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The purpose of the present paper is to examine the relationship between the ethical attitudes of university students and their Dark Triad personality traits. Research has suggested that the juvenile attitudes of people predict their later behaviour. Therefore, it is worth exploring this area for future aspects. Both topics are at the center of research, both individually and in terms of the correlations between them. In the present paper, we examined the relationship between ethical attitudes and the Dark Triad personality traits through questionnaires used in international research with background variables. We found that the most unethical behaviour is 'Divulging confidential information,' 'Passing blame for your errors to an innocent co-worker,' and 'Claiming credit for someone else's work.' The least unethical behaviour is 'Eating snacks while at your workstation'. Factor analysis and linear regression analysis were used. Despite our expectations, the revealed relationships between ethical attitudes and Dark Triad personality traits were not clearly positive. According to the regression model, the dark triad personality score is lower if the respondent is female, studies at the commerce-marketing major, and has higher values at the following factors: 'physiological unethicalness', 'overcharge', and 'other ethical attitudes' factors.

Abstract Background Digoxin is a widely prescribed drug for congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Digoxin has a narrow therapeutic index and toxicity can develop quite easily. Digoxin immune fab (DIF) is an effective treatment for toxicity, however there are limited studies characterizing its impact on clinical outcomes in real-world clinical practice. Objectives The aim of this study was to identify factors and healthcare outcomes associated with digoxin immune fab (DIF) treatment in patients with confirmed/suspected digoxin toxicity. Methods An IRB-approved retrospective chart review of digoxin toxic patients (2011–2020) presenting at an academic healthcare system was conducted. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Patients were stratified by DIF treatment versus non-DIF treatment. DIF utilization patterns (appropriate, use when not indicated, or underutilized) were determined using pre-defined criteria. Severe digoxin toxicity was defined as having one or more of the following: mental status disturbances, antiarrhythmic therapy, acute renal impairment or dehydration, serum digoxin concentration (SDC) > 4 ng/mL, or serum K+ > 5 mEq/mL. Logistic multivariable regression analysis evaluated factors associated with DIF use. All statistical analyses were performed in R version 4.1. Results Data from 96 patients (non-DIF treated group = 49; DIF treated group = 47) were analyzed. DIF was used appropriately in 70 patients (73%), underutilized in 19 (20%), and administered to 7 (7%) patients when it was not indicated. Several clinical parameters differentiated the DIF from the non-DIF group (p

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin condition. There are many therapeutic options for its treatment; however, none of them is completely effective. Tapinarof is a promising new active substance; it was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of psoriasis. The aim of our study was to prepare topical nanoformulations of the active substance to improve its bioavailability and therapeutic effect. The biocompatibility investigation of the formulations was carried out by MTT assay, and the size distribution of the preparations was investigated by DLS. In parallel, the rheological properties and the texture were examined, and the in vitro release of tapinarof was assessed by the Franz diffusion method. An in vitro wound healing assay was also carried out to study the drug’s properties. Our results show that the preparations were safe on HaCaT cells. The particle size of the formulations was proven to be in the nanoscale range. In the in vitro release studies, nanogel II. showed greater release of the active substance. According to the wound healing assay, incorporation of the drug into nanoformulations increases the antiproliferative and antimigration activity of the drug. Overall, nanoformulations of tapinarof were successfully prepared, and our results suggest that they can be a useful addition to the current therapeutic practice of psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by red, circumscribed, scaly, and erythematous plaques that can cover large skin areas. While conventional treatments such as topical corticosteroids and systemic medications are commonly prescribed, the interest in natural remedies for psoriasis has grown due to concerns about potential side effects and the desire for alternative treatment options. Rosa × damascena Mill. is rich in bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties; these properties make Rosa × damascena Mill. a promising candidate for the management of skin disorders such as psoriasis. In our previous studies, we successfully formulated and tested different topical preparations containing Rosa × damascena Mill. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores in psoriasis treatment using the abovementioned creams containing Rosa × damascena Mill. extract. Several tests were performed to study the correlation between the PASI and DLQI scores in psoriasis patients. Consequently, we were able to observe an improvement in terms of the area, induration, desquamation, and erythema; such an improvement implicitly produces an improvement in patients’ quality of life. The PASI and DLQI scores showed significant progress between visits. These results confirm Rosa × damascena Mill. to be a promising candidate for the topical treatment of psoriatic lesions.

