon. Attention is directed to the ideas of main representants of humanistic psychology. The work focuses on the various developmental stages of the individual and his experiencing dependent on satisfying the needs from the perspective of selected psychological theories, it includes the phenomena of flow and sensation seeking. In the last part is outlined psychological research. It consists of two parts - both qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative part is made by examining a smaller number of respondents (5-7) and is focused on deeper examination of specific individuals...

This thesis deals with the possibility of dyadic relationships development through the partner dance. It incorporates both the individual and group dance specifics, and it is an encounter of two indivi- duals on both body and psychological level. As a partner dances representative is chosen the Argen- tine Tango - it is especially suitable for a therapy for its key characteristics and therefore represents a huge part in a field of psychological application of partner dance. It is a dance of two individuals who - in a mutual embrace and spontaneous improvised movement - are becoming one. The dyadic moment of the partner dance (including above all mutual communication, intimacy, roles and heading towards unity) represents a parallel to the dya- dic relationship in general. The thesis is looking into the history of dance in order to remind the importance of dancing in the human life. It deals with Argentine Tango key aspects for possible dyadic relationship development, maps the research support of this subject and introduces the reader to its psychotherapeutic application. On this field examination basis a quantitative-qualitative study is proposed, which would verify and survey the effect of Argentine Tango dancing (in comparison to other partner dances) in dyadic relationships.

In this paper we deal with employee turnover of call centre operators in one particular company. To understand various causes of call centre operators turnover we have executed a qualitative as well as quantitative research. In the qualitative research we have interviewed 16 call centre operators focusing on the turnover causes from the view of the operators. Furthermore we have also interviewed all 3 members of the human resources department. These interviews concerned the functionong of that department as a whole. Finally, we have interviewed a former HR manager of this company, who have shared with us his views about the work, aim and future of the HR department. All these interviews have enabled us to understand what the causes of employee turnover are, and what the members of HR department deal with. In addition, we have executed quantitative research, in which we examined the relation between the rate of employee turnover and age, gender, reaching financial performance goals and work performance. The results of our studies show that there is no statistically significant relationship between age and the operator's termination of employment; length of employment and gender; the time before the termination of the employment relationship on the financial performance goals; nor time effect before...

Purpose: To verify that the psychodiagnostics Vienna Test System (VTS) can be used to test the critical level performance characteristics, abilities and skills which are necessary to drive a car, or which are affecting it, on long-term marijuana users. Methods: Two semi-structured interviews, questionnaire, administration of the test battery VTS. Conclusion: It is possible to construct a test battery to be used on long-term marijuana users, which can determine whether the subject is theoretically able to drive even under the influence of THC. However, this test battery must be subjected to a quantitative verification. Keywords: computerized diagnostic, VTS (Vienna Test System), driving car, long-term marihuana users

This thesis deals with the relationship between Working Memory, Working Memory Span tasks and general factor g and Broad cognitive abilities. In addition the relationship between Working Memory and Transitive Inference is investigated. Measured constructs are introduced in the theoretical part, with their evolution, various methods of their measurement and studies investigating the relation between them. The empirical part of the research has been conducted to verify the relationship between Working Memory and general intelligence factor g. It has been done to reveal the relationship between Working Memory Span tasks and Broad cognitive abilities as well. The relationship between visuo-spatial Working Memory and Transitive Inference has also been researched. The question concerning the influence of the use of strategy while performing the automatic version of Working Memory Span tasks has been investigated as well.

This thesis presents a contribution to exploration of the business ethics area from the psychological point of view with focus on multidisciplinary character of the subject. The empirical part brings mapping study describing the implementation of the business ethics management system and its impacts on the employees' approaches using example of the specific company. The thesis tries to capture which company functions and operations are covered by the code of ethics, what steps and process were taken when implementing the code, if the implementation of the code influenced employees' approaches and relation to the employer and if the implementation of the code influenced the ways how employees solved their moral dilemmas. The qualitative research part of the thesis uses semi-structured interviews, company documents analysis and observation.

Emotionality as an inevitable part of psychic processes of a man is an important variable in everyday social interactions. Formal work environment and the context of leadership influence behavior of people in connection with specific features typical for individual social roles. Gender as a social and cultural construct belongs to person's characteristics and it is conditioned by a situation, and as well as social roles it has an impact on emotional manifestation of an individual.. The research on emotional expresivity specifics of individual groups in relation to their gender and work position was carried out on the sample of 259 leading and non-leading employees. The results confirmed a possible relation of various modality of emotional manifestation to gender and leadership, as well as persistent perception of leadership role as a masculine one. There is a question emerging whether a professional role impact is transferred into private areas of leaders' life and to what extent are the changes - which may this social role contribute to - permanent in time.

The thesis presents results of a qualitative research conducted in The Giant Mountains National Park (Czech Republic). The research objective was to assess effects of various behaviour modification strategies on rule acceptance among Park visitors. Using a particular group of visitors (i.e. skialpinists) as an example, the conflict relationship between Park authorities and the public is described, as well as its sources and consequences for conservation efforts. Moreover, effectivity of six psychological strategies (participation, modelling, feedback providing, information providing, social norms highlighting and prompts) aimed at enhancing rule acceptance is discussed, based on focus group, as well as "real life test" data.

In the theoretical part of dissertation main ideas and concepts of narrative psychology are reviewed. The notion of both narrative and paradigmatic knowing coined by Jerome Bruner is explained. The importance of story and narrative for organizing and understanding human experience is discussed. Other psychological functions of both story and narrative metaphor are mentioned. In the empirical part selected stories that could be considered as a part of European cultural heritage (cultural meta-narratives) are analysed. The methods used for story analysis are TAT (ThematicApperception Test) and CCRT (Core Conflictual Relationship Theme, Luborsky et al.). The aim of the empirical part is to verify the construct of "a latent story". Another goal is to identify repeating motives in the selected stories, that could be used as a form of projective method. Keywords Story, narrative, latent story, narrative psychology, myth.

This thesis deals with the relationship between Working Memory, Working Memory Span tasks and general factor g and Broad cognitive abilities. Measured constructs are introduced in the theoretical part, with their evolution, various methods of their measurement and studies investigating the relation between them. The empirical part of the research has been conducted to verify the relationship between Working Memory and general intelligence factor g. It has been done to reveal the relationship between Working Memory Span tasks and Broad cognitive abilities as well. The question concerning the influence of the use of strategy while performing the automatic version of Working Memory Span tasks has been investigated as well.

The following study is an attempt to investigate the genesis of the traditional yoga and its evolution in our region. For this purpose we created the model of traditional structured yoga system based on the non-dualistic reality. The practical part of the study is based on the research of the application of the traditional yoga on development of an integrated sense of identity (self), which allows creating positive, longlasting and enduring social relationships needed for development of human relationship and growth. Its effects are visible on physical, mental, social and especially spiritual health. It helps to mobilize the will power, self-discipline, to remove the bad habbits, and risk factors, and it also helps to adapt healthy lifestyle. Psycho-social research of the human in multicultural environment, where yoga seminars take place, helps better understand ancient Vedic paradigma "one world - one society" and reveals how yoga contributes to self-confidence, helps to overcome the prejudices. Self-awareness and self-discipline play important role. It can be a way how to develop human resources and to solve burning problems of our modern multicultural society and health resort transformation . This practical part includes also effects of the yogic exercicing, called Hospital Yoga Model on the...

Memory in the chess-players is one of the most important cognitive functions of all - especially as far as their ability to remember the chess positions is concerned. The theoretical part of this thesis implies both - an account of general memory characterizations with their evolution and the summary of the hitherto published results of the research from the domain connected with memory and chess performance in the adults but with a rare analysis of children playing chess. Therefore in the experimental part the author is concentrated mainly on the relationship between the chess performance and memory in children. The experimental group was constituted from 31 children of different efficiency in chess starting from 8 to 15 years of age. A part of the group was represented by the pupils of one of the elementary Prague schools, the other one was formed by the members of the junior chessclub of Prague. Results of this experiment showed a significant relationship of the memory to both - the meaningfull chess position as well as to the random chess position. A secondary finding was that there was no a significant relationship between memory abilities and age of the respondents. According to the positive influence of chess on the memory in children the author recommends to follow on this topic in the further...