Introduction: Facilitating a successful return to work plays a pivotal role in reintegrating stroke survivors into the community. This study aims to explore the significance of lesion volume in the acute phase of stroke as a predictor for returning to work. Methods: The study population consisted of patients

Introduction: Patients’ demand for perfectly esthetic restorations is unstoppably increasing, however creating naturallooking crowns and FPDs is highly affected by the experience of the dental technician even in the present day. This problem is even more complicated if the abutment is discolored (e.g. obturated). Using modern dental ceramic materials, such as zirconia, it’s essential to know the physical (mechanical and optical) properties of the selected material to achieve the best result. Purpose: The purpose of this in vitro study of Semmelweis University Department of Prosthodontics and Budapest University of Technology and Economics Department of Atomic Physics was to examine specific optical properties of coloured and uncoloured monolithic zirconia materials considering thickness, try-in pastes and substrates of different colours using a spectrophotometer. Materials and methods: Zirconia specimens (A2P1, WHITE, Erran Tech) in 5 different thicknesses (with the thickness range of 0.5–2.5 mm), six types of substrate materials (VITA Simulate), three types of metal substrates and three types of try-in pastes (Variolink Esthetic Try-In Paste, Ivoclar Vivadent) were used in this study. Measurements were carried out at Budapest University of Technology and Economics with a PerkinElmer LAMBDA 1050 UV/Vis/NIR spectrophotometer. Colour differences (ΔE) were calculated using CIEDE2000 formula. Results: Mean of ΔE values of 0.5 mm thick A2P1 specimens was xΔE = 4.10 (σΔE = 2.91); that of specimens having thickness of 2.5 mm was xΔE = 1.88 (σΔE = 0.67). Mean of ΔE values of 0.5 mm thick WHITE specimens was xΔE = 6.40 (σΔE = 2.75); that of specimens having thickness of 2.5 mm was xΔE = 5.46 (σΔE = 0.79). Discussion: The substrate colour and the thickness of zirconia affects the optical results – with special regard to colour perceptibility and acceptability – as well as the shade of the try-in paste under 2 mm ceramic thickness. ΔE values of WHITE specimens are less influenced by the thickness of the ceramic layer, than ΔE values of A2P1 zirconia. Conclusions: Coloured (A2P1) and uncoloured (WHITE) zirconia materials show both similarities and discrepancies in behaviour, i.e. spectral reflectance and ΔE. Using monolithic coloured A2P1 zirconia of a proper thickness to restore discolored teeth can provide the opportunity to modify or mask the original toothshade.

Abstract Background There is strong evidence for the co-occurrence of mental health conditions and alcohol problems, yet physical health outcomes among this group are not well characterised. This study aimed to identify clusters of physical health conditions and their associations with mental health and problematic alcohol use in England’s general population. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the 2014 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N = 7546) was conducted. The survey used standardised measures of problematic alcohol use and mental health conditions, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. Participants self-reported any lifetime physical health conditions. Latent class analysis considered 12 common physical illnesses to identify clusters of multimorbidity. Multinomial logistic regression (adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education, and occupational grade) was used to explore associations between mental health, hazardous drinking (AUDIT 8 +), and co-occurring physical illnesses. Results Five clusters were identified with statistically distinct and clinically meaningful disease patterns: ‘Physically Healthy’ (76.62%), ‘Emerging Multimorbidity’ (3.12%), ‘Hypertension & Arthritis’ (14.28%), ‘Digestive & Bowel Problems’’ (3.17%), and ‘Complex Multimorbidity’ (2.8%). Having a mental health problem was associated with increased odds of ‘Digestive & Bowel Problems’ (adjusted multinomial odds ratio (AMOR) = 1.58; 95% CI [1.15–2.17]) and ‘Complex Multimorbidity’ (AMOR = 2.02; 95% CI [1.49–2.74]). Individuals with co-occurring mental health conditions and problematic alcohol use also had higher odds of ‘Digestive & Bowel Problems’ (AMOR = 2.64; 95% CI [1.68–4.15]) and ‘Complex Multimorbidity’ (AMOR = 2.62; 95% CI [1.61–4.23]). Conclusions Individuals with a mental health condition concurrent with problematic alcohol use experience a greater burden of physical illnesses, highlighting the need for timely treatment which is likely to include better integration of alcohol and mental health services.