V této diplomové práci se zabývám tématem rozhodování za podmínek rizika a neurčitosti. Rozhodování, popřípadě v užším slova smyslu procesy volby" tvoří nejen všední součást duševního života, bez níž bychom nemohli zahájit den, ale i výsostnou součást té části naší psychicky, již lze chápat jako duchovní - rozhodování je výsostným projevem svobody vůle a inteligence člověka a jeho schopnosti abstrahovat od přítomného okamžiku a zaměřit se na cíl, jenž není bezprostředně a konkrétně přítomen. Konečně, nejslavnější otázka všech dob se týká právě rozhodování - " Zda být či nebýt?" Hamletovské dilema (z hlediska rozhodovací vě9y) rozpracovávám v kapitole o modelování rozhodnutí.

The author of the dissertation finds three approaches which can be taken as for the topic of objectivity and subjectivity: the cartesian, the kantian and the postmodern. He adopts the kantian approach, which leads to K. R. Popper's philosophy of science. On the basis of Popper's thoughts the author finds two concepts of objectivity: outer unknowable objectivity of the world, and inner objectivity of logic as a tool for knowledge. Outer objectivity or the world per se is a metaphysical concept for the unreachable limit of our knowledge. The author also distinguishes two concepts of subjectivity: subjective (known) experience, which is the most immediate tool for knowing outer objectivity, and objective (experienced) experience or experience per se which is identical with outer objectivity. The author's theory of objectivity and subjectivity thus contains three parts: outer objectivity/objective experience, subjective experience and inner objectivity. The author applies it as background for conversations in the sphere of helping professions. The first part which is metaphysical can only be presupposed. Therefore subjective impressions are the base of the conversation, purely individual for everybody, but presented if possible in so logical context that they can be understandable to other participants of the...

The paper is mapping the key definitions and approaches related to the terms of "team" and "working group" and their application in managing organizations. It provides the overview of the methods of creating and successive leading teams. The focal point of the paper contains the overview of basic creative techniques used by teams in problem solving as well as their key characteristics.

In theoretical part of this thesis the aim is to define the concept of happiness with its broader consequences. As the basic frame for following reasoning is chosen the assumption of an emotional basis of happiness therefore the concept of emotion is discussed in detail. Besides the basic approach to happiness the fundamental historic view follows including religion, philosophy and psychology. After that happiness is defined in detail followed by differential definition, folk concept of happiness and broader partition. In this thesis the interest also focuses on biological, social, psychological and spiritual aspects of happiness, which are discussed in detail. For a summary the factors influencing happiness are recapped in a special chapter. The interest also focuses on happiness from developmental view. As the imaginary height of the whole theoretical part are considered the chapters about the effects of happiness, meaning and positive strategies with the special regard on the consequences, an inner source and the possibilities of improving happiness. In the empirical part of this thesis the aim is creating the grounded theory of happiness based on qualitative methodology. This theory expresses the specific categories with their relationships as occurring in individual interviews and offers the...

The thesis discusses questions about the nature of the human mind, the process of language acquisition and the cognitive development in general and presents results of connectionist modelling of one of the seminal developmentally-psycholinguistic phenomena - segmentation of continuous speech flow on the basis of phonotactic and prosodic cues. In the general part of the thesis there is at first briefly introduced the philosophical topic of mind-body problem and then there is described intellectual, historical and cognitively-anthropological background of the computational-representational paradigm which is in the contemporary cognitive science the most prevailing view of the human mind treating the mental life as a kind of computation in the sense of manipulation and transformation of syntactic structures.