Introduction: Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a rare, severe form of thyroid eye disease, in which decreased visual acuity is accompanied by cha racteristic MRI findings. The treatment of DON has always been a challenge. Case presentation: In a patient in whom visual acuity deteriorated on the left eye, mannitol 20% 200 mL followed by furosemide 40 mg 6 h later, administered daily, were initiated on the day of admission. Visual function by ophthalmo logy methods, and orbital compartment volumes and water content by MRI were follo wed. Intravenous diuretics resulted in an immediate therapeutic response. Visual acuity improved from 20/50 to 20/25 after 2 days of treatment. MRI revealed dec reasing water content of both the muscle and connective tissue compartments without any volume changes. Subsequently, corticosteroids and orbital irradiation were started. Orbital decompression surgery was not required. Discussion/conclusion: Edematous swelling of orbital tissues is an established contributor of local pressure increase in thyroid eye disease. Diuretics re duce orbital pressure and, if confirmed by others, may be useful additions to the stan dard of care in sight-threatening DON.

Nowadays Social Media plays a key role in the formation, maintenance and breaking up of romantic relationships. Instagram, one of the most popular platforms among young adults, was examined by many researchers from the viewpoints of e.g. relationship goals, satisfaction and conflicts. These studies concentrate on the impact of online activities on relationships. With this current research our aim is to widen this perspective: we attempt to investigate how relational factors influence the use of the popular social network site. In Study 1 a qualitative approach was introduced (N = 18), in Study 2 participants (N = 238) reported in an online survey about their Instagram activity in various relationship statuses as well as relationship satisfaction and jealousy. We found that changes in the relationship status can be detected through the modification of Instagram usage. The characteristics of Instagram activity are significantly different at the beginning and at the end of a relationship. Furthermore, using cluster analysis we found that jealousy and relationship satisfaction are core predictors of post frequency, the amount of time spent with browsing and the importance of Instagram. In sum, the patterns of Instagram activity are strongly influenced by romantic relationship status., Author(s): L. Fejes-Vékássy [sup.1] [sup.2] , A. Ujhelyi [sup.2] , L. Faragó [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.5591.8, 0000 0001 2294 6276, Doctoral School of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, , Budapest, [...]

Psoriasis (PSO) is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by the rapid and excessive growth of skin cells, which leads to the formation of thick, red, and scaly patches on the surface of the skin. These patches can be itchy and painful, and they may cause discomfort for patients affected by this condition. Therapies for psoriasis aim to alleviate symptoms, reduce inflammation, and slow down the excessive skin cell growth. Conventional topical treatment options are non-specific, have low efficacy and are associated with adverse effects, which is why researchers are investigating different delivery mechanisms. A novel approach to drug delivery using nanoparticles (NPs) shows promise in reducing toxicity and improving therapeutic efficacy. The unique properties of NPs, such as their small size and large surface area, make them attractive for targeted drug delivery, enhanced drug stability, and controlled release. In the context of PSO, NPs can be designed to deliver active ingredients with anti-inflammatory effect, immunosuppressants, or other therapeutic compounds directly to affected skin areas. These novel formulations offer improved access to the epidermis and facilitate better absorption, thus enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of conventional anti-psoriatic drugs. NPs increase the surface-to-volume ratio, resulting in enhanced penetration through the skin, including intracellular, intercellular, and trans-appendage routes. The present review aims to discuss the latest approaches for the topical therapy of PSO using NPs. It is intended to summarize the results of the in vitro and in vivo examinations carried out in the last few years regarding the effectiveness and safety of nanoparticles.

A Pandémia következtében kialakult válsághelyzet munkaerőpiacra gyakorolt hatása különösen jelentős volt. Tanulmányunkban arra kerestük a választ, hogy a munkavállalók hány %-át hozta bizonytalan helyzetbe a járvány, vannak-e ágazati sajátosságok. További kérdést jelentett az is, hogy a szervezetek mely iparágakban tudtak élni a Home Office lehetőségével és milyen gyakorlati tapasztalatokkal rendelkeznek. Szekunder adatok alapján a különböző gazdasági ágazatokat eltérő mértékben sújtotta a vírushelyzet, a kibocsátásra gyakorolt hatás szerint alacsony, közepes és magas szinteket különít el egymástól a szakirodalom. A globális átlaghoz képest (megközelítőleg 50%) Magyarországon magasabb arányt képvisel a foglalkoztatottak aránya (megközelítőleg 60%) a “magas” vagy “közepesen magas” mértékben sújtott ágazatokban, amelyekben igazán bizonytalan helyzetbe kerültek a dolgozók. Német regionális eredmények alapján szolgáltatáson belül az oktatás, a pénzügy és a telekommunikáció azok a területek, ahol a leginkább alkalmazható a távmunka a folyamatos működés és a foglalkoztatottság fenntartása érdekében. Primer kutatás keretében az Észak-Alföld Régióban egy alacsony, közepes és magas mértékben sújtott ágazatban tevékenykedő szervezet vezetőjével készítettünk interjút. Az “alacsony” kategóriában nem történt lényeges változás, “közepes”-nél az akvizíciós tevékenység háttérbe szorult, “magas” esetében létszámleépítés is történt. Összességében elmondható, hogy a Pandémia katalizálta a digitalizációs folyamatokat, a kényszerből bevezetett vagy kiterjesztett Home Office feltételezhetően fejlesztő hatással volt a szervezetekre, amely hatás a vírushelyzet után sem maradhat nyom nélkül. A megszerzett tapasztalatokat akkor tudja igazán hasznosítani a szervezet, ha a hátrányokat kiküszöbölve és az előnyöket erősítve tér vissza a “normal” kerékvágásba.

A covid járványból eredő változások maguk után vonták a Home Office soha nem látott mértékben történő elterjedését. Tanulmányunkban a munkahelytől távoli munkavégzés előnyeinek és hátrányainak vizsgálatához egy olyan szervezet Észak-Alföldi Régióját választottunk, ahol fontosak a személyes tárgyalások, így a veszélyhelyzet előtt csak ritkán alkalmazták azt, a megváltozott körülmények miatt viszont tömegesen tértek át rá. Arra a kérdésre kerestük a választ, hogy a szakirodalomban szereplő tényezők közül melyek gyakorolják a legnagyobb hatást a távoli munkavégzéshez kapcsolódó dolgozói elégedettségre és annak a járványhelyzet utáni megmaradásának igényére. Regresszió elemzés eredményei alapján megállapítottuk, hogy a dolgozók elégedettségére a távoli munkavégzésre való áttérés nagyobb vágya, a személyes kommunikációs csatornákat helyettesítő megoldásokban való jártasság és a munka-magánélet egyensúly érzékelt javulása pozitív, a bevezetéshez kapcsolódó bizonytalanság és stressz negatív hatást gyakorol. Későbbiekben is szívesen dolgoznának ebben a formában a dolgozók, ha már a bevezetéskor erőteljesebben jelentkezett a távoli munkavégzésre való áttérés vágya, az átállásból adódó félelem, a magasabb életkor és a vezetői visszajelzés hiánya viszont inkább visszaterelné őket a munkahelyre. Javaslatként fogalmaztuk meg azt, hogy a folyamat teljes szakaszában fontos a vezetői támogatás, amely meg kell, hogy nyilvánuljon a dolgozók döntési folyamatba történő bevonásában, a személyes kommunikációs csatorna megfelelő helyettesítésében és a gyakrabban történő visszajelzésben. A munka-magánélet egyensúly javításában a vezető az időmenedzsment oldaláról lehet a követőinek a segítségére a feladatok priorizálásával. A Home Officehoz kapcsolódó tapasztalatszerzési folyamatban ezek az intézkedések segíthetnek abban, hogy a távoli munkavégzésnek inkább az előnyeit tapasztalják a munkavállalók.