In theoretical part of this thesis the aim is to define the concept of happiness with its broader consequences. As the basic frame for following reasoning is chosen the assumption of an emotional basis of happiness therefore the concept of emotion is discussed in detail. Besides the basic approach to happiness the fundamental historic view follows including religion, philosophy and psychology. After that happiness is defined in detail followed by differential definition, folk concept of happiness and broader partition. In this thesis the interest also focuses on biological, social, psychological and spiritual aspects of happiness, which are discussed in detail. For a summary the factors influencing happiness are recapped in a special chapter. The interest also focuses on happiness from developmental view. As the imaginary height of the whole theoretical part are considered the chapters about the effects of happiness, meaning and positive strategies with the special regard on the consequences, an inner source and the possibilities of improving happiness. In the empirical part of this thesis the aim is creating the grounded theory of happiness based on qualitative methodology. This theory expresses the specific categories with their relationships as occurring in individual interviews and offers the...

This graduation thesis tries to summarize the systemic thouf.(ht, its scientist sources, systemic thought development and general and tbeoretical bases. This NL A. thesis is theoretical/y aimed and its objective is to present a synthesis of the systemic approach .. The systemic approach is a new point oť view in psychology, with its roots in 1950's. The systemic thought is inspired by three basic theoretical sources: general system theory, radical constructivism and social constructionism. The theory of systems is an interdiscip/inary theory that studies properties of systems as a whole. The radical constructivism is an approach to the problem of knowledge and knowing. ft starts from the assumption that knowledge is in the heads of persons, and that the thinking subject has no alternative but to construct what they know on the basis of their own experience. The social constructionism aims to discover the ways in which individuals and groups participate in the creation of their perceived reality. ft involves looking at the ways social phenomena are created, institutionalized, and forged into tradition by humans. The "socially constructed reality" is seen as an ongoing, dynamic process: the reality is reproduced by people acting on their interpretations and their knowledge of it. Furthermore, this thesis...

The topic of these master theses is visual shape perception, or more specifically: perception of orthogonal geometrical figures inspired by architectural design. The theoretical base of the project is psychological theory of visual perception - mainly contemporary informational approach - and the concept of figural goodness in psychology, aesthetics and theory of architecture. The practical part of the project is an experimental research on shape preferences of 61 experimentees. The experimental stimuli were thirty pairs of slightly different geometrical figures, the experimentee was to choose "the better shape of the couple".

Mankind today seems to find itself in new era in context of information technologies. Following the era of industrial revolution with its stress on "the more is, the better is", now the subtle, complex and multi-meaningful era of information technologies seems to take over. We seem to see general increase of stress on cognitive actions of mental modelling, requiring some cognitive competence, like ability to deal with symbols. lntellective skills are not equally distributed in population, and having said that we can see there is a space for new hierarchies. Digital information processing seems to be more detached from direct sensory feelings. The experience is thus not any more gained by repeated exposure to known sensory-physical procedures, but it is gained by own private ideation and by symbolic action of mind. These kinds of thoughts bring with them number of philosophical and ethical questions, requiring to redefine for example What is the nature of human. ls it, that by developing new tools ba sed on electronic technologies, which can exceed traditional natural means, mankind is creating new world of such complex way, that it will have difficulties to deal with it?

The mm of the master thesi s "Rehabilitation of cognitive functions in patients afteľ bľain injury" was to claľify these problems fľom pľactical point of view. In the first chapter readers get acquainted with kinds of brain injury. The second chapter deals with cognitive tlmctions and the third, most extensive, lS dedicated to rehabilitation of patients after brain injury. The ľehabilitation lS conceived as a complex process involving care of patients in the biological, psychicaL social and physical sphere. The empirical part concentrates on training oť attention. Patients after brain injury. who were invol\"ed in the study. vvere divided into two groups. Within three weeks one group practiced on computer (programme RehaCom) and the other attended occupational therapy. We investigated whether there are any diťferences in the influence of training of attention by means oť computer programme or occupational therapy. In regard of a smalI sample (five patients in each group) and other conditions we came to the conclusion that the effect of training oť attention appeared in neither group after three weeks. The empirical part is completed with a questionnaire. We addressed the specialist who work with patients after brain injury and asked them what they thought about the training oť attention by means oť computer...