In situ gels have been developed as an innovative strategy to prolong corneal residence time and enhance drug absorption compared to traditional eye drops. Our study aimed to formulate an ophthalmic in situ gel with a combination of two thermosensitive poloxamers, P407 and P188, in an optimal ratio not only to increase the time of action but also to increase the solubility of selected antibiotics for the treatment of ophthalmic infections. Two BSC II class substances, Azithromycin and Ofloxacin, with different mechanisms of action, have been incorporated into the in situ gel system after determining their solubility. The antibiotics-loaded in situ gel formulation was evaluated for its clarity, pH, rheological properties, and gel characteristics of gelling time, temperature, and capacity. The formulation demonstrated satisfactory clarity, appropriate pH, effective gelation properties in simulated tear fluid, and suitable rheological characteristics. In addition, APIs release insight has been studied through a dissolution test, and the effectivity against sensitive and resistant bacterial strains has been proved through the antimicrobial study. Therefore, our in situ gel system based on thermosensitive poloxamers, with two hydrophobic antibiotics, AZM and OFX, can be considered a valuable approach for ophthalmic drug delivery with an enhancement of the antibiotics bioavailability through increasing the contact time with the ocular surface and enhancing patient compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin condition. There are many therapeutic options for its treatment; however, none of them is completely effective. Tapinarof is a promising new active substance; it was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of psoriasis. The aim of our study was to prepare topical nanoformulations of the active substance to improve its bioavailability and therapeutic effect. The biocompatibility investigation of the formulations was carried out by MTT assay, and the size distribution of the preparations was investigated by DLS. In parallel, the rheological properties and the texture were examined, and the in vitro release of tapinarof was assessed by the Franz diffusion method. An in vitro wound healing assay was also carried out to study the drug's properties. Our results show that the preparations were safe on HaCaT cells. The particle size of the formulations was proven to be in the nanoscale range. In the in vitro release studies, nanogel II. showed greater release of the active substance. According to the wound healing assay, incorporation of the drug into nanoformulations increases the antiproliferative and antimigration activity of the drug. Overall, nanoformulations of tapinarof were successfully prepared, and our results suggest that they can be a useful addition to the current therapeutic practice of psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of health and social care has been suggested as a solution to overcome the increasing financial and service pressures on the UK healthcare system. This commentary aimed to critically appraise a systematic review that investigated the national and international evidence base for the impact of integrating care, both on perceived and actual service delivery outcomes. The authors also aimed to identify the review's implications for practice, policy and future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of oral insulin drug delivery systems is still an ongoing challenge for pharmaceutical technology researchers, as the formulation process has to overcome a number of obstacles due to the adverse characteristics of peptides. The aim of this study was to formulate different sodium-alginate microparticles as a possible method for oral insulin administration. In our previous studies, the method has been successfully optimized using a small model peptide. The incorporation of insulin into alginate carriers containing nonionic surfactants has not been described yet. In order to enhance the absorption of insulin through biological barriers, Labrasol ALF and Labrafil M 2125 CS were selected as permeation-enhancing excipients. They were applied at a concentration of 0.10% (v/v%), along with various combinations of the two, to increase oral bioavailability. Encapsulation efficiency showed sufficient drug incorporation, as it resulted in over 80% in each composition. In vitro dissolution and enzymatic stability test results proved that, as a pH-responsive polymer, alginate bead swelling and drug release occur at higher pH, thus protecting insulin against the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract. The remaining insulin content was 66% due to SIF degradation after 120 min. Permeability experiments revealed the impact of permeation enhancers and natural polymers on drug absorption, as they enhanced drug transport significantly through Caco-2 cells in the case of alginate microparticle formulations, as opposed to the control insulin solution. These results suggest that these formulations are able to improve the oral bioavailability of insulin.

BGP-15 is an active ingredient with many advantages, e.g., beneficial cardiovascular and anti-inflammatory effects. The transdermal administration of BGP-15 has great potential, which has not been investigated yet, despite the fact that it is a non-invasive and safe form of treatment. The aim of our study was to formulate transdermal patches containing BGP-15 and optimize the production with the Box–Behnken design of experiment. The most optimal formulation was further combined with penetration enhancers to improve bioavailability of the active ingredient, and the in vitro drug release and in vitro permeation of BGP-15 from the patches were investigated. FTIR spectra of BGP-15, the formulations and the components were also studied. The most optimal formulation based on the tested parameters was dried for 24 h, with 67% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) content and low ethanol content. The selected penetration enhancer excipients were not cytotoxic on HaCaT cells. The FTIR measurements and SEM photography proved the compatibility of the active substance and the vehicle; BGP-15 was present in the polymer matrix in dissolved form. The bioavailability of BGP-15 was most significantly enhanced by the combination of Transcutol and Labrasol. The in vitro permeation study confirmed that the formulated patches successfully enabled the transdermal administration of BGP-15.

The aim of this study was to formulate and characterize CK2 inhibitor-loaded alginate microbeads via the polymerization method. Different excipients were used in the formulation to improve the penetration of an active agent and to stabilize our preparations. Transcutol® HP was added to the drug–sodium alginate mixture and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was added to the hardening solution, alone and in combination. To characterize the formulations, mean particle size, scanning electron microscopy analysis, encapsulation efficiency, swelling behavior, an enzymatic stability test and an in vitro dissolution study were performed. The cell viability assay and permeability test were also carried out on the Caco-2 cell line. The anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the formulations were finally evaluated. The combination of Transcutol® HP and PVP in the formulation of sodium alginate microbeads could improve the stability, in vitro permeability, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the CK2 inhibitor.

A szervezetek életében a sikeres változtatás az utóbbi turbulensen változó évtizedekben különösen fontos szerepet kap, a teljesítmény fenntartása érdekében figyelmet kell fordítani a vezető-követő kapcsolatokra. Biztosítani kell a szervezeti tagok számára a részvételt és kezelni kell a kialakuló ellenállást. Kutatómunkánk tárgyát annak vizsgálata képezte, hogy befolyásolja-e a változtatás sikerességének megítélését a dolgozók javaslattételi lehetőségének biztosítása és a változtatással szembeni ellenérzése. Khi-négyzet tesztek végrehajtásával arra az eredményre jutottunk, hogy ha beleszólhat a dolgozó a döntésekbe, nagyobb eséllyel ítéli meg sikeresnek a változtatást, ugyanakkor a vezetőt a dolgozók bevonása nem befolyásolja ebben. A dolgozók változtatással szembeni ellenérzése és a változtatás sikeressége között viszont dolgozói és vezetői oldalról is van összefüggés, sikertelenebb a változtatás, ha kialakul az ellenérzés. Az eredmények alapján mindkét tényező fontos. Érdemes felhívni a vezetők figyelmét arra, hogy a részvétel biztosítására is figyeljenek, hiszen ennek elmaradása elégedetlenséget válthat ki a dolgozókban, amely a szervezet sikerességét is negatív irányban befolyásolhatja.

Nowadays, in addition to diseases caused by environmental pollution, the importance of personalized protection against various infectious agents has become of paramount importance. Besides medicine, several technical and technological studies have been carried out to develop suitable devices. One such revolutionary solution is the use of personalized nasal filters, which allow our body to defend itself more effectively against external environmental damage and pathogens. These filters are small devices that are placed in the nose and specifically filter the inhaled environmental contaminants, allergens, and microorganisms according to individual needs. These devices not only play a key role in maintaining our health but also contribute to environmental protection, reducing the inhalation of pollutants and their harmful impact on the natural environment. Another advantage of personalized filters is that they also provide an opportunity to strengthen our individual immune systems. The use of personalized filters allows medicine to provide optimized protection for everyone, focusing on individual genetic and immunological conditions. The momentum behind the development and research of personalized nasal filters has reached astonishing proportions today. Nowadays, many research groups and medical institutions are working to create new materials, nanotechnologies, and bioinformatics solutions in order to create even more effective personalized nasal filters that can also be shaped easily and safely. Considering the needs of the users is at least as important during development as the efficiency of the device. These two properties together determine the success of the product. Industry research focuses not only on improving the efficiency of devices, but also on making them more responsive to user needs, comfort, and portability. Based on all this, it can be concluded that personalized nasal filters can be a promising and innovative solution for protection against environmental pollutants and pathogens. Through a commitment to the research and development of technology, the long-term impact of such devices on our health and the environment can be significant, contributing to improving people’s quality of life and creating a sustainable future. With unique solutions and continuous research, we give hope that in the future, despite the environmental challenges, we can enjoy the protection of our health with even more efficient and sophisticated devices.

Christensenella minuta (C. minuta), a member of a recently described bacterial family, is one of the most heritable next-generation probiotics. Many observational studies confirmed that the relative abundance of C. minuta is associated with lean body types with a low host body mass index (BMI), and is also influenced by age, diet, and genetics. By utilizing its benefits, it could be suited to many therapies, including human and animal health as well. However, a reliable method for culturing the strain must also be developed to enable the therapeutic administration of the microbe. Sludge microfiltration could be a promising solution for large scale-up cultivation. In this review, different processing methods are also described from pharmaceutical aspects.

The largest population movement in the history of Europe since the Second World War has been the migration process of recent years, which also appeared in Hungary in 2015. The significant demographic movement has resulted in important social reactions and has developed different narratives in the civil and also in the power fields. In Hungary, the refugee issue has become a decisive topic of political discourse since 2015, and the party coalition was among the first in Europe to represent the security policy. As a result, the refugees appeared as a source of danger, so the government has rejected them. In spite of this, the grassroots volunteer groups were organized in the civil sphere, who helped the refugee masses passing through Hungary in 2015. This paper analyses a very brief but very intense manifestation of Hungarian civil society involvement as a social response to current conflicts. We will look at how the 2015 migration wave grassroots crisis management took place in Debrecen. This cultural anthropological research is based on online and offline participatory observations and semi-structured interviews and informal conversations with volunteers who helped refugees in Debrecen. This study focuses on the motivations, attitudes, social responsibility of volunteers and their voluntary activity embedded in broader socio-political conditions. The first part of the article shows the formation and operational peculiarities of solidarity philanthropic organization with refugees in Debrecen. Then follows the individual aspects of volunteering. Finally, it will be discussed the socio-political context of the civil voluntary movement, the political interpretations of refugee assistance, and its impact on volunteering. With outlining a segment of the contemporary volunteer phenomenon we can get closer to provide a framework for understanding the possibilities of the recent civil sphere.

Monika Katko,1 Erika Galgoczi,1 Annamaria Erdei,1 Annamaria Gazdag,1 Eszter Berta,1 Miklos Bodor,1 Ildiko Seres,2 Ildiko Hircsu,1 Arpad Badics,1 Bernadett Ujhelyi,3 Livia Sira,1 Harjit Pal Bhattoa,4 Endre V Nagy1 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 2Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 3Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; 4Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, HngaryCorrespondence: Endre V NagyDivision of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei krt, Debrecen, 4032, HungaryTel +36-30-337-1244Email nagy@internal.med.unideb.huIntroduction: Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune disease of the orbits. Once developed, complete cure is rare. Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) contributes to remodeling of connective tissue and has a central role in the pathogenesis of TED. We aimed to test if the 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 is a predictor of the development of moderate-to-severe TED.Methods: A total of 185 patients with Graves’ disease, 87 of them with TED, 98 without TED, as well as 201 healthy controls, were studied. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples. The 4G/5G polymorphism of the PAI-1 gene was analyzed by allele-specific PCR, and the distribution of genotypes was calculated in each group. Plasma PAI-1 and thyroid hormone levels were measured by ELISA and ECLIA, respectively.Results: The 4G/4G genotype was associated with the development of moderate-to-severe TED (OR = 2.54; 95% CI: 1.26– 5.14; p < 0.01). The 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 was not a predictor of plasma PAI-1 levels.Conclusion: The 4G/4G genotype of PAI-1 is a risk factor for the development of moderate-to-severe TED. Patients with Graves’ disease who harbor this genotype may be candidates for special attention towards the development of TED.Keywords: thyroid eye disease, Graves’ disease, PAI-1, 4G/5G polymorphism, risk factor

Nasal drug delivery has been a focus of scientific interest for decades. A number of drug delivery systems and devices are available and have been highly successful in providing better and more comfortable therapy. The benefits of nasal drug delivery are not in question. The nasal surface provides an excellent context for the targeted delivery of active substances. In addition to the large nasal surface area and intensive absorption, the active substances delivered through the nose overcome the blood–brain barrier and can be delivered directly to the central nervous system. Formulations for nasal administration are typically solutions or liquid dispersed systems such as emulsions or suspensions. Formulation techniques for nanostructures have recently undergone intensive development. Solid-phase heterogeneous dispersed systems represent a new direction in pharmaceutical formulations. The wide range of possible examples and the variety of excipients allow for the delivery of a wide range of active ingredients. The aim of our experimental work was to develop a solid drug delivery system that possesses all of the above-mentioned advantageous properties. In developing solid nanosystems, we not only exploited the advantages of size but also the adhesive and penetration-enhancing properties of excipients. During formulation, several amphiphilic compounds with adhesion properties and penetration enhancing effects were incorporated. We used chlorpromazine (CPZ), which is mainly used in the treatment of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Chlorpromazine has been previously investigated by our team in other projects. With the availability of previous methods, the analytical characterization of the drug was carried out effectively. Due to the frequent and severe side effects of the drug, the need for therapeutic dose reduction is indisputable. In this series of experiments, we succeeded in constructing drug delivery systems. Finely divided Na nanoparticles were formed using a Büchi B90 nanospray dryer. An important step in the development of the drug carrier was the selection of suitable inert carrier compounds. Particle size determination and particle size distribution analysis were performed to characterize the prepared nanostructures. As safety is the most important aspect of any drug formulation, all components and systems were tested with different biocompatibility assays. The tests performed demonstrated the safe applicability of our systems. The bioavailability of chlorpromazine was studied as a function of the ratio of the active ingredient administered nasally and intravenously. As described above, most nasal formulations are liquids, but our system is solid, so there is currently no tool available to accurately target this system. As a supplement of the project, a nasal dosing device was developed, corresponding to the anatomical structure; a prototype of the device was made using 3D FDM technology. Our results lay the foundation for the design and industrial scaling of a new approach to the design and production of a high-bioavailability nasal medicinal product.

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition characterized by red, circumscribed, scaly, and erythematous plaques that can cover large skin areas. While conventional treatments such as topical corticosteroids and systemic medications are commonly prescribed, the interest in natural remedies for psoriasis has grown due to concerns about potential side effects and the desire for alternative treatment options. Rosa × damascena Mill. is rich in bioactive compounds that possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties; these properties make Rosa × damascena Mill. a promising candidate for the management of skin disorders such as psoriasis. In our previous studies, we successfully formulated and tested different topical preparations containing Rosa × damascena Mill. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores in psoriasis treatment using the abovementioned creams containing Rosa × damascena Mill. extract. Several tests were performed to study the correlation between the PASI and DLQI scores in psoriasis patients. Consequently, we were able to observe an improvement in terms of the area, induration, desquamation, and erythema; such an improvement implicitly produces an improvement in patients' quality of life. The PASI and DLQI scores showed significant progress between visits. These results confirm Rosa × damascena Mill. to be a promising candidate for the topical treatment of psoriatic lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to present an experiment conducted in a Latin class. The experiment relates to project-based learning, which seeks to make students autonomous in their learning of Latin and to restore interest in the discipline. The project consists of developing a mediation system involving ephemeral inscriptions in Latin tagged in the schoolyard. This article provides a description of a typical sequence for each phase of the year, and the students have missions that they have to conduct independently, either individually or in groups. While this project-based pedagogy involves rethinking the teacher's place in the classroom, it undoubtedly allows students to gain autonomy. The project stimulates the enthusiasm of the students, making it a useful tool for promoting the discipline.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of depression memes, spread mainly on social media, on depressive mood, and the moderating role of self-regulation based on self-report and electrophysiological (resting EEG frontal alpha asymmetry) assessments. We conducted a semi-online crossover study; first, we collected brain activity data from healthy young adults (n = 32) who were subsequently provided a link to the online experiment. Each participant participated in both the neutral and meme conditions. We also evaluated their level of depressive mood immediately before and after exposure to the stimuli. We further conducted a series of linear mixed effects model analyses and found that depression memes contributed to an increase in depressive symptoms. Specifically, lack of emotional clarity, difficulties in goal-directed behaviors in emotional distress, and impulse control difficulties were linked to greater depressive mood in the case of exposure to depression memes compared with neutral images. However, time interactions were insignificant. These results mainly indicate the centrality of behavioral problems during times of emotional distress caused by depression memes. Lastly, although frontal alpha asymmetry did not predict a change in depressive mood or significantly differ across conditions, lower inhibitory control may result in increased processing of depression memes as negative stimuli. This result is consistent with our self-report results (e.g., impulsivity) as well as other related studies in the literature. However, further research is needed to verify these frontal alpha asymmetry results.